CN104041367B - A kind of large cherry Cultivate administration method - Google Patents
A kind of large cherry Cultivate administration method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Cultivate administration method of large cherry.Large cherry Cultivate administration method of the present invention adopts different management methods in suitable period, large cherry can be made to obtain best nutritional in each period, obtain optimum growh, simultaneously dedicated fertilizer is added by coated with resin agent and makes fertilizer to obtain slow-release function, the various elements of fertilizer are made to divide the growing nutrient element of slow releasing supply in period large cherry, in suitable period, fertilizer is sprayed to different parts respectively according to large cherry cyclogenesis process, make large cherry fruit-setting rate 59.2% and single fruit weight 35.3%, soluble solid reaches 19.8% after testing, large cherry fruit calcium content brings up to 158 milligrams/hectogram by common 11 milligrams/hectogram simultaneously.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural technology field, particularly a kind of large cherry Cultivate administration method.
Background technology
Large cherry, also claims Western cherry, and 19 century 70 Western missionaries and countrymen residing abroad import Yantai, Shandong into, is the general name of sweet cherry and sour cherry tree and crossbreed thereof, and the cherry originated in than China because of its fruit size is gained the name greatly.Because sour cherry and hybrid cherry cultivate quantity seldom, aborning so large cherry in general sense all refers to sweet cherry.Large cherry fruit contains abundant nutriment, and also adjustable middle beneficial spleen, regulating qi and activating blood, flat liver are reduced phlegm and internal heat, and are a kind of health fruits of promoting longevity, and expert is referred to as " vitamin pill ".The large taste of large cherry fruit is good, mean fruit weight 12 ~ 14 grams, maximum single fruit weight 18.2 grams, and be 4 ~ 6 times of common little cherry, large as kyoto grape, the little meat of core is thick, and belong to meat type, sweet and sour taste, edible rate reaches more than 95%, skin depth, long fresh-keeping period, storage tolerance.Large cherry, except eating raw, also can be processed into fruit juice, preserved fruit, jam, fruit wine etc.
Current large cherry Cultivate administration exist the Term Fertilization time improper, select kind improper, and problems such as management implantation methods is unreasonable adopted, make the yielding poorly of large cherry, the problem such as of low quality.And large cherry does not have special fertilizer, generally there is no slow-release function yet, Fertilizer nutrient element is not comprehensive in addition, cherry fertilizer in process of growth is caused effectively not absorb and utilize, thus cause the later stage malnutritive, in fertilising process, also need the opportunity of reasonably adjustment fertilising in addition, cause nutritional imbalance and fertilizer absorption rate low, cause large cherry to yield poorly.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: technical problem to be solved by this invention there is provided a kind of Cultivate administration method of large cherry.
Technical scheme: in order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of Cultivate administration method of large cherry, comprises the following steps:
1) resting stage management: when late November to early Febuary, whitewashes trunk, Qing Yuan, removing sick fruit, sick leaf, sick branch early and waters freeze-up water after tree body drop leaf; Carry out greenhouse by solar heat after late January or add the plastic tunnel being incubated measure of heating detaining canopy intensification; Be not incubated, the plastic tunnel of measure of heating is at early and middle ten days button canopy in February;
2) management before rudiment: mid-February topdresses to early March; There are use 10 ~ 20 times of K84 of root knot to fill with root, after having the spirit of the multiple-effect of the use 10 ~ 14.5% of root rot to fill with root, use that soil activating agent process soil beauteously again; Outdoor cropping before late Febuary germination, sprays 5 Baume degrees lime sulfurs, 5% ~ 10% urea and 0.5% ~ 1.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and roots out bacterium source of surviving the winter;
