CN110518771B - Series-parallel excitation direct current motor - Google Patents
Series-parallel excitation direct current motor Download PDFInfo
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- CN110518771B CN110518771B CN201810497428.XA CN201810497428A CN110518771B CN 110518771 B CN110518771 B CN 110518771B CN 201810497428 A CN201810497428 A CN 201810497428A CN 110518771 B CN110518771 B CN 110518771B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K23/00—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors
- H02K23/02—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors characterised by arrangement for exciting
- H02K23/10—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors characterised by arrangement for exciting having compound connection of excitation windings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K23/00—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors
- H02K23/26—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors characterised by the armature windings
- H02K23/30—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors characterised by the armature windings having lap or loop windings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K3/00—Details of windings
- H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
- H02K3/28—Layout of windings or of connections between windings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
- H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information
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Abstract
The invention provides a series-parallel excitation direct current motor. The series-parallel excited direct current motor provided by the invention is connected with an external direct current power supply device, has a rated input current corresponding to the external direct current power supply device, and is characterized by comprising the following components: a housing; m pairs of electric brushes; a stator including m pairs of main magnetic poles corresponding to the m pairs of brushes, a series field winding portion, and a shunt field winding portion; and a rotor, wherein the series excitation winding part comprises m series excitation winding units, the m series excitation winding units correspond to m pairs of electric brushes respectively, the shunt excitation winding part comprises m shunt excitation winding units, the m shunt excitation winding units correspond to the m pairs of electric brushes respectively, the series excitation winding units are connected by 2m series excitation coils respectively arranged on each main magnetic pole, the shunt excitation winding units are connected by 2m shunt excitation coils respectively arranged on each main magnetic pole, and m is a positive integer not less than 2.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of direct current motors, and particularly relates to a series-parallel excitation direct current motor.
Background
The series-parallel excitation direct current motor is a compound excitation direct current motor and comprises 2 sets of excitation windings, namely a series excitation winding and a parallel excitation winding. The armature winding and the series excitation winding of the series-parallel excitation direct current motor are excited in series and then are excited in parallel with the parallel excitation winding. The motor with the magnetic fields generated by the series excitation winding and the parallel excitation winding enhanced in the same direction is an integral compound excitation direct current motor. The product compound excitation motor integrates the advantages of a series excitation direct current motor and a parallel excitation direct current motor, has large starting torque at low speed, runs at high speed under light load, avoids the possibility of galloping, is particularly suitable for the running working condition of the crane, namely heavy-load large-torque starting, can run at low speed under heavy load, and can run at high speed under light load so as to ensure the safety and efficiency of operation. The device has obvious advantages in the driving of large-load vehicles such as electric porters, rail cars, sightseeing vehicles, trucks, ships and the like.
The DC motor is generally used together with a chopper to form a speed regulating device of the DC motor, and in order to ensure the reliability of a system, the maximum output current of the chopper is generally 2 to 3 times of the rated current of the motor. The chopper adopts the pulse width modulation technology to control the on-off of the power switch tube to change the output voltage and the output current, the size of the output current ripple is inversely proportional to the switching frequency of the power switch tube, and the size of the switching frequency of the power switch tube is directly proportional to the switching loss (or temperature rise and fault rate). And the motor output torque ripple is proportional to the square of the current ripple. Therefore, in order to reduce the motor output torque ripple or reduce the current ripple, it is necessary to increase the switching frequency; in order to reduce the switching losses, the switching frequency must be reduced. This contradiction affects the development of speed regulating device for high power and high performance DC motor. Which makes it difficult to apply to devices such as numerically controlled machine tools, which have high requirements for torque ripple.
Series-parallel excitation direct current motors applied to defense equipment are particularly sensitive to vibration and electromagnetic interference due to stealth requirements, namely the ripple requirements on the output torque of the motor and the ripple requirements on current are particularly strict. At present, the traditional series-parallel excitation direct current motor applied to high-power national defense electric equipment is difficult to deal with the detection technology with the increasingly developed technology.
