CN111236948B - High-pressure branch pipe excavation method - Google Patents
High-pressure branch pipe excavation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111236948B CN111236948B CN202010033507.2A CN202010033507A CN111236948B CN 111236948 B CN111236948 B CN 111236948B CN 202010033507 A CN202010033507 A CN 202010033507A CN 111236948 B CN111236948 B CN 111236948B
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- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 158
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 6
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/006—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries by making use of blasting methods
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
- E21D20/02—Setting anchoring-bolts with provisions for grouting
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
- E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/14—Layout of tunnels or galleries; Constructional features of tunnels or galleries, not otherwise provided for, e.g. portals, day-light attenuation at tunnel openings
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a construction method for excavating a high-pressure branch pipe. According to a high-pressure branch pipe design structure, dividing branch pipe excavation into branch pipe excavation, branch pipe locking port support and branch pipe excavation in sequence; the branch pipe and branch pipe excavation comprises middle excavation, protective layer excavation and bottom plate excavation. According to the invention, the excavation at the middle parts of the branch pipe and the branch pipe, the protective layer excavation and the bottom plate excavation can effectively release the ground stress, the damage of the protective layer excavation to the rock mass is small, and the stability of the surrounding rock and the excavation molding quality are ensured; a locking anchor rod is arranged at the joint of the branch pipe and the branch pipe, so that rock mass anchoring at the joint is completed in advance, blasting vibration and structural stress concentration influence are reduced, and surrounding rock stability and excavation molding quality are ensured; the problem of large deviation of hole positions of peripheral holes and drilling angles can be effectively solved by visual arrangement after the protective layer is excavated, the peripheral holes are arranged hole by hole and lofted and the holes are arranged at intervals, and the excavation molding quality of the high-pressure branch pipe is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hydroelectric and hydraulic engineering, particularly belongs to the technical field of branch pipe excavation of underground caverns, and particularly relates to a construction method for branch pipe excavation under a high water head.
Background
The high-pressure branch pipe is an important component of a water delivery power generation system, and mainly bears internal and external water pressures and transmits the internal water pressure to surrounding rock masses. The permeability coefficients of the internal water and the external water mainly depend on the integrity of rock mass, the excavation quality of the high-pressure branch pipe is improved, the subsequent high-pressure grouting work amount can be reduced, the construction cost is reduced, and the stability of a cavern is improved.
The high-pressure branch pipe excavation construction requirements meet the conditions of small excavation blasting vibration, high excavation forming quality, good rock integrity and the like, and the excavation sequence is generally carried out after the branch pipe is excavated. The branch pipe and the branch pipe are excavated, blasted and vibrated for many times, stress concentration and relaxation damage of a joint part of the branch pipe are caused by the influence of high ground stress, so that rib stripping and block loosening collapse are caused, and the stability and the structural molding of surrounding rocks are not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention discloses a construction method for excavating a high-pressure branch pipe according to the defects of the prior art. The invention aims to provide a high-pressure branch pipe excavation construction method which is better in forming quality, higher in construction efficiency and safer.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a high-pressure branch pipe excavation construction method is characterized by comprising the following steps: according to a high-pressure branch pipe design structure, dividing high-pressure branch pipe excavation into branch pipe excavation, branch pipe locking port support, branch opening excavation and branch pipe excavation in sequence; the branch pipe and the branch pipe are excavated by respectively excavating the middle part, the protective layer and the bottom plate; the fork excavation comprises middle excavation and protective layer excavation;
the middle excavation range of the branch pipe and the branch pipe is a middle area which is 2.0m above a designed excavation bottom plate and is 1.5-2.0 m away from a designed excavation side line, the protection layer excavation range is an outer periphery area of the middle excavation area, and the bottom plate excavation range is an area which is 2.0m above the designed bottom plate excavation line; the middle excavation range of the fork excavation is a middle area with a design excavation structure line of 1.0-1.5 m, and the protection layer excavation range is an area except the middle area.
The branch pipe excavation and the branch pipe excavation are sequentially carried out with middle excavation, protective layer excavation and bottom plate excavation; the protective layer excavation is carried out after the middle excavation is advanced by 30m, and the bottom plate excavation is carried out after the protective layer excavation is advanced by 30 m; the middle excavation direction of the fork excavation is from the branch pipe to the branch pipe, the protective layer excavation direction is from the branch pipe to the branch pipe, and the protective layer excavation is carried out after the middle excavation is finished.