3) blooming period management: at mid or late March to early April, carry out florescence artificial supplementary pollination to roll in order to pollination mutually between the tree of different cultivars with feather duster, honeybee is put in orchard, sprays 0.1% ~ 0.5% borax, 10 ~ 30mg/l bears fruit spirit, 200 ~ 400 times of that nutrient solution, 800 ~ 1200 times of humus, 0.4% ~ 0.6% urea and 0.2% ~ 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphates beauteously at full-bloom stage;
4) young fruit period management: in early April to early and middle ten days in May, every spray in 10 ~ 15 days 200 ~ 400 times of that nutrient solution, 800 ~ 1200 times of humus, 0.2% ~ 0.4% gold medal calcium 100,0.2% ~ 0.4% sodium tetraborate and 0.4% ~ 0.6% urea, altogether sprays 4 times beauteously; Timely adjustment soil moisture to 60% ~ 80%;
5) fruit maturation period management: in the first tenday period of a month in May to early June, summer pruning is carried out in time after the fruit picking of fruiting period tree, regulate ventilation and penetrating light, spray the Avermectin 800 ~ 1200 times of 1.6% ~ 2.0%, 500 times of mancozebs and 150-200 doubly 14% ~ 16% paclobutrazol simultaneously;
6) flower_bud formation period management: mid-June is to late August, impose flower bud differentiation fertilizer in time after fruit picking, generally every mu imposes 301 bio-bacterial manure 80-100 kilograms and high nitrogen and potassium composite fertilizer 30 kilograms, 0.5% urea, 1:2:200 times bordeaux mixture, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate;
7) the slow growing season management of young sprout: September is to October, carry out autumn basal dressing: application of organic fertilizers is sheep excrement or cow dung, the former proportion adjustment N P and K strictly press 1:0.2:1.2, and after 301 bacterium are fermented or directly apply 301 biological organic fertilizer every mu of 300-500 kilogram; Fertilizing method can ring-type ditch spread or bar ditch spread, also can interlacing fertilising;
8) vegetative storage period management: November, attention control early defoliation disease, find that 25% d ichlorbenzuron No. 3 suspending agents 1000 times are sprayed in insect pest in time, the last week of fallen leaves can spray 1-2% urea to early December.
Described step 2) in topdress adopt be large cherry dedicated fertilizer, described dedicated fertilizer according to parts by weight comprise following component composition: 30 ~ 80 parts, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2 ~ 10 parts, potassium sulfate 30 ~ 80 parts, borax 1 ~ 5 part, 2 ~ 8 parts, ferrous sulfate, sterling zinc fertilizer 1 ~ 5 part, ammonium molybdate 2 ~ 8 parts, 2 ~ 10 parts, calcium carbonate, coated with resin agent 2 ~ 5 parts.
Wherein, above-mentioned coated with resin agent comprises bisphenol A type epoxy resin 80 ~ 90 parts, aluminium polychloride 2 ~ 5 parts, repefral 2 ~ 5 parts.
Wherein, the preparation method of above-mentioned fertilizer comprises the following steps:
1) preparation of coated with resin agent: according to parts by weight bisphenol A type epoxy resin according to claim 3, aluminium polychloride, repefral mixing, put into ethanolic solution and obtain coating agent;
2) preparation of fertiliser granulates: urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium sulfate, borax, ferrous sulfate, sterling zinc fertilizer, ammonium molybdate and calcium carbonate are mixed to get fertiliser granulates according to parts by weight according to claim 2 in mixing machine, fertiliser granulates is placed on fluid bed, EAT is 40 ~ 50 degrees Celsius, and leaving air temp is 30 ~ 40 degrees Celsius;
3) preparation of large cherry dedicated fertilizer: coating agent and fluid bed are hindered fertiliser granulates mixes and can obtain fertilizer, the sprinkler pressure on described fluid bed is 0.08 ~ 0.25pa, and compressed-air actuated pressure is 0.5 ~ 0.75pa, and flow is 800 ~ 1200ml/h.
Wherein, above-mentioned steps 3) in coating agent and the weight ratio of fertiliser granulates be 1:10 ~ 20.
The present invention also bears fruit improve large cherry fruit-setting rate 59.95% by using growth regulator induction in vegetative period, reaches the order that treelet early bearing is early rich.