For the reasons, the development of a high-power series-parallel excitation direct-current motor is restricted and influenced, and economic construction and national defense construction are influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and provides a series-parallel excited dc motor.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a series-parallel excitation direct current motor, which is connected with a direct current power supply and has rated input current, and is characterized by comprising the following components: a housing; m pairs of electric brushes are fixed in the shell and are arranged according to rated input current; the stator is arranged in the machine shell and comprises m pairs of main magnetic poles corresponding to m pairs of electric brushes, a series excitation winding part and a parallel excitation winding part; and a rotor disposed in the stator and including a plurality of armature windings connected in a lap winding manner, wherein each pair of main poles includes an S-polarity main pole and an N-polarity main pole, each pair of brushes includes an S-pole corresponding brush corresponding to the S-polarity main pole and an N-pole corresponding brush corresponding to the N-polarity main pole, the series winding portion includes m series winding units corresponding to the m pairs of brushes, respectively, the shunt winding portion includes m shunt winding units corresponding to the m pairs of brushes, respectively, each series winding unit is formed by making a series coil on the m pairs of main poles through an insulated conductor bar composed of a metal wire wrapped with an insulating layer, each shunt winding unit is formed by making a shunt coil on the m pairs of main poles through an insulated conductor bar composed of a metal wire wrapped with an insulating layer, respectively, the insulated conductor strip in each series excitation winding unit is provided with a series excitation end and a series excitation other end, the insulated conductor strip in each parallel excitation winding unit is provided with a parallel excitation end and a parallel excitation other end, m pairs of main magnetic poles comprise a preset pair of main magnetic poles as a pair of preset main magnetic poles, and all series excitation ends of the insulated conductor strips are electrically connected with corresponding electric brushes of S poles in all electric brushes; or all the series ends of all the insulated conductor bars are electrically connected with the brushes corresponding to the N poles in all the brushes, and all the ends of all the insulated conductor bars correspond to the main poles with the same polarity in a pair of preset main poles and are electrically connected with the brushes corresponding to the S poles in all the brushes; or all ends of each insulated conductor bar correspond to the main magnetic poles with the same polarity in a pair of preset main magnetic poles and are electrically connected with the brushes corresponding to the N poles in all the brushes, m series ends of each series excitation winding unit are used as m first external terminals and are electrically connected with one pole of an external direct-current power supply device, m brushes which are not connected with the series ends of the series excitation winding unit are respectively provided with terminals as m second external terminals and are electrically connected with the other pole of the external direct-current power supply device, m shunt ends of each shunt excitation winding unit are electrically connected with the m first external terminals, and m shunt ends are electrically connected with the m second external terminals; or, m shunt excitation ends of each shunt excitation winding unit are electrically connected with m second external terminals, m shunt excitation other ends are electrically connected with m first external terminals, and m is a positive integer not less than 2.
The invention provides a series-parallel excitation direct current motor, which is connected with an external direct current power supply device and has rated input current corresponding to the external direct current power supply device, and is characterized by comprising the following components: a housing; m pairs of electric brushes fixed in the machine shell; the stator is arranged in the machine shell and comprises m pairs of main magnetic poles corresponding to m pairs of electric brushes, a series excitation winding part and a parallel excitation winding part; and a rotor disposed in the stator and including a plurality of armature windings, wherein the series winding portion includes m series excitation winding units corresponding to the m pairs of brushes, respectively, the shunt winding portion includes m shunt winding units corresponding to the m pairs of brushes, respectively, the series excitation winding units are connected by a total of 2m series excitation coils disposed on each main pole, the shunt winding units are connected by a total of 2m shunt excitation coils disposed on each main pole, each main pole includes m series excitation coils and m shunt excitation coils, the series excitation coils and the shunt excitation coils are wound on the main poles by insulating conductor strips made of strip conductors wrapped with insulating layers, respectively, the insulating conductor strips in each series excitation winding unit have one end and the other end of the series excitation coil divided according to a predetermined current direction of the series excitation coil, the insulated conductor strips in each shunt excitation winding unit are provided with a shunt excitation end and a shunt excitation other end which are distinguished according to the preset current direction of the shunt excitation coil, each pair of main magnetic poles comprises an S-polarity main magnetic pole and an N-polarity main magnetic pole which correspond to the winding direction of the shunt excitation coil and the preset current direction of the series excitation coil, each pair of electric brushes comprises an S-pole corresponding electric brush corresponding to the S-polarity main magnetic pole and an N-pole corresponding electric brush corresponding to the N-polarity main magnetic pole, and all the series excitation ends of the insulated conductor strips of each series excitation winding unit are electrically connected with the S-pole corresponding electric brushes in all the electric brushes; or all series excitation ends of the insulated conductor bars of each series excitation winding unit are electrically connected with N pole corresponding brushes in all the brushes, m series excitation other ends of each series excitation winding unit are used as m first external terminals and are electrically connected with one pole of an external direct-current power supply device, m brushes which are not connected with the series excitation ends of the series excitation winding units are respectively provided with a terminal which is used as m second external terminals and is electrically connected with the other pole of the external direct-current power supply device, m shunt excitation ends of each shunt excitation winding unit are electrically connected with the m first external terminals, and m shunt excitation other ends are electrically connected with the m second external terminals; or, m shunt excitation ends of each shunt excitation winding unit are electrically connected with m second external terminals, m shunt excitation other ends are electrically connected with m first external terminals, and m is a positive integer not less than 2.
The series-parallel excitation direct current motor provided by the invention can also have the technical characteristics that: and a junction box fixed on the chassis, wherein the m first external terminals and the m second external terminals are disposed in the junction box.
The series-parallel excitation direct current motor provided by the invention can also have the technical characteristics that: wherein one first external terminal and a corresponding one second external terminal constitute one wiring unit.
The series-parallel excitation direct current motor provided by the invention can also have the technical characteristics that: wherein, m wiring units are correspondingly and electrically connected with at least one external direct current power supply device.
The series-parallel excitation direct current motor provided by the invention can also have the technical characteristics that: wherein, the insulated conductor strip is any one of enameled wires and insulated copper conducting bars.
The series-parallel excitation direct current motor provided by the invention can also have the technical characteristics that: the winding direction and the number of turns of the m series exciting coils on each main magnetic pole are the same, and the winding direction and the number of turns of the m parallel exciting coils are the same.
