CN115508240A - Simulation test method for freezing and thawing cycle of half-exposed state slope rock mass - Google Patents
Simulation test method for freezing and thawing cycle of half-exposed state slope rock mass Download PDFInfo
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- CN115508240A CN115508240A CN202211195813.1A CN202211195813A CN115508240A CN 115508240 A CN115508240 A CN 115508240A CN 202211195813 A CN202211195813 A CN 202211195813A CN 115508240 A CN115508240 A CN 115508240A
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 191
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 119
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 214
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 139
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012669 compression test Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 4
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 4
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000036561 sun exposure Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012425 Freezing-thawing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009933 burial Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001808 coupling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/60—Investigating resistance of materials, e.g. refractory materials, to rapid heat changes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/022—Environment of the test
- G01N2203/0222—Temperature
- G01N2203/0226—High temperature; Heating means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/022—Environment of the test
- G01N2203/0222—Temperature
- G01N2203/0228—Low temperature; Cooling means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/022—Environment of the test
- G01N2203/0236—Other environments
- G01N2203/0238—Inert
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/022—Environment of the test
- G01N2203/0244—Tests performed "in situ" or after "in situ" use
- G01N2203/0246—Special simulation of "in situ" conditions, scale models or dummies
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Abstract
The invention discloses a simulation test method for freezing and thawing cycle of a semi-exposed state slope rock mass, which is characterized in that a rock mass test piece is fixed in a simulation box; simulating the actual condition that the rock mass is buried by the soil mass, and burying the lower part of the rock mass test piece into the simulated soil mass material; according to the actual underground water depth of the rock mass, the lower part of the simulation box is filled with water to a corresponding height, and the preparation work is finished; during the test, cold air is introduced and cooled until the introduced water body is frozen, after the test is maintained for a period of time, the test piece is heated by applying electrothermal radiation on the rock mass test piece to finish thawing, so that a freeze-thaw cycle is formed, and after the freeze-thaw test time is finished, the rock mass test piece is taken out and the performance of the rock mass test piece is tested, so that the performance change parameters of the semi-exposed slope rock mass to be researched, which are influenced by the freeze-thaw environment, are obtained. The invention can simulate the test more truly and reliably, and can be better used for monitoring the instability of the actual side slope or the safety guidance of the engineering construction; the reliability and the safety of engineering construction are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of research on freezing and thawing performance of rock masses, in particular to a simulation test method for freezing and thawing cycle of a semi-exposed state slope rock mass.
Background
Due to the reasons of large temperature difference between seasons and day and night, many high and steep slopes, complex geological conditions and the like in cold regions in the east and west of China, large engineering projects such as energy, traffic, water conservancy and the like which are built successively, such as Sichuan-Tibet railways, face the harm of cyclic freeze thawing at any moment, and further bring severe challenges to construction and operation. The continuous freezing-thawing process can cause the mechanical property of the slope rock mass to be deteriorated and the opening degree of the internal crack to be increased, thereby becoming a potential cause of geological disasters such as rockfall, landslide and the like in cold regions. Therefore, freeze thawing is considered to be one of the main factors for the deterioration of the physical and mechanical properties of the slope rock mass in the cold region.
The rock mass indoor test is one of important means for judging the degradation degree of mechanical properties of a rock mass after freeze-thaw cycling and understanding the failure mechanism of a rock mass structure, so a test method for restoring a natural environment needs to be considered to deeply know the influence of the freeze-thaw cycling of the rock mass.
In the prior art, a part of techniques for performing freeze-thaw test research on rock mass also exist. For example, CN202210226763.2 discloses a concrete freeze-thaw test device under the coupling action of multiple environmental factors, but the device is mainly used for the research of the service state of a reaction concrete structure in a marine environment, and is not suitable for the research of rock mass freeze-thaw tests in the freeze-thaw environment of a soil slope. For example, CN202210457788.3 discloses a freeze-thaw cycle test device for simulating a natural environment, which comprises a freeze-thaw box body, a freeze-thaw box cover, a cold air pipe hole, a hot air pipe hole, a water inlet pipe hole, a water outlet pipe hole, a pressurizing hole, a cold air pipe, a hot air pipe, a loading control system, a pressurizing rod, a pressurizing cover, a base, a temperature guide plate, a drainage plate, a partition plate, a sample hole, a water bath heating system, a water inlet valve, a water inlet flowmeter, a water inlet pump, a water inlet pipe, a water outlet valve, a water outlet flowmeter, a water outlet pump, a water outlet pipe, a lower water inlet, a lower water outlet and an upper water outlet. The test principle of the device is that the test piece is simply placed in the water area environment, and then repeatedly frozen and thawed for testing; it is also difficult to achieve a better real simulation effect of the slope environment.