Beneficial effect: the present invention is relative to prior art, have the following advantages: large cherry Cultivate administration method of the present invention adopts different management methods in suitable period, large cherry can be made to obtain best nutritional in each period, obtain optimum growh, simultaneously dedicated fertilizer is added by coated with resin agent and makes fertilizer to obtain slow-release function, the various elements of fertilizer are made to divide the growing nutrient element of slow releasing supply in period large cherry, in suitable period, fertilizer is sprayed to different parts respectively according to large cherry cyclogenesis process, make large cherry fruit-setting rate 59.2% and single fruit weight 35.3%, soluble solid reaches 19.8% after testing, large cherry fruit calcium content brings up to 158 milligrams/hectogram by common 11 milligrams/hectogram simultaneously, not only increase the disease resistance of tree body, significantly reduce the investment of agricultural chemicals, also for functional supplementary calcium food exploitation is laid a good foundation.The present invention also bears fruit improve large cherry fruit-setting rate 59.95% by using growth regulator induction in vegetative period, reaches the order that treelet early bearing is early rich.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, illustrate the present invention further, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Embodiment 1
One, resting stage management (late November is to early Febuary)
1, trunk to be whitewashed after setting body drop leaf early, clear garden is removed sick fruit, sick leaf, sick branch and waters freeze-up water.
2, after 1 last ten-days period, our province has met the low temperature chilling requirement of large cherry, greenhouse by solar heat can be carried out or have insulation, the plastic tunnel of measure of heating can detain canopy heat up; Be not incubated, the plastic tunnel of measure of heating is at early and middle ten days button canopy in February.
3, carry out winter pruning in time, treelet, to be shaped as master, notes the first transaction of a day's business major branch angle; The first fruit phase sets and puts based on slow, and attentional manipulation is outer strong and by force upper, thorax fruit-bearing shoot cluster in cultivation; Trees in richful production period, based on cultivation, rejuvenation, renewal fruit bearing shoot, under pressing down upper urging, regulates quantity and the distribution of bud.Wipe out sick branch simultaneously, strike off always to stick up skin and concentrate and burn.
Two, management before rudiment (in 2 months-early March)
1, topdress: mid-February chases after available N fertilizer in time by output demand, improve Nitrogen Nutrition in tree body, Accelerate bloom result, improve output.Often produce 100 kilograms of fruits in principle and chase after quick-acting carbon ammonium or 5 kilograms, ammonium sulfate, non-bearing-age tree every mu chases after 30 kilograms.Pour water in time after topdressing, arrange tree dish, covering with plastic film, in order to Meteorological effect.
2, the K84 of the use 10 times of root knot is had to fill with root.After having the available 14.5% multiple-effect spirit of root rot to fill with root, then use that soil activating agent (500 grams add 150 grams of detritus acid) beauteously to process soil, improve the penetrating environment of soil, alleviate the generation of disease.
3, greenhouse culture strictly should control day temperature less than 23 DEG C, evening temperature more than 10 DEG C, humidity 70-80%, florescence humidity less than 50%, in order to Pollination Fertilization.Put honeybee or artificial pollination raising fruit-setting rate simultaneously.
4, late Febuary germinate before outdoor cropping, spray 5 Baume degrees lime sulfurs and add 5% urea and add 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, root out bacterium source of surviving the winter, supplement trunk infusion, improve tree body comprehensive resistance, reduce the generation of damage by disease and insect in the coming year, increase cell sap concentration simultaneously and play the effect preventing late frost from endangering.
5, carry out spending front complex shears, overstocked bud of erasing, competition bud, saw kerf bud, stock bud etc.
6, the scabs such as rot, dry rot, gummosis are scraped control the coating topsin of 500 times (the 5 Baume degrees lime sulfurs or), with the hole of the blocking branch-trunk insect such as poison label.
7, now support branch just, draw the preferably period of an angle of release, can need by branch bar to suitable angle according to tree-like, general major branch angle should be pulled to 70-80 degree.
Three, blooming period management (down to early April in 3 months)
1, the cherry in greenhouse has started painted maturation, and suitably should take off film increases illumination, promotes painted.
2, pass through according to weather forecast florescence alternation of pouring water on a small quantity before spending, prevent Snow coverage.
3, carry out florescence artificial supplementary pollination to roll in order to pollination mutually between different cultivars tree with feather duster, honeybee is put in orchard, and spray 0.3% borax at full-bloom stage and add clever 20mg/l induction of bearing fruit and bear fruit, add spray 300 doubly beauteously that nutrient solution add 1000 times of detritus acid and add 0.5% urea and foliage fertilizer 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and supplement trunk infusion and improve fruit-setting rate.
