CN110518772B - Parallel-series excitation direct current motor - Google Patents
Parallel-series excitation direct current motor Download PDFInfo
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- CN110518772B CN110518772B CN201810497429.4A CN201810497429A CN110518772B CN 110518772 B CN110518772 B CN 110518772B CN 201810497429 A CN201810497429 A CN 201810497429A CN 110518772 B CN110518772 B CN 110518772B
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- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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- H02K23/00—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors
- H02K23/02—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors characterised by arrangement for exciting
- H02K23/10—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors characterised by arrangement for exciting having compound connection of excitation windings
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Abstract
The invention provides a parallel-series excitation direct current motor. The parallel-series excitation direct current motor provided by the invention is connected with an external direct current power supply device, has a rated input current corresponding to the external direct current power supply device, and is characterized by comprising the following components: a housing; m pairs of electric brushes; a stator including m pairs of main magnetic poles corresponding to the m pairs of brushes, a series field winding portion, and a shunt field winding portion; and a rotor, wherein the series excitation winding part comprises m series excitation winding units, the m series excitation winding units correspond to m pairs of electric brushes respectively, the shunt excitation winding part comprises m shunt excitation winding units, the m shunt excitation winding units correspond to the m pairs of electric brushes respectively, the series excitation winding units are connected by 2m series excitation coils respectively arranged on each main magnetic pole, the shunt excitation winding units are connected by 2m shunt excitation coils respectively arranged on each main magnetic pole, and m is a positive integer not less than 2.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of direct current motors, and particularly relates to a parallel-series excitation direct current motor.
Background
The parallel-series excitation direct current motor is a compound excitation direct current motor and comprises 2 sets of excitation windings, namely a parallel excitation winding and a series excitation winding. And the armature winding of the parallel-series excitation direct current motor is connected with the shunt excitation winding in parallel and then connected with the series excitation winding in series. The motor with the magnetic fields generated by the series excitation winding and the parallel excitation winding enhanced in the same direction is an integral compound excitation direct current motor. The product compound excitation motor integrates the advantages of a series excitation direct current motor and a parallel excitation direct current motor, has large starting torque at low speed, runs at high speed under light load, avoids the possibility of galloping, is particularly suitable for the running working condition of the crane, namely heavy-load large-torque starting, can run at low speed under heavy load, and can run at high speed under light load so as to ensure the safety and efficiency of operation. The device has obvious advantages in the driving of large-load vehicles such as electric porters, rail cars, sightseeing vehicles, trucks, ships and the like.
The DC motor is generally used together with a chopper to form a speed regulating device of the DC motor, and in order to ensure the reliability of a system, the maximum output current of the chopper is generally 2 to 3 times of the rated current of the motor. The chopper adopts the pulse width modulation technology to control the on-off of the power switch tube to change the output voltage and the output current, the size of the output current ripple is inversely proportional to the switching frequency of the power switch tube, and the size of the switching frequency of the power switch tube is directly proportional to the switching loss (or temperature rise and fault rate). And the motor output torque ripple is proportional to the square of the current ripple. Therefore, in order to reduce the motor output torque ripple or reduce the current ripple, it is necessary to increase the switching frequency; in order to reduce the switching losses, the switching frequency must be reduced. This contradiction affects the development of speed regulating device for high power and high performance DC motor. Which makes it difficult to apply to devices such as numerically controlled machine tools, which have high requirements for torque ripple.
The parallel series excitation direct current motor is applied to national defense equipment, and is particularly sensitive to vibration and electromagnetic interference due to stealth requirements, namely the requirements on ripples of output torque and ripples of current of the motor are particularly strict. At present, the traditional parallel series excitation direct current motor applied to high-power national defense electric equipment is difficult to deal with the detection technology with the increasingly developed technology.
For the above reasons, the development of a high-power parallel-series excitation direct-current motor is restricted and influenced, and economic construction and national defense construction are affected.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and provides a parallel-series excited dc motor.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a parallel-series excitation direct current motor, which is connected with a direct current power supply and has rated input current, and is characterized by comprising the following components: a housing; m pairs of electric brushes are fixed in the shell and are arranged according to rated input current; the stator is arranged in the machine shell and comprises m pairs of main magnetic poles corresponding to m pairs of electric brushes, a series excitation winding part and a parallel excitation winding part; and a rotor disposed in the stator and including a plurality of armature windings connected in a lap winding manner, wherein each pair of main poles includes an S-polarity main pole and an N-polarity main pole, each pair of brushes includes an S-pole corresponding brush corresponding to the S-polarity main pole and an N-pole corresponding brush corresponding to the N-polarity main pole, the series winding portion includes m series winding units corresponding to the m pairs of brushes, respectively, the shunt winding portion includes m shunt winding units corresponding to the m pairs of brushes, respectively, the series winding units are formed by making series coils on the m pairs of main poles through insulated conductor strips made of metal wires wrapped with insulating layers, the shunt winding units are formed by making shunt coils on the m pairs of main poles through insulated conductor strips made of metal wires wrapped with insulating layers, respectively, the insulated conductor strip in each series excitation winding unit is provided with a series excitation end and a series excitation other end, the insulated conductor strip in each parallel excitation winding unit is provided with a parallel excitation end and a parallel excitation other end, m pairs of main magnetic poles comprise a preset pair of main magnetic poles as a pair of preset main magnetic poles, each pair of main magnetic poles comprise an S-pole main magnetic pole and an N-pole main magnetic pole which correspond to the winding direction of the parallel excitation coil and the preset current direction of the series excitation coil, each pair of brushes comprise an S-pole corresponding brush corresponding to the S-pole main magnetic pole and an N-pole corresponding brush corresponding to the N-pole main magnetic pole, the series excitation end of the series excitation winding unit is electrically connected with one of the S-pole corresponding brush and the N-pole corresponding brush of one pair of brushes, and all series excitation ends of all series excitation winding units are electrically connected with the S-pole corresponding brushes in all brushes to form a ready connection point; or all series excitation ends of all the series excitation winding units are electrically connected with ready-made connection points of N poles corresponding to all the electric brushes, m series excitation other ends of all the series excitation winding units are used as m first external terminals and are electrically connected with one pole of an external direct-current power supply device, m electric brushes which are not connected with the series excitation ends of the series excitation winding units are respectively provided with a terminal which is used as m second external terminals and is electrically connected with the other pole of the external direct-current power supply device, m shunt excitation ends of all the shunt excitation winding units are electrically connected with the m second external terminals, and the m shunt excitation other ends are electrically connected with the electrical connection points of the m series excitation winding units and the electric brushes; or the m shunt excitation other ends of each shunt excitation winding unit are electrically connected with the m second external terminals, the m shunt excitation one ends are electrically connected with the electrical connection points of the m series excitation winding units and the electric brushes, and m is a positive integer not less than 2.
