CN111277095A - Shunt-excited direct current motor - Google Patents

Shunt-excited direct current motor Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111277095A
CN111277095A CN201811177664.XA CN201811177664A CN111277095A CN 111277095 A CN111277095 A CN 111277095A CN 201811177664 A CN201811177664 A CN 201811177664A CN 111277095 A CN111277095 A CN 111277095A
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Prior art keywords
brushes
terminals
pairs
excitation
direct current
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Inventor
金爱娟
李少龙
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University of Shanghai for Science and Technology
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University of Shanghai for Science and Technology
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Priority to CN201811177664.XA priority Critical patent/CN111277095A/en
Priority to US17/056,791 priority patent/US11355973B2/en
Priority to PCT/CN2018/114622 priority patent/WO2020073405A1/en
Publication of CN111277095A publication Critical patent/CN111277095A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K23/00—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors
    • H02K23/02—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors characterised by arrangement for exciting
    • H02K23/06—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors characterised by arrangement for exciting having shunt connection of excitation windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K13/00—Structural associations of current collectors with motors or generators, e.g. brush mounting plates or connections to windings; Disposition of current collectors in motors or generators; Arrangements for improving commutation
    • H02K13/10—Arrangements of brushes or commutators specially adapted for improving commutation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K23/00—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors
    • H02K23/26—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors characterised by the armature windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/28—Layout of windings or of connections between windings

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc Machiner (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a shunt excitation DC motor, which is connected with m pairs of power output terminals formed by at least one DC power supply, and comprises: a housing; m pairs of electric brushes; a stator including m pairs of main poles corresponding to the m pairs of brushes and including an excitation winding portion; the rotor is provided with an excitation winding part, wherein the excitation winding part comprises m excitation winding units corresponding to m pairs of main poles respectively, an insulated conductor bar in each excitation winding unit is provided with one end and the other end, the m ends are connected with the m S pole corresponding electric brushes to form m first terminals, and the m other ends are connected with the m N pole corresponding electric brushes to form m second terminals; or m one ends are connected with m N pole corresponding electric brushes to form m first wiring ends, meanwhile, m other ends are connected with m S pole corresponding electric brushes to form m second wiring ends, the m first wiring ends and the m second wiring ends respectively and correspondingly form m-to-external wiring terminals, and m is a positive integer not less than 2.

Description

Shunt-excited direct current motor
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of direct current motors, and particularly relates to a shunt excitation direct current motor.
Background
The excitation winding and the armature winding of the shunt excitation direct current motor are connected in parallel and share the same power supply, and the shunt excitation direct current motor has the advantages of good speed regulation performance, large starting torque, strong overload capacity and the like, and is widely applied to rolling mills, electric locomotives, large machine tool spindle transmission systems, ships and the like.
The DC motor is generally used together with a chopper to form a speed regulating device of the DC motor, and in order to ensure the reliability of a system, the maximum output current of the chopper is generally 2 to 3 times of the rated current of the motor. The high-power high-performance direct current motor, especially the low-voltage high-current direct current motor, needs a chopper with large continuous working current, and related technologies and products are controlled and monopolized by individual countries and companies, so that the price is very high, and the output current value of the chopper for the high-performance motor which can be purchased in the market is only below one thousand amperes, which seriously restricts and influences the development of the low-voltage high-current direct current motor.
The chopper adopts the pulse width modulation technology to control the on-off of the power switch tube to change the output voltage and the output current, the size of the output current ripple is inversely proportional to the switching frequency of the power switch tube, and the size of the switching frequency of the power switch tube is directly proportional to the switching loss (or temperature rise and fault rate). And the motor output torque ripple is proportional to the square of the current ripple. Therefore, in order to reduce the motor output torque ripple or reduce the current ripple, it is necessary to increase the switching frequency; in order to reduce the switching losses, the switching frequency must be reduced. This contradiction affects the development of speed regulating device for high power and high performance DC motor. Which makes it difficult to apply to devices such as numerically controlled machine tools, which have high requirements for torque ripple.
The shunt excitation direct current motor applied to the national defense equipment is particularly sensitive to vibration and electromagnetic interference due to stealth requirements, namely the ripple requirements on the output torque of the motor and the ripple requirements on the current are particularly strict. At present, the traditional shunt excitation direct current motor applied to high-power national defense electric equipment is difficult to deal with the detection technology with the increasingly developed technology.