4, flower thinning is carried out to trees in richful production period.Complex shears, adjustment floral leaf bud ratio are carried out in time to the large tree of flower amount, is thinning out the weak flower of overstocked mistake, malformed flower, regulates output balance tree vigo(u)r.
5, in time artificial control's apple rain beetle, east chafer and young garden big gourdshaped weevil first or with black light lamp or syrupacetiacid bait trap.
Four, young fruit period management (to early and middle ten days in May on April)
1, within every 10 days, once spray altogether 4 sprays 300 times beauteously that nutrient solution add 1000 times of detritus acid and add 0.3% gold medal calcium 100 and add 0.3% sodium tetraborate and add 0.5% urea and supplement trunk infusion, promote fruit development, prevent physiological fallen fruit, improve fruit calcium content control dehiscent fruit, improve quality.
2, red neck longicorn is prevented and treated with the worm channel that poison is signed or phosphatization aluminium flake blocks on limb in time.
3, fruit thinning regulates tree load capacity in time, prevents the weak generation causing disease of tree vigo(u)r.Tree crown lower berth silver reflective membrane simultaneously, can promote that fruit color is even, increase its vividness, improve its marketing quality.
4, water little water in time during arid, regulate between soil moisture to 60-80%, be sure not overdrying or excessively wet, prevent because of water metabolism offset influence fruit development, cause dehiscent fruit.
5, excessive to result quantities tree body suitably will be mended and execute natural pond liquid fertilizer or composite fertilizer.In case the weak generation causing root rot of tree vigo(u)r.
Five, fruit maturation period management (the first tenday period of a month in May are to early June)
1, birds often like when fruit maturation fruit of pecking at, and can bury dummy underground or manually drive.
2, water stone water and be conducive to Fruit, generally can increase production 20% ~ 30%.
2, summer pruning is carried out in time after the fruit picking of fruiting period tree, regulate ventilation and penetrating light, spray simultaneously the insect such as Avermectin 1000 times control two spotted spider mite leaf roller, leaf miner class of 1.8% cause harm add 500 times of mancozebs prevent and treat shothole disease add spray 150-200 doubly 15% paclobutrazol improve the regularity of flower bud differentiation, for next year high yield lays the foundation.
3, the above treelet of 2 years late Mays life sprays the formation of 100 times of paclobutrazols control tree vigo(u)r floral bud induction in time.
4, gather: gently will adopt, put down gently, avoid damaging fruit, should gather by stages and in groups.Avoid damage bouquet shape fruit branch, in order to avoid the lower annual production of impact.
Six, flower_bud formation period management (mid-June is to late August)
1, impose flower bud differentiation fertilizer in time after fruit picking, generally every mu imposes 301 bio-bacterial manure 80-100 kilogram and increases nitrogen height K composite fertilizer 30 kilograms, and improvement soil, improves utilization rate of fertilizer, prevent the generation of root diseases, pour water in time after fertilising.Also can add spray 0.5% urea in conjunction with spray medicine and add 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
2, mid or late June sprays 1:2:200 times of bordeaux mixture in time and prevents and treats shothole disease, early defoliation disease etc.
3, enter high temperature season June, because cherry root system is more shallow, cover grass and can reduce the injury of high temperature to superficial roots, also can play moisture-keeping function, be conducive to the flower bud differentiation promoting cherry.But soil property sticks heavy level land and waterlogged lowland and should not advocate and cover grass, in case high humidity causes the generation of root diseases.
4, early August sprays 25% d ichlorbenzuron No. 3 suspending agents 1000 in time and doubly prevents and treats the insects such as boat-shaped caterpillar.
5, drainage waterlogging prevention is noted, timely intertill and clean tillage after rain after entering rainy season to August in 7.
Seven, young sprout slow vegetative period (9-10 month)
1, note the generation of damage by disease and insect, protect blade, for next year high yield lays the foundation.
2, autumn basal dressing: carry out meticulous fertilizing management by yield target; Due to cherry happiness high nitrogen and potassium, relatively less to the requirement of phosphate fertilizer, therefore optimum fertilizer is sheep excrement or cow dung, high yield garden jin fruit 2 jin of fertilizers will be reached in principle, strictly to press the proportion adjustment N P and K of 1:0.2:1.2 simultaneously, and apply or directly apply 301 biological organic fertilizer every mu of 300-500 kilogram again after 301 bacterium fermentations.Fertilizing method can ring-type ditch spread or bar ditch spread, also can interlacing fertilising.
