CN111189870A - Side slope model for simulating freeze-thaw effect, and test system, manufacturing method and test method thereof - Google Patents
Side slope model for simulating freeze-thaw effect, and test system, manufacturing method and test method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Discloses a side slope model for simulating freeze-thaw effect and a testing system, a manufacturing method and a testing method thereof. The model comprises: a water storage crack is arranged in the complete rock body; the broken rock mass is arranged on the outer side of the slope of the complete rock mass; the structural plane is arranged at the interfaces of the complete rock mass and the broken rock mass; the limiting plate is arranged on the outer side of the cross section of the rock mass model and used for limiting the lateral deformation in the freeze thawing process; and the test unit is arranged inside and on the surface of the rock body and used for acquiring test data. The method comprises the steps of manufacturing a water storage crack in a side slope model, realizing a freeze-thaw environment through a refrigeration house, simulating a freeze-thaw damage effect of a joint side slope, and researching freeze-thaw cracking and progressive damage rules of a side slope rock mass; and arranging a test unit in the water storage fracture, testing the frost heaving force and the fracture water pressure of the fracture, and mastering the characteristics of slope rock damage and progressive damage under the freeze-thaw action so as to analyze the degradation mechanism of the freeze-thaw fracture rock slope stability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of geotechnical engineering model tests, in particular to a side slope model for simulating a freeze-thaw effect, and a testing system, a manufacturing method and a testing method thereof.
Background
The freezing and thawing degradation problem of the rocky slope rock mass in the cold area is increasingly highlighted, the deformation evolution process and the instability mechanism of the fractured rocky slope under the freezing and thawing condition are researched, and then the theoretical model of the stability of the jointed rocky slope in the cold area is established, so that the method has important significance for prevention and treatment of major engineering disasters in the cold area. The existing research on the freeze-thaw damage of the rock (body) is mainly focused on the rock block, and the research on the freeze-thaw test of the rock body containing macroscopic cracks is less; the existing rock slope model test system is mainly used for researching the deformation and damage problems of the slope under the external factors of rainfall, excavation, earthquake and the like, the deformation and stability problems of the rock slope in a cold region under the action of freeze-thaw cycle are not involved, and the freeze-thaw damage problems of the slope in the cold region are gradually highlighted.
At present, the crack frozen rock slope analysis is qualitative or semi-quantitative analysis based on the traditional slope analysis theory, the test contents mainly comprise displacement, stress, strain and the like, the universality and systematic research results of the crack frozen rock slope stability degradation analysis are few, and the change of frost heaving force generated by water ice phase change in the slope body crack and the crack expansion rule can not be detected.
Therefore, it is necessary to develop a slope model for simulating freeze-thaw effect, and a testing system, a manufacturing method and a testing method thereof.
The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a side slope model for simulating a freeze-thaw effect and a testing system, a manufacturing method and a testing method thereof, wherein a water storage crack is manufactured in the side slope model, a freeze-thaw environment is realized through a refrigeration house, and the side slope model is used for simulating a joint side slope freeze-thaw damage effect and researching a side slope rock freeze-thaw crack and progressive damage rule; and arranging a test unit in the water storage fracture, testing the frost heaving force and the fracture water pressure of the fracture, and mastering the characteristics of slope rock damage and progressive damage under the freeze-thaw action so as to analyze the degradation mechanism of the freeze-thaw fracture rock slope stability.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, a slope model for simulating freeze-thaw effect is provided, wherein the model comprises: a water storage crack is arranged in the complete rock body; the broken rock mass is arranged on the outer side of the slope body of the complete rock mass; the structural plane is arranged at the interfaces of the complete rock mass and the broken rock mass; the limiting plate is arranged on the outer side of the cross section of the rock mass model and used for limiting the lateral deformation in the freeze thawing process; and the test unit is arranged inside and on the surface of the rock body and used for acquiring test data.
Preferably, the test unit includes: the film pressure sensor, the miniature osmometer and the water storage crack temperature sensor are all arranged in the water storage crack.
Preferably, the test unit includes: and the rock mass temperature sensors are arranged in the structural plane and/or the fractured rock mass.