The series-parallel excitation direct current motor provided by the invention can also have the technical characteristics that: in each series excitation winding unit, the connection relationship of the plurality of series excitation coils is any one of series connection, parallel connection and series-parallel connection, the connection relationship of the plurality of series excitation coils in each series excitation winding unit is the same, in each parallel excitation winding unit, the connection relationship of the plurality of parallel excitation coils is any one of parallel connection, parallel connection and series-parallel connection, and the connection relationship of the plurality of parallel excitation coils in each parallel excitation winding unit is the same.
The series-parallel excitation direct current motor provided by the invention can also have the technical characteristics that: wherein, the connection mode of the armature windings is any one of single-layer folding, overlapping and complex wave.
The series-parallel excitation direct current motor provided by the invention can also have the technical characteristics that: wherein, the direct current power supply device is one of a chopper, a battery and a rectification power supply.
The series-parallel excitation direct current motor provided by the invention can also have the technical characteristics that: wherein the number m of pairs of brushes is set according to the rated input current.
Action and Effect of the invention
According to the series-parallel excitation direct current motor provided by the invention, each pair of main magnetic poles comprises an S-pole main magnetic pole and an N-pole main magnetic pole which correspond to the winding direction of the series excitation coil and the preset current direction of the series excitation coil, each pair of electric brushes comprises an S-pole corresponding electric brush corresponding to the S-pole main magnetic pole and an N-pole corresponding electric brush corresponding to the N-pole main magnetic pole, and all series excitation ends of the insulated conductor bars of each series excitation winding unit are electrically connected with S-pole corresponding electric brushes in all the electric brushes; or all series excitation ends of the insulated conductor bars of each series excitation winding unit are electrically connected with N pole corresponding brushes in all the brushes, m series excitation other ends of each series excitation winding unit are used as m first external terminals and are electrically connected with one pole of an external direct-current power supply device, m brushes which are not connected with the series excitation ends of the series excitation winding units are respectively provided with a terminal which is used as m second external terminals and is electrically connected with the other pole of the external direct-current power supply device, m shunt excitation ends of each shunt excitation winding unit are electrically connected with the m first external terminals, and m shunt excitation other ends are electrically connected with the m second external terminals; or m shunt excitation ends of each shunt excitation winding unit are electrically connected with m second external terminals, and the other end of the m shunt poles is electrically connected with the m first external terminals, that is, each first external terminal and the corresponding second external terminal are connected with a series field winding unit, a shunt field winding unit and a pair of electric brushes, an armature winding branch is connected between the pair of electric brushes, each pair of electric brushes and the left and right adjacent electric brushes are respectively connected with an armature winding branch, therefore, each first external terminal and the corresponding second external terminal can be independently supplied by an external direct current power supply device, and each external direct current power supply device only bears the working current of one series excitation winding unit, one parallel excitation winding unit and at most 2 armature winding branches, and only has one m-th of the motor current. With the increase of the motor current, as long as m is large enough, the m external direct current power supply devices independently supply power, and the output current of each external direct current power supply device can be small enough without adopting a power module or a parallel current sharing technology, so that the cost is reduced.
Moreover, when the electric brush, the excitation winding unit and the connecting wire in the external direct-current power supply device and the motor have faults, only the part where the fault is located needs to be shielded, and other normal parts can still work, so that the reliability and the safety of the system are improved.
Every outside DC power supply device can adopt different control for every output current's wave form is inconsistent, reduces ripple and ripple coefficient of the sum of all outside DC power supply device's output current, and the ripple coefficient that also is the motor exciting current and armature current all reduce, thereby reduces the ripple and the ripple coefficient of the output torque of motor, and then reduces the ripple and the ripple coefficient of motor output rotational speed, reduces the electromagnetic interference, the vibration and the noise of motor.
Compared with the traditional series-parallel excitation direct current motor with only two terminals, the series-parallel excitation direct current motor has more terminals, the current of each terminal is only one m times of the current of the motor, and the connecting wire and the connecting piece between the motor and an external direct current power supply device have lower requirements on contact resistance and insulation, reduce the production cost and contribute to improving the reliability and safety of the system.
In addition, the invention can break monopoly and blockade of foreign countries on the power module, the controller and the high-performance electric driving device, not only applies the series-parallel excitation direct current motor to large-load electric equipment such as an electric automobile, an electric carrier, a rail car, a sightseeing bus, a truck, a ship and the like, but also can improve the performance of the electric equipment, is applied to high-performance electric equipment such as a numerical control machine, a submarine and the like, and realizes the localization of the high-performance electric driving device.
In a word, the series-parallel excitation direct current motor driving device has the advantages of reasonable and simple structural design, high reliability and safety, and can be applied to high-power and high-performance series-parallel excitation direct current motor driving devices and electric equipment.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a series-parallel excited dc motor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a series-parallel excited dc motor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the circuit connection of the armature winding and the field winding of the series-parallel excited direct current motor of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the circuit connection between the armature winding and the field winding of the series-parallel excited dc motor according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the development of a single-lap joint of armature windings of a series-parallel excited dc motor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic circuit connection diagram of a conventional series-parallel excited dc motor;
fig. 7 is a waveform diagram of input currents of three pairs of brushes of a series-parallel excitation dc motor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a waveform diagram of input currents of three excitation winding units of a series-parallel excited dc motor in the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a graph comparing the current of a series-parallel excited dc motor according to an embodiment of the present invention and the armature current of a conventional series-parallel excited dc motor;
fig. 10 is a graph comparing the current of the series-parallel excited dc motor in the embodiment of the present invention and the exciting current of the conventional series-parallel excited dc motor; and
fig. 11 is a torque comparison chart of the series-parallel excited dc motor in the embodiment of the present invention and the conventional series-parallel excited dc motor.
