CN111482175B - Preparation method of copper/cuprous oxide heterojunction nanosheet catalyst - Google Patents

Preparation method of copper/cuprous oxide heterojunction nanosheet catalyst Download PDF

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CN111482175B
CN111482175B CN202010387369.8A CN202010387369A CN111482175B CN 111482175 B CN111482175 B CN 111482175B CN 202010387369 A CN202010387369 A CN 202010387369A CN 111482175 B CN111482175 B CN 111482175B
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copper
cuprous oxide
catalyst
oxide heterojunction
washing
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CN111482175A (en
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张晓东
金森
谢毅
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University of Science and Technology of China USTC
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University of Science and Technology of China USTC
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/70Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
    • B01J23/72Copper
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J35/00Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J35/30
    • B01J35/39

Abstract

The invention provides a preparation method of a copper/cuprous oxide heterojunction nanosheet catalyst, wherein the copper/cuprous oxide heterojunction nanosheet catalyst is composed of copper and cuprous oxide. The invention greatly increases the catalytic activity of copper by selecting cuprous oxide as a new auxiliary agent to modify the traditional copper catalyst and forming a heterojunction with copper. According to the invention, the morphology of the catalyst is limited to nanosheets by a hydrothermal synthesis method, so that the specific surface area is increased, the molar ratio of copper to cuprous oxide can be changed and adjusted by adjusting the feeding composition, and the catalytic activity of the catalyst can be effectively regulated and controlled.

