CN111237377B - 可调节减振器和具有这种减振器的车辆 - Google Patents
可调节减振器和具有这种减振器的车辆 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种可调节减振器和具有这种减振器的车辆。该可调节减振器、尤其是多管减振器,包括:彼此同轴布置的外管、至少一个中间管和内管;同心补偿腔,其构造在外管与中间管之间,用于接收液压流体和气体,和活塞杆,其具有活塞,活塞可移动地布置在内管中并且将内管的内部划分成第一工作腔和第二工作腔,该可调节减振器的特征在于至少一个第一减振阀和至少一个分离的第二减振阀,其中,这些减振阀布置在外壁上,并且其中,第一工作腔通过第一减振阀流体连接到所述补偿腔以调节压力级,并且第二工作腔通过第二减振阀流体连接到所述补偿腔以调节牵引级。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于车辆的可调节减振器。根据专利权利要求1的前序部分的减振器例如由DE 36 09 862 A1已知。
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的在于,限定一种改进的减振器,尤其是提供一种减振器特性曲线具有改进的可调节性的减振器。本发明的目的还在于限定一种车辆。
根据本发明,该目的通过权利要求1的主题关于减振器来实现。关于车辆,上述目的通过权利要求15的主题实现。
本发明具有各种优点:
减振阀可以从外部接近(组装/拆卸);较小的减振器长度是可能的;压力级和牵引级可以彼此独立地调节;改善的对减振器特性曲线的调节。通过将补偿腔环形地集成在中间管周围,可以降低部件复杂性。气体区域中减振器的外部尺寸减小;补偿腔中的气体比例更小;可以使用标准密封组件(单管减振器);保护液压部件(阀、泵等)免受油中释放的气泡的损坏;生产简单且成本有效;构造上简单的结构;改进的油对气体的密封;防止分离元件受到高压缩力的损坏;设置或调节压力级和牵引级的简单解决方案;通过气体预张紧液压油;更多的各种变型;分离压力级的旁路流和牵引级的旁路流;分离牵引级的旁路流的简单解决方案;简单的设计结构;将旁路管道简单地连接到基部体上的减振阀;便宜且易于生产;通过部件集成降低部件复杂性;可变调节使得在运行期间能够适应减振器特性曲线;固定的设置使得能够例如在组装之后对减振器特性曲线进行特定于要求的调节。
因此,本发明的主题是一种用于车辆的可调节减振器、尤其是多管减振器,其包括:
-彼此同轴布置的外管、至少一个中间管和内管;
-同心补偿腔,其配置在外管与中间管之间,用于接收液压流体和气体,和
-活塞杆,其具有活塞,该活塞可移动地布置在内管中并且将内管的内部划分成第一工作室和第二工作室,所述减振器的特征在于至少一个第一减振阀和至少一个分离的第二减振阀,其中,这些减振阀布置在外壁上,并且其中,第一工作腔通过第一减振阀流体连接到补偿腔以调节压力级,并且第二工作腔通过第二减振阀流体连接到补偿腔以调节牵引级。
本发明的另一主题是一种具有至少一个可调节减振器的车辆。
本发明的优选实施例在从属权利要求中限定。
在本发明的另一实施例中,补偿腔具有环形的构造,尤其是由环形间隙形成。
根据本发明的另一实施例,补偿腔在气体区域中如此构造,使得其截面、尤其是环形横截面至少在一些区段中收窄。
根据本发明的另一实施例,在补偿腔中布置至少一个分离元件,该分离元件能够轴向移位并且将减振油与阻尼气体以流体密封的方式分离。
在本发明的另一实施例中,分离元件具有环形的构造。
根据本发明的另一实施例,分离元件借助至少一个密封唇以流体密封的方式抵靠外管和/或中间管。
根据本发明的另一实施例,分离元件具有可弹性变形的构造。
在本发明的另一实施例中,减振阀分别由至少一个节流阀和/或至少一个节流止回阀形成。
根据本发明的另一实施例,气体直接地或在可压缩气体容器、尤其是气囊中引入到补偿腔中。
根据本发明的另一实施例,减振器的特征在于第一旁路管道和第二旁路管道,其中,将第一减振阀分配给第一旁路管道,将第二减振阀分配给第二旁路管道。
在本发明的另一实施例中,用于单独地调节压力级和牵引级的旁路管道彼此分离地布置。
根据本发明的另一实施例,第二旁路管道至少部分地构造在内管与中间管之间。
