CN111196893B

CN111196893B - Functional composite wire based on carbon fiber reinforced nylon and electric heating driving element made of functional composite wire

Info

Publication number: CN111196893B
Application number: CN201811372924.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 赵岳; 祝颖丹; 颜春; 张洪生
Original assignee: Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering of CAS
Current assignee: Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering of CAS
Priority date: 2018-11-19
Filing date: 2018-11-19
Publication date: 2022-10-14
Anticipated expiration: 2038-11-19
Also published as: CN111196893A

Abstract

The invention discloses a functional composite wire based on carbon fiber reinforced nylon, wherein a wire core of the composite wire is a carbon fiber bundle, and a wire skin is nylon; the composite wire can be used as a material of a driving element, and the carbon fiber exposed out of two ends of the manufactured electrothermal driving element is connected with a power supply, and voltage is applied to the carbon fiber to heat the carbon fiber. When the spring is stretched, a recovered pulling force can be generated under the environment of electric heating driving to drive the mechanical arm or other components/objects to move; when the wire skin needs to be maintained or repaired, the stress applied on the electric heating driving element is unloaded, the voltage applied to the two ends of the carbon fiber bundle is changed, the heating temperature of the carbon fiber bundle is higher than the working temperature, the carbon fiber bundle is maintained for a period of time, and the wire skin can be fused and repaired under the action of electric heating, so that the self-repairing function is realized.

Description

Functional composite wire based on carbon fiber reinforced nylon and electric heating driving element made of functional composite wire

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of composite materials, in particular to a functional composite wire based on carbon fiber reinforced nylon and an electrothermal driving element made of the functional composite wire.

Background

The high functionality of functional materials often comes with high costs. The application development of the material is seriously restricted by a series of problems that the existing functional material cannot be industrially started, the preparation cost is high in a laboratory stage, the preparation process is complex, a plurality of materials are difficult to repair after being damaged, and the like. Nylon (polyamide) is a low-cost, easily processable polymer material that has been widely used for its good mechanical properties, and nylon, as a thermoplastic, has good superplasticity. However, nylon is mainly used in the traditional field as a plastic at present, and the functionality of nylon is not widely developed and applied.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art: the functional composite wire based on the carbon fiber reinforced nylon and the electric heating driving element made of the functional composite wire have the advantages of low cost, simple process, excellent performance and suitability for industrial large-scale use.

The technical solution of the invention is as follows: a functional composite wire based on carbon fiber reinforced nylon is characterized in that a wire core of the composite wire is a carbon fiber bundle, and a wire skin is nylon.

Preferably, the diameter of the carbon fiber bundle is as follows: 0.007-0.1mm.

As an optimization, the thickness of the nylon wire skin is as follows: 0.01-1mm.

Preferably, the preparation method of the functional composite wire based on the carbon fiber reinforced nylon comprises the following step of coating the nylon on the carbon fiber bundle by an extruder at the temperature of 220-300 ℃ and carrying out extrusion molding.

The invention also provides an electrothermal driving element made of the functional composite wire based on the carbon fiber reinforced nylon, wherein a single functional composite wire based on the carbon fiber reinforced nylon is wound and molded, then is heated and cooled at 60-200 ℃ for shaping, and the end parts of carbon fiber bundles at two ends of the functional composite wire are used as electrodes.

Preferably, after a single functional composite wire based on carbon fiber reinforced nylon is wound into a spring shape, the functional composite wire is heated and cooled at 60-200 ℃ for shaping, and the ends of the carbon fiber bundles at two ends of the functional composite wire are exposed to be used as input electrodes.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the composite wire can be used as the material of a driving element, the carbon fiber exposed at two ends of the manufactured electrothermal driving element is connected with a power supply, and voltage is applied to the carbon fiber to heat the carbon fiber. When the "spring" is stretched, a restoring pulling force is generated under the environment of electrothermal driving, and the mechanical arm or other components/objects are driven to move. The wire sheath is subject to cumulative mechanical damage, such as microcracks, over time, which can lead to eventual failure of the material. When the bobbin needs to be maintained or repaired, the stress applied on the electrothermal driving element is unloaded, the voltage applied to the two ends of the carbon fiber bundle is changed, the heating temperature of the carbon fiber bundle is higher than the working temperature, the bobbin is maintained for a period of time, the bobbin can be fused and repaired under the action of the electrothermal, and the self-repairing function is realized. The electric heating driving element can realize self-driving through electric heating and can also be driven through external heating, and the controllability is strong. The carbon fiber not only has the heating function, but also has the reinforcing function;

