CN111279964B - Cultivation method for improving fruit setting rate of sweet cherries - Google Patents
Cultivation method for improving fruit setting rate of sweet cherries Download PDFInfo
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- CN111279964B CN111279964B CN202010116449.XA CN202010116449A CN111279964B CN 111279964 B CN111279964 B CN 111279964B CN 202010116449 A CN202010116449 A CN 202010116449A CN 111279964 B CN111279964 B CN 111279964B
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Classifications
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- A01N25/30—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests characterised by the surfactants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
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- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of cherry planting, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for improving the fruit setting rate of sweet cherries. The specific technical scheme is as follows: digging planting furrows on the planting land, applying base fertilizer to the planting furrows and covering soil; transplanting cherry seedlings into planting furrows, applying urea, and maintaining the soil humidity at 60-70%; applying urea and diammonium phosphate to the cherry seedlings 10-15 days before the cherry seedlings sprout; spraying a first nutrient solution in the beginning of flowering period, wherein the first nutrient solution comprises amino acid complex cobalt; spraying a second nutrient solution in the full-bloom stage, wherein the second nutrient solution is added with the male flower pollen of the same variety; supplementing nutrients to cherry trees for at least 2 times within a time period from the late flowering period to the early fruiting period; and (4) spraying fruit setting liquid to the leaves and the young fruits in the young fruit expanding period. The method for planting the sweet cherries can obviously improve the fruit setting rate of the sweet cherries, improve the fruit hardness and improve the fruit taste.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of cherry planting, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for improving the fruit setting rate of sweet cherries.
Background
Large cherries, also known as western cherries, were introduced in the 70's 19 th century by western churches and qianmen into the Shandong tobacco pipe and are a generic term for sweet and tart cherries in Europe and hybrids thereof. The cherry is famous for being bigger than the original cherry in China. Since the number of sour cherries and hybrid cherries cultivated in production is small, large cherries in the general sense are sweet cherries (the term sweet cherries is unified throughout the text). The sweet cherry has the advantages of good taste, small kernel, thick meat, sour and sweet taste, rich nutrient substances, and can also regulate the middle warmer, benefit the spleen, regulate qi, activate blood, calm the liver and remove heat, has the reputation of vitamin pills, and is deeply loved by people.
However, the planting of the sweet cherries has a plurality of difficulties. Wherein, the fruit setting rate is low, flowers and fruits are present, the fruit yield is low, the hardness is not enough, the storage is not easy, and the like. This is mainly caused by the unscientific and unreasonable planting management technique.
If the planting technology capable of comprehensively improving the fruit setting rate and hardness of the sweet cherries can be provided, the planting technology has important practical significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cultivation method capable of improving the fruit setting rate of sweet cherries.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method for cultivating sweet cherry comprises supplementing cherry tree with at least 2 times of nutrition from late flowering period to early fruiting period, wherein the supplemented nutrition at least comprises calcium ion-containing compound.
Preferably, the method for supplementing nutrition to the cherry trees in the time period from the late flowering period to the early fruiting period comprises the following steps:
spraying a first mixed solution prepared from gibberellin, CPPU and gold calcium 100 5-7 days after the flowering season, wherein the gibberellin concentration is 20-25 mg/L, the CPPU concentration is 8-10 mg/L, and the gold calcium 100 concentration is 0.2-0.4% by mass fraction; spraying a second mixed solution prepared from gibberellin, CPPU and gold calcium 100 12-14 days after the flowering season, wherein the concentration of gibberellin is 20-25 mg/L, the concentration of CPPU is 20-25 mg/L, and the concentration of gold calcium 100 is 0.2-0.4%; spraying a gold-calcium 100 aqueous solution with the concentration of 0.3-0.5% 20-21 days after the flowering season, wherein the dosage is 75 kg/mu.
Preferably, in the cherry young fruit expanding period, a fruit setting liquid is sprayed on cherry leaves and young fruits, and the fruit setting liquid comprises calcium caseinate.