根据本发明的另一实施例,旁路管道至少部分地延伸穿过基部体。
在本发明的另一实施例中,旁路管道分别包括能够由相关的减振阀可变地调节的和/或被固定地设置的旁路横截面。
附图说明
下面参照附图更详细地说明本发明。所示的设计表示如何能够设计根据本发明的减振器的、特别是根据本发明的分离元件的示例。
在这些示例中,
图1是减振器的纵向剖视图,特别是具有用于设置压缩级和回弹级的减振阀装置的双管减振器;
图2是如图1所示的减振器在回弹冲击下的纵向剖视图;
图3是如图1所示的减振器在受到加压时的纵向剖视图;
图4是具有根据本发明的设计的分离元件的根据图1的减振器的纵向剖视图;
图5至图9是根据本发明的设计的分离元件的纵向剖视图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了减振器10的纵向剖视图,该减振器具有由外管11同轴围绕的中间管12和由中间管12同轴围绕的内管13、往复活塞杆15和布置在活塞杆15上的活塞16,内管13具有内部空间17。活塞16将内管13的内部17划分成远离活塞杆的第一工作腔18和活塞杆侧上的第二工作腔19。外管11、中间管12和内管13的远离活塞杆的端部通向具有外壁10a的基部体25。第一减振阀20和第二减振阀21布置在基部体25的外壁10a上。在活塞杆侧上,内管13具有通道32。在外管11与中间管12之间示出了具有气体区域22的平衡腔14。第一工作腔18经由旁路通道23穿过第一减振阀20与平衡腔14经由第一减振阀20的节流阀26流体连接。第二工作腔19经由旁路通道24经由第二减振阀21的节流阀26流体连接到平衡腔14。在外管11、中间管12和内管13的端部处,在背离基部体25的一侧上示出了具有加强垫圈28的加强元件29。在基部体25的背向内部空间17的一侧上,在基部体25上布置有用于连接减振器10的连接元件31。
图2示出了根据图1的受到拉伸载荷的减振器10的纵向横截面图,其中节流止回阀27另外以流体连接的方式布置为平行于第一减振阀20的节流阀26并且平行于第二减振阀21的节流阀26。虚线箭头示出了穿过用于设置压力级的第一减振阀20的流体流动。实线箭头表示穿过用于设置回弹级的第二减振阀21的流体流动。
图3示出了根据图1的受到加压的减振器10的纵向剖视图,节流止回阀27借此布置为平行于第一减振阀20的节流阀26并且平行于第二减振阀21的节流阀26。实线箭头示出了穿过用于设置压力级的第一减振阀20的流体流动。虚线箭头示出了穿过用于设置回弹级的第二减振阀21的流体流动。
图4示出了根据图1的具有根据本发明的分离元件40的减振器的纵向剖视图。分离元件40在外管11与中间管12之间的区域中的补偿空间14中布置并分离。分离元件40可以轴向移动并且将减振油与减振气体、特别是平衡腔14的气体区域22分离。
图5示出了根据具有会聚锥段几何体41的巧妙设计的分离元件40的纵向剖视图。
图6示出了根据本发明的另一设计的分离元件40的纵向剖视图,分离元件40具有会聚锥段几何体41和密封元件47,该密封元件在分离元件的一个端面上凹入。
图7示出了根据本发明的另一设计的分离元件40的纵向剖视图,分离元件40具有朝向彼此会聚的锥段几何体41和在端面凹入的密封元件48,其例如具有作为平环形状的矩形横截面。
图8示出了根据本发明的另一设计的分离元件40的纵向剖视图,分离元件40具有朝向彼此会聚的锥段几何形状41和嵌入在端面处的密封元件49,其例如具有作为圆环形状的圆形横截面。
图9示出了根据本发明的具有矩形几何形状41的另一设计的分离元件40的纵向剖视图。分离元件40具有周向外槽52a和周向内槽52b,在周向外槽52a中,例如具有圆形横截面的密封元件51a布置为圆环形状,在周向内槽52b中,例如具有圆形横截面的密封元件51b布置为圆环形状。
附图标记表
10 减振器
10a 外壁
11 外管
12 中间管
13 内管
14 补偿腔
15 活塞杆
16 活塞
17 内部
18 第一工作腔
19 第二工作腔
20 第一减振阀
21 第二减振阀
22 气体区域
23 旁路管道
24 旁路管道
25 基部体
26 节流阀
27 节流止回阀
28 加强板
29 加强元件
31a 外部密封元件
31b 内部密封元件
30 底阀
32a 外槽
32b 内槽
33 紧固装置