Description

Preparation method of copper/cuprous oxide heterojunction nanosheet catalyst
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of a copper/cuprous oxide heterojunction nanosheet catalyst, and belongs to the field of preparation of inorganic materials.
Background
Since the 21 st century, the demand of people for traditional fossil energy such as petroleum and coal is increasing due to the development of economy and the improvement of living standard of people, so that greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide are discharged in large quantity, the content of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is increasing, the greenhouse effect is obvious day by day, and the living environment of people is deteriorating day by day. Therefore, the resource utilization of carbon dioxide and the development of a carbon dioxide green utilization technology have become important to research. Although carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide is also a cheap, clean and effective carbon resource; if it can be effectively utilized, it can not only solve the related environmental problems, but also reduce the dependence on other kinds of carbon resources.
Dimethyl carbonate, as a simple low-molecular organic carbonate, has the interesting properties of stable chemical properties, no toxicity to organisms and the like, so that the dimethyl carbonate has wide application as a green reagent in the chemical industry. There are many industrial methods for synthesizing dimethyl carbonate, for example, a methanol phosgenation method, a methanol oxidative carbonylation method, an ester exchange method of ethylene carbonate with methanol, and the like. Due to serious pollution of raw materials, low product conversion rate, poor principle and the like, the methods are greatly limited in practical application. The direct use of methanol and carbon dioxide for the synthesis of dimethyl carbonate greatly increases the synthesis cost and the equipment maintenance cost due to the high-temperature and high-pressure catalysis conditions required by the traditional copper-based catalyst. Therefore, it is urgent to find a catalyst which can be applied to the direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate from methanol and carbon dioxide under low temperature and low pressure conditions.
As a class of emerging nanomaterials, two-dimensional crystals exhibit unique physical properties and promising electronic properties due to their ultra-thin thickness and two-dimensional morphology characteristics. This provides a number of opportunities for their widespread use across biological, medical, physical and chemical domains. Two-dimensional materials not only have a large increase in specific surface area compared to bulk materials, but also exhibit properties that are completely different from bulk materials due to the confinement effect of two-dimensional materials. Compared with a bulk material, the two-dimensional material is easier to expose heterojunction, and the existence of the heterojunction can cause electric charge aggregation, enhance the adsorption of reactants, reduce the activation energy of reaction and effectively improve the yield.
The copper/cuprous oxide catalyst with a two-dimensional structure and containing the heterojunction is synthesized by a hydrothermal method, and the special structure can effectively reduce the temperature and pressure required by the reaction and greatly improve the yield. The method has the advantages of simple process, low energy consumption, high atom utilization rate and environmental friendliness, and is suitable for large-scale popularization and application.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a novel copper/cuprous oxide heterojunction nanosheet catalyst aiming at the defects of the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a preparation method of a copper/cuprous oxide heterojunction nanosheet catalyst, which comprises the following steps of:
step 1, adding an organic solvent into an alcohol solvent, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed solution;
step 2, adding copper acetylacetonate and a surfactant into the mixed solution, and violently stirring to obtain a reaction solution;
step 3, transferring the reaction liquid to a polytetrafluoroethylene reaction kettle, sealing, and heating to 100-200 ℃ to obtain a product;
and 4, washing, drying and grinding the product to obtain the copper/cuprous oxide heterojunction nanosheet catalyst.
In some embodiments, in step 1, the organic solvent is selected from N, N-dimethylformamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, derivatives thereof, or any combination thereof.
In some embodiments, in step 1, the alcoholic solvent is selected from C 1-6 Alcohols, preferably methanol, ethanol and their derivatives or any combination thereof.
In some embodiments, in step 1, the volume ratio of alcoholic solvent to organic solvent is 1:1 to 6:1.
In some embodiments, in step 1, stirring is performed using a magnetic stirrer at a speed of 1000 to 4000r/min for a period of 10 minutes to 1 hour.
In some embodiments, in step 2, the surfactant is cetyl trimethylammonium bromide, dodecyl trimethylammonium bromide, polyvinylpyrrolidone, sodium oleate, or any combination thereof.
In some embodiments, in step 2, the molar ratio of copper acetylacetonate to surfactant is 6:1-8:1.
In some embodiments, in step 2, stirring is performed using a magnetic stirrer at a speed of 1000 to 4000r/min for a period of 10 minutes to 1 hour.
In some embodiments, in step 3, the volume ratio of the volume of the reaction solution to the volume of the polytetrafluoroethylene reaction vessel is 1:2-1:4.
In some embodiments, in step 3, the warming is a temperature programmed to the reaction temperature; preferably, the heating rate is 5-10 ℃/min; preferably, the reaction time is 6 to 12 hours.
In some embodiments, in step 4, the washing is performed by washing with deionized water until the pH of the supernatant is 7, and then washing with absolute ethanol twice.
In some embodiments, in step 4, the drying is treatment at 60-80 ℃ for 8-24 hours.
The invention also provides a copper/cuprous oxide heterojunction nanosheet catalyst prepared by the method.
The invention provides the following beneficial effects:
the method provided by the invention can synthesize the copper/cuprous oxide heterojunction nanosheet catalyst with the nanoscale thickness under the condition of low energy consumption. The prepared sample has good dispersibility and higher catalytic performance than the existing catalyst. Furthermore, by introducing the heterojunction, the photoresponse capability of the sample can be effectively improved, the practical value of the material is improved, and the method has great economic benefit.