For the reasons, the development of a high-power shunt-excited direct-current motor is restricted and influenced, and economic construction and national defense construction are influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a shunt excitation dc motor.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a shunt excitation direct current motor, which is connected with m pairs of power output terminals formed by at least one direct current power supply and has rated input current, and is characterized by comprising the following components: a housing; m pairs of electric brushes are fixed in the shell and are arranged according to rated input current; a stator disposed in the case, including m pairs of main poles corresponding to the m pairs of brushes and including an excitation winding portion; and a rotor disposed in the stator and including a plurality of armature windings coupled to each other by a predetermined coupling method, wherein each pair of main poles includes an S-polarity main pole and an N-polarity main pole, the polarities of the adjacent 2 main poles are different, the 2 brushes of each pair are adjacent to each other, each pair of brushes includes an S-pole corresponding brush corresponding to the S-polarity main pole and an N-pole corresponding brush corresponding to the N-polarity main pole, an excitation winding portion includes m excitation winding units corresponding to the m pairs of main poles, each excitation winding unit is formed by making excitation coils on the corresponding pair of main poles through an insulating conductor bar made of a metal wire coated with an insulating layer, the insulating conductor bar in each excitation winding unit has one end and the other end, and the m ends of all the insulating conductor bars are electrically connected to the m S-pole corresponding brushes of all the brushes to form m excitation coils The m other ends of all the insulated conductor bars are electrically connected with the m N poles of all the electric brushes to form m second terminals; or m one ends of all the insulated conductor bars are electrically connected with m N pole corresponding brushes in all the brushes to form m first wiring ends, meanwhile, m other ends of all the insulated conductor bars are electrically connected with m S pole corresponding brushes in all the brushes to form m second wiring ends, the m first wiring ends and the m second wiring ends respectively form m pairs of external wiring terminals correspondingly, the m pairs of external wiring terminals are used for being connected with m pairs of power output terminals in a one-to-one correspondence mode, and m is a positive integer not less than 2.
The invention provides a shunt excitation direct current motor, which is connected with m pairs of power output terminals formed by at least one direct current power supply and has rated input current, and is characterized by comprising the following components: a housing; m pairs of electric brushes are fixed in the shell and are arranged according to rated input current; a stator disposed in the case, including m pairs of main poles corresponding to the m pairs of brushes and including an excitation winding portion; and a rotor disposed in the stator and including a plurality of armature windings coupled to each other by a predetermined coupling method, wherein each pair of the brushes includes 2 brushes adjacent to each other, the field winding portion includes m field winding units corresponding to m pairs of the main poles, each of the field winding units is formed by connecting 2 field coils formed by winding an insulated conductor bar made of a metal wire coated with an insulating layer on a corresponding pair of the main poles, the insulated conductor bar in each of the field winding units has one end and the other end distinguished along a predetermined current direction of the field coil, each pair of the main poles includes an S-polarity main pole and an N-polarity main pole corresponding to the winding direction of the field coil and the predetermined current direction of the field coil, the polarities of the adjacent 2 main poles are different, and each pair of the brushes includes an S-polarity-corresponding brush corresponding to the S-polarity main pole and an N-polarity main pole corresponding to the N-polarity main pole The corresponding N poles correspond to the electric brushes, m ends of all the insulated conductor bars are electrically connected with the corresponding electric brushes of the m S poles in all the electric brushes to form m first terminals, and meanwhile, m other ends of all the insulated conductor bars are electrically connected with the corresponding electric brushes of the m N poles in all the electric brushes to form m second terminals; or m one ends of all the insulated conductor bars are electrically connected with m N pole corresponding brushes in all the brushes to form m first wiring ends, meanwhile, m other ends of all the insulated conductor bars are electrically connected with m S pole corresponding brushes in all the brushes to form m second wiring ends, the m first wiring ends and the m second wiring ends respectively form m pairs of external wiring terminals correspondingly, the m pairs of external wiring terminals are used for being connected with m pairs of power output terminals in a one-to-one correspondence mode, and m is a positive integer not less than 2.
The shunt excitation direct current motor provided by the invention can also have the following characteristics: wherein each brush comprises one brush body or at least two separately shaped brush bodies arranged axially of the machine and electrically connected in parallel.
The shunt excitation direct current motor provided by the invention can also have the following characteristics: the number of the direct current power supplies is 1, and the m pairs of power supply output terminals are respectively terminals on m power supply output branches of the direct current power supplies.
The shunt excitation direct current motor provided by the invention can also have the following characteristics: the number of the direct current power supplies is m, and the m pairs of power supply output terminals are wiring terminals of the m direct current power supplies respectively.
The shunt excitation direct current motor provided by the invention can also have the following characteristics: wherein, the insulated conductor strip is any one of enameled wires and insulated copper conducting bars.
The shunt excitation direct current motor provided by the invention can also have the following characteristics: the number of turns of the exciting coil on each main magnetic pole is the same, and each pair of main magnetic poles corresponds to the space position of the corresponding pair of brushes.
The shunt excitation direct current motor provided by the invention can also have the following characteristics: in each excitation winding unit, the connection relation of 2 excitation coils is any one of series connection and parallel connection, and the connection relation of 2 excitation coils in each excitation winding unit is the same.