The middle excavation adopts straight hole cutting smooth blasting excavation, and the ground stress is released in advance; and excavating the protective layer in a smooth blasting mode.
And (3) hole forming is carried out on protective layer excavation of branch pipe excavation and branch pipe excavation by adopting YT-28 hand-blast drilling, smooth blasting construction is carried out, the depth of a blasting hole is not more than 4.5m, the hole distance is not more than 50cm, and the resistance distance is not more than 60 cm.
And (3) adopting YT-28 hand-air drilling to form holes for protective layer excavation of fork opening, performing smooth blasting construction, wherein the depth of a blasting hole is not more than 3.5m, the hole distance is not more than 40cm, and the resistance line is not more than 50 cm.
And (4) carrying out hole drilling angle and direction control in a mode of carrying out hole-by-hole lofting and hole spacing arrangement according to the peripheral holes excavated by each protective layer.
After the branch pipe excavation, the branch pipe bottom plate excavation and the supporting are finished, one row to two rows of locking anchor rods are arranged at the intersection of the branch pipe and the branch pipe, and then the branch opening excavation is carried out.
The locking anchor rods are arranged in one row to two rows along the outer side line of the intersection structure of the branch pipe and the branch pipe, the row distance between the locking anchor rods and the intersection structure side line is 0.5-2 m, and the row distance between adjacent locking anchor rods is 0.5-2 m; the distance between adjacent fore shaft anchor rods in the same row is 0.5-2 m.
The locking anchor rod adopts a mortar anchor rod with the length L of 4.5-6M and the diameter phi of 25-phi 28 and the mortar strength M30.
The process has the advantages that:
the conventional construction high-pressure branch pipe is formed by one-step excavation, the blasting vibration influence is large, the integrity of rock mass is poor, the rib falling block and the relaxation collapse are easily caused, and the branch pipe forming and the surrounding rock stabilization are not utilized. According to the invention, the excavation, the protective layer excavation and the bottom plate excavation are carried out at the middle part of the branch pipe of the fork, so that the ground stress can be effectively released, the damage of the protective layer excavation to the rock mass is small, and the stability of the surrounding rock and the excavation molding quality are ensured.
The branch point excavation is divided into middle excavation and protective layer excavation, the ground stress can be effectively released, the ground stress of the branch point intersection is redistributed, the stress balance is ensured, the damage of the protective layer excavation to rock mass is small, and the intersection excavation forming quality and the integrity of the rock mass are ensured.
In the conventional construction, branch pipe excavation is directly carried out after branch pipe excavation supporting is finished, repeated blasting vibration and structural stress concentration influence are easily caused at the joint part of the branch pipe, block falling and loosening collapse are easily caused, and branch pipe forming and surrounding rock stabilization are not utilized. According to the invention, the locking anchor rod is arranged at the joint part of the branch pipe of the turnout, so that the rock mass anchoring of the joint part is completed in advance, the blasting vibration and the structural stress concentration influence are reduced, and the stability of surrounding rock and the excavation molding quality are ensured.
The peripheral holes of the high-pressure branch pipe are constructed according to the central line and the excavation radius in a conventional construction mode, and the deviation of the hole positions of the peripheral holes and the drilling angle is large. The invention can effectively solve the problem of large deviation of hole positions of peripheral holes and drilling angles after the peripheral holes are lofted hole by hole and the peripheral holes are spaced, thereby ensuring the excavation molding quality of the high-pressure branch pipe.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of high-pressure branch pipe excavation partition partitioning by the excavation method of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a layout view of a reinforcing and supporting measure for a joint portion of a branch pipe according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a sequence diagram of the branch pipe excavation according to the present invention.
In the figure, 1 is a branch pipe, 2 is a branch pipe, 3 is a branch, A is a branch protective layer, B is a branch pipe middle part, C is a branch pipe bottom plate, D is a branch pipe locking anchor rod, E is a branch middle part, and F is a branch protective layer.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the following detailed description, which is intended to further illustrate the principles of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention in any way, but is equivalent or analogous to the present invention without departing from its scope.
With reference to the attached drawings.
The method comprises the following steps of excavating the middle part of a branch pipe of the high-pressure branch pipe, excavating a branch pipe protective layer, excavating a branch pipe bottom plate and excavating a branch pipe joint part. The middle excavation is 2.0m above a designed excavation bottom plate and 1.5-2.0 m away from a designed excavation line, and is detailed in part B in the figure 1; the protection is within the range of 1.5-2.0 m of the periphery outside the middle part, which is detailed in part A in figure 1; the floor is designed to be 2.0m above the floor excavation line, as shown in detail in section C of fig. 1.