The invention provides a parallel-series excitation direct current motor, which is connected with an external direct current power supply device and has a rated input current corresponding to the external direct current power supply device, and is characterized by comprising the following components: a housing; m pairs of electric brushes fixed in the machine shell; the stator is arranged in the machine shell and comprises m pairs of main magnetic poles corresponding to m pairs of electric brushes, a series excitation winding part and a parallel excitation winding part; and a rotor disposed in the stator and including a plurality of armature windings, wherein the series winding portion includes m series excitation winding units corresponding to the m pairs of brushes, respectively, the shunt winding portion includes m shunt winding units corresponding to the m pairs of brushes, respectively, the series excitation winding units are connected by a total of 2m series excitation coils disposed on each main pole, the shunt winding units are connected by a total of 2m shunt excitation coils disposed on each main pole, each main pole includes m series excitation coils and m shunt excitation coils, the series excitation coils and the shunt excitation coils are wound on the main poles by insulating conductor strips made of strip conductors wrapped with insulating layers, respectively, the insulating conductor strips in each series excitation winding unit have one end and the other end of the series excitation coil divided according to a predetermined current direction of the series excitation coil, the insulated conductor strip in each shunt excitation winding unit is provided with a shunt excitation end and a shunt excitation other end which are distinguished according to the preset current direction of the shunt excitation coil, each pair of main magnetic poles comprises an S-pole main magnetic pole and an N-pole main magnetic pole which correspond to the winding direction of the shunt excitation coil and the preset current direction of the series excitation coil, each pair of electric brushes comprises an S-pole corresponding electric brush corresponding to the S-pole main magnetic pole and an N-pole corresponding electric brush corresponding to the N-pole main magnetic pole, the series excitation end of the series excitation winding unit is electrically connected with one of the S-pole corresponding electric brushes and the N-pole corresponding electric brushes of one pair of electric brushes, and all the series excitation ends of each series excitation winding unit are electrically connected with the S-pole corresponding electric brushes in all the electric brushes to form connection points; or all series excitation ends of all the series excitation winding units are electrically connected with ready-made connection points of N poles corresponding to all the electric brushes, m series excitation other ends of all the series excitation winding units are used as m first external terminals and are electrically connected with one pole of an external direct-current power supply device, m electric brushes which are not connected with the series excitation ends of the series excitation winding units are respectively provided with a terminal which is used as m second external terminals and is electrically connected with the other pole of the external direct-current power supply device, m shunt excitation ends of all the shunt excitation winding units are electrically connected with the m second external terminals, and the m shunt excitation other ends are electrically connected with the electrical connection points of the m series excitation winding units and the electric brushes; or the m shunt excitation other ends of each shunt excitation winding unit are electrically connected with the m second external terminals, the m shunt excitation one ends are electrically connected with the electrical connection points of the m series excitation winding units and the electric brushes, and m is a positive integer not less than 2.
The parallel-series excitation direct current motor provided by the invention can also have the technical characteristics that: and a junction box fixed on the chassis, wherein the m first external terminals and the m second external terminals are disposed in the junction box.
The parallel-series excitation direct current motor provided by the invention can also have the technical characteristics that: wherein one first external terminal and a corresponding one second external terminal constitute one wiring unit.
The parallel-series excitation direct current motor provided by the invention can also have the technical characteristics that: wherein, m wiring units are correspondingly and electrically connected with at least one external direct current power supply device.
The parallel-series excitation direct current motor provided by the invention can also have the technical characteristics that: wherein, the insulated conductor strip is any one of enameled wires and insulated copper conducting bars.
The parallel-series excitation direct current motor provided by the invention can also have the technical characteristics that: the winding direction and the number of turns of the m series exciting coils on each main magnetic pole are the same, and the winding direction and the number of turns of the m parallel exciting coils are the same.