Preferably, the fruit setting liquid comprises the following components in parts by weight: 18-26 parts of glucose, 2.5-4 parts of ferric nitrate, 0.3-0.8 part of potassium chloride, 2-5 parts of urea, 5-8 parts of lactobacillus liquid, 1.2-5.4 parts of sodium chloride, 3-4 parts of borax, 1.2-3.2 parts of glycine, 0.8-1.2 parts of alanine, 0.6-1.2 parts of brassinolide, 1-2 parts of polysorbate and 0.5-1 part of calcium caseinate.
Preferably, the method comprises the steps of:
(1) selecting a soil with a pH value of 6.8-7.3 and sufficient sunshine as a planting field, digging a planting ditch, applying a base fertilizer to the planting ditch and covering soil;
(2) transplanting cherry seedlings into planting furrows, applying 1.0-1.5 kg of urea per mu, and maintaining the soil humidity at 60-70%;
(3) applying urea and diammonium phosphate to the cherry seedlings 10-15 days before the cherry seedlings sprout;
(4) spraying a first nutrient solution on the whole plant in the initial flowering phase, wherein the first nutrient solution comprises amino acid complex cobalt;
(5) spraying a second nutrient solution every 3-5 days in a full-bloom period, wherein cherry male flower pollen of the same variety with the concentration of 3-5 mg/L is added into the second nutrient solution;
(6) supplementing nutrients to cherry trees for at least 2 times within a time period from the late flowering period to the early fruiting period;
(7) and (3) spraying the fruit setting liquid to the leaves and the young fruits once every 3-5 days in the young fruit expansion period.
Preferably, the base fertilizer in the step (1) comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of decomposed sheep manure, 2.5-3 parts of calcium superphosphate, 0.25-0.5 part of urea, 0.5-0.8 part of bacterial fertilizer, 0.01-0.02 part of boron-zinc fertilizer, 2-3 parts of cane sugar and 2-3 parts of chitosan.
Preferably, the bacterial manure comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15 parts of bacillus subtilis, the viable bacteria amount of which is 200 hundred million CFU/ml, 2 parts of bacillus licheniformis, the viable bacteria amount of which is 200 hundred million CFU/g, 8 parts of diatomite, 1 part of chitosan, 5 parts of furfural residue, 5 parts of ammonium sulfate and 8 parts of potassium sulfate.
Preferably, the method for applying the base fertilizer and covering soil in the step (1) comprises the following steps:
burying plant material near planting land with thickness of 20cm at the lower layer of the planting furrows, and compacting; and then backfilling a base fertilizer which is 30 centimeters thick and is mixed with surface soil, wherein the base fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: compacting the surface soil in a ratio of 1: 15; surface soil with the thickness of 30-40 cm is filled in the upper layer and is parallel to the ground; and finally, building a soil layer which is about 30 cm higher than the ground.
Preferably, the preparation method of the first nutrient solution in the step (4) comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing 5-10 parts of gibberellic acid, 5-8 parts of CPPU, 8-10 parts of urea, 5-8 parts of borax and 3-6 parts of amino acid complex cobalt, and adding water to dilute by 800-1000 times.
Preferably, the preparation method of the second nutrient solution in the step (5) comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing 5-10 parts of gibberellic acid, 3-5 parts of CPPU and 3-5 parts of borax, and adding water to dilute by 800-1000 times.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention provides a novel sweet cherry cultivation method, which is characterized in that a sugar-containing nutrient is added into an applied base fertilizer, so that the chlorophyll content in leaves and the net photosynthetic rate of the leaves can be improved, and the yield and sugar content of cherries are further improved. The base fertilizer also contains chitosan, and has the functions of providing nutrients, improving disease resistance and decomposing soil metal substances. In consideration of the short growth period and difficult fruit setting of the sweet cherries, the nutrient solution applied in the full-bloom period is added with male flower pollen to help pollination; after the sweet cherries shed flowers and in the early fruiting stage, nutrition supply is provided for the sweet cherries in a 'eating less and eating more' mode, so that the fruit setting rate is improved, and the fruit hardness is enhanced. In the young fruit expanding period, the invention also applies special fruit setting liquid which simultaneously contains polysorbate and calcium caseinate, thereby being capable of helping the fruit setting liquid to spread, improving the taste of the cherry and further improving the hardness of the fruit.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a cultivation method capable of improving the fruit setting rate of sweet cherries, which comprises the following steps:
