CN111232939A - Easier-to-peel g-C prepared by embedding stereo molecules3N4Method (2) - Google Patents

Easier-to-peel g-C prepared by embedding stereo molecules3N4Method (2) Download PDF

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CN111232939A
CN111232939A CN202010051384.5A CN202010051384A CN111232939A CN 111232939 A CN111232939 A CN 111232939A CN 202010051384 A CN202010051384 A CN 202010051384A CN 111232939 A CN111232939 A CN 111232939A
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temperature
embedding
stereomolecular
exfoliatable
calcining
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CN111232939B (en
Inventor
寇佳慧
周玲
陆春华
倪亚茹
张方舒
李玲
沈岳松
许仲梓
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Nanjing Huanfu New Material Technology Co Ltd
Nanjing Tech University
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Nanjing Huanfu New Material Technology Co Ltd
Nanjing Tech University
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B21/00Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
    • C01B21/06Binary compounds of nitrogen with metals, with silicon, or with boron, or with carbon, i.e. nitrides; Compounds of nitrogen with more than one metal, silicon or boron
    • C01B21/0605Binary compounds of nitrogen with carbon
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J27/00Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
    • B01J27/24Nitrogen compounds
    • B01J35/39
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82YSPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y40/00Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/01Particle morphology depicted by an image
    • C01P2004/04Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by TEM, STEM, STM or AFM
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/20Particle morphology extending in two dimensions, e.g. plate-like
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preparing easily stripped g-C by embedding stereo molecules3N4The method takes an organic compound with a triazine ring structure or an organic compound which can generate the triazine ring structure through polycondensation as a reaction precursor and a comonomer with a three-dimensional structure, and the modified g-C is prepared through a high-temperature thermal polymerization method3N4(ii) a After the reaction is finished, modifying the g-C3N4Spread on a ceramic sheet and stripped by thermal oxidation. The preparation method is simple, adopts cheap raw materials and simple equipment conditions, has few human interference factors in the preparation process, does not need expensive equipment in the preparation process, and does not need to add chemical reagents; preparation of modified g-C which is more easily exfoliated3N4Its photocatalytic activity is pureg‑C3N4Compared with the prior art, the method can be improved by 8 times.