Straight hole cutting smooth surface blasting forming is adopted for middle excavation of the branch pipe, YT-28 hand-drill drilling is adopted for drilling, the distance between the cutting holes is not more than 50cm, the hole depth is not more than 3.5m, the distance between the auxiliary holes is not more than 80cm, the hole depth is not more than 3.0m, the distance between the light blasting holes is not more than 50cm, and the hole depth is not more than 3.0 m.
And (3) excavating the protective layer, drilling holes by using YT-28 hand-power drill, performing smooth blasting construction, lofting the light blasting holes hole by hole, spacing the holes in the rear view direction, wherein the depth of the blasting holes is not more than 4.5m, the hole pitch is not more than 50cm, and the resistance line is not more than 60 cm.
And (3) carrying out bottom plate excavation by adopting YT-28 hand-operated drill hole forming, carrying out smooth blasting construction, carrying out hole-by-hole lofting on a smooth blasting hole, and arranging holes at intervals in the rear view direction, wherein the depth of the blasting hole is not more than 3.5m, the hole pitch is not more than 50cm, and the resistance line is not more than 60 cm.
And after the branch pipe excavation supporting is finished, two rows of locking anchor rods are constructed at the joint part of the branch pipe, the anchor rods are drilled by adopting 100B holes, and the anchor rods are manually matched with mechanical equipment for installation.
And (3) branch pipe excavation adopts YT-28 hand-blast drilling hole formation, smooth blasting construction is carried out, middle excavation is carried out from a fork to the direction of the branch pipe, then protective layer excavation is carried out, and the construction method is the same as that of branch pipe excavation.
And (3) after excavation and supporting of branch pipes and branch pipes are finished, excavating and drilling in the middle of the branch, wherein YT-28 hand-air drill drilling is adopted, the distance between cut holes is not more than 50cm, the hole depth is not more than 3.0m, the distance between auxiliary holes is not more than 60cm, the hole depth is not more than 2.5m, the distance between light explosion holes is not more than 50cm, and the hole depth is not more than 2.5 m. The fork extends 5-30 m from the intersection of the branch pipe and the branch pipe along the branch pipe.
And (3) excavating the fork protective layer, forming holes by using YT-28 hand-operated drill, performing smooth blasting construction, performing hole-by-hole lofting on the smooth blasting holes, and spacing holes in the back viewing direction, wherein the depth of each blasting hole is not more than 3.5m, the hole pitch is not more than 40cm, and the resistance line is not more than 50 cm.
The process of the invention is illustrated below by taking the construction of a high-pressure branch pipe of a certain hydropower station as an example.
Firstly, excavating the middle part of a branch pipe by using a hand drill, then excavating a protective layer, excavating a bottom plate, and performing smooth blasting molding.
The middle excavation is carried out by adopting a straight hole undermining mode, the distance between undermining holes is 40cm, the hole depth is 3.5m, the distance between auxiliary holes is 75cm, the hole depth is 3.0m, the distance between light blasting holes is 45cm, the hole depth is 3.0m, and the light blasting holes are blasted by adopting uncoupled powder charging.
And (3) drilling holes by hand-air drilling, performing smooth blasting molding, wherein the auxiliary hole interval is 75cm, the hole depth is 4.5m, the light blasting hole interval is 45cm, the hole depth is 4.5m, and the light blasting holes are blasted by using uncoupled powder charging.
The bottom plate is excavated by adopting hand-blast drilling to form holes, smooth blasting is carried out for forming, the distance between auxiliary holes is 75cm, the hole depth is 3.5m, the distance between light blasting holes is 50cm, the hole depth is 3.5m, and the light blasting holes are blasted by adopting uncoupled powder charging.
And (3) carrying out branch pipe joint part reinforcing support construction after the branch pipe excavation system is supported, forming holes on the locking anchor rod by adopting 100B, and grouting the anchor rod by manually matching with machinery, wherein phi 25 and L of the locking anchor rod are 6.0 m. After the strength of the locking anchor rod reaches 75% of the design strength, the construction of excavating the joint part of the branch pipe can be carried out.
And (3) branch pipe excavation adopts YT-28 hand-blast drilling hole formation, smooth blasting construction is carried out, middle excavation is carried out from a fork to the direction of the branch pipe, then protective layer excavation is carried out, and the construction method is the same as that of branch pipe excavation.