1. and (6) selecting the land. And selecting a soil with the pH value of 6.8-7.3 and sufficient sunlight as the place of the orchard. Digging fixed planting furrows in the orchard, wherein the depth of the furrows is 80-90 cm, and the width of the furrows is 80-90 cm. Applying a base fertilizer in the planting furrows and covering soil, wherein the specific method comprises the following steps: filling plant materials with the thickness of 20cm near planting fields such as leaves, straws, weeds and the like at the lower layer of the planting furrows, and treading the plant materials tightly; filling a base fertilizer (the mass ratio of the base fertilizer to the surface soil is 1:15) with the thickness of 30 cm and mixed with the surface soil into the middle layer, and treading the mixture to be solid; filling part of surface soil on the upper layer to be parallel to the ground (the thickness is 30-40 cm); finally, a soil layer which is about 30 cm higher than the ground is built, and the planting furrows are slightly higher than the periphery. The base fertilizer comprises sugar-containing nutrients. After the nutrient containing sugar is delivered to the leaf surface, the chlorophyll content in the leaf and the net photosynthetic rate of the leaf can be improved, and the yield and the sugar content of the cherry can be further improved. In addition, the base fertilizer also comprises chitosan, the chitosan can be used as a fertilizer to provide nutrients for cherries, can help to improve the disease-resistant and bacteriostatic ability of cherry trees, can decompose animal and plant residues and trace metal elements in soil, converts the animal and plant residues and trace metal elements into plant nutrients, enhances the immunity of the cherry trees, and promotes the healthy growth of the cherry trees.
2. Transplanting the cherry seedlings into planting furrows, wherein the planting distance is 2.5-3 m. Applying 1.0-1.5 kg of urea per mu, and watering once every 5-7 days according to soil conditions, wherein the watering amount is approximately 8 cubic meters per mu. Watering is carried out every 15 days after half a month according to the weather condition until the rainwater weather is sufficient. The judgment standards of watering frequency and watering amount are as follows: and maintaining the soil humidity at 60-70%.
3. Applying urea and diammonium phosphate to cherry seedlings 10-15 days before the cherry seedlings sprout, and ensuring that the soil humidity of a fertilization area is 60-70% in the whole sprouting period, wherein the humidity control method comprises the following steps: the soil has a cool and moist feeling when being placed on the hands, and the marks are left when the soil is pressed by the hands. And can also be accurately controlled by using a soil humidity tester. Wherein 1.0-1.5 kg of urea is applied per mu, and 3-5 kg of diammonium phosphate is applied per mu.
4. After the cherry enters a fruit setting period and at an initial flowering period, spraying a first nutrient solution for the whole plant for one time, wherein the dosage of the first nutrient solution is as follows: 37-38 kg/mu. The nutrient solution comprises amino acid complex cobalt, and can promote cell growth, promote germination, growth and respiration of pollen, enhance photosynthesis, make cherries more full and effectively improve the yield of the cherries.
5. Spraying a second nutrient solution every 3-5 days in a full-bloom stage, wherein the dosage of the second nutrient solution is as follows: 45 kg/mu. When the second nutrient solution is sprayed, 3-5 mg/L cherry male flower pollen of the same variety is added into the second nutrient solution to help pollination and improve fruit setting rate.
6. Spraying a first mixed solution prepared from gibberellin, CPPU (forchlorfenuron) and gold calcium 100 (water soluble fertilizer) 5-7 days after the flowering season, wherein the dosage of the first mixed solution is 60 kg/mu; in the first mixed solution, the concentration of gibberellin is 20-25 mg/L, the concentration of CPPU is 8-10 mg/L, and the concentration of gold calcium 100 is 0.2-0.4% (% means mass fraction in the mixed solution). Spraying a second mixed solution prepared from gibberellin, CPPU and gold calcium 100 12-14 days after the flowering season, wherein the dosage of the second mixed solution is 75 kg/mu; in the second mixed solution, the concentration of gibberellin is 20-25 mg/L, the concentration of CPPU is 20-25 mg/L, and the concentration of gold and calcium 100 is 0.2-0.4%. Spraying a gold-calcium 100 aqueous solution with the concentration of 0.3-0.5% 20-21 days after the flowering season, wherein the dosage is 75 kg/mu.