The shunt excitation direct current motor provided by the invention can also have the following characteristics: wherein the predetermined coupling means is any one of a single stack, a multiple stack and a complex wave.
The shunt excitation direct current motor provided by the invention can also have the following characteristics: the direct current power supply is any one of a chopper, a battery and a rectification power supply.
Action and Effect of the invention
According to the shunt excitation direct current motor provided by the invention, because the excitation winding part comprises m excitation winding units respectively corresponding to m pairs of main magnetic poles, each excitation winding unit is formed by respectively manufacturing excitation coils on the corresponding pair of main magnetic poles through the insulated conductor bars, the insulated conductor bars in each excitation winding unit are provided with one end and the other end which are distinguished along the preset current direction of the excitation coils, m one ends of all the insulated conductor bars are electrically connected with m S pole corresponding brushes in all the brushes to form m first terminals, and meanwhile, m other ends of all the insulated conductor bars are electrically connected with m N pole corresponding brushes in all the brushes to form m second terminals; or, m one ends of all the insulated conductor bars are electrically connected with m N pole corresponding brushes in all the brushes to form m first terminals, and m other ends of all the insulated conductor bars are electrically connected with m S pole corresponding brushes in all the brushes to form m second terminals, the m first terminals and the m second terminals respectively form m pairs of external terminals correspondingly, the m pairs of external terminals are used for being connected with m pairs of power output terminals in a one-to-one correspondence manner, that is, each pair of external terminals are connected with an excitation winding unit and a pair of brushes which are mutually and parallelly connected, so on one hand, branches formed by each excitation winding unit and a pair of brushes which are correspondingly connected are mutually independent, the current of each branch is also independent, and each branch can independently work and is independently supplied by a corresponding pair of power output terminals, namely: each pair of power output terminals only bears the working current of one branch circuit and only has one m-th of the rated input current of the motor. For the motor with very large rated input current, as long as m is large enough, the working current of each branch circuit or the output current of each pair of power output terminals can be correspondingly reduced, so that the output current of the power output terminals can be reduced to the value which can meet the requirements of the high-power high-performance motor by using a common power switch tube without adopting a power module or a parallel current sharing technology, the cost of a direct-current power supply is reduced, the requirements of a connecting wire and a connecting piece between an external wiring terminal and the power output terminals on contact resistance and insulation are also reduced, the difficulty of production and manufacture is reduced, and the reliability and the safety of a system are improved;
on the other hand, under the preset control, the output current waveforms of each pair of power output terminals of the direct-current power supply are similar and staggered by m times of the switching period, so that the current sum of m excitation winding units, namely the ripple and the ripple coefficient of the excitation current of the motor can be reduced; the current sum of the m pairs of electric brushes, namely the ripple and the ripple coefficient of the armature current of the motor are reduced, so that the ripple and the ripple coefficient of the output torque of the motor are reduced, the ripple and the ripple coefficient of the output rotating speed of the motor are reduced, and the electromagnetic interference, vibration and noise of the motor are reduced.
Moreover, when the power output terminal of the direct current power supply and the electric brush, the excitation winding unit and the connecting wire in the motor have faults, only the part where the fault is located needs to be shielded, other normal parts can still work, and because the magnetic field excited by the excitation winding unit of the non-fault part mainly acts on the armature winding branch circuit connected with the corresponding electric brush, the phenomenon of sudden runaway of the traditional shunt excitation direct current motor is avoided, the reliability and the safety of the system are improved, and the effective output torque is larger.
In conclusion, the shunt excitation direct current motor has the advantages of simple structure, short connecting wire, simple production process, easiness in manufacturing, convenience in maintenance, low production cost and maintenance cost, reasonable and simple structural design, high reliability and safety and the like; the invention can break monopoly and blockade of foreign countries on the power module, the controller and the high-performance electric driving device, so that the invention not only can be applied to large-load electric equipment such as electric automobiles, electric carriers, rail cars, sightseeing vehicles, trucks and ships, but also can improve the performance of the electric equipment, and can be applied to high-performance electric equipment such as numerical control machines, submarines and the like, thereby realizing the localization of the high-performance electric driving device.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a shunt excitation dc motor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a shunt-excited dc motor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the circuit connection of the armature winding and the field winding of the shunt direct current motor of the invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the circuit connection between the armature winding and the field winding of the shunt direct current motor in the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the development of a single-lap joint of armature windings of a shunt direct current motor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic circuit diagram of a conventional shunt-excited DC motor;
fig. 7 is a waveform diagram of input currents of three pairs of brushes of a shunt-excited dc motor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a waveform diagram of input currents of three excitation winding units of a shunt excitation direct current motor in the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 9 is a graph comparing the armature current of the shunt dc motor according to the embodiment of the present invention with the armature current of the conventional shunt dc motor;
fig. 10 is a graph comparing the field current of the shunt-wound dc motor according to the embodiment of the present invention and the field current of the conventional shunt-wound dc motor; and
fig. 11 is a torque comparison chart of the shunt-wound dc motor in the embodiment of the present invention and the conventional shunt-wound dc motor.