The slope rock body is in a natural environment and generally has 3 states of complete exposure, semi exposure (namely partial exposure) and complete burying. Because the freezing and thawing environment of the rock mass is usually located on the plateau, the temperature is low at night to form ice, the surface temperature is raised by solar radiation in the daytime, the rock mass in a semi-exposed state is usually subjected to greater freezing and thawing action when a lower buried part is contacted with soil, gravels, underground water and the like, namely, the contact surface of the rock and water is subjected to frost heaving force under the freezing condition, the contact surface of non-water rock is not subjected to the force, and meanwhile, the exposed part above the rock mass is subjected to direct roasting action under the sunlight in the daytime. However, most of the existing freeze-thaw test methods do not take the influence of these factors into consideration, and as in the above-mentioned patent technologies, the test piece is usually directly placed in the water environment for repeated freeze-thaw; therefore, the actual simulation test effect is poor. Therefore, in order to discuss the influence of the burial depth of the medium around the slope rock mass and the groundwater level on the freeze-thaw cycle of the slope rock mass, a simulation test method for the freeze-thaw cycle of the slope rock mass in a semi-exposed state, which can better simulate the natural environment and the freeze-thaw condition of the slope, needs to be designed so as to be better used for monitoring the instability of the actual slope or safety guidance of engineering construction.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: the method can better reflect the slope natural environment and the freezing and thawing situation, can test and obtain the performance change condition of the half-exposed slope rock body affected by freezing and thawing, and can be better used for the safety guidance of actual slope instability monitoring or engineering construction; the reliability and the safety of engineering construction are improved.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a simulation test method for freezing and thawing cycle of a semi-exposed state side slope rock mass is characterized in that a corresponding rock mass test piece is prepared according to the semi-exposed state side slope rock mass to be researched, and the rock mass test piece is fixed in a simulation box; simulating the actual soil body burying condition of the rock mass of the slope in the semi-exposed state to be researched, and burying the lower part of the rock mass test piece into a simulated soil body material; according to the actual underground water depth of the slope rock body in the semi-exposed state to be researched, the lower part of the simulation box is filled with water to a corresponding height, and the preparation work is finished; during the test, cold air is introduced and cooled until the introduced water body is frozen, after the test is maintained for a period of time, the rock mass test piece is heated in a mode of applying electrothermal radiation on the upper part of the rock mass test piece until the frozen water body is defrozen, and the operation is repeated after the test is continued for a period of time to form freeze-thaw cycle, until the freeze-thaw test time is over, the rock mass test piece is taken out and the performance of the rock mass test piece is tested, and compared with the same rock mass test piece which is not tested, the performance change parameters of the semi-exposed state slope rock mass to be researched and influenced by the freeze-thaw environment are obtained.
The test method better simulates the actual soil body burying condition and the underground water infiltration condition of the half-exposed slope rock mass. Meanwhile, the freeze-thaw condition that the freezing is actually formed by blowing cold air at night and the thawing is completed by irradiation of solar light at daytime is simulated for testing. The actual influence situations of the lower part of the half-exposed rock mass being frozen and the upper part of the half-exposed rock mass being directly exposed to radiation can be better reflected; the change of performance parameters obtained by testing after the test can better reflect the actual influence of the actual freeze-thaw situation on the semi-exposed rock mass. The method can be better used for monitoring the instability of the actual side slope or guiding the safety of the engineering construction; the reliability and the safety of engineering construction are improved.
Furthermore, the test environment temperature cooled by introducing cold air is determined according to the local lowest temperature in spring, autumn and night of the semi-exposed slope rock mass to be researched during the test.
Therefore, the simulation is carried out by using the limit environmental parameters, and the test result can be better used for construction safety guidance.
Further, the temperature heated by adopting an electrothermal radiation mode during the test is determined according to the local highest temperature in spring and autumn of the slope rock body in the semi-exposed state to be researched.
Therefore, the simulation is carried out by using the limit environmental parameters, and the test result can be better used for construction safety guidance.
Further, when the rock mass test piece is prepared, a rock test piece to be tested which has the same lithology as the semi-exposed state slope rock mass to be researched is prepared, and the specification is a cylindrical test piece with the height of 100mm and the diameter of 50 mm. The rock test block to be tested can be prepared according to tests, or can be obtained by sampling by using a single-layer rock core pipe drilling tool in a better selection mode, or a rock mass test block to be tested can be obtained by directly cutting a semi-exposed state slope rock mass to be researched by using a water jet cutting machine.
Therefore, the test result of the rock mass test piece can better reflect the performance change condition of the semi-exposed state slope rock mass to be researched, which is influenced by the actual freezing and melting. The test reliability is improved.
Furthermore, the simulated soil body material adopts broken stones, silt and clay materials, and the preparation of the actual soil body condition around the semi-exposed state slope rock body to be researched is simulated. The better choice is that the actual soil body around the semi-exposed state slope rock mass to be researched is directly excavated to obtain the simulated soil body material, and the material contains corresponding microorganisms, so that the influence effect of the rock mass microorganisms on the rock mass can be kept consistent.
Therefore, the actual situation can be better simulated, and the test reliability is improved.
Further, when the rock mass test piece is buried underground, the height of the exposed simulated soil body material of the rock mass test piece is consistent with the average value of the actual exposed height of the semi-exposed state slope rock mass to be researched. Therefore, the actual situation can be better simulated, and the test reliability is improved.