the electrothermal driving element prepared by the invention can be used for driving a mechanical arm and other devices needing external force driving, the movement of the connected members is driven by the expansion and contraction of the electrothermal driving material, the element can realize self-repair by utilizing the electrothermal, is easy to maintain, can provide a driving material with low cost and easy maintenance for industrial mechanical equipment and the like, namely, can generate power under the electrothermal condition, and can be healed by electric heating when microcracks appear on a wire skin in the material.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a functional composite wire based on carbon fiber reinforced nylon according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an electrothermal driving element according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

Examples

Extruding and molding by an extruder at 230-280 ℃, coating nylon with the thickness of 0.5mm on carbon fiber bundles with the diameter of 0.1mm, and exposing carbon fibers at two ends. The extruded material is rapidly cooled in water or other medium to prevent crystallization. And rolling the material for later use.

One or more ends of the material are hung on the free end of the motor rotor, 0.1-3kg of balance weight is added at the other end, the free end of the motor rotor faces the ground, the balance weight only can move up and down but can not rotate or translate, the motor is driven to twist the material when running, and the material is twisted into a spring shape along with gradual accumulation of stress.

The material is then heated at 60-200 ℃ to set the shape.

An electric heating driving process: the carbon fiber with two exposed ends of the material is connected with a power supply, and a direct current voltage of 0.1-30V is applied to heat the carbon fiber serving as a heating wire to 60-180 ℃. When the "spring" is stretched, a restoring pulling force is generated under the condition of electric heat, and the mechanical arm or other components/objects are driven to move.

Self-repairing process: when the material needs to be maintained or repaired, the stress applied to the material is unloaded, the voltage applied to two ends of the carbon fiber is changed, the carbon fiber is heated to 180-300 ℃ under the direct current voltage of 0.5-50V and is maintained for a period of time, and the material is fused and repaired under the action of electric heat, so that the self-repairing function is realized.

The above are merely exemplary embodiments of the features of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention in any way. All technical solutions formed by equivalent exchanges or equivalent substitutions fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An electric heating driving element made of a functional composite wire of carbon fiber reinforced nylon is characterized in that: the wire core of the functional composite wire of the carbon fiber reinforced nylon is a carbon fiber bundle, the wire skin is nylon, the electrothermal driving element is formed by winding a single functional composite wire of the carbon fiber reinforced nylon into a spring shape, heating and cooling at 60-200 ℃ for shaping, and the end parts of the carbon fiber bundle at two ends of the electrothermal driving element are exposed to be used as input electrodes, the electrothermal driving element realizes self-driving or external heating driving through electric heating, when the wire skin needs to be maintained or repaired, stress applied to the electrothermal driving element is unloaded, voltage applied to two ends of the carbon fiber bundle is changed, the heating temperature of the carbon fiber bundle is higher than the working temperature, the heating temperature is maintained for a period of time, and the wire skin can be fused and repaired under the action of the electric heating at the moment, so that the self-repairing function is realized.

2. An electrothermal actuator according to claim 1, wherein: the diameter of the carbon fiber bundle is as follows: 0.007-0.1mm.

3. An electrothermal actuator according to claim 1, wherein: the thickness of the sheath nylon is as follows: 0.01-1mm.

4. An electrothermal actuator according to claim 1, wherein: the preparation method of the functional composite wire of the carbon fiber reinforced nylon comprises the following steps of coating the nylon on the carbon fiber bundle by an extruder at the temperature of 220-300 ℃ and carrying out extrusion molding.