By supplementing the tree body with nutrition in stages after the flowers are withered and in the early fruiting stage, the fruit development can be promoted, and the physiological fruit drop can be prevented. Because the sweet cherry has extremely short growth period and difficult fruit setting, the nutrient applied to the outside is absorbed limitedly and has short absorption time. Therefore, the invention adopts a mode of eating less and eating more than one meal to supply the nutrition to the sweet cherries. After the period of flowering, sweet cherries were provided with 3 nutritional supplements, the first two aimed at enhancing fruit set and the third aimed at enhancing fruit firmness.
7. And (3) spraying the fruit setting liquid to the leaves and the young fruits once every 3-5 days in the young fruit expansion period, wherein the single use amount of the fruit setting liquid is 90 kg/mu. By applying the fruit setting liquid, the fruit stem separation can be effectively prevented, and secondary physiological fruit drop is reduced. Meanwhile, the fruit setting liquid can fully promote the synchronous division and the elongation of cells, so that fruit stalks are robust and elongated, the uniform growth of fruits is accelerated, and the synthesis and the transformation of fruit sugar are promoted. The fruit setting liquid is added with polysorbate which has the functions of dispersion and development and calcium caseinate which not only has the function of development but also can help fruit trees and young fruits to supplement free calcium. Free calcium is not easy to fix, and is convenient for absorption, transfer and utilization of fruit trees when being matched with polysorbate. The two components supplement each other, so that on one hand, the fruit setting liquid can be well spread and attached to the leaf surface, and the absorption of the fruit setting liquid is promoted; on the other hand, the taste of the cherry can be improved, and the quality of the cherry is improved.
And then harvesting after maturation. The remaining non-documented planting methods refer to the prior art.
The invention also provides a base fertilizer.
The base fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of decomposed sheep manure, 2.5-3 parts of calcium superphosphate, 0.25-0.5 part of urea, 0.5-0.8 part of bacterial fertilizer, 0.01-0.02 part of boron-zinc fertilizer, 2-3 parts of cane sugar and 2-3 parts of chitosan.
The bacterial fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15 parts of bacillus subtilis (with the viable bacteria amount of 200 hundred million CFU/ml), 2 parts of bacillus licheniformis (with the viable bacteria amount of 200 hundred million CFU/g), 8 parts of diatomite, 1 part of chitosan, 5 parts of furfural residue, 5 parts of ammonium sulfate and 8 parts of potassium sulfate.
The invention also provides a first nutrient solution.
The first nutrient solution comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of gibberellic acid, 5-8 parts of CPPU, 8-10 parts of urea, 5-8 parts of borax and 3-6 parts of amino acid complex cobalt, uniformly mixing, adding water to dilute by 800-1000 times, and fully dissolving.
The invention also provides a second nutrient solution.
The second nutrient solution comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of gibberellic acid, 3-5 parts of CPPU and 3-5 parts of borax, uniformly mixing, adding water to dilute by 800-1000 times, and fully dissolving.
The invention also provides a fruit setting liquid.
The fruit setting liquid comprises the following components in parts by weight: 18-26 parts of glucose, 2.5-4 parts of ferric nitrate, 0.3-0.8 part of potassium chloride, 2-5 parts of urea and 5-8 parts of lactobacillus bacterial liquid (the bacterial liquid used in the invention is obtained by adding water into commercially available bacterial powder and uniformly mixing, wherein the bacterial powder is obtained from Guangzhou Shinming chemical Co., Ltd. and Lesikoku brand, and the mass parts of the bacterial powder in the bacterial liquid are more than or equal to 4.5%), 1.2-5.4 parts of sodium chloride, 3-4 parts of borax, 1.2-3.2 parts of glycine, 0.8-1.2 parts of alanine, 0.6-1.2 parts of brassinolide, 1-2 parts of polysorbate and 0.5-1 part of calcium caseinate.
The present invention is further illustrated below with reference to specific examples.
Example one
1. The sweet cherries (the variety is red light, and the variety is adopted in the whole text) are planted according to the method. The time for transplanting the cherry seedlings to the planting furrows is 2016 years and 3 months, and the planting field is a mountain forest field behind the canal of Mao county, Ababa. The examples and comparative examples were conducted at the same time and at the same site throughout the text.