Description

Easier-to-peel g-C prepared by embedding stereo molecules3N4Method (2)
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of photocatalytic materials, and particularly relates to a method for preparing easily-stripped g-C by embedding stereo molecules3N4The method of (1).
Background
With the continuous development of economic society, the excessive consumption of fossil fuels causes global energy crisis and environmental pollution. The characteristics of renewable hydrogen energy, no pollution and high energy density make the hydrogen energy become a new energy with great utilization value. Photocatalytic water splitting technology is one of the most promising methods for converting solar energy into storable hydrogen energy.
g-C3N4The polymer semiconductor is a visible light response type polymer semiconductor, has a band gap of 2.7eV, and has many excellent properties, such as good chemical and thermodynamic stability, low price, simple and convenient preparation and the like. g-C3N4The introduction of the photocatalytic field has attracted a wide public interest, despite the g-C3N4The initial activity of (a) is not obvious, but it opens new door for the study of organic photocatalysis. Over the past decades, scientists have developed many enhancements to g-C3N4The method for producing hydrogen by photocatalytic water splitting comprises the following steps: lift-off, designing nanostructures, doping elements, building heterojunctions, etc., thermal oxidation lift-off is one of the most common and effective means. However, due to g-C3N4Close stacking of layers, which are difficult to peel, still presents a number of bottlenecks to solve, such as the worldSurface defects, reduced light absorption, and low yield: (<6%), etc. If one weakens g-C3N4Method of stacking, then g-C3N4The peeling becomes easy, so that the defect caused by the peeling can be overcome in advance.
Molecular copolymerization was demonstrated to modulate g-C3N4Efficient methods for electronic and band structure. In general, the monomers for molecular copolymerization are mostly planar two-dimensional molecules for extending g-C3N4And accelerate in-plane electron-hole separation. However, molecules with a three-dimensional structure are in g-C3N4Is seriously overlooked because the stereo molecule would act as an interlayer scaffold to weaken g-C3N4Are stacked one on top of the other. Due to the existing problems, a preparation method which is simpler, efficient, low in cost and strong in practicability is further sought.
Disclosure of Invention
The object of the present invention is to solve g-C3N4The problems of low photocatalytic activity and difficult stripping are solved, the problems in the prior art are solved, and the easier-to-strip g-C prepared by embedding stereo molecules is provided3N4The method of (1).
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the stereo molecular scaffold is doped into g-C by a high-temperature thermal polymerization method3N4In the molecular plane of the modified g-C, and then the modified g-C is subjected to thermal oxidation stripping3N4Stripping is carried out, so that modified g-C with easier stripping and better catalytic performance is obtained3N4
Easier-to-peel g-C prepared by embedding stereo molecules3N4The method comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing the reaction precursor and the molecular scaffold with a three-dimensional structure, and calcining at high temperature to synthesize the block modified g-C3N4
The reaction precursor is an organic compound with a triazine ring structure or can generate the organic compound with the triazine ring structure through polycondensation;
(2) modifying g-C with the block obtained in step (1)3N4Taking the raw material as a raw material, and carrying out thermal oxidation stripping to obtain modified g-C3N4Nanosheets.
Further, the temperature of the high-temperature calcination synthesis in the step (1) is 520-550 ℃, and the reaction time is 1-4 hours; the temperature of thermal oxidation stripping in the step (2) is 520-550 ℃, and the stripping time is 1-3 hours.
Further, the reaction precursor in the step (1) is melamine or dicyandiamide.
Further, the molecular scaffold with a three-dimensional structure is allantoin.
Further, the mass part ratio of the molecular scaffold with the three-dimensional structure to the reaction precursor is 0.02-0.3: 10.
Further, the specific process of the step (1) is as follows: uniformly mixing the reaction precursor and the molecular scaffold with the three-dimensional structure, placing the mixture in a high-temperature resistant container, placing the high-temperature resistant container filled with the reaction precursor and the molecular scaffold with the three-dimensional structure, uniformly mixing the mixture in a calcining device, raising the temperature of the calcining device from room temperature to 520-550 ℃, and calcining for 4 hours at the temperature of 520-550 ℃.
Further, the temperature rise rate of the calcining equipment in the step (1) is controlled to be 25 ℃/min.
Further, the specific process of the step (2) is as follows: modifying the blocks with g-C3N4Grinding the mixture into powder in a mortar, flatly paving the powder on a ceramic sheet, placing the ceramic sheet paved with the powder in a calcining device, and calcining the ceramic sheet at 520-550 ℃ for 3 hours at the room temperature.
Further, the temperature rising rate of the calcining equipment in the step (2) from room temperature to 520-550 ℃ is 2 ℃/min.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the preparation method is simple, the human interference factors in the preparation process are few, expensive equipment is not needed in the preparation process, and chemical reagents are not needed to be added;
(2) by steric moleculesBetter g-C lift of embedding3N4Peeling effect of (2), modified g-C after peeling3N4With stripped pure g-C3N4Compared with the photocatalysis hydrogen production performance, the photocatalysis hydrogen production performance is improved by several times.
(3) After thermal oxidation stripping, g-C is modified3N4The photocatalytic hydrogen production of the nano-sheets can reach pure g-C3N48 times of the total weight of the composition;
(4) modified g-C prepared by the invention3N4Has thinner layer number and multi-fold appearance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is pure g-C3N4A transmission electron microscope image;
FIG. 2 is modification g-C3N4Transmission electron microscopy images of;
FIG. 3 is pure g-C3N4And modified g-C3N4Schematic diagram of photocatalytic hydrogen production after non-stripping and thermal oxidation stripping for 3 h.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by combining the attached drawings.
Example 1