Preferably, the test unit includes: and the plurality of groups of displacement meters are arranged on the slope surface of the side slope model, wherein each group of displacement meters comprises a horizontal displacement meter and a vertical displacement meter.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a testing system, characterized in that the system comprises: a slope model; the refrigeration house is used for simulating a freeze-thaw environment; the control unit is used for controlling the temperature in the refrigeration house; the insulation can is used for placing the side slope model; the monitoring unit is arranged in the heat insulation box and used for monitoring the side slope model; and the data acquisition unit is connected with the test unit and used for acquiring and outputting data.
According to a third aspect of the invention, a method for manufacturing a slope model simulating a freeze-thaw effect is provided. The method may include: determining rock mass and structural surface materials, structural surface positions and water storage crack positions in the slope model according to the actual slope geometric form and the physical and mechanical parameters of the rock mass and the structural surface; manufacturing a rock mass template, a broken rock mass and a water storage crack embedded plate; erecting the rock mass template, arranging the water storage crack embedded plate at the position of the water storage crack, pouring a complete rock mass, and paving a structural surface; removing the mold after the rock mass is solidified, and pumping off the water storage crack embedded plate to form the water storage crack; stacking the crushed rock mass on the outer side of the slope; the test unit was installed in the above process.
Preferably, the test unit includes: the film pressure sensor, the miniature osmometer and the water storage crack temperature sensor are all arranged in the water storage crack.
Preferably, the test unit includes: and the rock mass temperature sensors are arranged in the structural plane and/or the fractured rock mass.
Preferably, the test unit includes: and the plurality of groups of displacement meters are arranged on the slope surface of the side slope model, wherein each group of displacement meters comprises a horizontal displacement meter and a vertical displacement meter.
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, a test method is presented. The method may include: the installation monitoring unit is connected with the testing unit and the data acquisition unit; building an insulation can outside the side slope model; injecting water into the water storage fracture, and setting freezing temperature and melting temperature; firstly, reducing the temperature of a refrigeration house to a freezing temperature, maintaining the temperature for a preset time, and then increasing the temperature to a melting temperature; and in the freezing and thawing process, carrying out data acquisition, recording and observation through the data acquisition unit and the monitoring unit until landslide occurs.
The method and apparatus of the present invention have other features and advantages which will be apparent from or are set forth in detail in the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description, which are incorporated herein, and which together serve to explain certain principles of the invention.
Drawings
The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by describing in more detail exemplary embodiments thereof with reference to the attached drawings, in which like reference numerals generally represent like parts.
FIG. 1 shows a schematic plan view of a test system according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a slop model simulating a freeze-thaw effect according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 shows a flow diagram of a method for manufacturing a slop model simulating a freeze-thaw effect according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 illustrates a horizontal cross-sectional view of a water storage crevice embedment plate in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 illustrates a schematic diagram of a water-holding fracture creation process according to one embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 6 illustrates a schematic view of a water trap crack, according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 shows a schematic flow diagram of an experimental method according to the invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1. structural surface; 2. water storage cracks; 3. a complete rock mass; 4. breaking the rock mass; 5. a water storage crack embedded plate; 6. a limiting plate; 7. a limiting rod; 8. a limiting screw; 9. an impermeable film; 10. a load transfer plate; 11. a jack; 12. a counterforce wall; 13. a support tripod; 14. a slope model; 15. a cold storage; 16. a refrigeration device; 17. a heating device; 18. a control unit; 19. a heat preservation box; 20. a thin film pressure sensor; 21. a micro osmometer; 22. a water storage fracture temperature sensor; 23. a rock mass temperature sensor; 24. a horizontal displacement meter; 25. a vertical displacement meter; 26. a monitoring unit; 27. a compact section; 28. a main body section.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While the preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present invention may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
According to an embodiment of the invention, a slope model for simulating freeze-thaw effect is provided, which is characterized by comprising: a water storage crack is arranged in the complete rock body; the broken rock mass is arranged on the outer side of the slope of the complete rock mass; the structural plane is arranged at the interfaces of the complete rock mass and the broken rock mass; the limiting plate is arranged on the outer side of the cross section of the rock mass model and used for limiting the lateral deformation in the freeze thawing process; the testing unit is arranged inside and on the surface of the rock body and used for acquiring testing data; and the data acquisition unit is connected with the test unit and used for acquiring and outputting data.