Furthermore, the height of the actually exposed surrounding soil body at the upper part of the side slope rock body in the semi-exposed state to be researched is lower than 50mm, and the depth of the lower part of the side slope rock body immersed in the frozen and melted water is lower than 100mm.
The test method is suitable for rock mass simulation tests with part of the test method exposed out of the soil body and part of the test method buried and used for collecting underground water, and can better reflect the influence of freezing and melting. Rock mass which is too much exposed to the ground and has deep depth of the underground water immersion position is not a test object of the test method.
Further, the one-time freeze-thaw cycle time is 24 hours, including 12 hours of freezing and 12 hours of thawing; the number of freeze-thaw cycles was set to 7, 15, 30, 60 or 90 times according to the study, corresponding to a period of 7, 15, 30, 60 or 90 days.
This is because it is generally difficult to react to a change situation for less than seven days. And if the time is more than 90 days, the time is too long, and the significance of the test is difficult to play. After the freeze-thaw test is completed within a limited time, the performance change condition of the rock mass test piece can be obtained by detecting the performance parameters of the rock mass test piece, and the performance change condition caused by freeze-thaw action within more time can be reasonably calculated so as to guide actual safety monitoring.
Further, after the freeze-thaw test time is finished, the rock test piece is taken out, a uniaxial compression test or a triaxial compression test is carried out on the rock test piece, the mechanical property of the rock test piece after freeze-thaw cycling is tested, the mechanical property comprises compressive strength and elastic modulus parameters, the mechanical property parameters of the rock test piece which is not subjected to freeze-thaw are compared, and the degradation degree of the mechanical property of the semi-exposed state slope rock mass under the influence of the freeze-thaw environment to be researched is obtained.
The test method is realized by means of a rock mass freeze-thaw cycle test system which comprises a simulation box, wherein an openable top cover is arranged at the upper end of the simulation box, a test piece positioning device is arranged at the middle lower part in the simulation box, one side of the middle lower part of the side surface of one end of the simulation box is communicated with a water pipeline with a switch valve, the other end of the water pipeline is connected with a water storage box, and the bottom surface of the other end of the simulation box is downwards communicated with a drainage pipeline with a switch valve; the simulation box is characterized by also comprising a refrigeration evaporator arranged at the upper part of the simulation box, wherein the refrigeration evaporator is internally provided with a built-in fan and an air outlet facing the inside of the simulation box, and the refrigeration evaporator is connected with a compressor externally arranged outside the simulation box to form a refrigeration circulating system; the electric heating tube is fixed on the inner surface of the top cover of the simulation box; a magnetic strip fixing band is further arranged in the middle of the inner surface of the top cover of the simulation box along the central line, a searchlight base is fixedly arranged on the magnetic strip fixing band in an attracting mode, and an ultraviolet searchlight is downwards arranged on the searchlight base.
Like this, among the above-mentioned device, the dependence is convenient with test piece positioner to fix a position the rock mass test piece temporarily in order to do benefit to the simulation soil body and bury the setting, rely on water storage box water injection and drainage pipe drainage can conveniently simulate groundwater system, it freezes to rely on refrigeration cycle system to realize cooling in the simulation case, it unfreezes to the electrothermal radiation of freeze thawing soil to rely on the electrothermal tube realization, rely on the ultraviolet searchlight can simulate the influence of solar ultraviolet illumination to freeze thawing rock mass, can also conveniently adjust the position of ultraviolet searchlight on the magnetic stripe fixed band during simulation solar ultraviolet illumination, make its irradiation direction to rock mass test piece and wait to study half naked state side slope rock mass daytime midday and noon sun exposure angle unanimity in spring and autumn, simulate the influence condition of solar ultraviolet radiation better. Therefore, the test system can be well used for the simulation test method, is simple, reliable and effective to operate, can better improve the test convenience degree and the simulation effect, and better improves the test result accuracy.
Furthermore, the test piece positioning device comprises a positioning ring positioned in the middle, the inner diameter of the positioning ring is 1-10mm larger than the outer diameter of the test piece, and the periphery of the positioning ring is fixed on the inner side wall of the simulation box through a horizontally arranged fixing rod. Therefore, the structure is simple, and the test piece can be conveniently placed and positioned.
Further, the positioning ring is positioned at the position of 100mm of the height of the inner cavity of the simulation box. Therefore, when the test piece is placed in, a layer of sandy soil is firstly filled in the simulation box below the positioning ring, and the test result is prevented from being influenced by the fact that the bottom of the test piece is contacted with or close to the bottom of the box body. After the test piece with the height of 100mm is placed into the rear positioning ring, the upper end of the test piece just can exceed the positioning ring by a small distance, positioning is conveniently realized, and meanwhile, the positioning ring is convenient to be buried in soil and influence is not caused to the test.
Furthermore, an exhaust window is further arranged on the side face of the simulation box and located on two sides of the simulation box, and the locating ring is located at the height position. Therefore, when the refrigeration evaporator is cooled and frozen, the cold air blown out by the refrigeration evaporator can be better guided to flow to the lower part, the situation that cold air blows downwards from the high part to scrape the crust for cooling at night can be better simulated, and the simulation of cooling the ground and the test piece below can be realized.