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a series-parallel excited dc motor according to an embodiment of the present invention; fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a series-parallel excited dc motor according to an embodiment of the present invention; fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the circuit connection of the armature winding and the field winding of the series-parallel excited direct current motor of the present invention; fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the circuit connection between the armature winding and the field winding of the series-parallel excited dc motor according to the embodiment of the present invention; fig. 5 is a schematic unfolded view of an armature winding single-lap joint of a series-parallel excited dc motor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the present embodiment, the series-parallel excitation dc motor 100 is connected to an external dc power supply device (not shown), and has a rated input current corresponding to the external dc power supply device.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the series-parallel excited direct current motor 100 includes a housing 11, a stator 12, brushes 13, a rotor 14, and a junction box (not shown in the drawings). As shown in fig. 3, the number of pairs of brushes is set to m according to the value of the rated input current. As shown in fig. 4 and 5, m is set to 3 in the present embodiment. When the maximum output current borne by the contact of the power switch tube is I1Maximum line current of the polyphase AC motor is ImaxThe logarithm m of the brushes satisfies the following condition: m is more than Imax÷I1。
The stator 12 is arranged in the casing 11 and comprises 3 pairs of 6 main magnetic poles 121, a series excitation winding part and a parallel excitation winding part; each main pole 121 includes 3 series- excited coils 12211 and 3 shunt-excited coils 12311, each series-excited coil 12211 and the shunt-excited coil 12311 are formed by winding an insulated conductor bar formed by a strip conductor bar wrapped with an insulating layer on the main pole 121, the insulated conductor bar is any one of an enameled wire and an insulated copper conductor bar, and in this embodiment, the insulated conductor bar is an enameled wire. In this embodiment, the 3 field coils on each main pole 121 have the same winding direction and number of turns.
As shown in fig. 2, 6 series excitation coils 12211, which are one series excitation coil 12211, are extracted from each main pole 121, and are connected to form a series excitation winding unit 1221 shown in fig. 4, the series excitation winding portion 122 includes 3 series excitation winding units 1221, and the insulated conductor strip in each series excitation winding unit 1221 has a series excitation end and a series excitation end that are distinguished according to the preset current direction of the series excitation coil 12211.
Each main pole 121 is provided with 6 shunt excitation coils 12311, which are extracted from the shunt excitation coils 12311, respectively, and connected to form a shunt excitation winding unit 1231 as shown in fig. 4, the shunt excitation winding part 123 includes 3 shunt excitation winding units 1231, and the insulated conductor bars in each shunt excitation winding unit 1231 have a shunt excitation end and a shunt excitation end that are distinguished according to the preset current direction of the shunt excitation coil 12311.
Each pair of main poles includes an S-polarity main pole 1211 and an N-polarity main pole 1212 corresponding to a winding direction of the series excitation coil 12211 and a predetermined current direction of the excitation coil. The 3 series excitation coils 12211 on each main pole have the same winding direction and number of turns, and the 3 parallel excitation coils 12311 have the same winding direction and number of turns.
In each series field winding unit 1221, the connection relationship of the 6 field coils is any one of series connection, parallel connection, and series-parallel connection, and the connection relationship of the 6 field coils in each series field winding unit 1221 is the same, and in this embodiment, the connection relationship of the 6 field coils is series connection.
In each shunt excitation winding unit 1231, the connection relationship of the 6 excitation coils is any one of series connection, parallel connection, and series-parallel connection, and the connection relationship of the 6 excitation coils in each shunt excitation winding unit 1231 is the same, and in this embodiment, the connection relationship of the 6 excitation coils is series connection.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, 6 brushes 13 in 3 pairs are disposed in the housing 11, and each pair of brushes 13 includes an S-pole corresponding brush 131 corresponding to the S-polarity main pole 1211 and an N-pole corresponding brush 132 corresponding to the N-polarity main pole 1212. The brush 13 is either a narrow brush or a wide brush, and the brush 13 is a narrow brush in this embodiment.
As shown in fig. 2, the rotor 14 is disposed in the stator, and as shown in fig. 5, includes a plurality of armature windings 141, and the plurality of armature windings 141 are coupled by any one of a single stack, a multiple stack, and a multiple wave. In this embodiment, the plurality of armature windings are connected in a single stack.
A junction box (not shown) is fixed to the housing 11, and as shown in fig. 4, 3 first external terminals 1511 and 3 second external terminals 1512 are provided in the junction box, and one first external terminal 1511 and a corresponding one second external terminal 1512 constitute a junction unit 151. The 3 wiring units 151 are electrically connected correspondingly to the other pole (e.g., the negative pole of the direct current power supply device) of at least one external direct current power supply device, which is one of a chopper, a battery, and a rectified power supply. In this embodiment, 3 wiring units 151 are electrically connected to 3 chopper power supply devices (not shown) in a one-to-one correspondence, and the switching frequencies of the 3 choppers are all 1 khz.