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a shunt excitation dc motor according to an embodiment of the present invention; fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a shunt-excited dc motor according to an embodiment of the present invention; fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the circuit connection of the armature winding and the field winding of the shunt direct current motor of the invention; fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the circuit connection between the armature winding and the field winding of the shunt direct current motor in the embodiment of the invention; fig. 5 is a schematic unfolded view of an armature winding single-lap joint of a shunt direct current motor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the present embodiment, the shunt dc motor 100 is connected to m pairs of power output terminals formed by at least one dc power source (not shown), and has a rated input current. When the number of the direct current power supplies is 1, the m pairs of power supply output terminals are respectively terminals on m power supply output branches of the direct current power supplies; when the number of the direct current power supplies is m, the m pairs of power supply output terminals are respectively the wiring terminals of the m direct current power supplies. The dc power supply is any one of a chopper, a battery, and a rectified power supply, and in this embodiment, the dc power supply employs a chopper having a switching frequency of 1 khz.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the shunt dc motor 100 includes a housing 11, a stator 12, brushes 13, a rotor 14, and a junction box (not shown in the drawings). As shown in fig. 3, the number of pairs of brushes is set to m according to the value of the rated input current. As shown in fig. 4 and 5, m is set to 3 in the present embodiment. When the maximum output current of a pair of power supply output terminals is I1Rated input current of the DC motor is ImaxThe logarithm m of the brushes satisfies the following condition: m is more than Imax÷I1。
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the stator 12 is disposed in the housing 11, and includes 3 pairs of 6 main poles 121 and one excitation winding portion 122.
As shown in fig. 2, each pair of main poles 121 includes an S-polarity main pole 1211 and an N-polarity main pole 1212. Of all the main poles 121, the polarities of the adjacent 2 main poles 121 are opposite.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the field winding portion 122 includes 3 field winding units 1221, and the 3 field winding units 1221 correspond to 3 pairs of main poles 121, respectively. Each field winding unit 1221 is formed by forming field coils 12211 on a corresponding pair of main poles 121 by insulated conductor bars made of metal wires coated with an insulating layer. The insulated conductor bar is any one of an enameled wire and an insulated copper conducting bar, and in this embodiment, the insulated conductor bar is an enameled wire. In this embodiment, the number of turns of the exciting coil 12211 on each of the main poles 121 is the same.
The insulated conductor bar in each excitation winding unit 1221 has one end and the other end distinguished along a preset current direction of the excitation coil 12211, and the S-polarity main pole 1211 and the N-polarity main pole 1212 in each pair of the main poles 121 correspond to a winding direction of the excitation coil 12211 and the preset current direction of the excitation coil 12211. The current circulating directions of the exciting coils 12211 of the adjacent two main poles 121 are opposite.
In each field winding unit 1221, the connection relationship of the 2 field coils 12211 is any one of series connection and parallel connection, and the connection relationship of the 2 field coils 12211 in the respective field winding units 1221 is the same. In this embodiment, 2 excitation coils 12211 are connected in series.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, 6 brushes 13 in 3 pairs are fixedly disposed in the housing 11, and each pair of brushes 13 includes an S-pole corresponding brush 131 corresponding to the S-polarity main pole 1211 and an N-pole corresponding brush 132 corresponding to the N-polarity main pole 1212. The 2 brushes 13 of each pair of brushes 13 are positioned adjacently, and each pair of brushes 13 corresponds to the spatial position of each corresponding pair of main magnetic poles 121.
The brush 13 is any one of a narrow brush and a wide brush, and the brush 13 is a narrow brush in the present embodiment. Each brush 13 comprises a brush body or at least two separately formed brush bodies arranged axially of the machine and electrically connected in parallel, in this embodiment the brush 13 comprises a brush body.