In one example, the test unit includes: the film pressure sensor, the miniature osmometer and the water storage crack temperature sensor are all arranged in the water storage crack.
In one example, the test unit includes: and the rock mass temperature sensors are arranged in the structural plane and/or the broken rock mass.
In one example, the test unit includes: and the plurality of groups of displacement meters are arranged on the slope surface of the side slope model, wherein each group of displacement meters comprises a horizontal displacement meter and a vertical displacement meter.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a test system, characterized in that the system includes: a slope model; the refrigeration house is used for simulating a freeze-thaw environment; the control unit is used for controlling the temperature in the refrigeration house; the insulation can is used for placing the side slope model; the monitoring unit is arranged in the heat insulation box and used for monitoring the slope model; and the data acquisition unit is connected with the test unit and used for acquiring and outputting data.
FIG. 1 shows a schematic plan view of a test system according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Specifically, the test system according to the present invention comprises: the side slope model 14 is made of similar materials, the geometric similarity ratio of a model test is determined according to the actual side slope size, the side slope model size is determined according to the similarity principle, and the model is 1.8m high, 2.0m long and 0.4m wide; the refrigeration house 15, the material of the body of the refrigeration house 15 is made of polyurethane double-sided color steel plate hard polyester foam plastics, the refrigerating plant 16 includes the air cooler and compressor, used for simulating the freezing and thawing environment; the heating device 17 is an industrial fan heater and is used for changing the temperature in the refrigeration house 15; the control unit 18 can set the temperature of the refrigerator, the temperature difference, the defrosting period, the defrosting time and the like according to the test requirements, and is used for controlling the temperature in the refrigerator 15; the insulation box 19 is spliced by insulation boards according to the size of an actual side slope model 14, 3 side faces of the side slope are isolated from the outside through the insulation box 19, the side faces of the model are prevented from being directly influenced by temperature, a heat exchange channel only occurs on a slope surface to simulate an actual freeze thawing process, and the insulation boards are hard foam polyurethane composite insulation boards; the monitoring unit 26 is arranged in the heat insulation box 19 and is used for observing the deformation and the cracking process of the crack; the data acquisition unit is connected with the test unit, and the data acquisition unit is arranged outside the freezer 15, and the tester of being convenient for reads and analyzes data.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a slop model simulating a freeze-thaw effect according to an embodiment of the invention.
The slop model 14 simulating a freeze-thaw effect according to the present invention may include: the method comprises the following steps of (1) forming a complete rock body 3, arranging a water storage crack 2 in the complete rock body 3, installing an anti-seepage film 9 at the water storage crack 2, and sealing the end part of the crack by using silica gel; the broken rock mass 4 is arranged outside the slope body of the complete rock mass 3; the structural plane 1 is arranged at the interfaces of the complete rock mass 3 and the fractured rock mass 4; the limiting plate 6 is arranged outside the cross section of the rock mass model, is fixed by a limiting rod 7 and a limiting screw 8 which are pre-embedded in the rock mass, restrains the water storage crack 2 from deforming towards two ends, and allows the water storage crack 2 to expand and deform; the test element sets up in rock mass inside and surface for obtain test data, the test element includes: the film pressure sensor 20, the micro osmometer 21 and the water storage fracture temperature sensor 22 are all arranged in the water storage fracture 2, 3 water storage fracture temperature sensors 22 and 2 film pressure sensors 20 are arranged in total, and the micro osmometer 21 is arranged at the bottom of the water storage fracture 2 and used for testing frost heaving force and fracture water pressure change in the water ice phase change process; 2 film pressure sensors 20 can be arranged on the structural surface 1 closest to the slope surface; the rock mass temperature sensors 23 are arranged in the structural plane 1 and/or the broken rock mass 4, 7 rock mass temperature sensors 23 are arranged along different depths, the distances from the slope surface are respectively 5cm, 10cm, 15cm, 20cm, 25cm, 30cm and 35cm, and the rock mass temperature sensors are used for testing the temperature field and the change rule of the slope model 14; the sensor fixing support is made of profile steel, the fixing support is fixed on the ground surface, a plurality of groups of displacement meters are arranged on the fixing support and are arranged on the slope surface of the side slope model 14, each group of displacement meters comprises a horizontal displacement meter 24 and a vertical displacement meter 25, the vertical distances from the 4 groups of displacement meters to the slope bottom are respectively 130cm, 115cm, 73cm and 45cm, and the vertical displacement and the horizontal displacement of the same point of the slope meter are tested.