The various planting parameters involved in this example are:
and adding 1 kg/mu of urea and 4 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate in about 3-5 days in 2018, namely 10 days before cherry germination. Soil moisture was maintained at 60% throughout germination.
In about 22 days 3 and 3 months in 2018, namely the initial flowering phase, the whole plant is sprayed with a first nutrient solution once, and the dosage of the first nutrient solution is as follows: 37.5 kg/mu.
Spraying the second nutrient solution for 1 time every 3 days for 2 times in about 28 days in 3 months in 2018, namely in the period of full bloom; and 3mg/L of the same variety of cherry male flower pollen is added into the second nutrient solution every time of spraying. The total amount of spraying is 45 kg/mu each time.
Spraying a first mixed solution (25mg/L gibberellic acid, 8mg/L CPPU and 0.3% gold calcium 100) in about 4 months and 5 days in 2018, namely 5 days after the flowering period, wherein the dosage is 60 kg/mu. And spraying a second mixed solution (20mg/L gibberellic acid, 23mg/L CPPU and 0.2% gold calcium 100) in the amount of 75 kg/mu about 14 days 4 months and 14 days after the flowering period of 2018. Spraying 0.3% of gold-calcium 100 aqueous solution with the dosage of 75 kg/mu about 20 days after 4 months and 20 days after the flowering period in 2018.
Spraying the fruit setting liquid once every 3 days in the expansion period of the young fruit, namely 5 times in the 4-18 months in 2018, wherein the dosage is 90 kg/mu each time.
2. The base fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15 parts of decomposed sheep manure, 2.5 parts of calcium superphosphate, 0.5 part of urea, 0.8 part of bacterial fertilizer, 0.02 part of boron-zinc fertilizer, 2 parts of cane sugar and 2 parts of chitosan.
The first nutrient solution is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 5 parts of gibberellic acid, 8 parts of CPPU, 8 parts of urea, 8 parts of borax and 6 parts of amino acid complex cobalt, and adding water to dilute the mixture by 800 times.
The second nutrient solution is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 5 parts of gibberellic acid, 3 parts of CPPU and 5 parts of borax, and adding water to dilute the mixture by 800 times.
The fruit setting liquid comprises the following components in parts by weight: 18 parts of glucose, 4 parts of ferric nitrate, 0.3 part of potassium chloride, 2 parts of urea, 8 parts of lactobacillus liquid (the mass fraction of the bacterium powder is 4.5%), 5.4 parts of sodium chloride, 4 parts of borax, 1.2 parts of glycine, 0.8 part of alanine, 1.2 parts of brassinolide, 1 part of polysorbate and 0.5 part of calcium caseinate.
3. The fruit setting rate of the sweet cherry planted by the method of the embodiment is 64.57%, and the hardness is 3.65kg/cm2And the content of soluble sugar is 12.3 percent.
Example two
1. The sweet cherry is planted according to the method. The various planting parameters involved in this example are:
in 2018, about 3 months and 1 day, namely 15 days before cherry sprouting, 1.5 kg/mu of urea and 3 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate are added. Soil moisture was maintained at 70% throughout germination.
In about 22 days 3 and 3 months in 2018, namely the initial flowering phase, the whole plant is sprayed with a first nutrient solution once, and the dosage of the first nutrient solution is as follows: 37.5 kg/mu.
Spraying the second nutrient solution for 1 time every 5 days in 2018, about 3 and 28 days, namely in a full-bloom stage, and totally 2 times; when the nutrient solution is sprayed every time, 5mg/L of cherry male flower pollen of the same variety is added into the second nutrient solution. The total amount of spraying is 45 kg/mu each time.
Spraying the first mixed solution (20mg/L gibberellic acid, 10mg/L CPPU and 0.2% gold calcium 100) for 1 time in about 7 days of 2018, 4 months and 7 days after the flowering period, wherein the dosage is 60 kg/mu. Spraying 1 time of a second mixed solution (25mg/L gibberellic acid, 20mg/L CPPU and 0.4% gold calcium 100) in the amount of 75 kg/mu in 2018, about 4 months and 12 days, namely 12 days after the flowering period. Spraying 0.5% gold-calcium 100 aqueous solution for 1 time in about 21 days of 2018, 4 months and 21 days after the flowering period, wherein the dosage is 75 kg/mu.