All series excitation ends of the insulated conductor bars of all the series excitation winding units are electrically connected with the brushes corresponding to the S poles in all the brushes; or all the series ends of the insulated conductor bars of each series excitation winding unit are electrically connected with the corresponding brushes with the N poles in all the brushes. In the present embodiment, all the series ends of the insulated conductor bars of each series field winding unit 1221 are electrically connected to the S-pole corresponding brushes 131 in all the brushes 13. The 3 series ends of each series field winding unit serve as 3 first external terminals for electrically connecting with one pole of an external direct-current power supply device (for example, the positive pole of the direct-current power supply device). And 3 electric brushes which are not connected with the series excitation end of the series excitation winding unit are respectively provided with a terminal as 3 second external terminals for electrically connecting with an external direct current power supply device.
3 shunt excitation ends of the shunt excitation winding units are electrically connected with 3 first external terminals, and 3 shunt excitation other ends of the shunt excitation winding units are electrically connected with 3 second external terminals; alternatively, 3 shunt-excited ends of each shunt-excited winding unit are electrically connected to 3 second external terminals, and 3 shunt-excited ends are electrically connected to 3 first external terminals. In the present embodiment, all shunt ends of the insulated conductor bars of each shunt winding unit 1231 are electrically connected to all first external terminals. The 3 shunt-excited other ends of the respective shunt-excited winding units and the 3 second external terminals are used for electrically connecting with the other pole of the external direct-current power supply device (for example, the negative pole of the direct-current power supply device).
The 3 first external terminals and the 3 second external terminals are for electrical connection with an external direct current power supply device.
As shown in fig. 4, in the present embodiment, 3 ends of 3 series field winding units 1221 are electrically connected to 3N-pole corresponding brushes 132 of 6 brushes, 3 other ends of 3 series field winding units 1221 are used as 3 first external terminals 1511 for electrically connecting to one pole of an external dc power supply device (positive pole of the dc power supply device), 3 ends of 3 parallel field winding units 1231 are electrically connected to 3 first external terminals 1511, and 3 other ends of 3 parallel field winding units 1231 are electrically connected to 3 second external terminals 1512. The excitation effect of the 3 series excitation winding units and the corresponding 3 shunt excitation winding units may be one of integral excitation and differential excitation, and in the present embodiment, integral excitation.
Fig. 6 is a schematic circuit connection diagram of a conventional series-parallel excited dc motor; fig. 7 is a waveform diagram of input currents of three wiring units of a series-parallel excited dc motor according to an embodiment of the present invention; fig. 8 is a graph comparing the current of a series-parallel excited dc motor according to an embodiment of the present invention with the current of a conventional series-parallel excited dc motor; fig. 9 is a torque comparison graph of a series-parallel excited dc motor according to an embodiment of the present invention and a torque comparison graph of a conventional series-parallel excited dc motor; fig. 10 is a graph comparing the current of the series-parallel excited dc motor in the embodiment of the present invention and the exciting current of the conventional series-parallel excited dc motor; and fig. 11 is a torque comparison diagram of a series-parallel excited dc motor in the embodiment of the present invention and a torque comparison diagram of a conventional series-parallel excited dc motor.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the circuit connection of a conventional series-parallel excited dc motor, which has only one wiring unit electrically connected to 1 chopper power supply device (not shown), and the switching frequency of the chopper is 1 khz.
In steady state, the current ripple is the difference between the maximum and minimum values, and the ripple factor is the percentage of the difference between the maximum and minimum values and the average value.
As shown in fig. 7, in the embodiment of the present invention, the current ripples of the three pairs of brushes A1B1, A2B2, and A3B3 of the series-parallel excited dc motor are all equal to 130.38-120.40-9.98 amperes, the average value is all equal to 125.39 amperes, and the ripple coefficients are all equal to 9.98/125.39 × 100% -7.96%.
As shown in fig. 8, in the embodiment of the present invention, the current ripples of the three series-excited winding units 1221 of the series-parallel excited dc motor are all equal to 130.38-120.40-9.98 amperes, the average value is all equal to 125.39 amperes, and the ripple coefficients are all equal to 9.98/125.39 × 100% -7.96%. The current ripples of the three shunt excitation winding units 1231 are all equal to 72.29-71.59-0.70 amperes, the average value is all equal to 71.94 amperes, and the ripple coefficients are all equal to 0.70/71.94 × 100% -0.97%.
As shown in fig. 9, in a steady state, the armature current of the series-parallel excitation dc motor in the embodiment of the present invention is equal to the sum of the currents of the three pairs of brushes A1B1, A2B2, and A3B3, the ripple of the armature current is 377.82-374.51-3.31 amperes, the average value is 376.16 amperes, and the ripple coefficients are all equal to 3.31/376.16 × 100% — 0.88%. The armature current ripple of the traditional motor is equal to 391.14-361.17-29.97 amperes, the average value is equal to 376.16 amperes, and the ripple factor is equal to 29.97/376.16 × 100% -7.97%. Although the average value of the armature current of the series-parallel excited dc motor in the embodiment of the present invention is the same as that of the conventional motor, the ripple and the ripple factor of the armature current of the series-parallel excited dc motor in the embodiment of the present invention are only one ninth of those of the conventional motor.