The side slope model further comprises a reaction system, the reaction system comprises a load transfer plate 10, a jack 11, a reaction wall 12 and a supporting tripod 13, the load transfer plate 10 is connected with a rock body, the lower end portion of the reaction wall 12 is embedded into the ground, the supporting tripod 13 is used for reinforcing, and horizontal stress can be applied to the side slope model through the reaction system.
Fig. 3 shows a flow diagram of a method for manufacturing a slop model simulating a freeze-thaw effect according to the present invention.
In this embodiment, the method for manufacturing a slope model simulating a freeze-thaw effect according to the present invention may include: step 101, determining rock mass and structural surface materials, structural surface positions and water storage crack positions in a slope model according to the actual slope geometric form and the physical and mechanical parameters of the rock mass and the structural surface; step 102, manufacturing a rock mass template, a broken rock mass and a water storage crack embedded plate; 103, erecting a rock mass template, arranging a water storage crack embedded plate at the position of a water storage crack, pouring a complete rock mass, and paving a structural surface; 104, removing the mold after the rock mass is solidified, and pumping off the water storage crack embedded plate to form a water storage crack; 105, stacking broken rock masses outside the slope; step 106, installing the test unit in the above process.
In one example, the test unit includes: the film pressure sensor, the miniature osmometer and the water storage crack temperature sensor are all arranged in the water storage crack.
In one example, the test unit includes: and the rock mass temperature sensors are arranged in the structural plane and/or the broken rock mass.
In one example, the test unit includes: and the plurality of groups of displacement meters are arranged on the slope surface of the side slope model, wherein each group of displacement meters comprises a horizontal displacement meter and a vertical displacement meter.
Specifically, the method for manufacturing a slope model according to the present invention may include:
the method comprises the steps of determining a geometric similarity ratio of a model test according to the actual side slope size, determining physical and mechanical parameters of a rock mass similar material and a structural plane similar material according to a similarity principle, trial-producing the rock mass similar material and the structural plane similar material through indoor tests such as a compression test, a splitting test, a direct shear test and the like, and further determining the rock mass similar material, the structural plane position and the water storage fracture position. The rock mass similar material is a quick-setting material and is prepared by gypsum and water according to a certain proportion, and the proportion is determined by multiple compression and splitting tests, so that the requirements of similar volume weights of tensile strength, compressive strength and elastic modulus are met; the structural surface similar material meets the requirement that the shear strength is similar, has a water storage function, and can not lose water stored in the structural surface in the freezing process, and the SAP resin material is used for trial production according to different water contents.
The method is characterized in that the wood plate is used for manufacturing the rock mass template, the rock mass similar material is used for manufacturing the broken rock mass, and the size of the broken rock mass is set according to actual conditions.
FIG. 4 illustrates a horizontal cross-sectional view of a water storage crevice embedment plate in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
The water storage crack embedded plate 5 and the limiting plate 6 are made of organic glass, the horizontal section of the water storage crack embedded plate 5 is shown in figure 4, in order to seal water conveniently, the left end and the right end of the water storage crack embedded plate 5 are made into tightening sections 27, so that the width of the water storage crack 2 at the two ends is small, and water sealing is convenient; in this embodiment, the length of the contraction section 27 of the water storage fracture embedded plate 5 is 2cm, the thickness is 2mm, and the length of the main body section 28 of the water storage fracture embedded plate 5 is 26mm, and the thickness is 1 cm.
FIG. 5 illustrates a schematic diagram of a water-holding fracture creation process according to one embodiment of the invention.