The parallel-series excitation direct current motor provided by the invention can also have the technical characteristics that: in each series excitation winding unit, the connection relationship of the plurality of series excitation coils is any one of series connection, parallel connection and series-parallel connection, the connection relationship of the plurality of series excitation coils in each series excitation winding unit is the same, in each parallel excitation winding unit, the connection relationship of the plurality of parallel excitation coils is any one of parallel connection, parallel connection and series-parallel connection, and the connection relationship of the plurality of parallel excitation coils in each parallel excitation winding unit is the same.
The parallel-series excitation direct current motor provided by the invention can also have the technical characteristics that: wherein, the connection mode of the armature windings is any one of single-layer folding, overlapping and complex wave.
The parallel-series excitation direct current motor provided by the invention can also have the technical characteristics that: wherein, the direct current power supply device is one of a chopper, a battery and a rectification power supply.
The parallel-series excitation direct current motor provided by the invention can also have the technical characteristics that: wherein the number m of pairs of brushes is set according to the rated input current.
Action and Effect of the invention
According to the parallel-series excitation direct-current motor provided by the invention, each pair of main magnetic poles comprises an S-pole main magnetic pole and an N-pole main magnetic pole which correspond to the winding direction of the parallel excitation coil and the preset current direction of the series excitation coil, each pair of electric brushes comprises an electric brush corresponding to the S-pole main magnetic pole and an electric brush corresponding to the N-pole main magnetic pole, the series excitation end of each series excitation winding unit is electrically connected with one of the electric brushes corresponding to the S-pole and the N-pole of the pair of electric brushes, and all the series excitation ends of each series excitation winding unit are electrically connected with the electric brushes corresponding to the S-pole of all the electric brushes to form a ready connection point; or all series excitation ends of all the series excitation winding units are electrically connected with the brushes corresponding to the N poles of all the brushes to form connection points, m series excitation other ends of all the series excitation winding units are used as m first external terminals and are electrically connected with an external direct-current power supply device, m brushes which are not connected with the series excitation ends of the series excitation winding units are respectively provided with terminals which are used as m second external terminals and are electrically connected with the external direct-current power supply device, m shunt excitation ends of all the shunt excitation winding units are electrically connected with the m second external terminals, and the m shunt excitation other ends are electrically connected with the electrical connection points of the m series excitation winding units and the brushes; or, the m shunt excitation other ends of each shunt excitation winding unit are electrically connected with the m second external terminals, and the m shunt excitation one ends are electrically connected with the electrical connection points of the m series excitation winding units and the brushes, that is, each first external terminal and the corresponding second external terminal are connected with a series excitation winding unit, a shunt excitation winding unit and a pair of brushes, an armature winding branch is connected between the pair of brushes, each pair of brushes and the left and right adjacent brushes are respectively connected with an armature winding branch, therefore, each first external terminal and the corresponding second external terminal can be independently supplied with power by an external direct current power supply device, each external direct current power supply device only bears the working current of one series excitation winding unit, one shunt excitation winding unit and at most 2 armature winding branches, only m times the motor current. With the increase of the motor current, as long as m is large enough, the m external direct current power supply devices independently supply power, and the output current of each external direct current power supply device can be small enough without adopting a power module or a parallel current sharing technology, so that the cost is reduced.
Moreover, when the electric brush, the excitation winding unit and the connecting wire in the external direct-current power supply device and the motor have faults, only the part where the fault is located needs to be shielded, and other normal parts can still work, so that the reliability and the safety of the system are improved.
Every outside DC power supply device can adopt different control for every output current's wave form is inconsistent, reduces ripple and ripple coefficient of the sum of all outside DC power supply device's output current, and the ripple coefficient that also is the motor exciting current and armature current all reduce, thereby reduces the ripple and the ripple coefficient of the output torque of motor, and then reduces the ripple and the ripple coefficient of motor output rotational speed, reduces the electromagnetic interference, the vibration and the noise of motor.
Compared with the traditional parallel series excitation direct current motor with only two terminals, the parallel series excitation direct current motor has more terminals, the current of each terminal is only one m times of the current of the motor, and the connecting wire and the connecting piece between the motor and an external direct current power supply device have lower requirements on contact resistance and insulation, reduce the production cost and contribute to improving the reliability and the safety of the system.
In addition, the parallel series excitation direct current motor can break monopoly and blockade of power modules, controllers and high-performance electric driving devices abroad, is applied to large-load electric equipment such as electric automobiles, electric carriers, rail cars, sightseeing vehicles, trucks and ships, can improve the performance of the electric equipment, is applied to high-performance electric equipment such as numerical control machines and submarines, and realizes the localization of the high-performance electric driving devices.
In a word, the parallel-series excitation direct current motor driving device has the advantages of reasonable and simple structural design, high reliability and safety, and can be applied to high-power and high-performance parallel-series excitation direct current motor driving devices and electric equipment.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic longitudinal sectional structure view of a parallel-series excited dc motor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a parallel-series excited dc motor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the circuit connection of the armature winding and the field winding of the parallel-series excitation direct current motor of the invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the circuit connection between the armature winding and the field winding of the parallel-series excitation dc motor according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the development of the armature winding single-lap connection of the parallel-series direct current motor according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic circuit connection diagram of a conventional parallel-series excited dc motor;
fig. 7 is a waveform diagram of input currents of three pairs of brushes of a parallel-series excited dc motor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a waveform diagram of input currents of three excitation winding units of a parallel-series excitation direct current motor in the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 9 is a graph comparing the current of the parallel-series excited dc motor in the embodiment of the present invention and the armature current of the conventional parallel-series excited dc motor;
fig. 10 is a graph comparing the current of the parallel-series excited direct current motor in the embodiment of the present invention and the exciting current of the conventional parallel-series excited direct current motor; and
fig. 11 is a torque comparison chart of the parallel-series excited dc motor in the embodiment of the present invention and the conventional parallel-series excited dc motor.