As shown in fig. 10, in a steady state, the excitation current of the series-parallel excitation dc motor in the embodiment of the present invention is equal to the sum of the currents of the three series excitation winding units 1221 and the three parallel excitation winding units 1231, the ripple of the excitation current is 593.76-590.22 ═ 3.54 amperes, the average value is 591.99 amperes, and the ripple coefficients are all equal to 3.54/591.99 × 100% ═ 0.60%. The armature current ripple of the traditional motor is equal to 608.02-575.95-32.07 ampere, the average value is equal to 591.99 ampere, and the ripple factor is equal to 32.07/591.99 multiplied by 100-5.42%. Although the average value of the excitation current of the series-parallel excitation direct current motor in the embodiment of the present invention is the same as that of the conventional motor, the ripple factor and the ripple factor of the excitation current of the series-parallel excitation direct current motor in the embodiment of the present invention are only one ninth of those of the conventional motor.
As is known, the electromagnetic torque and the equation of motion of the series-parallel excited dc motor are as follows
Wherein, TemIs an electromagnetic torque; cTIs a torque constant; phi is the magnetic flux of the main magnetic field; l isafIs the mutual inductance of the excitation winding part and the armature winding and is a constant; i isfIs the excitation winding part current; i isaIs the armature winding current; t isloadIs the load torque; j is the moment of inertia of the load, which is a constant; Ω is output angular velocity; in the formula (1), the electromagnetic torque TemAnd armature current IaProportional to the product of the magnetic flux phi of the main magnetic field excited by the field winding of the DC motor fed by the chopper, and the electromagnetic torque T is shown by the equation (1)emAnd armature current IaAnd field winding part current IfIs proportional to the product of (a) and the current I of the field winding partfRipple factor and armature winding current IaWill result in an electromagnetic torque TemThe ripple factor, ripple or ripple of the output angular velocity Ω, which is larger, is more poor, and the performance of the driving device and the electric equipment is worse.
In this embodiment, LafTaking 1, in a steady state, as shown in fig. 10, the motor torque ripple of the series-parallel excitation direct current in the embodiment of the present invention is 224331.78-221042.30-3289.48 n.m, the average value is 222686.66n.m, and the ripple factor is 3289.48/222686.66-1.48%. The torque ripple of the conventional series-parallel excitation direct current motor is 237820.34-208017.82-29802.52 n.m, the average value is 222765.80n.m, and the ripple coefficient is 29802.52/222765.80-13.38%.
That is to say, although the average torque value of the series-parallel excitation dc motor in this embodiment is substantially the same as that of the conventional motor, the ripple and the ripple coefficient of the torque of the series-parallel excitation dc motor in this embodiment are only one ninth of those of the conventional motor, which reduces the ripple and the ripple coefficient of the output torque of the motor, further reduces the ripple and the ripple coefficient of the output rotation speed of the motor, and finally achieves the purpose of reducing the electromagnetic interference, vibration, and noise of the motor.
Effects and effects of the embodiments
According to the series-parallel excitation direct current motor provided by the embodiment, each pair of main magnetic poles comprises an S-pole main magnetic pole and an N-pole main magnetic pole corresponding to the winding direction of the series excitation coil and the preset current direction of the series excitation coil, each pair of electric brushes comprises an S-pole corresponding electric brush corresponding to the S-pole main magnetic pole and an N-pole corresponding electric brush corresponding to the N-pole main magnetic pole, and all series excitation ends of the insulated conductor bars of each series excitation winding unit are electrically connected with S-pole corresponding electric brushes in all the electric brushes; or all series excitation ends of the insulated conductor bars of each series excitation winding unit are electrically connected with N pole corresponding brushes in all the brushes, m series excitation other ends of each series excitation winding unit are used as m first external terminals for being electrically connected with the outside, m brushes which are not connected with the series excitation ends of the series excitation winding units are respectively provided with terminals as m second external terminals for being electrically connected with the outside, m shunt excitation ends of each shunt excitation winding unit are electrically connected with the m first external terminals, and m shunt excitation other ends are electrically connected with the m second external terminals; or m shunt excitation ends of each shunt excitation winding unit are electrically connected with m second external terminals, and the other end of the m shunt poles is electrically connected with the m first external terminals, that is, each first external terminal and the corresponding second external terminal are connected with a series field winding unit, a shunt field winding unit and a pair of electric brushes, an armature winding branch is connected between the pair of electric brushes, each pair of electric brushes and the left and right adjacent electric brushes are respectively connected with an armature winding branch, therefore, each first external terminal and the corresponding second external terminal can be independently supplied by an external direct current power supply device, and each external direct current power supply device only bears the working current of one series excitation winding unit, one parallel excitation winding unit and at most 2 armature winding branches, and only has one m-th of the motor current. With the increase of the motor current, as long as m is large enough, the m external direct current power supply devices independently supply power, and the output current of each external direct current power supply device can be small enough without adopting a power module or a parallel current sharing technology, so that the cost is reduced.
Moreover, when the armature winding, the electric brush, the excitation winding unit and the connecting wire in the external direct-current power supply device and the motor have faults, only the fault part needs to be shielded, and other normal parts can still work, so that the reliability and the safety of the system are improved.
Every outside DC power supply device can adopt different control for every output current's wave form is inconsistent, reduces ripple and ripple coefficient of the sum of all outside DC power supply device's output current, and the ripple coefficient that also is the motor exciting current and armature current all reduce, thereby reduces the ripple and the ripple coefficient of the output torque of motor, and then reduces the ripple and the ripple coefficient of motor output rotational speed, reduces the electromagnetic interference, the vibration and the noise of motor.