And YT-28 hand pneumatic drill drilling is adopted for drilling holes in the middle of the fork, the distance between cut holes is not more than 50cm, the hole depth is not more than 3.0m, the distance between auxiliary holes is not more than 60cm, the hole depth is not more than 2.5m, the distance between light explosion holes is not more than 50cm, and the hole depth is not more than 2.5 m.
And (3) excavating the fork protective layer, forming holes by using YT-28 hand-operated drill, performing smooth blasting construction, performing hole-by-hole lofting on the smooth blasting holes, and spacing holes in the back viewing direction, wherein the depth of each blasting hole is not more than 3.5m, the hole pitch is not more than 40cm, and the resistance line is not more than 50 cm.
Claims (9)
1. A high-pressure branch pipe excavation construction method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
according to a high-pressure branch pipe design structure, dividing high-pressure branch pipe excavation into branch pipe excavation, branch pipe locking port support, branch opening excavation and branch pipe excavation in sequence; the branch pipe excavation and the branch pipe excavation respectively comprise middle excavation, protective layer excavation and bottom plate excavation; the fork excavation comprises middle excavation and protective layer excavation;
the middle excavation range of the branch pipe and the branch pipe is a middle area which is 2.0m above a designed excavation bottom plate and is 1.5-2.0 m away from a designed excavation side line, the protection layer excavation range is an outer periphery area of the middle excavation area, and the bottom plate excavation range is an area which is 2.0m above the designed bottom plate excavation line; the middle excavation range of the fork excavation is a middle area which is 1.0-1.5 m away from the designed excavation structure line, and the protection layer excavation range is an area except the middle area.
2. The high-pressure branch pipe excavation construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the branch pipe excavation and the branch pipe excavation are sequentially carried out with middle excavation, protective layer excavation and bottom plate excavation; the protective layer excavation is carried out after the middle excavation is advanced by 30m, and the bottom plate excavation is carried out after the protective layer excavation is advanced by 30 m; the middle excavation direction of the fork excavation is from the branch pipe to the branch pipe, the protective layer excavation direction is from the branch pipe to the branch pipe, and the protective layer excavation is carried out after the middle excavation is finished.
3. The high-pressure branch pipe excavation construction method according to claim 2, characterized in that: the middle excavation adopts straight hole cutting smooth blasting excavation, and the ground stress is released in advance; and excavating the protective layer in a smooth blasting mode.
4. The high-pressure branch pipe excavation construction method according to claim 2, characterized in that: and (3) hole forming is carried out on protective layer excavation of branch pipe excavation and branch pipe excavation by adopting YT-28 hand-blast drilling, smooth blasting construction is carried out, the depth of a blasting hole is not more than 4.5m, the hole distance is not more than 50cm, and the resistance distance is not more than 60 cm.
5. The high-pressure branch pipe excavation construction method according to claim 2, characterized in that: and (3) adopting YT-28 hand-air drilling to form holes for protective layer excavation of fork opening, performing smooth blasting construction, wherein the depth of a blasting hole is not more than 3.5m, the hole distance is not more than 40cm, and the resistance line is not more than 50 cm.
6. The high-pressure branch pipe excavation construction method according to claim 2, characterized in that: and (4) carrying out hole drilling angle and direction control in a mode of carrying out hole-by-hole lofting and hole spacing arrangement according to the peripheral holes excavated by each protective layer.
7. The high-pressure branch pipe excavation construction method according to claim 2, characterized in that: after the branch pipe excavation, the branch pipe bottom plate excavation and the supporting are finished, one row to two rows of locking anchor rods are arranged at the intersection of the branch pipe and the branch pipe, and then the branch opening excavation is carried out.
8. The high-pressure branch pipe excavation construction method according to claim 7, characterized in that: the locking anchor rods are arranged in one row to two rows along the outer side line of the intersection structure of the branch pipe and the branch pipe, the row distance between the locking anchor rods and the intersection structure side line is 0.5-2 m, and the row distance between adjacent locking anchor rods is 0.5-2 m; the distance between adjacent fore shaft anchor rods in the same row is 0.5-2 m.
9. The high-pressure branch pipe excavation construction method according to claim 7, characterized in that: the locking anchor rod is a mortar anchor rod with the length L of 4.5-6M and the diameter phi of 25M, and the mortar strength is M30.
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| CN202010033507.2A CN111236948B (en) | 2020-01-13 | 2020-01-13 | High-pressure branch pipe excavation method |
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| CN202010033507.2A CN111236948B (en) | 2020-01-13 | 2020-01-13 | High-pressure branch pipe excavation method |
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