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic longitudinal sectional structure view of a parallel-series excited dc motor according to an embodiment of the present invention; fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a parallel-series excited dc motor according to an embodiment of the present invention; fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the circuit connection of the armature winding and the field winding of the parallel-series excitation direct current motor of the invention; fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the circuit connection between the armature winding and the field winding of the parallel-series excitation dc motor according to the embodiment of the present invention; fig. 5 is a schematic unfolded view of an armature winding single-lap joint of a parallel-series direct current motor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the present embodiment, the parallel-series direct current motor 100 is connected to an external direct current power supply device (not shown), and has a rated input current corresponding to the external direct current power supply device.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the parallel-series excited dc motor 100 includes a housing 11, a stator 12, brushes 13, a rotor 14, and a junction box (not shown in the drawings). As shown in fig. 3, the number of pairs of brushes is set to m according to the value of the rated input current. As shown in fig. 4 and 5, m is set to 3 in the present embodiment. When the maximum output current borne by the contact of the power switch tube is I1Maximum line current of the polyphase AC motor is ImaxThe logarithm m of the brushes satisfies the following condition: m is more than Imax÷I1。
The stator 12 is arranged in the casing 11 and comprises 3 pairs of 6 main magnetic poles 121, a series excitation winding part and a parallel excitation winding part; each main pole 121 includes 3 series- excited coils 12211 and 3 shunt-excited coils 12311, each series-excited coil 12211 and the shunt-excited coil 12311 are formed by winding an insulated conductor bar formed by a strip conductor bar wrapped with an insulating layer on the main pole 121, the insulated conductor bar is any one of an enameled wire and an insulated copper conductor bar, and in this embodiment, the insulated conductor bar is an enameled wire. In this embodiment, the 3 field coils on each main pole 121 have the same winding direction and number of turns.
As shown in fig. 2, 6 series excitation coils 12211, which are one series excitation coil 12211, are extracted from each main pole 121, and are connected to form a series excitation winding unit 1221 shown in fig. 4, the series excitation winding portion 122 includes 3 series excitation winding units 1221, and the insulated conductor strip in each series excitation winding unit 1221 has a series excitation end and a series excitation end that are distinguished according to the preset current direction of the series excitation coil 12211.
Each main pole 121 is provided with 6 shunt excitation coils 12311, which are extracted from the shunt excitation coils 12311, respectively, and connected to form a shunt excitation winding unit 1231 as shown in fig. 4, the shunt excitation winding part 123 includes 3 shunt excitation winding units 1231, and the insulated conductor bars in each shunt excitation winding unit 1231 have a shunt excitation end and a shunt excitation end that are distinguished according to the preset current direction of the shunt excitation coil 12311.
Each pair of main poles includes an S-polarity main pole 1211 and an N-polarity main pole 1212 corresponding to a winding direction of the series excitation coil 12211 and a predetermined current direction of the excitation coil. The 3 series excitation coils 12211 on each main pole have the same winding direction and number of turns, and the 3 parallel excitation coils 12311 have the same winding direction and number of turns.
In each series field winding unit 1221, the connection relationship of the 6 field coils is any one of series connection, parallel connection, and series-parallel connection, and the connection relationship of the 6 field coils in each series field winding unit 1221 is the same, and in this embodiment, the connection relationship of the 6 field coils is series connection.
In each shunt excitation winding unit 1231, the connection relationship of the 6 excitation coils is any one of series connection, parallel connection, and series-parallel connection, and the connection relationship of the 6 excitation coils in each shunt excitation winding unit 1231 is the same, and in this embodiment, the connection relationship of the 6 excitation coils is series connection.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, 6 brushes 13 in 3 pairs are disposed in the housing 11, and each pair of brushes 13 includes an S-pole corresponding brush 131 corresponding to the S-polarity main pole 1211 and an N-pole corresponding brush 132 corresponding to the N-polarity main pole 1212. The brush 13 is either a narrow brush or a wide brush, and the brush 13 is a narrow brush in this embodiment.
As shown in fig. 2, the rotor 14 is disposed in the stator, and as shown in fig. 5, includes a plurality of armature windings 141, and the plurality of armature windings 141 are coupled by any one of a single stack, a multiple stack, and a multiple wave. In this embodiment, the plurality of armature windings are connected in a single stack.
A junction box (not shown) is fixed to the housing 11, and as shown in fig. 4, 3 first external terminals 1511 and 3 second external terminals 1512 are provided in the junction box, and one first external terminal 1511 and a corresponding one second external terminal 1512 constitute one junction unit 151(152 or 153). The 3 wiring units 151, 152 and 153 are electrically connected correspondingly to the other pole (negative pole of the direct current power supply device) of at least one external direct current power supply device, which is one of a chopper, a battery and a rectified power supply. In this embodiment, 3 wiring units 151 are electrically connected to 3 chopper power supply devices (not shown) in a one-to-one correspondence, and the switching frequencies of the 3 choppers are all 1 khz.
All series excitation ends of the insulated conductor bars of all the series excitation winding units are electrically connected with the corresponding brushes of S poles of all the brushes to form connection points; or all the series ends of the insulated conductor bars of each series excitation winding unit are electrically connected with the corresponding N-pole brushes in all the brushes to form connection points. In the present embodiment, all the series ends of the insulated conductor bars of each series field winding unit 1221 are electrically connected to the S-pole corresponding brushes 131 in all the brushes 13.