Weighing 5g of melamine and 0.15g of allantoin, mixing, grinding uniformly, filling into a 100ml crucible, covering a crucible cover, and placing the crucible into a muffle furnace; setting a muffle furnace to raise the room temperature to 550 ℃, reacting for 4 hours, and naturally cooling to the room temperature after calcination to obtain the modified g-C3N4(ii) a Grinding the calcined sample into powder in an agate mortar, and weighing 0.1g of powder and flatly paving the powder on a ceramic sheet with the diameter of 10 cm; placing in a muffle furnace, calcining at 550 ℃ for 2 hours, controlling the heating rate at 2 ℃/min, naturally cooling to room temperature after calcining, and collecting to obtain modified g-C3N4Nanosheets;
the photocatalytic hydrogen production test results show that the modified g-C prepared in example 13N4The photocatalytic hydrogen production performance of the nano-sheets is non-stripped modified g-C3N43.6 times of that of the pure g-C after exfoliation prepared by conventional thermal polymerization3N4Photocatalytic hydrogen generation property ofCan only have pure g-C without stripping3N41.7 times of; block g-C prepared by traditional thermal polymerization method3N4Comparative example 1 preparation of modified g-C3N4The photocatalytic hydrogen production performance of the nanosheets is improved by 7 times.
Example 2
Weighing 5g of melamine and 0.025g of allantoin, mixing, grinding uniformly, filling into a 100ml crucible, covering a crucible cover, and placing the crucible into a muffle furnace; setting a muffle furnace to raise the room temperature to 520 ℃, reacting for 4 hours, and naturally cooling to the room temperature after calcination to obtain the modified g-C3N4(ii) a Grinding the calcined sample into powder in an agate mortar, and weighing 0.1g of powder and flatly paving the powder on a ceramic sheet with the diameter of 10 cm; placing in a muffle furnace, calcining at 550 ℃ for 1 hour, controlling the heating rate at 2 ℃/min, naturally cooling to room temperature after calcining, and collecting to obtain modified g-C3N4Nanosheets;
the photocatalytic hydrogen production test results show that the modified g-C prepared in example 23N4The photocatalytic hydrogen production performance of the nano-sheets is non-stripped modified g-C3N42.2 times of that of the pure g-C after exfoliation prepared by conventional thermal polymerization3N4The photocatalytic hydrogen production performance of the catalyst is pure g-C without stripping3N41.2 times of; block g-C prepared by traditional thermal polymerization method3N4Comparative, modified g-C prepared in example 23N4The photocatalytic hydrogen production performance of the nanosheets is improved by 2 times.
Example 3
Weighing 10g of dicyandiamide and 0.15g of allantoin, mixing, grinding uniformly, putting into a 100ml crucible, covering the crucible cover, and placing the crucible into a muffle furnace; setting a muffle furnace to raise the temperature from room temperature to 550 ℃, reacting for 4 hours, controlling the temperature raising rate to be 25 ℃/min, and naturally cooling to room temperature after calcination to obtain modified g-C3N4(ii) a Thermal oxidation stripping: grinding the calcined sample into powder in an agate mortar, and weighing 0.1g of powder and flatly paving the powder on a ceramic sheet with the diameter of 10 cm; placing in a muffle furnace, calcining at 550 deg.C for 3 hr, controlling heating rate at 2 deg.C/min, and naturally coolingCooling to room temperature to collect the modified g-C3N4Nanosheets;
the photocatalytic hydrogen production test results show that the modified g-C prepared in example 33N4The photocatalytic hydrogen production performance of the nano-sheets is that the nano-sheets are not stripped and modified g-C3N44.2 times of that of the pure g-C after exfoliation prepared by conventional thermal polymerization3N4The photocatalytic hydrogen production performance is that pure g-C is not stripped3N42.2 times of; block g-C prepared by traditional thermal polymerization method3N4Comparative example 3 preparation of modified g-C3N4The photocatalytic hydrogen production performance of the nanosheets is improved by 8 times.
Example 4
Weighing 10g of dicyandiamide and 0.02g of allantoin, mixing, grinding uniformly, putting into a 100ml crucible, covering the crucible cover, and placing the crucible into a muffle furnace; setting a muffle furnace to raise the room temperature to 520 ℃, reacting for 4 hours, and naturally cooling to the room temperature after calcination to obtain the modified g-C3N4(ii) a Grinding the calcined sample into powder in an agate mortar, and weighing 0.1g of powder and flatly paving the powder on a ceramic sheet with the diameter of 10 cm; placing in a muffle furnace, calcining at 550 ℃ for 4 hours, controlling the heating rate at 2 ℃/min, naturally cooling to room temperature after calcining, and collecting to obtain modified g-C3N4Nanosheets;
the photocatalytic hydrogen production test results show that the modified g-C prepared in example 43N4The photocatalytic hydrogen production performance of the nano-sheets is that the nano-sheets are not stripped and modified g-C3N43 times of that of the pure g-C after stripping prepared by the traditional thermal polymerization method3N4The photocatalytic hydrogen production performance is that pure g-C is not stripped3N41.6 times of; block g-C prepared by traditional thermal polymerization method3N4Comparative example 4 preparation of modified g-C3N4The photocatalytic hydrogen production performance of the nanosheets is improved by 5 times.
When the thermal oxidation stripping exceeds 4 hours, the resulting modified g-C3N4The yield of the nanosheets is too low.
In summary, pure g-C prepared by the thermal polymerization method3N4And modified g-C3N4Compared with the prior art, the molecular scaffold embedding can better promote the modified g-C after thermal oxidation stripping3N4The photocatalytic hydrogen production performance of the nanosheets is obviously improved.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the modification of g-C3N4With pure g-C3N4Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages of thinner layer number and multi-fold appearance. From FIG. 3, it can be seen that the modification g-C3N4And pure g-C3N4In contrast, modified g-C, whether thermally or not thermally oxidized3N4The photocatalytic hydrogen production is obviously higher than that of pure g-C3N4The amount of hydrogen produced.
In this embodiment, the refractory container is a ceramic crucible, the calcining device is a muffle furnace, and the mortar is an agate mortar, which are only examples and illustrations of the inventive concept, and those skilled in the art should be able to make various modifications or additions to the described embodiments or substitute them in a similar manner without departing from the inventive concept or exceeding the scope defined by the claims.