As shown in fig. 3, m one ends of the insulated conductor bars of all the field winding units 1221 are electrically connected to m N-pole corresponding brushes 132 of all the brushes 13 to form m first terminals 1511, m other ends of the insulated conductor bars of all the field winding units 1221 are electrically connected to m S-pole corresponding brushes 131 of all the brushes 13 to form m second terminals 1512, m first terminals 1511 and m second terminals 1512 form m pairs of external connection terminals (i.e., m connection units) corresponding to m first terminals 1511 and m second terminals 1512, respectively, and the m pairs of external connection terminals are used for being connected to m pairs of power output terminals in a one-to-one correspondence manner. Of course, if necessary, m one ends of the insulated conductor bars of all the field winding units 1221 are electrically connected to the m brushes 131 corresponding to the S poles in all the brushes 13 to form m first terminals 1511, and m other ends of all the insulated conductor bars of all the field winding units 1221 are electrically connected to the m brushes 132 corresponding to the N poles in all the brushes to form m second terminals 1512.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2 and fig. 4, the first terminal 1511 and the second terminal 1512 form 1 pair of external connection terminals 151, the first terminal 1521 and the second terminal 1522 form 1 pair of external connection terminals 152, and the first terminal 1531 and the second terminal 1532 form 1 pair of connection terminals 153, and 3 pairs of external connection terminals (i.e., 3 connection units) 151, 152 and 153 for connecting to 3 pairs of power output terminals in a one-to-one correspondence manner.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the rotor 14 is disposed in the stator, and includes a plurality of armature windings 141 coupled to each other by a predetermined coupling method, the number of the armature windings 141 is set to 2m × n, and the predetermined coupling method is any one of a single-winding, a multiple-winding, and a complex wave. In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, the plurality of armature windings 141 are connected in a single-layer manner, and 2 adjacent brushes 13 are connected to one armature winding branch, each of which contains n armature windings 141.
A junction box (not shown) is fixed to the cabinet 11, and 3 pairs of external connection terminals 151, 152 and 153 are provided in the junction box as shown in fig. 2 and 4.
FIG. 6 is a schematic circuit diagram of a conventional shunt-excited DC motor; fig. 7 is a waveform diagram of input currents of three pairs of brushes of a shunt-excited dc motor according to an embodiment of the present invention; fig. 8 is a waveform diagram of input currents of three excitation winding units of a shunt excitation direct current motor in the embodiment of the invention; fig. 9 is a graph comparing the armature current of the shunt dc motor according to the embodiment of the present invention with the armature current of the conventional shunt dc motor; fig. 10 is a graph comparing the field current of the shunt-wound dc motor according to the embodiment of the present invention and the field current of the conventional shunt-wound dc motor; fig. 11 is a torque comparison chart of the shunt-wound dc motor in the embodiment of the present invention and the conventional shunt-wound dc motor.
As shown in fig. 6, the terminal of the conventional shunt-excited dc motor 600 has only 1 wiring unit, and the wiring unit is electrically connected to 1 pair of power output terminals of 1 chopper (not shown in the figure) having a switching frequency of 1 khz.
In steady state, the current ripple is the difference between the maximum and minimum values, and the ripple factor is the percentage of the difference between the maximum and minimum values and the average value.
As shown in fig. 7, in the shunt excitation dc motor in the embodiment of the present invention, the input current ripples of the three pairs of brushes A1B1, A2B2, and A3B3 are all equal to 11.99 amperes from 99.31 to 87.33, the average value is all equal to 93.32 amperes, and the ripple coefficients are all equal to 11.99/93.32 × 100% to 12.84%.
As shown in fig. 8, the input current ripples of the three field winding units 1221, 1222, and 1223 of the shunt-excited dc motor in this embodiment are all equal to 61.97-61.37-0.60 ampere, the average value is all equal to 61.67 ampere, and the ripple coefficients are all equal to 0.60/61.67 × 100% -0.97%.
As shown in fig. 9, in a steady state, the armature current of the shunt excitation dc motor in the present embodiment is equal to the sum of the currents of the three pairs of brushes A1B1, A2B2, and A3B3, the ripple of the armature current is 281.95-277.98-3.97 amperes, the average value is 279.97 amperes, and the ripple coefficients are all equal to 3.97/279.97 × 100% — 1.42%. The armature current ripple of the traditional shunt excitation direct current motor is equal to 297.94-261.98-35.96 amperes, the average value is equal to 279.97 amperes, and the ripple factor is equal to 35.96/279.97 × 100% -12.84%. Although the average value of the armature current of the shunt direct current motor in the present embodiment is the same as that of the conventional shunt direct current motor, the armature current ripple and the ripple coefficient of the shunt direct current motor in the present embodiment are only one ninth of those of the conventional motor.
As shown in fig. 10, in a steady state, the excitation current of the shunt excitation dc motor in the present embodiment is equal to the sum of the currents of the three excitation winding units 1221, 1222, and 1223, the ripple of the excitation current is 185.10-184.90 ═ 0.2 ampere, the average value is 185.0 ampere, and the ripple coefficients are all equal to 0.2/185 × 100% ═ 0.11%. The armature current ripple of the traditional shunt excitation direct current motor is equal to 185.9-184.1-1.8 amperes, the average value is equal to 185.0 amperes, and the ripple factor is equal to 1.8/185.0 × 100% -0.97%. Although the average value of the exciting current of the shunt excitation direct current motor in the present embodiment is the same as that of the conventional shunt excitation direct current motor, the exciting current ripple and the ripple coefficient of the shunt excitation direct current motor in the present embodiment are only one ninth of those of the conventional motor.