The other ends of the 3 series excitation of each series excitation winding unit are used as 3 first external terminals for electrically connecting with an external direct-current power supply device. The 3 brushes which are not connected with the series end of the series excitation winding unit are respectively provided with a terminal as 3 second external terminals for electrically connecting with the other pole (the negative pole of the direct current power supply device) of the external direct current power supply device.
3 shunt excitation ends of the shunt excitation winding units are electrically connected with 3 second external terminals, and 3 shunt excitation other ends of the shunt excitation winding units are electrically connected with electrical connection points of the 3 series excitation winding units and the electric brushes; alternatively, 3 shunt ends of each shunt winding unit are electrically connected to 3 second external terminals, and 3 shunt ends are electrically connected to electrical connection points of 3 series field winding units and brushes. In this embodiment, all shunt ends of the insulated conductor bars of each shunt winding unit 1231 are electrically connected to all second external terminals. The other end of each shunt excitation winding unit is electrically connected with the electrical connection points of the 3 series excitation winding units and the electric brushes and can be electrically connected with an external direct current power supply device.
The 3 first external terminals and the 3 second external terminals are for electrical connection with the outside.
As shown in fig. 4, in the present embodiment, 3 ends of 3 series field winding units 1221 are electrically connected to 3N-pole corresponding brushes 132 of 6 brushes, 3 other ends of 3 series field winding units 1221 are used as 3 first external terminals 1511 to be electrically connected to one pole of an external dc power supply device (positive pole of the dc power supply device), 3 ends of 3 parallel field winding units 1231 are electrically connected to 3N-pole corresponding brushes 132 of 6 brushes, and 3 other ends of 3 parallel field winding units 1231 are electrically connected to 3S-pole corresponding brushes 131 of 6 brushes and are used as 3 second external terminals 1512 to be electrically connected to one pole of the external dc power supply device (negative pole of the dc power supply device). The excitation effect of the 3 series excitation winding units and the corresponding 3 shunt excitation winding units may be one of integral excitation and differential excitation, and in the present embodiment, integral excitation.
Fig. 6 is a schematic circuit connection diagram of a conventional parallel-series excited dc motor; fig. 7 is a waveform diagram of input currents of three wiring units of the parallel series excitation dc motor according to the embodiment of the present invention; fig. 8 is a current comparison graph of a parallel-series excited dc motor according to an embodiment of the present invention and a conventional parallel-series excited dc motor; fig. 9 is a torque comparison chart of a parallel-series excited dc motor according to an embodiment of the present invention and a torque comparison chart of a conventional parallel-series excited dc motor; fig. 10 is a graph comparing the current of the parallel-series excited direct current motor in the embodiment of the present invention and the exciting current of the conventional parallel-series excited direct current motor; and fig. 11 is a torque comparison chart of the parallel-series excited dc motor in the embodiment of the present invention and the conventional parallel-series excited dc motor.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the circuit connection of a conventional parallel-series excited dc motor, which has only one wiring unit electrically connected to 1 chopper power supply device (not shown), and the switching frequency of the chopper is 1 khz.
In steady state, the current ripple is the difference between the maximum and minimum values, and the ripple factor is the percentage of the difference between the maximum and minimum values and the average value.
As shown in fig. 7, in the embodiment of the present invention, the current ripples of the three pairs of brushes A1B1, A2B2, and A3B3 of the parallel-series excitation dc motor are all equal to 112.19-102.35-9.84 amperes, the average value is all equal to 107.27 amperes, and the ripple coefficients are all equal to 9.84/107.27 × 100% — 9.17%.
As shown in fig. 8, in the embodiment of the present invention, the current ripples of the three series field winding units 1221 of the parallel-series direct current motor are all equal to 175.85-165.51-10.34 amperes, the average values are all equal to 170.68 amperes, and the ripple coefficients are all equal to 10.34/170.68 × 100% -6.06%. The current ripples of the three shunt-wound winding units 1231 are all equal to 63.66-63.16-0.49 amperes, the average value is all equal to 63.41 amperes, and the ripple coefficients are all equal to 0.49/63.41 × 100% -0.78%.
As shown in fig. 9, in a steady state, the armature current of the parallel-series excitation dc motor in the embodiment of the present invention is equal to the sum of the currents of the three pairs of brushes A1B1, A2B2, and A3B3, the ripple of the armature current is 323.45-320.18-3.26 amperes, the average value is 321.82 amperes, and the ripple coefficients are all equal to 3.26/321.82 × 100% — 1.01%. The armature current ripple of the traditional motor is equal to 336.58-307.04-29.55 amperes, the average value is equal to 321.82 amperes, and the ripple coefficients are all equal to 29.55/321.82 × 100% -9.18%. Although the average value of the armature currents of the parallel-series excited dc motor in the embodiment of the present invention is the same as that of the conventional motor, the ripple and the ripple factor of the armature current of the parallel-series excited dc motor in the embodiment of the present invention are only one ninth of those of the conventional motor.