Spraying the fruit setting liquid every 5 days for 3 times in 2018, 4 months and 5-4 months and 18 days (during the swelling period of young fruits). The first time is 4 months and 7 days in 2018, and the dosage is 90 kg/mu; the second time is 2018, 4 months and 12 days, and the dosage is 90 kg/mu; the third time is 2018, 4 months and 17 days, and the dosage is 90 kg/mu.
2. The base fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of sheep manure, 3 parts of calcium superphosphate, 0.25 part of urea, 0.5 part of bacterial fertilizer, 0.01 part of boron-zinc fertilizer, 3 parts of cane sugar and 3 parts of chitosan.
According to the mass parts, the used first nutrient solution is 10 parts of gibberellic acid, 5 parts of CPPU, 8 parts of urea, 5 parts of borax and 3 parts of amino acid complex cobalt, and water is added for dilution by 1000 times.
The second nutrient solution is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of gibberellic acid, 5 parts of CPPU and 3 parts of borax, and water is added for dilution by 1000 times.
The fruit setting liquid comprises the following components in parts by weight: 26 parts of glucose, 2.5 parts of ferric nitrate, 0.8 part of potassium chloride, 5 parts of urea, 5 parts of lactobacillus liquid (the mass fraction of the bacterium powder is 4.5%), 1.2 parts of sodium chloride, 3 parts of borax, 3.2 parts of glycine, 1.2 parts of alanine, 0.6 part of brassinolide, 2 parts of polysorbate and 1 part of calcium caseinate.
3. The fruit setting rate of the sweet cherry planted by the method of the embodiment is 68.32%, and the hardness is 3.80kg/cm2And the content of soluble sugar is 13.1 percent.
EXAMPLE III
1. The sweet cherry is planted according to the method. The various planting parameters involved in this example are:
in 2018, about 3 months and 3 days, namely 12 days before cherry sprouting, 1.0 kg/mu of urea and 3.5 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate are added. Soil moisture was maintained at 65% throughout germination.
In about 22 days 3 and 3 months in 2018, namely the initial flowering phase, the whole plant is sprayed with a first nutrient solution once, and the dosage of the first nutrient solution is as follows: 37.5 kg/mu.
Spraying the second nutrient solution for 1 time every 5 days for 2 times in about 28 days 3 months in 2018, namely a full-bloom stage; when the nutrient solution is sprayed every time, 4mg/L of cherry male flower pollen of the same variety is added into the second nutrient solution. The total amount of spraying is 45 kg/mu each time.
Spraying 1 time of the first mixed solution (23mg/L gibberellic acid, 10mg/L CPPU and 0.3% gold calcium 100) in 2018, about 4 months and 7 days, namely 7 days after the flowering period, wherein the dosage is 60 kg/mu. Spraying 1 time of the second mixed solution (23mg/L gibberellic acid, 22mg/L CPPU and 0.3% gold calcium 100) about 13 days 4 months after 2018, namely 13 days after the flowering period, wherein the dosage is 75 kg/mu. Spraying 0.5% gold-calcium 100 aqueous solution for 1 time in about 21 days of 2018, 4 months and 21 days after the flowering period, wherein the dosage is 75 kg/mu.
Spraying the fruit setting liquid for 2 times at intervals of 5 days in 2018 from 5 days in 4 months to 18 days in 4 months (during the swelling period of young fruits). The first time is 4 months and 7 days in 2018, and the dosage is 90 kg/mu; the second time is 2018, 4 months and 12 days, and the dosage is 90 kg/mu; the third time is 2018, 4 months and 17 days, and the dosage is 90 kg/mu.
2. The base fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 12 parts of sheep manure, 2 parts of calcium superphosphate, 0.25 part of urea, 0.6 part of bacterial fertilizer, 0.01 part of boron-zinc fertilizer, 3 parts of cane sugar and 2.5 parts of chitosan.