As is known, the electromagnetic torque and the equation of motion of the shunt-excited dc motor are as follows
Figure BDA0001824189980000131
Wherein, TemIs an electromagnetic torque; cTIs a torque constant; phi is the magnetic flux of the main magnetic field; l isafIs the mutual inductance of the excitation winding part and the armature winding and is a constant; i isfIs an exciting current; i isaIs the armature current; t isloadIs the load torque; j is the moment of inertia of the load, which is a constant; Ω is the output angular velocity.
In the present embodiment, the input current of the shunt excitation dc motor is equal to the sum of the armature current and the excitation current, and the rated input current of the shunt excitation dc motor is the maximum input current of the motor in the rated operating state.
In the formula (1), the electromagnetic torque TemAnd armature current IaProportional to the product of the magnetic flux phi of the main magnetic field excited by the field winding of the DC motor fed by the chopper, and the electromagnetic torque T is shown by the equation (1)emAnd armature current IaAnd an excitation current IfProportional to the product of (a) and (b), the excitation current IfRipple factor and armature current IaWill result in an electromagnetic torque TemThe ripple factor, ripple or ripple of the output angular velocity Ω, which is larger, is more poor, and the performance of the driving device and the electric equipment is worse.
In this embodiment, LafTaking 1, in a steady state, as shown in fig. 11, the motor torque ripple of the shunt-excited direct current in the present embodiment is equal to 52188.25-51398.38-789.87 n.m, the average value is equal to 51793.56n.m, and the ripple factor is equal to 1.53%. The torque ripple of the conventional shunt excitation dc motor is equal to 55386.15-48229.93-7156.21 n.m, the average value is equal to 51798.89n.m, and the ripple factor is equal to 13.82%.
That is to say, although the average torque value of the shunt excitation dc motor in this embodiment is substantially the same as that of the conventional shunt excitation dc motor, the ripple and the ripple coefficient of the torque of the shunt excitation dc motor in this embodiment are only one ninth of those of the conventional motor, which reduces the ripple and the ripple coefficient of the output torque of the motor, and further reduces the ripple and the ripple coefficient of the output rotation speed of the motor, and finally achieves the purpose of reducing the electromagnetic interference, vibration, and noise of the motor and improving the performance of the shunt excitation dc motor and the electric device.
Effects and effects of the embodiments
According to the shunt excitation dc motor provided in the present embodiment, since the excitation winding portion includes m excitation winding units corresponding to m pairs of main poles, each excitation winding unit is formed by making an excitation coil on a corresponding pair of main poles by an insulated conductor bar, the insulated conductor bar in each excitation winding unit has one end and the other end distinguished along a preset current direction of the excitation coil, the m one ends of all the insulated conductor bars are electrically connected to m S-pole corresponding brushes of all the brushes to form m first terminals, and at the same time, the m other ends of all the insulated conductor bars are electrically connected to m N-pole corresponding brushes of all the brushes to form m second terminals; or, m one ends of all the insulated conductor bars are electrically connected with m N pole corresponding brushes in all the brushes to form m first terminals, and m other ends of all the insulated conductor bars are electrically connected with m S pole corresponding brushes in all the brushes to form m second terminals, the m first terminals and the m second terminals respectively form m pairs of external terminals correspondingly, the m pairs of external terminals are used for being connected with m pairs of power output terminals in a one-to-one correspondence manner, that is, each pair of external terminals are connected with an excitation winding unit and a pair of brushes which are mutually and parallelly connected, so on one hand, branches formed by each excitation winding unit and a pair of brushes which are correspondingly connected are mutually independent, the current of each branch is also independent, and each branch can independently work and is independently supplied by a corresponding pair of power output terminals, namely: each pair of power output terminals only bears the working current of one branch circuit and only has one m-th of the rated input current of the motor. For the motor with very large rated input current, as long as m is large enough, the working current of each branch circuit or the output current of each pair of power output terminals can be correspondingly reduced, so that the output current of the power output terminals can be reduced to the value which can meet the requirements of the high-power high-performance motor by using a common power switch tube without adopting a power module or a parallel current sharing technology, the cost of a direct-current power supply is reduced, the requirements of a connecting wire and a connecting piece between an external wiring terminal and the power output terminals on contact resistance and insulation are also reduced, the difficulty of production and manufacture is reduced, and the reliability and the safety of a system are improved;
on the other hand, under the preset control, the output current waveforms of each pair of power output terminals of the direct-current power supply are similar and staggered by m times of the switching period, so that the current sum of m excitation winding units, namely the ripple and the ripple coefficient of the excitation current of the motor can be reduced; the current sum of the m pairs of electric brushes, namely the ripple and the ripple coefficient of the armature current of the motor are reduced, so that the ripple and the ripple coefficient of the output torque of the motor are reduced, the ripple and the ripple coefficient of the output rotating speed of the motor are reduced, and the electromagnetic interference, vibration and noise of the motor are reduced.