As shown in fig. 10, in a steady state, the excitation current of the parallel-series excitation dc motor in the embodiment of the present invention is equal to the sum of the currents of the series excitation winding unit 1221 and the three parallel excitation winding units 1231, the ripple of the excitation current is 704.06-700.48 ═ 3.59 amperes, the average value is 702.27 amperes, and the ripple coefficients are all equal to 3.59/702.27 × 100% ═ 0.51%. The armature current ripple of the traditional motor is 718.51-686.01-32.50 amperes, the average value is 702.27 amperes, and the ripple coefficients are all 32.50/702.27 multiplied by 100 percent-4.63 percent. Although the average value of the field current of the parallel-series excitation direct-current motor in the embodiment of the present invention is the same as that of the conventional motor, the ripple factor and the ripple factor of the field current of the parallel-series excitation direct-current motor in the embodiment of the present invention are only one ninth of those of the conventional motor.
As is known, the electromagnetic torque and the equation of motion of the parallel-series excited dc motor are as follows
Wherein, TemIs an electromagnetic torque; cTIs a torque constant; phi is the magnetic flux of the main magnetic field; l isafIs the mutual inductance of the excitation winding part and the armature winding and is a constant; i isfIs the excitation winding part current; i isaIs the armature winding current; t isloadIs the load torque; j is the moment of inertia of the load, which is a constant; Ω is output angular velocity; in the formula (1), the electromagnetic torque TemAnd armature current IaProportional to the product of the magnetic flux phi of the main magnetic field excited by the field winding of the DC motor fed by the chopper, and the electromagnetic torque T is shown by the equation (1)emAnd armature current IaAnd field winding part current IfIs proportional to the product of (a) and the current I of the field winding partfRipple factor and armature winding current IaWill result in an electromagnetic torque TemThe ripple factor, ripple or ripple of the output angular velocity Ω, which is larger, is more poor, and the performance of the driving device and the electric equipment is worse.
In this embodiment, LafTaking 1, in a steady state, as shown in fig. 10, the motor torque ripple of the parallel-series excited dc in the embodiment of the present invention is 227725.80-224281.17-3444.63 n.m, the average value is 226003.19n.m, and the ripple factor is 3444.63/226003.19-1.52%. The torque ripple of the conventional parallel-series excited dc motor is equal to 241839.18-210630.99-31208.19 n.m, average equal to 226082.27n.m, ripple factor equal to 13.80%.
That is to say, although the average torque value of the parallel-series excitation dc motor in this embodiment is substantially the same as that of the conventional motor, the ripple and the ripple coefficient of the torque of the parallel-series excitation dc motor in this embodiment are only one ninth of those of the conventional motor, which reduces the ripple and the ripple coefficient of the output torque of the motor, further reduces the ripple and the ripple coefficient of the output rotation speed of the motor, and finally achieves the purpose of reducing the electromagnetic interference, vibration, and noise of the motor.
Effects and effects of the embodiments
According to the parallel-series excitation dc motor provided in this embodiment, each pair of main poles includes an S-polarity main pole and an N-polarity main pole corresponding to the winding direction of the parallel excitation coil and the preset current direction of the series excitation coil, each pair of brushes includes an S-pole corresponding brush corresponding to the S-polarity main pole and an N-pole corresponding brush corresponding to the N-polarity main pole, the series end of each series winding unit is electrically connected to one of the S-pole corresponding brush and the N-pole corresponding brush of the pair of brushes, and all the series ends of each series winding unit are electrically connected to the S-pole corresponding brushes of all the brushes to form a ready connection point; or all series excitation ends of all the series excitation winding units are electrically connected with N poles corresponding to all the electric brushes to form connection points, m series excitation other ends of all the series excitation winding units are used as m first external terminals to be electrically connected with the outside, m electric brushes which are not connected with the series excitation ends of the series excitation winding units are respectively provided with terminals to be used as m second external terminals to be electrically connected with the outside, m shunt excitation ends of all the shunt excitation winding units are electrically connected with the m second external terminals, and the m shunt excitation other ends are electrically connected with the electrical connection points of the m series excitation winding units and the electric brushes; or, the m shunt excitation other ends of each shunt excitation winding unit are electrically connected with the m second external terminals, and the m shunt excitation one ends are electrically connected with the electrical connection points of the m series excitation winding units and the brushes, that is, each first external terminal and the corresponding second external terminal are connected with a series excitation winding unit, a shunt excitation winding unit and a pair of brushes, an armature winding branch is connected between the pair of brushes, each pair of brushes and the left and right adjacent brushes are respectively connected with an armature winding branch, therefore, each first external terminal and the corresponding second external terminal can be independently supplied with power by an external direct current power supply device, each external direct current power supply device only bears the working current of one series excitation winding unit, one shunt excitation winding unit and at most 2 armature winding branches, only m times the motor current. With the increase of the motor current, as long as m is large enough, the m external direct current power supply devices independently supply power, and the output current of each external direct current power supply device can be small enough without adopting a power module or a parallel current sharing technology, so that the cost is reduced.
Moreover, when the armature winding, the electric brush, the excitation winding unit and the connecting wire in the external direct-current power supply device and the motor have faults, only the fault part needs to be shielded, and other normal parts can still work, so that the reliability and the safety of the system are improved.
Every outside DC power supply device can adopt different control for every output current's wave form is inconsistent, reduces ripple and ripple coefficient of the sum of all outside DC power supply device's output current, and the ripple coefficient that also is the motor exciting current and armature current all reduce, thereby reduces the ripple and the ripple coefficient of the output torque of motor, and then reduces the ripple and the ripple coefficient of motor output rotational speed, reduces the electromagnetic interference, the vibration and the noise of motor.