Erecting a rock mass template, arranging a water storage crack embedded plate 5 at the position of a water storage crack 2, wherein the water storage crack embedded plate 5 can be erected on a limiting plate 6 and fixed by a limiting rod 7 and a limiting screw 8 which are embedded in a rock mass, as shown in figure 5, the water storage crack 2 can be erected on the rock mass template, and the limiting plate 6 is installed after the rock mass template is removed; pouring rock mass similar materials to form a complete rock mass 3, and paving a structural plane 1 at the position of the structural plane; in the pouring process, a testing unit, a water storage crack temperature sensor 22 and film pressure sensors in a water storage crack are installed at preset positions, a complete rock body 3 is poured from bottom to top, structural surfaces 1 are uniformly arranged at the positions of the structural surfaces in the slope body manufacturing process, and 2 film pressure sensors 20 are installed at the positions, closest to the slope surface, of the structural surfaces 1.
FIG. 6 illustrates a schematic view of a water trap crack, according to one embodiment of the present invention.
And (3) after the rock mass is solidified, namely after the strength is reached, removing the formwork, and pumping out the water storage crack embedded plate 5 to form a complete rock mass containing the water storage cracks 2, as shown in figure 6.
The broken rock mass 4 is stacked on the outer side of the slope body, the rock mass temperature sensors 23 are buried in the designed positions in the manufacturing process of the slope body, 7 rock mass temperature sensors 23 are arranged along different depths, and the distances from the slope surface to the broken rock mass temperature sensors are respectively 5cm, 10cm, 15cm, 20cm, 25cm, 30cm and 35 cm.
A sensor fixing support is made of profile steel, the fixing support is fixed on the ground surface, rigid small blocks are buried at a design position as displacement measuring points, a displacement sensor is installed to test the displacement of a slope surface, the displacement sensor is divided into a horizontal displacement meter 24 and a vertical displacement meter 25, the vertical displacement meter 25 and the horizontal displacement meter 24 are respectively arranged at 4 different elevations, the vertical distances from 4 groups of displacement meters to the slope bottom are respectively 130cm, 115cm, 73cm and 45cm, and the vertical displacement and the horizontal displacement of the same point are tested through the rigid small blocks.
Installing an anti-seepage film 9 at the water storage crack 2, and sealing the end part of the crack by using silica gel; the micro osmometer 21 is installed according to the design scheme, and the micro osmometer 21 is installed at the bottom of the water storage crack 2. And drawing displacement marks on the side surfaces of the models, and recording the motion tracks of the models through the low-temperature video monitoring unit 26 to analyze the deformation inside the slope.
Fig. 7 shows a schematic flow diagram of an experimental method according to the invention.
The method of using the assay system according to the invention may comprise: step 201, installing a monitoring unit, and connecting a test unit and a data acquisition unit; step 202, building an insulation can outside the slope model; step 203, injecting water into the water storage fracture, and setting freezing temperature and melting temperature; step 204, firstly, reducing the temperature of the refrigeration house to a freezing temperature, maintaining the temperature for a preset time, and then increasing the temperature to a melting temperature; and step 205, in the freezing and thawing process, carrying out data acquisition, recording and observation through the data acquisition unit and the monitoring unit until landslide occurs.
In particular, the method of use of the assay system according to the invention may comprise:
the low-temperature video monitoring unit 26 is installed and debugged, the testing unit and the data acquisition unit are connected, the testing unit is debugged, and the data acquisition unit is arranged outside the refrigeration house 15, so that data reading and analysis can be conveniently carried out by a tester.
And assembling the insulation boards to customize the insulation box 19, placing the slope model 14 in the insulation box, and injecting water into the water storage crack 2.
Setting freezing temperature and melting temperature according to a designed freezing and thawing process, firstly reducing the refrigeration house 15 to the freezing temperature, maintaining for a preset time, designing the time according to the actual size of an actual model, ensuring enough freezing depth of water in the water storage crack 2, raising the freezing temperature to the melting temperature after freezing is finished, starting a freezing and thawing test, supplementing water by using an injector after each freezing and thawing, acquiring and recording data through a data acquisition unit in the whole test process, simultaneously carrying out macroscopic observation through a low-temperature video monitoring unit 26, analyzing the deformation rule inside a slope body by using displacement marks on the side surface of the model, and simultaneously observing the crack opening and expansion and slope deformation evolution process until a landslide occurs.
According to the test data, the temperature field evolution of the slope rock mass, the slope deformation rule, the fracture frost heaving force, the slope macroscopic deformation characteristics and the like under the freeze-thaw cycle can be analyzed, and the freeze-thaw fracture rock mass slope stability degradation mechanism is researched.