Moreover, when the power output terminal of the direct current power supply and the electric brush, the excitation winding unit and the connecting wire in the motor have faults, only the part where the fault is located needs to be shielded, other normal parts can still work, and because the magnetic field excited by the excitation winding unit of the non-fault part mainly acts on the armature winding branch circuit connected with the corresponding electric brush, the phenomenon of sudden runaway of the traditional shunt excitation direct current motor is avoided, the reliability and the safety of the system are improved, and the effective output torque is larger.
In conclusion, the shunt excitation direct current motor of the embodiment has the advantages of simple structure, short connecting line, simple production process, easiness in manufacturing, convenience in maintenance, low production cost and maintenance cost, reasonable and simple structural design, high reliability and safety and the like; the invention can break monopoly and blockade of foreign countries on the power module, the controller and the high-performance electric driving device, so that the invention not only can be applied to large-load electric equipment such as electric automobiles, electric carriers, rail cars, sightseeing vehicles, trucks and ships, but also can improve the performance of the electric equipment, and can be applied to high-performance electric equipment such as numerical control machines, submarines and the like, thereby realizing the localization of the high-performance electric driving device.
In addition, each brush comprises at least two separately formed brush bodies which are arranged along the axial direction of the motor and are electrically connected in parallel, so that the actual contact area of each brush and the commutator is increased, and the commutation performance of the brush is improved.
In addition, because the number of turns of the exciting coil on each main magnetic pole is the same, the magnetic field of the motor is uniform and the torque is constant when the motor works normally.
In addition, because each pair of main magnetic poles corresponds to the space position of the corresponding pair of brushes, the magnetic field intensity in the armature winding can be kept maximum when a fault occurs, and therefore the maximum torque can be generated.
In addition, because the direct current power supply is any one of a chopper, a battery and a rectifying power supply, when the direct current power supply is the chopper or the rectifying power supply, the power switch tube does not need to adopt a power module or a parallel current sharing technology, and therefore cost is reduced. When the direct current power supply is a battery, the number of parallel branches in the battery is reduced, the battery balance problem generated after a plurality of battery monomers are connected in parallel is reduced, the cost generated by screening the consistency of the battery monomers is also reduced, the overall performance attenuation of the battery caused by parallel connection is reduced, and the energy density, the power, the performance, the durability and the safety are provided.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims (10)

1. A shunt-wound dc motor connected to m pairs of power output terminals formed by at least one dc power source, having a rated input current, comprising:
a housing;
the m pairs of electric brushes are fixed in the shell and are arranged according to the rated input current;
a stator disposed in the case, including m pairs of main poles corresponding to the m pairs of brushes and including an excitation winding portion; and
a rotor disposed in the stator and including a plurality of armature windings coupled to each other in a predetermined coupling manner,
wherein each pair of the main magnetic poles comprises an S-polarity main magnetic pole and an N-polarity main magnetic pole,
the polarities of the adjacent 2 main magnetic poles are different,
the 2 brushes in each pair are located adjacent,
each pair of the brushes comprises an S-pole corresponding brush corresponding to the S-pole main magnetic pole and an N-pole corresponding brush corresponding to the N-pole main magnetic pole,
the excitation winding part comprises m excitation winding units which are respectively corresponding to m pairs of main poles,
each excitation winding unit is formed by respectively manufacturing excitation coils on a pair of corresponding main magnetic poles through insulated conductor bars formed by metal wires wrapped with insulating layers,
the insulated conductor bars in each of the field winding units have one end and the other end,
m of said one ends of all said insulated conductor bars are electrically connected to m of said brushes corresponding to S poles to form m first terminals, and m of said other ends of all said insulated conductor bars are electrically connected to m of said brushes corresponding to N poles to form m second terminals; or, m of the one ends of all the insulated conductor bars are electrically connected with m of the N pole corresponding brushes in all the brushes to form m first terminals, and m of the other ends of all the insulated conductor bars are electrically connected with m of the S pole corresponding brushes in all the brushes to form m second terminals,
m pairs of external connection terminals are formed by the m first terminals and the m second terminals respectively,
m pairs of the external connection terminals are used for being connected with m pairs of the power output terminals in a one-to-one correspondence manner,
and m is a positive integer not less than 2.