According to the parts by weight, the used first nutrient solution is 8 parts of gibberellic acid, 6 parts of CPPU, 10 parts of urea, 7 parts of borax and 5 parts of amino acid complex cobalt, and is diluted by 1000 times by adding water.
The second nutrient solution is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 8 parts of gibberellic acid, 3 parts of CPPU and 4 parts of borax, and adding water to dilute the mixture by 1000 times.
The fruit setting liquid comprises the following components in parts by weight: 22 parts of glucose, 3 parts of ferric nitrate, 0.5 part of potassium chloride, 3 parts of urea, 7 parts of lactobacillus liquid (the mass fraction is 4.5%), 3.2 parts of sodium chloride, 3 parts of borax, 3 parts of glycine, 1 part of alanine, 1 part of brassinolide, 1.5 parts of polysorbate and 1 part of calcium caseinate.
3. The fruit setting rate of the sweet cherry planted by the method of the embodiment is 67.54 percent, and the hardness is 3.77kg/cm2And the content of soluble sugar is 12.8 percent.
Comparative example
The groups of comparative examples were set in the manner shown in Table 1, and the conditions not shown in Table 1 were the same as in example one.
TABLE 1 modified conditions for each group of comparative examples with reference to example one
| Group of | Modifying conditions |
| Group 1 | The fruit setting liquid does not use calcium caseinate |
| Group 2 | Replacement of calcium caseinate by gold calcium 100 in fruit setting liquid |
| Group 3 | In the second nutrient solution, the amount of pollen is 8mg/L |
| Group 4 | Planting according to the method of' CN103999700B |
The effect of each group after planting sweet cherries is shown in table 2.
Table 2 comparative examples each group planting effect demonstration
| Group of | Fruit setting rate | Hardness of kg/cm2 | Soluble sugar |
| Group 1 | 66.61 | 3.01 | 12.61 |
| Group 2 | 67.12 | 3.31 | 12.86 |
| Group 3 | 67.24 | 3.78 | 12.83 |
| Group 4 | 48.59 | 3.14 | 12.41 |
Claims (9)
1. A sweet cherry cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps: supplementing nutrients to cherry trees for at least 2 times within a time period from the late flowering period to the early fruiting period, wherein the supplemented nutrients at least comprise calcium ion-containing compounds;
spraying a second nutrient solution every 3-5 days in a full-bloom period, wherein cherry male flower pollen of the same variety with the concentration of 3-5 mg/L is added into the second nutrient solution;
in the cherry young fruit expanding period, spraying fruit setting liquid to cherry leaves and young fruits, wherein the fruit setting liquid comprises calcium caseinate and polysorbate.
2. The cultivation method of sweet cherries according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method for supplementing nutrition to cherry trees in the time period from the late flowering period to the early fruiting period comprises the following steps:
spraying a first mixed solution prepared from gibberellin, CPPU and gold calcium 100 5-7 days after the flowering season, wherein the gibberellin concentration is 20-25 mg/L, the CPPU concentration is 8-10 mg/L, and the gold calcium 100 concentration is 0.2-0.4% by mass fraction;
spraying a second mixed solution prepared from gibberellin, CPPU and gold calcium 100 12-14 days after the flowering season, wherein the concentration of gibberellin is 20-25 mg/L, the concentration of CPPU is 20-25 mg/L, and the concentration of gold calcium 100 is 0.2-0.4%;
spraying a gold-calcium 100 aqueous solution with the concentration of 0.3-0.5% 20-21 days after the flowering season, wherein the dosage is 75 kg/mu.
3. The cultivation method of sweet cherries according to claim 1, characterized in that: the fruit setting liquid comprises the following components in parts by weight: 18-26 parts of glucose, 2.5-4 parts of ferric nitrate, 0.3-0.8 part of potassium chloride, 2-5 parts of urea, 5-8 parts of lactobacillus liquid, 1.2-5.4 parts of sodium chloride, 3-4 parts of borax, 1.2-3.2 parts of glycine, 0.8-1.2 parts of alanine, 0.6-1.2 parts of brassinolide, 1-2 parts of polysorbate and 0.5-1 part of calcium caseinate.