Compared with a traditional parallel series excitation direct current motor with only two terminals, the parallel series excitation direct current motor has more terminals, the current of each terminal is only one third of the current of the motor, and the connecting wire and the connecting piece between the motor and an external direct current power supply device have lower requirements on contact resistance and insulation, so that the production cost is reduced, and the reliability and the safety of the system are improved.
In addition, the invention can break monopoly and blockade of foreign countries on the power module, the controller and the high-performance electric driving device, so that the invention not only can be applied to large-load electric equipment such as electric automobiles, electric carriers, rail cars, sightseeing vehicles, trucks and ships, but also can improve the performance of the electric equipment and realize the localization of the high-performance electric driving device.
In a word, the embodiment has the advantages of reasonable and simple structural design, high reliability and safety, and can be applied to high-power and high-performance electric driving devices and electric equipment.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1. A parallel-series excited dc motor connected to a dc power supply and having a rated input current, comprising:
a housing;
the m pairs of electric brushes are fixed in the shell and are arranged according to the rated input current;
the stator is arranged in the machine shell and comprises m pairs of main magnetic poles corresponding to m pairs of electric brushes, a series excitation winding part and a parallel excitation winding part; and
a rotor disposed in the stator and including a plurality of armature windings connected in a lap winding manner,
wherein each pair of the main magnetic poles comprises an S-polarity main magnetic pole and an N-polarity main magnetic pole,
each pair of the brushes comprises an S-pole corresponding brush corresponding to the S-pole main magnetic pole and an N-pole corresponding brush corresponding to the N-pole main magnetic pole,
the series excitation winding part comprises m series excitation winding units which are respectively corresponding to the m pairs of electric brushes,
the shunt excitation winding part comprises m shunt excitation winding units which are respectively corresponding to the m pairs of electric brushes,
the series excitation winding unit is formed by respectively manufacturing series excitation coils on the m pairs of main magnetic poles through insulated conductor bars formed by metal wires wrapped with insulating layers,
the parallel excitation winding unit is formed by respectively manufacturing parallel excitation coils on the m pairs of main magnetic poles through insulated conductor bars formed by metal wires wrapped with insulating layers,
the insulated conductor strip in each series excitation winding unit is provided with a series excitation end and a series excitation other end,
the insulated conductor bars in each shunt excitation winding unit have a shunt excitation end and a shunt excitation end,
the m pairs of main poles include a predetermined pair of the main poles as a pair of predetermined main poles,
each pair of the main magnetic poles comprises an S-pole main magnetic pole and an N-pole main magnetic pole which correspond to the winding direction of the shunt exciting coil and the preset current direction of the series exciting coil, each pair of the electric brushes comprises an S-pole corresponding electric brush corresponding to the S-pole main magnetic pole and an N-pole corresponding electric brush corresponding to the N-pole main magnetic pole,
the series excitation end of the series excitation winding unit is electrically connected with one of the S-pole corresponding brush and the N-pole corresponding brush of a pair of the brushes,
all the series excitation ends of all the series excitation winding units are electrically connected with the corresponding brushes of the S poles in all the brushes to form connection points; or, all the series ends of each series excitation winding unit are electrically connected with the corresponding N-pole brushes in all the brushes to form a ready connection point,
the m series excitation other ends of the series excitation winding units are used as m first external terminals for being electrically connected with one pole of an external direct-current power supply device, the m electric brushes which are not connected with the series excitation end of the series excitation winding units are respectively provided with terminals as m second external terminals for being electrically connected with the other pole of the external direct-current power supply device,
the m shunt excitation ends of the parallel excitation winding units are electrically connected with the m second external terminals, and the m shunt excitation other ends of the parallel excitation winding units are electrically connected with the electrical connection points of the m series excitation winding units and the electric brushes; or, m shunt excitation other ends of each shunt excitation winding unit are electrically connected with m second external terminals, and m shunt excitation one ends are electrically connected with electrical connection points of m series excitation winding units and brushes,
and m is a positive integer not less than 2.
2. The parallel-series excited direct current motor according to claim 1, wherein:
the insulated conductor bar is any one of an enameled wire and an insulated copper conducting bar.
3. The parallel-series excited direct current motor according to claim 1, wherein:
wherein the winding direction and the number of turns of the m series excitation coils on each main magnetic pole are the same,
the winding direction and the number of turns of the m shunt excitation coils are the same.
4. The parallel-series excited direct current motor according to claim 1, wherein:
wherein, in each series field winding unit, the connection relationship of the series field coils is any one of series connection, parallel connection and series-parallel connection,
the connection relationship of the plurality of series field coils in each series field winding unit is the same,
in each of the shunt excitation winding units, the connection relationship of the plurality of shunt excitation coils is any one of parallel connection, parallel connection and series-parallel connection,
the connection relations of the parallel excitation coils in the parallel excitation winding units are the same.
5. A series excited direct current motor according to claim 1, wherein:
wherein, the connection mode of the armature windings is any one of single-layer folding, overlapping and complex wave.
6. A series excited direct current motor according to claim 1, wherein:
wherein the DC power supply device is one of a chopper, a battery and a rectified power supply.