Eight, the vegetative storage phase (November is to early December)
1, protect the work that blade is this phase most important, most critical, so want attention control early defoliation disease, find that 25% d ichlorbenzuron No. 3 suspending agents 1000 times are sprayed in insect pest in time.
2, timely and appropriate discovery waters, and prevents arid.
3,1-2% urea can be sprayed in the last week of fallen leaves, to increase trunk infusion accumulation.
4, clean orchard in time, fallen leaves, residual branch are collected one and reinstated 301 bacterium fermenting and producing fertilizers or concentrate buried.To eliminate winter damage by disease and insect.
5, fill with once permeable before late December frozen soil, to meet the needs of winter-spring season large cherry to moisture, prevent because of lack of water generation stripping.
The large cherry dedicated fertilizer used, comprises following component composition according to parts by weight: 30 parts, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2 parts, potassium sulfate 30 parts, borax 1 part, 2 parts, ferrous sulfate, sterling zinc fertilizer 1 part, ammonium molybdate 2 parts, 2 parts, calcium carbonate, coated with resin agent 2 parts.
Coated with resin agent comprises bisphenol A type epoxy resin 80 parts, aluminium polychloride 2 parts, repefral 2 parts.
A preparation method for large cherry dedicated fertilizer, comprises the following steps:
1) preparation of coated with resin agent: according to above-mentioned parts by weight, bisphenol A type epoxy resin, aluminium polychloride and repefral are mixed, put into ethanolic solution and obtain coating agent; Described volumes of aqueous ethanol is 200ml, and mass concentration is 85%.
2) preparation of fertiliser granulates: urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium sulfate, borax, ferrous sulfate, sterling zinc fertilizer, ammonium molybdate and calcium carbonate are mixed to get fertiliser granulates according to above-mentioned parts by weight in mixing machine, fertiliser granulates is placed on fluid bed, EAT is 40 degrees Celsius, and leaving air temp is 30 degrees Celsius;
3) preparation of large cherry dedicated fertilizer: coating agent and fluid bed are hindered fertiliser granulates mixes and can obtain fertilizer, the sprinkler pressure on described fluid bed is 0.08pa, and compressed-air actuated pressure is 0.5pa, and flow is 800ml/h.
Coating agent in step 3) and the weight ratio of fertiliser granulates are 1:10.
Use growth regulator induction in vegetative period to bear fruit and improve large cherry fruit-setting rate and reach 54.95%, reach the order that treelet early bearing is early rich.
Embodiment 2
1) resting stage management: when late November to early Febuary, whitewashes trunk, Qing Yuan, removing sick fruit, sick leaf, sick branch early and waters freeze-up water after tree body drop leaf; Carry out greenhouse by solar heat after late January or add the plastic tunnel being incubated measure of heating detaining canopy intensification; Be not incubated, the plastic tunnel of measure of heating is at early and middle ten days button canopy in February;
2) management before rudiment: mid-February topdresses to early March; There are use 10 ~ 20 times of K84 of root knot to fill with root, after having the spirit of the multiple-effect of the use 10% of root rot to fill with root, use that soil activating agent process soil beauteously again; Outdoor cropping before late Febuary germination, sprays 5 Baume degrees lime sulfurs, 5%% urea and 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and roots out bacterium source of surviving the winter;
3) blooming period management: at mid or late March to early April, carry out florescence artificial supplementary pollination to roll in order to pollination mutually between the tree of different cultivars with feather duster, honeybee is put in orchard, sprays 0.1% borax, 10mg/l bears fruit spirit, 200 times of that nutrient solution, 800 times of humus, 0.4% urea and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphates beauteously at full-bloom stage;
4) young fruit period management: in early April to early and middle ten days in May, every spray in 10 days 200 times of that nutrient solution, 800 ~ 1200 times of humus, 0.2% gold medal calcium 100,0.2% sodium tetraborate and 0.4% urea, altogether sprays 4 times beauteously; Timely adjustment soil moisture to 60%;
5) fruit maturation period management: in the first tenday period of a month in May to early June, carries out summer pruning in time after the fruit picking of fruiting period tree, regulates ventilation and penetrating light, spray the Avermectin 800 times of 1.6%, 500 times of mancozebs and 150 times of 14% paclobutrazol simultaneously;
6) flower_bud formation period management: mid-June is to late August, impose flower bud differentiation fertilizer in time after fruit picking, generally every mu imposes 301 bio-bacterial manure 80 kilograms and high nitrogen and potassium composite fertilizer 30 kilograms, 0.5% urea, 1:2:200 times bordeaux mixture, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate;
7) the slow growing season management of young sprout: September is to October, carry out autumn basal dressing: application of organic fertilizers is sheep excrement or cow dung, the former proportion adjustment N P and K strictly press 1:0.2:1.2, and after 301 bacterium are fermented or directly apply 301 biological organic fertilizer every mu of 300-500 kilogram; Fertilizing method can ring-type ditch spread or bar ditch spread, also can interlacing fertilising;
8) vegetative storage period management: November, attention control early defoliation disease, find that 25% d ichlorbenzuron No. 3 suspending agents 1000 times are sprayed in insect pest in time, the last week of fallen leaves can spray 1-2% urea to early December.