Furthermore, the upper surface of the drainage pipeline is provided with a gauze. Thus, the silt can be prevented from leaking along with the water during drainage.
Further, the number of the refrigeration evaporators was 4 and arranged at four corner positions of the top of the simulation tank. This results in a more rapid and uniform cooling.
Furthermore, the simulation box is made of transparent materials. Thus, the test condition inside the simulation box can be conveniently observed.
Furthermore, at least one side of the simulation box is provided with a vertical graduated scale. Therefore, the underground water level condition is convenient to observe.
Furthermore, a water collecting tank is arranged on the inner side of the side face of the simulation box where the water pipeline is located, the water collecting tank is arranged along the whole length direction of the side wall of the simulation box where the water pipeline is located, the height of the upper surface of the water collecting tank is not lower than that of the test piece positioning device, a movable retaining wall is arranged on the whole retaining wall on one side of the water collecting tank facing the test piece positioning device, two sides of the movable retaining wall can be clamped and matched in the retaining wall sliding grooves in a vertically sliding mode, and the movable retaining wall is connected with a retaining wall vertical movement control mechanism.
Therefore, when water is input into the water conveying pipeline to simulate underground water, the water can be conveyed into the water collecting tank firstly, and then the movable retaining wall is controlled to be integrally lifted to a preset underground water depth position, so that the water in the water collecting tank flows out from a fixed height position below the movable retaining wall to form underground water. The groundwater simulation that realizes like this is convenient more reliable, and groundwater depth of water precision can control the accuracy better.
Furthermore, the side of the movable retaining wall facing the test piece positioning device is sequentially and outwards fixedly provided with a support grid and sponge materials fixed on the support grid. Therefore, the effect that the sand and soil are isolated from entering the water collecting tank to influence the lifting control of the movable retaining wall but the water in the water collecting tank is not blocked from flowing outwards can be achieved. Meanwhile, the impact of the water flow flowing out of the water collecting tank on the sand can be avoided to influence the test.
Further, barricade vertical movement control mechanism, including fixing the rack in removing the barricade both sides, the rack respectively with one be located same level gear engagement, two gears are fixed in the pivot that same level set up, the both ends of pivot are rotationally installed on the simulation case and one end is worn out the simulation case and is provided with a rotatory handle.
Therefore, the movable retaining wall can be driven to move up and down along the retaining wall sliding groove conveniently by rotating the rotary handle and meshing the gear with the rack. Simple structure and reliable and stable.
Furthermore, a graduated scale arranged on the side surface of the simulation box is positioned at the position of the movable retaining wall. Therefore, the numerical value of the height of the moving retaining wall lifted upwards can be visually seen, so that the underground water discharge depth can be conveniently and accurately controlled.
More specifically, when the test system is used for a concrete test, firstly, a simulated soil material is placed into a position, which is partially below a test piece positioning device, with a height of about 5mm, and then, a prepared rock test piece is positioned and erected above the placed simulated soil material by virtue of the test piece positioning device, so that the lower end of the rock test piece is kept isolated from the bottom of the simulated box; then, the simulated soil body material is poured into a simulation box until the lower part of the rock mass test piece is buried to the test height; then, opening a switch valve on the water pipe to inject water in the water storage tank into the water collection tank, controlling a movable retaining wall of the water collection tank to lift upwards until the lower end of the movable retaining wall is exposed to a preset water depth position, enabling the water in the water collection tank to flow out from the lower end of the movable retaining wall, closing the water pipe until the water pipe flows out, and closing the water pipe when the water level in the water collection tank drops to the height position of the lower port of the movable retaining wall; controlling a refrigeration cycle system to start to refrigerate inside the simulation box, so that frozen soil is formed by the simulated soil body materials, and then maintaining the environment temperature inside the simulation box to be the lowest temperature of the semi-exposed slope rock mass to be researched in local spring and autumn at night until the freezing time is finished (usually 12 hours); then closing the refrigeration cycle system, starting the electric heating tube and the ultraviolet searchlight, determining the sun irradiation angle (namely keeping the irradiation angle consistent) at the fixed position of the ultraviolet searchlight according to the midday and midday of the half-exposed state side slope rock mass to be researched in the current spring and autumn, then raising and unfreezing the temperature in the simulation box, and maintaining the highest temperature of the simulation box in the current spring and autumn of the half-exposed state side slope rock mass to be researched in the current spring and autumn till the unfreezing time is over (usually 12 hours); then repeating the freeze-thaw cycle until the test days are over; the top cover of the simulation box can be opened, the rock mass test piece is taken out, the performance of the rock mass test piece is tested, and the performance change parameter characteristic is obtained.
In conclusion, the method can more truly and reliably simulate the performance change condition of the half-exposed side slope rock mass affected by freezing and melting in a test, so as to be better used for the actual side slope instability monitoring or the safety guidance of engineering construction; the reliability and the safety of engineering construction are improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a rock mass freeze-thaw cycle test system adopted in the implementation of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the retaining wall up-and-down movement control mechanism of fig. 1.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments.