Drawings
The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
FIG. 1 shows a high resolution transmission electron micrograph of the product of example 1;
FIG. 2 shows a transmission electron micrograph of the product of example 2;
FIG. 3 shows a transmission electron micrograph of the product of example 3.
FIG. 4 shows a transmission electron micrograph of the product of example 4; and is
Figure 5 shows an X-ray electron diffraction (XRD) analysis of the product of example 4.
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in detail. The embodiments described by referring to the drawings are exemplary only for the purpose of illustrating the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Example 1
A preparation method of a copper/cuprous oxide heterojunction nanosheet catalyst comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding 5mL of N, N-dimethylformamide into 30mL of ethanol, and magnetically stirring at the rotation speed of 4000r/min to obtain a mixed solution of the ethanol and the N, N-dimethylformamide;
(2) Adding 8mmol of copper acetylacetonate and 1mmol of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide into the mixed solution obtained in the step (1), and magnetically stirring for 0.5 hour at the rotating speed of 4000r/min to obtain a reaction solution;
(3) Transferring the reaction solution in the step 2 to a 140mL polytetrafluoroethylene reaction kettle, sealing, and then carrying out programmed heating to 200 ℃, wherein the heating rate is 10 ℃/min, and reacting for 8 hours to obtain a product;
(4) And (3) washing with water and ethanol for 3 times, drying in an oven at 60 ℃ for 24 hours, and putting the dried product into a mortar for grinding and dispersing to obtain the copper/cuprous oxide heterojunction nanosheet catalyst.
FIG. 1 shows a high-resolution transmission electron micrograph of the obtained powder. The obtained copper/cuprous oxide heterojunction nanosheet catalyst shows two different lattice spacings, which shows that the obtained sample is high in purity and accurate in synthesis.
Example 2
A preparation method of a copper/cuprous oxide heterojunction nanosheet catalyst comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding 15mL of N, N-dimethylformamide into 15mL of ethanol, and magnetically stirring at the rotating speed of 1000r/min to obtain a mixed solution of the ethanol and the N, N-dimethylformamide;
(2) Adding 6mmol of copper acetylacetonate and 1mmol of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide into the mixed solution obtained in the step (1), and magnetically stirring for 1 hour at the rotating speed of 1000r/min to obtain a reaction solution;
(3) Transferring the reaction solution in the step 2 into a 60mL polytetrafluoroethylene reaction kettle, sealing, and then carrying out programmed heating to 100 ℃, wherein the heating rate is 5 ℃/min, and reacting for 8 hours to obtain a product;
(4) And (3) washing with water and ethanol for 3 times, drying in an oven at 60 ℃ for 24 hours, and putting the dried product into a mortar for grinding and dispersing to obtain the copper/cuprous oxide heterojunction nanosheet catalyst.
The morphology (transmission electron micrograph) of the obtained powder is shown in FIG. 2. The obtained copper/cuprous oxide heterojunction nanosheet catalyst has only one shape and is in a nanosheet shape.
Example 3
A preparation method of a copper/cuprous oxide heterojunction nanosheet catalyst comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding 10mL of N, N-dimethylformamide into 30mL of ethanol, and magnetically stirring at a rotating speed of 3000r/min to obtain a mixed solution of ethanol and N, N-dimethylformamide;
(2) Adding 6mmol of copper acetylacetonate and 1mmol of sodium oleate into the mixed solution in the step 1, and magnetically stirring for 1 hour at the rotating speed of 4000r/min to obtain a reaction solution;
(3) Transferring the reaction solution in the step 2 to a polytetrafluoroethylene reaction kettle of 80mL, sealing, and then carrying out programmed heating to 150 ℃, wherein the heating rate is 8 ℃/min, and reacting for 8 hours to obtain a product;
(4) And (3) washing with water and ethanol for 3 times, drying in an oven at 60 ℃ for 24 hours, and putting the dried product into a mortar for grinding and dispersing to obtain the copper/cuprous oxide heterojunction nanosheet catalyst.
The morphology (transmission electron micrograph) of the obtained powder is shown in FIG. 3. The obtained copper/cuprous oxide heterojunction catalyst is of a nanosheet shape.
Example 4
A preparation method of a copper/cuprous oxide heterojunction nanosheet catalyst comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding 10mL of N, N-dimethylformamide into 35mL of ethanol, and magnetically stirring at a rotation speed of 2000r/min to obtain a mixed solution of ethanol and N, N-dimethylformamide;
(2) Adding 7mmol of copper acetylacetonate and 1mmol of sodium oleate into the mixed solution in the step 1, and magnetically stirring for 1 hour at the rotating speed of 2000r/min to obtain a reaction solution;
(3) Transferring the reaction solution in the step 2 into a 90mL polytetrafluoroethylene reaction kettle, sealing, and then, carrying out temperature programming to 180 ℃, wherein the temperature rise rate is 9 ℃/min, and reacting for 8 hours to obtain a product;
(4) And (3) washing with water and ethanol for 3 times, drying in an oven at 60 ℃ for 24 hours, and putting the dried product into a mortar for grinding and dispersing to obtain the copper/cuprous oxide heterojunction nanosheet catalyst.
The morphology (transmission electron micrograph) of the obtained powder is shown in FIG. 4. The obtained copper/cuprous oxide heterojunction catalyst has a nanosheet shape.
The copper/cuprous oxide heterojunction nanosheet catalyst obtained in example 1 was subjected to X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and the XRD spectrum obtained was as shown in fig. 5. By comparing the JCPDF standard card (85-1326) of copper with the JCPDF standard card (74-1230) of cuprous oxide, the obtained copper/cuprous oxide heterojunction nanosheet catalyst is obviously composed of two different substances, namely copper and cuprous oxide. The diffraction peak has high intensity and slightly widened peak shape, which shows that the sample has high purity and the shape is in nano scale.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (10)