2. A shunt-wound dc motor connected to m pairs of power output terminals formed by at least one dc power source, having a rated input current, comprising:
a housing;
the m pairs of electric brushes are fixed in the shell and are arranged according to the rated input current;
a stator disposed in the case, including m pairs of main poles corresponding to the m pairs of brushes and including an excitation winding portion; and
a rotor disposed in the stator and including a plurality of armature windings coupled to each other in a predetermined coupling manner,
wherein each pair of said brushes comprises 2 adjacently positioned brushes,
the excitation winding part comprises m excitation winding units which are respectively corresponding to m pairs of main poles,
each excitation winding unit is formed by connecting 2 excitation coils which are respectively wound on a pair of corresponding main magnetic poles by an insulated conductor strip formed by metal wires wrapped with insulating layers,
the insulated conductor bar in each of the field winding units has one end and the other end distinguished in a preset current direction of the field coil,
each pair of the main magnetic poles comprises an S-polarity main magnetic pole and an N-polarity main magnetic pole which correspond to the winding direction of the exciting coil and the preset current direction of the exciting coil,
the polarities of the adjacent 2 main magnetic poles are different,
each pair of the brushes comprises an S-pole corresponding brush corresponding to the S-pole main magnetic pole and an N-pole corresponding brush corresponding to the N-pole main magnetic pole,
m of said one ends of all said insulated conductor bars are electrically connected to m of said brushes corresponding to S poles to form m first terminals, and m of said other ends of all said insulated conductor bars are electrically connected to m of said brushes corresponding to N poles to form m second terminals; or, m of the one ends of all the insulated conductor bars are electrically connected with m of the N pole corresponding brushes in all the brushes to form m first terminals, and m of the other ends of all the insulated conductor bars are electrically connected with m of the S pole corresponding brushes in all the brushes to form m second terminals,
m pairs of external connection terminals are formed by the m first terminals and the m second terminals respectively,
m pairs of the external connection terminals are used for being connected with m pairs of the power output terminals in a one-to-one correspondence manner,
and m is a positive integer not less than 2.
3. A shunt excitation direct current motor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein:
wherein each brush comprises one brush body or at least two separately shaped brush bodies arranged axially of the machine and electrically connected in parallel.
4. A shunt excitation direct current motor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein:
the number of the direct current power supplies is 1, and the m pairs of power supply output terminals are respectively terminals on m power supply output branches of the direct current power supplies.
5. A shunt excitation direct current motor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein:
the number of the direct current power supplies is m, and the m pairs of power supply output terminals are respectively terminals of the m direct current power supplies.
6. A shunt excitation direct current motor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein:
the insulated conductor bar is any one of an enameled wire and an insulated copper conducting bar.
7. A shunt excitation direct current motor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein:
wherein the number of turns of the exciting coil on each main pole is the same,
each pair of main magnetic poles corresponds to the space position of the corresponding pair of electric brushes.
8. A shunt excitation direct current motor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein:
wherein in each of the excitation winding units, the connection relationship of 2 of the excitation coils is any one of series connection and parallel connection,
the connection relation of the 2 excitation coils in each excitation winding unit is the same.
9. A shunt excitation direct current motor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein:
wherein the predetermined coupling manner is any one of a single stack, a multiple stack, and a complex wave.
10. A shunt excitation direct current motor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein:
wherein, the direct current power supply is any one of a chopper, a battery and a rectification power supply.
CN201811177664.XA 2018-10-10 2018-10-10 Shunt-excited direct current motor Withdrawn CN111277095A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201811177664.XA CN111277095A (en) 2018-10-10 2018-10-10 Shunt-excited direct current motor
US17/056,791 US11355973B2 (en) 2018-10-10 2018-11-08 Direct current motor
PCT/CN2018/114622 WO2020073405A1 (en) 2018-10-10 2018-11-08 Direct current motor

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201811177664.XA CN111277095A (en) 2018-10-10 2018-10-10 Shunt-excited direct current motor

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3183428A (en) * 1962-02-13 1965-05-11 Stackpole Carbon Co Means for improving commutation and decreasing radio interference voltages of d.c. commutating machines
CN1059238A (en) * 1990-08-22 1992-03-04 叶秋富 Dual-purpose motor for starting and generating electricity
US20040145268A1 (en) * 2003-01-23 2004-07-29 Toshio Yamamoto Motor
CN106849784A (en) * 2017-04-06 2017-06-13 上海理工大学 Direct current drive drive device and electrical equipment
WO2018121548A1 (en) * 2016-12-28 2018-07-05 上海理工大学 Electric drive apparatus, chopper, dc motor, and electric device

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3183428A (en) * 1962-02-13 1965-05-11 Stackpole Carbon Co Means for improving commutation and decreasing radio interference voltages of d.c. commutating machines
CN1059238A (en) * 1990-08-22 1992-03-04 叶秋富 Dual-purpose motor for starting and generating electricity
US20040145268A1 (en) * 2003-01-23 2004-07-29 Toshio Yamamoto Motor
WO2018121548A1 (en) * 2016-12-28 2018-07-05 上海理工大学 Electric drive apparatus, chopper, dc motor, and electric device
CN106849784A (en) * 2017-04-06 2017-06-13 上海理工大学 Direct current drive drive device and electrical equipment

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