Compared with a traditional series-parallel excitation direct current motor with only two terminals, the motor has more terminals, the current of each terminal is only one third of the current of the motor, and the connecting wire and the connecting piece between the motor and an external direct current power supply device have lower requirements on contact resistance and insulation, so that the production cost is reduced, and the reliability and the safety of a system are improved.
In addition, the invention can break monopoly and blockade of foreign countries on the power module, the controller and the high-performance electric driving device, so that the invention not only can be applied to large-load electric equipment such as electric automobiles, electric carriers, rail cars, sightseeing vehicles, trucks and ships, but also can improve the performance of the electric equipment and realize the localization of the high-performance electric driving device.
In a word, the embodiment has the advantages of reasonable and simple structural design, high reliability and safety, and can be applied to high-power and high-performance electric driving devices and electric equipment.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1. A series-parallel excited direct current motor connected to a direct current power supply and having a rated input current, comprising:
a housing;
the m pairs of electric brushes are fixed in the shell and are arranged according to the rated input current;
the stator is arranged in the machine shell and comprises m pairs of main magnetic poles corresponding to m pairs of electric brushes, a series excitation winding part and a parallel excitation winding part; and
a rotor disposed in the stator and including a plurality of armature windings connected in a lap winding manner,
wherein each pair of the main magnetic poles comprises an S-polarity main magnetic pole and an N-polarity main magnetic pole,
each pair of the brushes comprises an S-pole corresponding brush corresponding to the S-pole main magnetic pole and an N-pole corresponding brush corresponding to the N-pole main magnetic pole,
the series excitation winding part comprises m series excitation winding units which are respectively corresponding to the m pairs of electric brushes,
the shunt excitation winding part comprises m shunt excitation winding units which are respectively corresponding to the m pairs of electric brushes,
each series excitation winding unit is formed by respectively manufacturing series excitation coils on the m pairs of main magnetic poles through insulated conductor bars formed by metal wires wrapped with insulating layers,
each parallel excitation winding unit is formed by respectively manufacturing parallel excitation coils on the m pairs of main magnetic poles through insulated conductor bars formed by metal wires wrapped with insulating layers,
the insulated conductor strip in each series excitation winding unit is provided with a series excitation end and a series excitation other end,
the insulated conductor bars in each shunt excitation winding unit have a shunt excitation end and a shunt excitation end,
the m pairs of main poles include a predetermined pair of the main poles as a pair of predetermined main poles,
all the series excitation ends of the insulated conductor bars are electrically connected with the brushes corresponding to the S poles in all the brushes; or, all the series ends of the insulated conductor bars are electrically connected with the corresponding brushes of the N poles in all the brushes,
all the one ends of the insulated conductor bars correspond to the main magnetic poles with the same polarity in the pair of preset main magnetic poles and are electrically connected with the brushes corresponding to the S poles in all the brushes; or all the one ends of the insulated conductor bars correspond to the main magnetic poles of the same polarity in the pair of predetermined main magnetic poles and are electrically connected with the brushes corresponding to the N poles in all the brushes,
m series-excited ends of each series-excited field winding unit serve as m first external terminals for electrical connection with one pole of an external direct-current power supply device,
the m brushes which are not connected with the series end of the series excitation winding unit are respectively provided with a terminal as m second external terminals for electrically connecting with the other pole of the external direct current power supply device,
m shunt excitation ends of the shunt excitation winding units are electrically connected with m first external terminals, and m shunt excitation other ends of the shunt excitation winding units are electrically connected with m second external terminals; or m shunt excitation ends of each shunt excitation winding unit are electrically connected with m second external terminals, and m shunt excitation ends are electrically connected with m first external terminals,
and m is a positive integer not less than 2.
2. A series-parallel excited dc motor connected to an external dc power supply device and having a rated input current, comprising:
a housing;
m pairs of electric brushes fixed in the machine shell;
a stator disposed in the case, including m pairs of main poles corresponding to the m pairs of brushes, a series field winding portion, and a shunt field winding portion, an
A rotor disposed within the stator and including a plurality of armature windings,
wherein the series excitation winding part comprises m series excitation winding units which are respectively corresponding to the m pairs of electric brushes,
the shunt excitation winding part comprises m shunt excitation winding units which are respectively corresponding to the m pairs of electric brushes,
the series excitation winding units are connected by a total of 2m series excitation coils respectively arranged on each main magnetic pole,
the parallel excitation winding unit is connected by 2m parallel excitation coils respectively arranged on each main magnetic pole,
each main magnetic pole comprises m series excitation coils and m shunt excitation coils, the series excitation coils and the shunt excitation coils are respectively formed by winding insulating conductor bars consisting of strip conductors wrapped with insulating layers on the main magnetic pole,
the insulated conductor strip in each of the series excitation winding units has a series excitation end and a series excitation other end distinguished according to a preset current direction of the series excitation coil,
the insulated conductor strip in each shunt excitation winding unit has a shunt excitation end and a shunt excitation end which are distinguished according to a preset current direction of the shunt excitation coil,
each pair of the main magnetic poles comprises an S-pole main magnetic pole and an N-pole main magnetic pole which correspond to the winding direction of the series exciting coil and the preset current direction of the series exciting coil, each pair of the electric brushes comprises an S-pole corresponding electric brush corresponding to the S-pole main magnetic pole and an N-pole corresponding electric brush corresponding to the N-pole main magnetic pole,
all the series excitation ends of the insulated conductor bars of all the series excitation winding units are electrically connected with the brushes corresponding to the S poles in all the brushes; or, all the series ends of the insulated conductor bars of each series excitation winding unit are electrically connected with the corresponding brushes with N poles in all the brushes,
m of the series-excited other ends of the series-excited field winding units serve as m first external terminals for electrical connection with one pole of the external direct-current power supply device,
the m brushes which are not connected with the series end of the series excitation winding unit are respectively provided with a terminal as m second external terminals for electrically connecting with the other pole of the external direct current power supply device,
m shunt excitation ends of the shunt excitation winding units are electrically connected with m first external terminals, and m shunt excitation other ends of the shunt excitation winding units are electrically connected with m second external terminals; or m shunt excitation ends of each shunt excitation winding unit are electrically connected with m second external terminals, and m shunt excitation ends are electrically connected with m first external terminals,
and m is a positive integer not less than 2.