1. A preparation method of a copper/cuprous oxide heterojunction nanosheet catalyst is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, adding an organic solvent into an alcohol solvent, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed solution, wherein the organic solvent is selected from N, N-dimethylformamide, N-methylpyrrolidone and derivatives thereof or any combination of N, N-dimethylformamide, N-methylpyrrolidone and derivatives thereof, and the alcohol solvent is selected from C 1-6 Alcohol and its derivatives or any combination thereof, and the volume ratio of the alcohol solvent to the organic solvent is 1:1-6:1;
step 2, adding copper acetylacetonate and a surfactant into the mixed solution, and violently stirring to obtain a reaction solution, wherein the surfactant is cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, sodium oleate or any combination thereof, and the molar ratio of the copper acetylacetonate to the surfactant is 6:1-8:1;
step 3, transferring the reaction liquid to a polytetrafluoroethylene reaction kettle, sealing, and heating to 100-200 ℃ to obtain a product;
and 4, washing, drying and grinding the product to obtain the copper/cuprous oxide heterojunction nanosheet catalyst.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the alcoholic solvent is selected from methanol, ethanol, derivatives thereof, and any combination thereof.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the stirring in step 1 or 2 is carried out using a magnetic stirrer at a rotation speed of 1000 to 4000r/min for a period of 10 minutes to 1 hour.
4. The preparation method of claim 1, wherein in step 3, the volume ratio of the reaction solution volume to the polytetrafluoroethylene reaction kettle is 1:2-1:4.
5. The production method according to claim 1, wherein in step 3, the temperature rise is a temperature programmed to the reaction temperature.
6. The production method according to claim 5, wherein the temperature rise rate is 5 to 10 ℃/min.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the reaction time is 6 to 12 hours.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step 4, the washing is performed by washing with deionized water until the pH of the supernatant is 7, and then washing with absolute ethanol twice.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the drying is carried out at 60 to 80 ℃ for 8 to 24 hours in step 4.
10. A copper/cuprous oxide heterojunction nanosheet catalyst prepared by the method of any one of claims 1-9.
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CN101905899B (en) * 2010-08-16 2012-01-04 河北工业大学 Method for preparing ordered nano cuprous oxide polycrystalline powder
CN102357659B (en) * 2011-07-27 2013-10-16 西安交通大学 Preparation method of Cu-Cu2O heterogenous junction
CN102557106B (en) * 2012-01-12 2013-09-18 淮阴师范学院 Preparation method of cuprous oxide hollow nanometer cubes
TWI494160B (en) * 2013-03-19 2015-08-01 Univ Ishou Copper-based catalysts for apply to catalyze ammonia to nitrogen
CN104098121A (en) * 2014-06-27 2014-10-15 江苏华东锂电技术研究院有限公司 Preparation method for cuprous oxide
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CN104772142B (en) * 2015-04-15 2017-06-06 绍兴文理学院 A kind of cuprous oxide/copper tiny balloon and preparation method and application
CN106694903B (en) * 2017-01-20 2018-09-14 济南大学 A kind of CuCl/Cu2The preparation method and products obtained therefrom of O/Cu porous nano-sheets
CN107814407A (en) * 2017-11-06 2018-03-20 上海纳米技术及应用国家工程研究中心有限公司 Method that supercritical carbon dioxide prepares ultra-thin two-dimension cuprous oxide and products thereof and application

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