In conclusion, the water storage cracks are manufactured in the side slope model, the freezing and thawing environment is realized through the refrigeration house, the freezing and thawing damage effect of the joint side slope is simulated, and the freezing and thawing cracking and progressive damage rule of the side slope rock mass are researched; and arranging a test unit in the water storage fracture, testing the frost heaving force and the fracture water pressure of the fracture, and mastering the characteristics of slope rock damage and progressive damage under the freeze-thaw action so as to analyze the degradation mechanism of the freeze-thaw fracture rock slope stability.
It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the above description of embodiments of the invention is intended only to illustrate the benefits of embodiments of the invention and is not intended to limit embodiments of the invention to any examples given.
Having described embodiments of the present invention, the foregoing description is intended to be exemplary, not exhaustive, and not limited to the embodiments disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments.
Claims (10)
1. A slope model for simulating a freeze-thaw effect, the model comprising:
a water storage crack is arranged in the complete rock body;
the broken rock mass is arranged on the outer side of the slope body of the complete rock mass;
the structural plane is arranged at the interfaces of the complete rock mass and the broken rock mass;
the limiting plate is arranged on the outer side of the cross section of the rock mass model and used for limiting the lateral deformation in the freeze thawing process;
and the test unit is arranged inside and on the surface of the rock body and used for acquiring test data.
2. The slop model for simulating a freeze-thaw effect according to claim 1, wherein the testing unit comprises:
the film pressure sensor, the miniature osmometer and the water storage crack temperature sensor are all arranged in the water storage crack.
3. The slop model for simulating a freeze-thaw effect according to claim 1, wherein the testing unit comprises:
and the rock mass temperature sensors are arranged in the structural plane and/or the fractured rock mass.
4. The slop model for simulating a freeze-thaw effect according to claim 1, wherein the testing unit comprises:
and the plurality of groups of displacement meters are arranged on the slope surface of the side slope model, wherein each group of displacement meters comprises a horizontal displacement meter and a vertical displacement meter.
5. A testing system for a slope model simulating a freeze-thaw effect using the method of any one of claims 1-4, the system comprising:
a slope model;
the refrigeration house is used for simulating a freeze-thaw environment;
the control unit is used for controlling the temperature in the refrigeration house;
the insulation can is used for placing the side slope model;
the monitoring unit is arranged in the heat insulation box and used for monitoring the side slope model;
and the data acquisition unit is connected with the test unit and used for acquiring and outputting data.
6. A method for manufacturing a slope model for simulating a freeze-thaw effect is characterized by comprising the following steps:
determining rock mass and structural surface materials, structural surface positions and water storage crack positions in the slope model according to the actual slope geometric form and the physical and mechanical parameters of the rock mass and the structural surface;
manufacturing a rock mass template, a broken rock mass and a water storage crack embedded plate;
erecting the rock mass template, arranging the water storage crack embedded plate at the position of the water storage crack, pouring a complete rock mass, and paving a structural surface;
removing the mold after the rock mass is solidified, and pumping off the water storage crack embedded plate to form the water storage crack;
stacking the crushed rock mass on the outer side of the slope;
the test unit was installed in the above process.
7. The method of manufacturing of claim 6, wherein the test unit comprises:
the film pressure sensor, the miniature osmometer and the water storage crack temperature sensor are all arranged in the water storage crack.
8. The method of manufacturing of claim 6, wherein the test unit comprises:
and the rock mass temperature sensors are arranged in the structural plane and/or the fractured rock mass.
9. The method of manufacturing of claim 6, wherein the test unit comprises:
and the plurality of groups of displacement meters are arranged on the slope surface of the side slope model, wherein each group of displacement meters comprises a horizontal displacement meter and a vertical displacement meter.
10. A method of testing, comprising:
the installation monitoring unit is connected with the testing unit and the data acquisition unit;
building an insulation can outside the side slope model;
injecting water into the water storage fracture, and setting freezing temperature and melting temperature;
firstly, reducing the temperature of a refrigeration house to a freezing temperature, maintaining the temperature for a preset time, and then increasing the temperature to a melting temperature;
and in the freezing and thawing process, carrying out data acquisition, recording and observation through the data acquisition unit and the monitoring unit until landslide occurs.
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