Claims (9)

1. Easier-to-peel g-C prepared by embedding stereo molecules3N4The method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing the reaction precursor and the molecular scaffold with a three-dimensional structure, and calcining at high temperature to synthesize the block modified g-C3N4
The reaction precursor is an organic compound with a triazine ring structure or can generate the organic compound with the triazine ring structure through polycondensation;
(2) modifying g-C with the block obtained in step (1)3N4Taking the raw material as a raw material, and carrying out thermal oxidation stripping to obtain modified g-C3N4Nanosheets.
2. Stereomolecular intercalation of claim 1 to produce more exfoliatable g-C3N4The method is characterized in that the temperature of the high-temperature calcination synthesis in the step (1) is 520-550 ℃, and the reaction time is 1-4 hours; the temperature of thermal oxidation stripping in the step (2) is 520-550 ℃, and the stripping time is 1-3 hours.
3. Stereomolecular embedding as claimed in claim 1 to produce more exfoliatable g-C3N4The method of (2), wherein the reaction precursor in step (1) is melamine or dicyandiamide.
4. Stereomolecular embedding as claimed in claim 1 to produce more exfoliatable g-C3N4The method of (1), wherein the molecular scaffold having a steric structure is allantoin.
5. Stereomolecular embedding as claimed in claim 1 to produce more exfoliatable g-C3N4The method is characterized in that the mass part ratio of the molecular scaffold with the three-dimensional structure to the reaction precursor is-0.02-0.3: 10.
6. Stereomolecular embedding as claimed in claim 2 to produce more exfoliatable g-C3N4The method is characterized in that the specific process of the step (1) is as follows: uniformly mixing the reaction precursor and the molecular scaffold with the three-dimensional structure, placing the mixture in a high-temperature resistant container, placing the high-temperature resistant container filled with the reaction precursor and the molecular scaffold with the three-dimensional structure, uniformly mixing the mixture in a calcining device, raising the temperature of the calcining device from room temperature to 520-550 ℃, and calcining for 4 hours at the temperature of 520-550 ℃.
7. Stereomolecular embedding as claimed in claim 6 to produce more exfoliatable g-C3N4The method of (2), characterized in that the temperature rise rate of the calcination device in the step (1) is controlled to be 25 ℃/min.
8. Stereomolecular intercalation according to claim 2 for preparing more exfoliatable g-C3N4The method is characterized in that the specific process of the step (2) is as follows: modifying the blocks with g-C3N4Grinding the mixture into powder in a mortar, flatly paving the powder on a ceramic sheet, placing the ceramic sheet paved with the powder in a calcining device, and calcining the ceramic sheet at 520-550 ℃ for 3 hours at the room temperature.
9. Stereomolecular embedding as claimed in claim 8 to produce more exfoliatable g-C3N4The method of (3), wherein the temperature rising rate of the calcining device in the step (2) from room temperature to 520 ℃ to 550 ℃ is 2 ℃/min.
CN202010051384.5A 2020-01-17 2020-01-17 Preparation of g-C with easier stripping by stereo molecule embedding 3 N 4 Is a method of (2) Active CN111232939B (en)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103232458A (en) * 2013-04-25 2013-08-07 大连理工大学 Method for preparing graphite phase carbon nitride material with monatomic layer structure
CN108355698A (en) * 2018-02-13 2018-08-03 西安理工大学 A kind of preparation method of O doped graphites phase carbon nitride nanometer sheet powder
CN109046420A (en) * 2018-07-09 2018-12-21 江苏大学 A kind of preparation method of nitride porous carbon photochemical catalyst

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103232458A (en) * 2013-04-25 2013-08-07 大连理工大学 Method for preparing graphite phase carbon nitride material with monatomic layer structure
CN108355698A (en) * 2018-02-13 2018-08-03 西安理工大学 A kind of preparation method of O doped graphites phase carbon nitride nanometer sheet powder
CN109046420A (en) * 2018-07-09 2018-12-21 江苏大学 A kind of preparation method of nitride porous carbon photochemical catalyst

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