7. A parallel-series excited dc motor connected to an external dc power supply device and having a rated input current, comprising:
a housing;
m pairs of electric brushes fixed in the machine shell;
a stator disposed in the case, including m pairs of main poles corresponding to the m pairs of brushes, a series field winding portion, and a shunt field winding portion, an
A rotor disposed within the stator and including a plurality of armature windings,
wherein the series excitation winding part comprises m series excitation winding units which are respectively corresponding to the m pairs of electric brushes,
the shunt excitation winding part comprises m shunt excitation winding units which are respectively corresponding to the m pairs of electric brushes,
the series excitation winding units are connected by a total of 2m series excitation coils respectively arranged on each main magnetic pole,
the parallel excitation winding unit is connected by 2m parallel excitation coils respectively arranged on each main magnetic pole,
each main magnetic pole comprises m series excitation coils and m shunt excitation coils, the series excitation coils and the shunt excitation coils are respectively formed by winding insulating conductor bars consisting of strip conductors wrapped with insulating layers on the main magnetic pole,
the insulated conductor strip in each of the series excitation winding units has a series excitation end and a series excitation other end distinguished according to a preset current direction of the series excitation coil,
the insulated conductor strip in each shunt excitation winding unit has a shunt excitation end and a shunt excitation end which are distinguished according to a preset current direction of the shunt excitation coil,
each pair of the main magnetic poles comprises an S-pole main magnetic pole and an N-pole main magnetic pole which correspond to the winding direction of the shunt exciting coil and the preset current direction of the series exciting coil, each pair of the electric brushes comprises an S-pole corresponding electric brush corresponding to the S-pole main magnetic pole and an N-pole corresponding electric brush corresponding to the N-pole main magnetic pole,
the series excitation end of the series excitation winding unit is electrically connected with one of the S-pole corresponding brush and the N-pole corresponding brush of a pair of the brushes,
all the series excitation ends of all the series excitation winding units are electrically connected with the corresponding brushes of the S poles in all the brushes to form connection points; or, all the series ends of each series excitation winding unit are electrically connected with the corresponding N-pole brushes in all the brushes to form a ready connection point,
the m series excitation other ends of the series excitation winding units are used as m first external terminals for being electrically connected with one pole of the external direct-current power supply device, the m electric brushes which are not connected with the series excitation end of the series excitation winding units are respectively provided with terminals as m second external terminals for being electrically connected with the other pole of the external direct-current power supply device,
the m shunt excitation ends of the parallel excitation winding units are electrically connected with the m second external terminals, and the m shunt excitation other ends of the parallel excitation winding units are electrically connected with the electrical connection points of the m series excitation winding units and the electric brushes; or, m shunt excitation other ends of each shunt excitation winding unit are electrically connected with m second external terminals, and m shunt excitation one ends are electrically connected with electrical connection points of m series excitation winding units and brushes,
and m is a positive integer not less than 2.
8. The parallel-series excited direct current motor according to claim 1 or 7, further comprising:
a junction box fixed on the machine shell,
wherein m of the first external terminals and m of the second external terminals are provided within the junction box.
9. The parallel-series excited direct current motor according to claim 7, wherein:
wherein one of the first external terminals and a corresponding one of the second external terminals constitute a wiring unit.
10. The parallel-series excited direct current motor according to claim 9, wherein:
the m wiring units are correspondingly and electrically connected with at least one external direct current power supply device.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810497429.4A CN110518772B (en) | 2018-05-22 | 2018-05-22 | Parallel-series excitation direct current motor |
| US17/052,534 US11211855B2 (en) | 2018-05-22 | 2018-11-08 | Direct current motor |
| PCT/CN2018/114621 WO2019223253A1 (en) | 2018-05-22 | 2018-11-08 | Direct current motor |
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| CN201810497429.4A CN110518772B (en) | 2018-05-22 | 2018-05-22 | Parallel-series excitation direct current motor |
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| US11211855B2 (en) | 2018-05-22 | 2021-12-28 | University Of Shanghai For Science And Technology | Direct current motor |
| CN111277098A (en) * | 2018-10-10 | 2020-06-12 | 上海理工大学 | Parallel-series excitation direct current motor |
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| US7239063B2 (en) * | 2003-01-23 | 2007-07-03 | Asmo Co., Ltd. | Motor having supply brushes |
| JP2010098930A (en) * | 2008-09-22 | 2010-04-30 | Asmo Co Ltd | Brushed hybrid excitation motor and method of driving the same |
| CN203933177U (en) * | 2014-06-24 | 2014-11-05 | 溧阳市宏达电机有限公司 | A kind of direct-current series-excited variable-blade motor |
| CN106602947A (en) * | 2016-12-28 | 2017-04-26 | 上海理工大学 | Electric driving unit, chopper circuit, DC motor and electric equipment |
| CN107086831A (en) * | 2017-05-03 | 2017-08-22 | 上海理工大学 | Direct current drive drive device and electrical equipment |
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2018
- 2018-05-22 CN CN201810497429.4A patent/CN110518772B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7239063B2 (en) * | 2003-01-23 | 2007-07-03 | Asmo Co., Ltd. | Motor having supply brushes |
| JP2010098930A (en) * | 2008-09-22 | 2010-04-30 | Asmo Co Ltd | Brushed hybrid excitation motor and method of driving the same |
| CN203933177U (en) * | 2014-06-24 | 2014-11-05 | 溧阳市宏达电机有限公司 | A kind of direct-current series-excited variable-blade motor |
| CN106602947A (en) * | 2016-12-28 | 2017-04-26 | 上海理工大学 | Electric driving unit, chopper circuit, DC motor and electric equipment |
| CN107086831A (en) * | 2017-05-03 | 2017-08-22 | 上海理工大学 | Direct current drive drive device and electrical equipment |
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