4. The cultivation method of sweet cherries according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a soil with a pH value of 6.8-7.3 and sufficient sunshine as a planting field, digging a planting ditch, applying a base fertilizer to the planting ditch and covering soil;
(2) transplanting cherry seedlings into planting furrows, applying 1.0-1.5 kg of urea per mu, and maintaining the soil humidity at 60-70%;
(3) applying urea and diammonium phosphate to the cherry seedlings 10-15 days before the cherry seedlings sprout;
(4) spraying a first nutrient solution on the whole plant in the initial flowering phase, wherein the first nutrient solution comprises amino acid complex cobalt;
(5) spraying a second nutrient solution every 3-5 days in a full-bloom period, wherein cherry male flower pollen of the same variety with the concentration of 3-5 mg/L is added into the second nutrient solution;
(6) supplementing nutrients to cherry trees for at least 2 times within a time period from the late flowering period to the early fruiting period;
(7) and (3) spraying the fruit setting liquid to the leaves and the young fruits once every 3-5 days in the young fruit expansion period.
5. The cultivation method of sweet cherries according to claim 4, characterized in that: the base fertilizer in the step (1) comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of decomposed sheep manure, 2.5-3 parts of calcium superphosphate, 0.25-0.5 part of urea, 0.5-0.8 part of bacterial fertilizer, 0.01-0.02 part of boron-zinc fertilizer, 2-3 parts of cane sugar and 2-3 parts of chitosan.
6. The cultivation method of sweet cherries according to claim 5, characterized in that: the bacterial fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15 parts of bacillus subtilis, the viable bacteria amount of which is 200 hundred million CFU/ml, 2 parts of bacillus licheniformis, the viable bacteria amount of which is 200 hundred million CFU/g, 8 parts of diatomite, 1 part of chitosan, 5 parts of furfural residue, 5 parts of ammonium sulfate and 8 parts of potassium sulfate.
7. The cultivation method of sweet cherries according to claim 4, characterized in that: the method for applying the base fertilizer and covering soil in the step (1) comprises the following steps:
burying plant material near planting land with thickness of 20cm at the lower layer of the planting furrows, and compacting; and then backfilling a base fertilizer which is 30 centimeters thick and is mixed with surface soil, wherein the base fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: surface soil =1:15, trampled; surface soil with the thickness of 30-40 cm is filled in the upper layer and is parallel to the ground; and finally, building a soil layer which is about 30 cm higher than the ground.
8. The cultivation method of sweet cherries according to claim 4, characterized in that: the preparation method of the first nutrient solution in the step (4) comprises the following steps of: uniformly mixing 5-10 parts of gibberellic acid, 5-8 parts of CPPU, 8-10 parts of urea, 5-8 parts of borax and 3-6 parts of amino acid complex cobalt, and adding water to dilute by 800-1000 times.
9. The cultivation method of sweet cherries according to claim 4, characterized in that: the preparation method of the second nutrient solution in the step (5) comprises the following steps of: uniformly mixing 5-10 parts of gibberellic acid, 3-5 parts of CPPU and 3-5 parts of borax, and adding water to dilute by 800-1000 times.
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| CN112262849A (en) * | 2020-11-18 | 2021-01-26 | 宁波市鄞州区农业技术推广站 | Compound agent for improving fruit setting rate of southern sweet cherries and method for improving fruit setting rate of southern sweet cherries |
| CN112400590B (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2022-12-27 | 中国科学院成都生物研究所 | Water and fertilizer integrated application technology for sweet cherry orchard |
| CN114097522B (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-11-29 | 四川农业大学 | Sweet cherry cultivation method adopting reduced-application and synergistic effects of chemical fertilizer and pesticide |
| CN114600697B (en) * | 2022-03-23 | 2023-05-16 | 吴忠市红寺堡区百瑞源枸杞产业发展有限公司 | Fertilizing method for improving hardness of fresh wolfberry fruits |
| CN114885822B (en) * | 2022-04-15 | 2023-07-04 | 四川农业大学 | Sweet cherry cultivation management method |
| CN116034802B (en) * | 2023-02-15 | 2024-04-12 | 新疆农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Cultivation method for improving quality of small berry fruits |
| CN116616301B (en) * | 2023-05-22 | 2024-06-11 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Sweet cherry fruit-retaining composition, medicament and application thereof in promoting fruit setting of southern sweet cherry |
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