Step 2) in topdress adopt be large cherry dedicated fertilizer, described dedicated fertilizer according to parts by weight comprise following component composition: 80 parts, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 10 parts, potassium sulfate 80 parts, borax 5 parts, 8 parts, ferrous sulfate, sterling zinc fertilizer 5 parts, ammonium molybdate 8 parts, 10 parts, calcium carbonate, coated with resin agent 5 parts.
Wherein, above-mentioned coated with resin agent comprises bisphenol A type epoxy resin 90 parts, aluminium polychloride 5 parts, repefral 5 parts.
A preparation method for large cherry dedicated fertilizer, comprises the following steps:
1) preparation of coated with resin agent: according to above-mentioned parts by weight, bisphenol A type epoxy resin, aluminium polychloride and repefral are mixed, put into ethanolic solution and obtain coating agent; Described volumes of aqueous ethanol is 200ml, and mass concentration is 85%;
2) preparation of fertiliser granulates: urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium sulfate, borax, ferrous sulfate, sterling zinc fertilizer, ammonium molybdate and calcium carbonate are mixed to get fertiliser granulates according to above-mentioned parts by weight in mixing machine, fertiliser granulates is placed on fluid bed, EAT is 50 degrees Celsius, and leaving air temp is 40 degrees Celsius;
3) preparation of large cherry dedicated fertilizer: coating agent and fluid bed are hindered fertiliser granulates mixes and can obtain fertilizer, the sprinkler pressure on described fluid bed is 0.25pa, and compressed-air actuated pressure is 0.75pa, and flow is 1200ml/h.
Coating agent in step 3) and the weight ratio of fertiliser granulates are 1:20.
Use growth regulator induction in vegetative period to bear fruit and improve large cherry fruit-setting rate and reach 59.1%, reach the order that treelet early bearing is early rich.
Embodiment 3:
1) resting stage management: when late November to early Febuary, whitewashes trunk, Qing Yuan, removing sick fruit, sick leaf, sick branch early and waters freeze-up water after tree body drop leaf; Carry out greenhouse by solar heat after late January or add the plastic tunnel being incubated measure of heating detaining canopy intensification; Be not incubated, the plastic tunnel of measure of heating is at early and middle ten days button canopy in February;
2) management before rudiment: mid-February topdresses to early March; There are use 20 times of K84 of root knot to fill with root, after having the spirit of the multiple-effect of the use 12% of root rot to fill with root, use that soil activating agent process soil beauteously again; Outdoor cropping before late Febuary germination, sprays 5 Baume degrees lime sulfurs, 10% urea and 1.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and roots out bacterium source of surviving the winter;
3) blooming period management: at mid or late March to early April, carry out florescence artificial supplementary pollination to roll in order to pollination mutually between the tree of different cultivars with feather duster, honeybee is put in orchard, sprays 0.5% borax, 30mg/l bears fruit spirit, 400 times of that nutrient solution, 1200 times of humus, 0.6% urea and 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphates beauteously at full-bloom stage;