The specific implementation mode is as follows: a simulation test method for the freezing and thawing cycle of a semi-exposed state side slope rock mass is characterized in that a corresponding rock mass test piece is prepared according to the semi-exposed state side slope rock mass to be researched, and the rock mass test piece is fixed in a simulation box; simulating the actual soil body burying condition of the rock mass of the slope in the semi-exposed state to be researched, and burying the lower part of the rock mass test piece into a simulated soil body material; according to the actual underground water depth of the slope rock body in the semi-exposed state to be researched, the lower part of the simulation box is filled with water to a corresponding height, and the preparation work is finished; during the test, cold air is introduced and cooled until the introduced water body is frozen, after the test is maintained for a period of time, the rock mass test piece is heated in a mode of applying electrothermal radiation on the upper part of the rock mass test piece until the frozen water body is defrozen, and the operation is repeated after the test is continued for a period of time to form freeze-thaw cycle, until the freeze-thaw test time is over, the rock mass test piece is taken out and the performance of the rock mass test piece is tested, and compared with the same rock mass test piece which is not tested, the performance change parameters of the semi-exposed state slope rock mass to be researched and influenced by the freeze-thaw environment are obtained.
The test method better simulates the actual soil body burying condition and the underground water infiltration condition of the half-exposed slope rock mass. Meanwhile, the test is carried out by simulating the freezing and thawing condition that the thawing is actually completed by cold air blowing at night and by solar illumination radiation in the daytime. The actual influence situations of the lower part of the half-exposed rock mass being frozen and the upper part of the half-exposed rock mass being directly exposed to radiation can be better reflected; the change of performance parameters obtained by testing after the test can better reflect the actual influence of the actual freeze-thaw situation on the semi-exposed rock mass. The method can be better used for monitoring the instability of the actual side slope or guiding the safety of the engineering construction; the reliability and the safety of engineering construction are improved.
During the test, the temperature of the test environment cooled by introducing cold air is determined according to the lowest temperature of the semi-exposed slope rock mass to be researched in local spring and autumn at night.
Therefore, the simulation is carried out by using the limit environmental parameters, and the test result can be better used for construction safety guidance.
During the test, the temperature heated by adopting an electrothermal radiation mode is determined according to the highest temperature of the slope rock mass in the local spring and autumn in the semi-exposed state to be researched.
Therefore, the simulation is carried out by using the limit environmental parameters, and the test result can be better used for construction safety guidance.
When the rock mass test piece is prepared, a rock test piece to be tested which has the same lithology as the semi-exposed slope rock mass to be researched is prepared, and the specification is a cylindrical test piece with the height of 100mm and the diameter of 50 mm. The rock test block to be tested can be prepared according to tests, or can be obtained by sampling by using a single-layer rock core pipe drilling tool or directly cutting a semi-exposed state slope rock body to be researched by using a water jet cutting machine to obtain the rock test block to be tested
Therefore, the test result of the rock mass test piece can better reflect the performance change condition of the semi-exposed state slope rock mass to be researched, which is influenced by freezing and melting actually. The test reliability is improved.
The simulated soil body material is prepared by adopting broken stones, silt and clay materials and simulating the actual soil body condition around the semi-exposed state slope rock body to be researched. The better choice is that the actual soil body around the semi-exposed state slope rock mass to be researched is directly excavated to obtain the simulated soil body material, and the material contains corresponding microorganisms, so that the influence effect of the rock mass microorganisms on the rock mass can be kept consistent.
Therefore, the actual situation can be better simulated, and the test reliability is improved.
During the experiment, when the rock mass test piece is buried underground, the height of the exposed simulated soil body material is consistent with the average value of the actual exposed height of the semi-exposed state slope rock mass to be researched. Therefore, the actual situation can be better simulated, and the test reliability is improved.
During the test, the height of the actually exposed surrounding soil body at the upper part of the side slope rock body in the semi-exposed state to be researched is lower than 50mm, and the depth of the lower part of the side slope rock body immersed in the frozen and melted water is lower than 100mm.
The test method is suitable for rock mass simulation tests with part of the test method exposed out of the soil body and part of the test method buried and used for collecting underground water, and can better reflect the influence of freezing and melting. Rock mass which is too much exposed to the ground and has deep depth of the underground water immersion position is not a test object of the test method.
During the test, the one-time freeze-thaw cycle time is 24 hours, including 12 hours of freezing and 12 hours of thawing; the number of freeze-thaw cycles was set to 7, 15, 30, 60 or 90 times according to the study, corresponding to a period of 7, 15, 30, 60 or 90 days.
This is because it is generally difficult to react to a change for less than seven days. And if the time is more than 90 days, the time is too long, and the significance of the test is difficult to play. After the freeze-thaw test is completed within a limited time, the performance change condition of the rock mass test piece can be obtained by detecting the performance parameters of the rock mass test piece, and the performance change condition caused by freeze-thaw action within more time can be reasonably calculated so as to guide actual safety monitoring.