3. The series-parallel excited direct current motor according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising:
a junction box fixed on the machine shell,
wherein m of the first external terminals and m of the second external terminals are provided within the junction box.
4. The series-parallel excited direct current motor according to claim 3, wherein:
wherein one of the first external terminals and a corresponding one of the second external terminals constitute a wiring unit.
5. The series-parallel excited direct current motor according to claim 4, wherein:
the m wiring units are correspondingly and electrically connected with at least one external direct current power supply device.
6. The series-parallel excited direct current motor according to claim 2, wherein:
the insulated conductor bar is any one of an enameled wire and an insulated copper conducting bar.
7. The series-parallel excited direct current motor according to claim 2, wherein:
wherein the winding direction and the number of turns of the m series excitation coils on each main magnetic pole are the same,
the winding direction and the number of turns of the m shunt excitation coils are the same.
8. The series-parallel excited direct current motor according to claim 2, wherein:
wherein, in each series field winding unit, the connection relationship of the series field coils is any one of series connection, parallel connection and series-parallel connection,
the connection relationship of the plurality of series field coils in each series field winding unit is the same,
in each of the shunt excitation winding units, the connection relationship of the plurality of shunt excitation coils is any one of parallel connection, parallel connection and series-parallel connection,
the connection relations of the parallel excitation coils in the parallel excitation winding units are the same.
9. The series-parallel excited direct current motor according to claim 2, wherein:
wherein, the connection mode of the armature windings is any one of single-layer folding, overlapping and complex wave.
10. The series-parallel excited direct current motor according to claim 2, wherein:
wherein the DC power supply device is one of a chopper, a battery and a rectified power supply.
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| CN201810497428.XA CN110518771B (en) | 2018-05-22 | 2018-05-22 | Series-parallel excitation direct current motor |
| US17/052,534 US11211855B2 (en) | 2018-05-22 | 2018-11-08 | Direct current motor |
| PCT/CN2018/114621 WO2019223253A1 (en) | 2018-05-22 | 2018-11-08 | Direct current motor |
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| CN201810497428.XA CN110518771B (en) | 2018-05-22 | 2018-05-22 | Series-parallel excitation direct current motor |
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| US11211855B2 (en) | 2018-05-22 | 2021-12-28 | University Of Shanghai For Science And Technology | Direct current motor |
| CN117674519B (en) * | 2024-02-03 | 2024-06-14 | 泉州开普勒车用电机有限公司 | Production method of compound excitation type stator |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7239063B2 (en) * | 2003-01-23 | 2007-07-03 | Asmo Co., Ltd. | Motor having supply brushes |
| JP2010098930A (en) * | 2008-09-22 | 2010-04-30 | Asmo Co Ltd | Brushed hybrid excitation motor and method of driving the same |
| CN203933177U (en) * | 2014-06-24 | 2014-11-05 | 溧阳市宏达电机有限公司 | A kind of direct-current series-excited variable-blade motor |
| CN106602947A (en) * | 2016-12-28 | 2017-04-26 | 上海理工大学 | Electric driving unit, chopper circuit, DC motor and electric equipment |
| CN107086831A (en) * | 2017-05-03 | 2017-08-22 | 上海理工大学 | Direct current drive drive device and electrical equipment |
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2018
- 2018-05-22 CN CN201810497428.XA patent/CN110518771B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7239063B2 (en) * | 2003-01-23 | 2007-07-03 | Asmo Co., Ltd. | Motor having supply brushes |
| JP2010098930A (en) * | 2008-09-22 | 2010-04-30 | Asmo Co Ltd | Brushed hybrid excitation motor and method of driving the same |
| CN203933177U (en) * | 2014-06-24 | 2014-11-05 | 溧阳市宏达电机有限公司 | A kind of direct-current series-excited variable-blade motor |
| CN106602947A (en) * | 2016-12-28 | 2017-04-26 | 上海理工大学 | Electric driving unit, chopper circuit, DC motor and electric equipment |
| CN107086831A (en) * | 2017-05-03 | 2017-08-22 | 上海理工大学 | Direct current drive drive device and electrical equipment |
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