4) young fruit period management: in early April to early and middle ten days in May, every spray in 15 days 400 times of that nutrient solution, 1200 times of humus, 0.4% gold medal calcium 100,0.4% sodium tetraborate and 0.6% urea, altogether sprays 4 times beauteously; Timely adjustment soil moisture to 80%;
5) fruit maturation period management: in the first tenday period of a month in May to early June, carries out summer pruning in time after the fruit picking of fruiting period tree, regulates ventilation and penetrating light, spray the Avermectin 1200 times of 2.0%, 500 times of mancozebs and 200 times of 16% paclobutrazol simultaneously;
6) flower_bud formation period management: mid-June is to late August, impose flower bud differentiation fertilizer in time after fruit picking, generally every mu imposes 301 bio-bacterial manure 100 kilograms and high nitrogen and potassium composite fertilizer 30 kilograms, 0.5% urea, 1:2:200 times bordeaux mixture, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate;
7) the slow growing season management of young sprout: September, to October, carries out autumn basal dressing: application of organic fertilizers is sheep excrement or cow dung, the former proportion adjustment N P and K strictly press 1:0.2:1.2, and after 301 bacterium are fermented or directly apply 301 biological organic fertilizer 500 kilograms every mu; Fertilizing method can ring-type ditch spread or bar ditch spread, also can interlacing fertilising;
8) vegetative storage period management: November, attention control early defoliation disease, find that 25% d ichlorbenzuron No. 3 suspending agents 1000 times are sprayed in insect pest in time, the last week of fallen leaves can spray 2% urea to early December.
Described step 2) in topdress adopt be large cherry dedicated fertilizer, described dedicated fertilizer according to parts by weight comprise following component composition: 55 parts, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 6 parts, potassium sulfate 55 parts, borax 3 parts, 5 parts, ferrous sulfate, sterling zinc fertilizer 3 parts, ammonium molybdate 5 parts, 6 parts, calcium carbonate, coated with resin agent 3 parts.
Wherein, above-mentioned coated with resin agent comprises bisphenol A type epoxy resin 85 parts, aluminium polychloride 3 parts, repefral 3 parts.
The preparation method of large cherry dedicated fertilizer, comprises the following steps:
11) preparation of coated with resin agent: according to above-mentioned parts by weight, bisphenol A type epoxy resin, aluminium polychloride and repefral are mixed, put into ethanolic solution and obtain coating agent; Described volumes of aqueous ethanol is 200ml, and mass concentration is 85%;
2) preparation of fertiliser granulates: urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium sulfate, borax, ferrous sulfate, sterling zinc fertilizer, ammonium molybdate and calcium carbonate are mixed to get fertiliser granulates according to above-mentioned parts by weight in mixing machine, fertiliser granulates is placed on fluid bed, EAT is 45 degrees Celsius, and leaving air temp is 35 degrees Celsius;
3) preparation of large cherry dedicated fertilizer: coating agent and fluid bed are hindered fertiliser granulates mixes and can obtain fertilizer, the sprinkler pressure on described fluid bed is 0.15pa, and compressed-air actuated pressure is 0.6pa, and flow is 1000ml/h.
Coating agent in step 3) and the weight ratio of fertiliser granulates are 1:15.