During testing, after the freeze-thaw testing time is over, the rock test piece is taken out, a uniaxial compression test or a triaxial compression test is carried out on the rock test piece, the mechanical property of the rock test piece after freeze-thaw cycle is tested, the mechanical property parameters comprise compressive strength and elastic modulus parameters, the mechanical property parameters of the rock test piece which is not subjected to freeze-thaw are compared, and the degradation degree of the mechanical property of the semi-exposed state side slope rock body to be researched, which is influenced by the freeze-thaw environment, is obtained.
The test method is realized by a rock mass freezing-thawing cycle test system shown in the figure 1-2 when in concrete implementation, and the rock mass freezing-thawing cycle test system comprises a simulation box 1, wherein the upper end of the simulation box 1 is provided with an openable top cover 2, the middle lower part in the simulation box 1 is provided with a test piece positioning device, one side of the middle lower part in the side surface of one end of the simulation box is communicated with a water pipeline 4 with a switch valve, the other end of the water pipeline is connected with a water storage box 5, and the bottom surface of the other end of the simulation box 4 is downwards communicated with a water drainage pipeline 6 with a switch valve; the simulation box is characterized by further comprising a refrigeration evaporator 7 arranged at the upper part of the simulation box, wherein a built-in fan is arranged in the refrigeration evaporator 7, an air outlet which is opposite to the inside of the simulation box is formed in the refrigeration evaporator 7, and the refrigeration evaporator 7 is connected with a compressor 8 which is externally arranged outside the simulation box to form a refrigeration cycle system; the electric heating tube 9 is fixed on the inner surface of the top cover of the simulation box; the middle position of the inner surface of the simulation box top cover 2 is also provided with a magnetic strip fixing band 10 along the central line, a searchlight base is fixedly arranged on the magnetic strip fixing band 10 in a suction mode, and an ultraviolet searchlight 11 is downwards arranged on the searchlight base.
Like this, among the above-mentioned device, the dependence is convenient with test piece positioner to fix a position the rock mass test piece temporarily in order to do benefit to the simulation soil body and bury the setting, rely on water storage box water injection and drainage pipe drainage can conveniently simulate groundwater system, it freezes to rely on refrigeration cycle system to realize cooling in the simulation case, it unfreezes to the electrothermal radiation of freeze thawing soil to rely on the electrothermal tube realization, rely on the ultraviolet searchlight can simulate the influence of solar ultraviolet illumination to freeze thawing rock mass, can also conveniently adjust the position of ultraviolet searchlight on the magnetic stripe fixed band during simulation solar ultraviolet illumination, make its irradiation direction to rock mass test piece and wait to study half naked state side slope rock mass daytime midday and noon sun exposure angle unanimity in spring and autumn, simulate the influence condition of solar ultraviolet radiation better. Therefore, the test system can be well used for the simulation test method, is simple, reliable and effective to operate, can better improve the test convenience degree and the simulation effect, and better improves the test result accuracy.
The test piece positioning device comprises a positioning ring 12 positioned in the middle, the inner diameter of the positioning ring is larger than the outer diameter of the test piece by 1-10mm, and the periphery of the positioning ring is fixed on the inner side wall of the simulation box 1 through a horizontally arranged fixing rod 13. Therefore, the structure is simple, and the test piece can be conveniently placed and positioned.
Wherein, the holding ring is located the high 100mm position of simulation case inner chamber. Therefore, when the test piece is placed in, a layer of sandy soil is firstly filled in the simulation box below the positioning ring, and the test result is prevented from being influenced by the fact that the bottom of the test piece is contacted with or close to the bottom of the box body. After the test piece with the height of 100mm is placed into the rear positioning ring, the upper end of the test piece just can exceed the positioning ring by a small distance, positioning is conveniently realized, and meanwhile, the positioning ring is convenient to be buried in soil and influence is not caused to the test.
Wherein, still be provided with exhaust window 14 on the simulation case side, exhaust window 14 is located simulation case both sides the high position of holding ring place. Therefore, when the refrigerating evaporator is used for refrigerating, cold air blown out by the refrigerating evaporator can be better guided to flow to a lower position, the situation that cold air blows downwards from a high position to scrape the ground skin for cooling at night can be better simulated, and the simulated ground and the test piece below can be cooled.
Wherein, the upper surface of the drainage pipeline 6 is provided with a gauze. Thus, the silt can be prevented from leaking along with the water during drainage.
Wherein, the number of the refrigeration evaporators 7 is 4 and the refrigeration evaporators are arranged at four corner positions at the top of the simulation box. This results in a more rapid and uniform cooling.
Wherein, the simulation box 1 is made of transparent materials. Like this, conveniently observe the simulation case internal test condition.
Wherein, simulation case 1 at least one side is provided with vertical scale 15. Therefore, the underground water level condition is convenient to observe.