34 第一轴向端区域
35 第二轴向端区域
40 分离元件
41 锥段几何形状
42 第二工作腔
43 活塞杆
44 活塞杆引导件
45 封闭盖
46 基部体
47 密封元件
Claims (17)
1.一种用于车辆的可调节减振器(10),包括:
-彼此同轴布置的外管(11)、至少一个中间管(12)和内管(13);
-同心的 补偿腔(14),其构造在所述外管(11)与所述中间管(12)之间,用于接收液压流体和气体,和
-活塞杆(15),其具有活塞(16),所述活塞(16)可移动地布置在所述内管(13)中并且将所述内管(13)的内部(17)划分成第一工作腔(18)和第二工作腔(19),
其特征在于
至少一个第一减振阀(20)和至少一个分离的第二减振阀(21),其中,所述减振阀(20、21)布置在外壁(10a)上,并且其中,所述第一工作腔(18)通过所述第一减振阀(20)流体连接到所述补偿腔(14)以调节压力级,并且所述第二工作腔(19)通过所述第二减振阀(21)流体连接到所述补偿腔(14)以调节牵引级;在所述补偿腔(14)中布置至少一个分离元件(40),所述分离元件(40)能够轴向移位并且将减振油与减振气体以流体密封的方式分离,所述分离元件(40)具有朝向彼此会聚的锥段几何形状(41)和嵌入在端面处的密封元件(49)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的减振器,
其特征在于,
所述补偿腔(14)具有环形构造。
3.根据权利要求2所述的减振器,
其特征在于,
所述补偿腔(14)由环形间隙来形成。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的减振器,
其特征在于,
所述补偿腔(14)在气体区域(22)中如此构造,使得其横截面至少在一些区段中收窄。
5.根据权利要求2-3任一项所述的减振器,
其特征在于,
所述补偿腔(14)在气体区域(22)中如此构造,使得其环形横截面至少在一些区段中收窄。
6.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的减振器,
其特征在于,
所述分离元件(40)具有环形的构造。
7.根据权利要求4所述的减振器,
其特征在于,
所述分离元件(40)借助至少一个密封唇(47)以流体密封的方式抵靠所述外管(11)和/或所述中间管(12)。
8.根据权利要求6所述的减振器,
其特征在于,
所述分离元件(40)具有可弹性变形的构造。
9.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的减振器,
其特征在于,
所述减振阀(20、21)分别由至少一个节流阀(26)和/或至少一个节流止回阀(27)形成。
10.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的减振器,
其特征在于,
所述气体直接地或者在可压缩气体容器中引入到所述补偿腔中。
11.根据权利要求10所述的减振器,
其特征在于,
所述可压缩气体容器是气囊。
12.根据权利要求1所述的减振器,
其特征在于,
第一旁路管道(23)和第二旁路管道(24),其中,将所述第一减振阀(20)分配给所述第一旁路管道(23),并且将所述第二减振阀(21)分配给所述第二旁路管道(24)。
13.根据权利要求12所述的减振器,
其特征在于,
用于单独地调节所述压力级或所述牵引级的所述旁路管道(23、24)彼此分离地布置。
14.根据权利要求12或13所述的减振器,
其特征在于,
所述第二旁路管道(24)至少部分地构造在所述内管(13)与所述中间管(12)之间。
15.根据权利要求12-13中任一项所述的减振器,
其特征在于,
所述旁路管道(23、24)至少部分地延伸穿过基部体(25)。
16.根据权利要求12-13中任一项所述的减振器,
其特征在于,
所述旁路管道(23、24)分别包括能够通过相关的减振阀(20、21)来可变地调节的和/或被固定地设置的旁路横截面。
17.一种车辆,具有至少一个根据权利要求1至16中任一项所述的可调节减振器。
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