Large cherry fruit-setting rate 59.2% and single fruit weight 35.3%, soluble solid reaches 19.8% after testing, large cherry fruit calcium content brings up to 158 milligrams/hectogram by common 11 milligrams/hectogram simultaneously, not only increases the disease resistance of tree body, significantly reduces the investment of agricultural chemicals.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; be noted that for those skilled in the art; under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a Cultivate administration method for large cherry, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
1) resting stage management: when late November to early Febuary, whitewashes trunk, Qing Yuan, removing sick fruit, sick leaf, sick branch early and waters freeze-up water after tree body drop leaf; Carry out greenhouse by solar heat after late January or add the plastic tunnel button canopy being incubated measure of heating heating up; Be not incubated, the plastic tunnel of measure of heating is at early and middle ten days button canopy in February;
2) management before rudiment: mid-February topdresses to early March; There are use 10 ~ 20 times of K84 of root knot to fill with root, after having the spirit of the multiple-effect of the use 10 ~ 14.5% of root rot to fill with root, use that soil activating agent process soil beauteously again; Outdoor cropping before late Febuary germination, sprays 5 Baume degrees lime sulfurs, 5% ~ 10% urea and 0.5% ~ 1.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and roots out bacterium source of surviving the winter;
3) blooming period management: at mid or late March to early April, carry out florescence artificial supplementary pollination feather duster to roll in order to pollination mutually between the tree of different cultivars, honeybee is put in orchard, sprays 0.1% ~ 0.5% borax, 10 ~ 30mg/l bears fruit spirit, 200 ~ 400 times of that nutrient solution, 800 ~ 1200 times of humus, 0.4% ~ 0.6% urea and 0.2% ~ 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphates beauteously at full-bloom stage;
4) young fruit period management: in early April to early and middle ten days in May, every spray in 10 ~ 15 days 200 ~ 400 times of that nutrient solution, 800 ~ 1200 times of humus, 0.2% ~ 0.4% gold medal calcium 100,0.2% ~ 0.4% sodium tetraborate and 0.4% ~ 0.6% urea, altogether sprays 4 times beauteously; Timely adjustment soil moisture to 60% ~ 80%;
5) fruit maturation period management: in the first tenday period of a month in May to early June, summer pruning is carried out in time after the fruit picking of fruiting period tree, regulate ventilation and penetrating light, spray the Avermectin 800 ~ 1200 times of 1.6% ~ 2.0%, 500 times of mancozebs and 150-200 doubly 14% ~ 16% paclobutrazol simultaneously;
6) flower_bud formation period management: mid-June is to late August, impose flower bud differentiation fertilizer in time after fruit picking, generally every mu imposes 301 bio-bacterial manure 80-100 kilograms and high nitrogen and potassium composite fertilizer 30 kilograms, 0.5% urea, 1:2:200 times bordeaux mixture, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate;
7) the slow growing season management of young sprout: September is to October, carry out autumn basal dressing: application of organic fertilizers is sheep excrement or cow dung, the former proportion adjustment N P and K strictly press 1:0.2:1.2, and after 301 bacterium are fermented or directly apply 301 biological organic fertilizer every mu of 300-500 kilogram; The ditch spread of fertilizing method ring-type or bar ditch spread, or interlacing fertilising;
8) vegetative storage period management: November, attention control early defoliation disease, find that 25% d ichlorbenzuron No. 3 suspending agents 1000 times are sprayed in insect pest in time, the last week of fallen leaves sprayed 1-2% urea to early December.
2. a kind of large cherry Cultivate administration method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described step 2) in topdress adopt be large cherry dedicated fertilizer, described dedicated fertilizer according to parts by weight comprise following component composition: 30 ~ 80 parts, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2 ~ 10 parts, potassium sulfate 30 ~ 80 parts, borax 1 ~ 5 part, 2 ~ 8 parts, ferrous sulfate, sterling zinc fertilizer 1 ~ 5 part, ammonium molybdate 2 ~ 8 parts, 2 ~ 10 parts, calcium carbonate, coated with resin agent 2 ~ 5 parts.
3. a kind of large cherry Cultivate administration method according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described coated with resin agent comprises bisphenol A type epoxy resin 80 ~ 90 parts, aluminium polychloride 2 ~ 5 parts, repefral 2 ~ 5 parts.
4. a kind of large cherry Cultivate administration method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, the preparation method of described fertilizer comprises the following steps:
1) preparation of coated with resin agent: according to parts by weight bisphenol A type epoxy resin according to claim 3, aluminium polychloride, repefral mixing, put into ethanolic solution and obtain coating agent;
2) preparation of fertiliser granulates: urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium sulfate, borax, ferrous sulfate, sterling zinc fertilizer, ammonium molybdate and calcium carbonate are mixed to get fertiliser granulates according to parts by weight according to claim 2 in mixing machine, fertiliser granulates is placed on fluid bed, EAT is 40 ~ 50 degrees Celsius, and leaving air temp is 30 ~ 40 degrees Celsius;
3) preparation of large cherry dedicated fertilizer: coating agent mixed can obtain fertilizer with the fertiliser granulates on fluid bed, the sprinkler pressure on described fluid bed is 0.08 ~ 0.25pa, and compressed-air actuated pressure is 0.5 ~ 0.75pa, and flow is 800 ~ 1200ml/h.
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