Wherein, the inside of the side of the simulation box where the water pipe 4 is located is provided with a water collecting tank 16, the water collecting tank 16 is arranged along the whole length direction of the side wall of the simulation box where the water pipe is located, the height of the upper surface of the water collecting tank 16 is not lower than the height of the test piece positioning device, the whole retaining wall at one side of the water collecting tank facing the test piece positioning device is provided with a movable retaining wall 17, two sides of the movable retaining wall 17 are clamped and matched in the retaining wall sliding groove 18 in a vertically sliding manner, and the movable retaining wall 17 is connected with a retaining wall vertical movement control mechanism.
Therefore, when water is input into the water conveying pipeline to simulate underground water, the water can be conveyed into the water collecting tank firstly, and then the movable retaining wall is controlled to be integrally lifted to a preset underground water depth position, so that the water in the water collecting tank flows out from a fixed height position below the movable retaining wall to form underground water. The groundwater simulation that realizes like this is convenient more reliable, and groundwater depth of water precision can control the accuracy better.
Wherein, the side of the movable retaining wall 17 facing the test piece positioning device is also sequentially and outwardly fixedly provided with a support grid and sponge materials 19 fixed on the support grid. Therefore, the effect that the sand and soil are isolated from entering the water collecting tank to influence the lifting control of the movable retaining wall but not to obstruct the water in the water collecting tank from flowing outwards can be achieved. Meanwhile, the impact of the water flow flowing out of the water collecting tank on the sand can be avoided to influence the test.
Wherein, barricade vertical movement control mechanism, including fixing the rack 20 in removing the barricade both sides, rack 20 respectively with one be located the same level gear 21 meshing, two gears 21 are fixed on the pivot 22 that same level set up, the both ends of pivot 22 are rotationally installed on the simulation case and one end is worn out simulation case 1 and is provided with a rotatory handle 23.
Like this, can conveniently through rotating rotatory handle, through the meshing of gear and rack, drive and remove the barricade and reciprocate along the barricade spout. Simple structure and reliable and stable.
Wherein, the graduated scale 15 that the simulation case side set up is located the position that removes the barricade. Therefore, the numerical value of the height of the movable retaining wall lifted upwards can be visually seen, so that the underground water discharge depth can be conveniently and accurately controlled.
More specifically, when the test system is used for a concrete test, firstly, a simulated soil material is placed into a position, which is partially below a test piece positioning device, with a height of about 5mm, and then, a prepared rock test piece is positioned and erected above the placed simulated soil material by virtue of the test piece positioning device, so that the lower end of the rock test piece is kept isolated from the bottom of the simulated box; then, the simulated soil body material is poured into a simulation box until the lower part of the rock mass test piece is buried to the test height; then opening a switch valve on the water pipe to inject water in the water storage tank into the water collection tank, controlling the movable retaining wall of the water collection tank to lift upwards until the lower end of the movable retaining wall is exposed to a preset water depth position, enabling the water in the water collection tank to flow out from the lower end of the movable retaining wall, closing the water pipe until the water flow flows out of the water pipe, and closing the water pipe when the water level in the water collection tank drops to the height position of the lower port of the movable retaining wall; controlling a refrigeration cycle system to start to refrigerate inside the simulation box, so that frozen soil is formed by the simulated soil body materials, and then maintaining the environment temperature inside the simulation box to be the lowest temperature of the semi-exposed slope rock mass to be researched in local spring and autumn at night until the freezing time is finished (usually 12 hours); then closing the refrigeration cycle system, starting the electric heating tube and the ultraviolet searchlight, determining the sun irradiation angle (namely keeping the irradiation angle consistent) at the fixed position of the ultraviolet searchlight according to the midday and midday of the half-exposed state side slope rock mass to be researched in the current spring and autumn, then raising and unfreezing the temperature in the simulation box, and maintaining the highest temperature of the simulation box in the current spring and autumn of the half-exposed state side slope rock mass to be researched in the current spring and autumn till the unfreezing time is over (usually 12 hours); then repeating the freeze thawing cycle until the test days are over; the top cover of the simulation box can be opened, the rock mass test piece is taken out, the performance of the rock mass test piece is tested, and the performance change parameter characteristic is obtained.
Claims (10)
1. A simulation test method for freezing and thawing cycle of a semi-exposed state side slope rock mass is characterized in that a corresponding rock mass test piece is prepared according to the semi-exposed state side slope rock mass to be researched, and the rock mass test piece is fixed in a simulation box; simulating the actual soil body burying condition of the rock mass of the slope in the semi-exposed state to be researched, and burying the lower part of the rock mass test piece into the simulated soil body material; according to the actual underground water depth of the slope rock body in the semi-exposed state to be researched, the lower part of the simulation box is filled with water to a corresponding height, and the preparation work is finished; during the test, cold air is introduced and cooled until the introduced water body is frozen, after the test is maintained for a period of time, the rock mass test piece is heated in a mode of applying electrothermal radiation on the upper part of the rock mass test piece until the frozen water body is defrozen, and the operation is repeated after the test is continued for a period of time to form freeze-thaw cycle, until the freeze-thaw test time is over, the rock mass test piece is taken out and the performance of the rock mass test piece is tested, and compared with the same rock mass test piece which is not tested, the performance change parameters of the semi-exposed state slope rock mass to be researched and influenced by the freeze-thaw environment are obtained.
2. The method for simulating the freezing and thawing cycle of the semi-exposed slope rock mass according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the test environment cooled by introducing cold air is determined by the lowest temperature of the semi-exposed slope rock mass to be studied in local spring and autumn at night.
3. The method for simulating the freezing and thawing cycle of the semi-exposed slope rock mass according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the semi-exposed slope rock mass to be studied is determined by the highest temperature of the semi-exposed slope rock mass in the spring, autumn and daytime.
4. The method for simulating the freezing and thawing cycle of the semi-exposed slope rock mass according to claim 1, wherein when the rock mass test piece is prepared, a rock test block to be tested, which has the same lithology as the semi-exposed slope rock mass to be researched, is prepared, and the test block is a cylindrical test piece with the height of 100mm and the diameter of 50 mm;
the simulated soil body material is prepared by adopting broken stones, silt and clay materials and simulating the actual soil body condition around the semi-exposed state slope rock body to be researched.
5. The method for simulating the freezing and thawing cycle of the semi-exposed slope rock mass according to claim 1, wherein when the rock mass test piece is buried, the exposed simulated soil material height of the rock mass test piece is consistent with the average value of the actual exposed height of the semi-exposed slope rock mass to be researched.
6. The method for simulating the freezing and thawing cycle of the semi-exposed slope rock mass according to claim 5, wherein the height of the actually exposed surrounding soil mass at the upper part of the semi-exposed slope rock mass to be researched is less than 50mm, and the depth of the lower part of the semi-exposed slope rock mass submerged by freezing and thawing water is less than 100mm.
7. The method for simulating the freezing and thawing cycle of the semi-exposed slope rock mass according to claim 1, wherein one freezing and thawing cycle time is 24 hours, including 12 hours for freezing and 12 hours for thawing; the number of freeze-thaw cycles was set to 7, 15, 30, 60 or 90 times according to the study, with the corresponding time being 7, 15, 30, 60 or 90 days.
8. The method for simulating the freezing and thawing cycle of the semi-exposed slope rock mass according to claim 1, wherein after the freezing and thawing test time is over, the rock test piece is taken out and subjected to a uniaxial compression test or a triaxial compression test to test the mechanical properties of the rock test piece after the freezing and thawing cycle, including compressive strength and elastic modulus parameters, and the degradation degree of the mechanical properties of the semi-exposed slope rock mass under the influence of the freezing and thawing environment to be researched is obtained by comparing the mechanical property parameters of the rock test piece which is not subjected to the freezing and thawing.
9. The method for simulating the freezing and thawing cycle of the slope rock in the semi-exposed state according to claim 1, wherein the testing method is realized by means of a rock freezing and thawing cycle testing system, the rock freezing and thawing cycle testing system comprises a simulation box, an openable top cover is arranged at the upper end of the simulation box, a test piece positioning device is arranged at the middle lower part in the simulation box, a water pipeline with a switch valve is communicated with one side of the middle lower part of the side surface of one end of the simulation box, the other end of the water pipeline is connected with a water storage box, and a drainage pipeline with a switch valve is communicated with the bottom of the other end of the simulation box downwards; the simulation box is characterized by also comprising a refrigeration evaporator arranged at the upper part of the simulation box, wherein the refrigeration evaporator is internally provided with a built-in fan and an air outlet facing the inside of the simulation box, and the refrigeration evaporator is connected with a compressor externally arranged outside the simulation box to form a refrigeration circulating system; the electric heating tube is fixed on the inner surface of the top cover of the simulation box; a magnetic strip fixing band is further arranged in the middle of the inner surface of the top cover of the simulation box along the central line, a searchlight base is fixedly arranged on the magnetic strip fixing band in an attracting mode, and an ultraviolet searchlight is downwards arranged on the searchlight base.
10. The simulation test method for the freezing and thawing cycle of the semi-exposed slope rock mass according to claim 9, wherein the test piece positioning device comprises a positioning ring positioned in the middle, the inner diameter of the positioning ring is 1-10mm larger than the outer diameter of the test piece, and the periphery of the positioning ring is fixed on the inner side wall of the simulation box through a horizontally arranged fixing rod;
the side surface of the simulation box is also provided with an exhaust window which is positioned at the height position of the positioning rings at the two sides of the simulation box;
the upper surface of the drainage pipeline is provided with a gauze;
4 refrigeration evaporators are arranged at four corner positions at the top of the simulation box;
the simulation box is made of transparent materials;
at least one side of the simulation box is provided with a vertical graduated scale;
the simulation case side inboard that the conduit is located is provided with a water catch bowl, and the water catch bowl sets up along the whole length direction of the simulation case lateral wall at conduit place, and the height of water catch bowl upper surface is not less than test piece positioner place height, and the retaining wall of one side that the water catch bowl faced test piece positioner is whole to be set up to remove the barricade, removes the retaining wall both sides and can slide joint cooperation from top to bottom in the retaining wall spout, removes the retaining wall and links to each other with a retaining wall vertical movement control mechanism.
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