CN111172672B - 一种MXenes/聚氨酯保温材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种MXenes/聚氨酯保温材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及复合材料的制备,具体涉及一种MXenes/聚氨酯保温材料及其制备方法。该材料的制备方法:采用静电熔吹技术,利用高电压、气压将含有不同含量的芳砜纶纤维和阻燃剂的聚氨酯混合液吹纺成纤维状的泡沫,之后,通过静电纺将MXenes与制备好的阻燃保温材料结合,制备出新型的阻燃和电磁屏蔽性能的保温材料。该材料具有良好的保温、优异的阻燃和良好的电磁屏蔽等有益性能,同时克服了传统保温材料的易燃和缺乏电磁屏蔽以及燃烧中产生有毒气体的缺点。可根据不同使用环境进行调整,而且工艺简单、操作安全、性能优良,适宜规模化生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及复合材料的制备,具体涉及一种MXenes/聚氨酯保温材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
聚氨酯泡沫材料因具有优异的保温和吸音性能而被广泛应用于汽车、家具、建筑墙体保温等领域。硬质聚氨酯泡沫很容易在空气中分解并产生大量易燃的微小碎片。这些碎片扩散到聚氨酯表面与空气混合,具有较强的可燃性。同时,硬质聚氨酯泡沫在燃烧时释放出大量有毒的气体如:低分子量碳氢化合物,CO,CO2,HCN等。这些有毒烟雾可能会被人体吸入而对健康造成潜在危害,这也是火灾中死亡的主要原因。所以,提高硬质聚氨酯泡沫的阻燃性势在必行。阻燃性指物质具有的或材料经处理后具有的明显推迟火焰蔓延的性质。
目前,易燃材料通常通过添加阻燃剂赋予它们一定的阻燃性能,多数使用的阻燃剂包括卤系阻燃剂和无机阻燃剂。卤系阻燃剂由于廉价且阻燃效果良好而具有广泛的市场,但卤系阻燃剂燃烧时会产生大量对身体有害的气体。无机阻燃剂具有廉价,毒性较低的特点,但是其阻燃性能较差,需要添加过量的无机化合物,LOI才能达到26%。除此之外,过量的阻燃剂会影响材料力学性能和聚合物成型工艺,对基材的机械性能影响较大。磷系阻燃剂既能在气相起作用也可以在凝聚相发挥效果,并且在燃烧过程中不会产生有毒气体。因此,磷系阻燃剂逐渐受到人们的关注。
近年来,由于科学技术的发展和人类需求的导向,电子设备向着更小、更轻和更可靠的方向发展,这就要求便携的电子设备具有更高的功率和更快的运行速度。然而,电子设备在高功率和高速运转时会辐射出大量高频电磁波,如微波和射频电磁波。电磁干扰会影响电子器件的正常工作,减少设备的使用寿命,严重时可直接中断设备运转,造成仪器损毁。对于汽车领域,电磁干扰会影响GPS***,甚至可能使控制***失灵,造成严重的交通事故;对于医疗及实验器械,电磁干扰会影响设备的正常运转。电磁辐射对生物体的主要影响为因其中枢神经***的机能障碍和以交感神经疲乏、紧张为主的植物神经失调。因此,解决电磁辐射及电磁干扰问题已经刻不容缓。
芳砜纶纤维是我国自主研制的一种新型高技术纤维产品,具有优良的耐热、阻燃和过滤性能、优异的物理机械性能和化学稳定性。芳砜纶纤维长期使用温度为250℃,100h加热后强度保持率大于80%,极限氧指数(LOI)为33%。芳砜纶现已广泛应用于防护产品、建筑材料、航空航天、国防军工等领域,与其他纤维混合使用,弥补其他纤维的缺陷。碳纤维是由碳元素组成的一种特种纤维,具有耐高温、抗摩擦、导电、导热及耐腐蚀等特性。
最近,前过渡金属碳化物或碳氮化物(MXenes)作为新型二维材料引起了人们的关注。MXenes是通过刻蚀掉MAX相中的A层而产生的。Mn+1AXn,其中M为早期过渡金属,A主要为IIIA或IVA族(即13或14族)元素,X是C或N,并且n=1、2或3。MXenes因具有良好的导电性,极大的比表面积而被用于储能,电磁屏蔽等方面。
芳砜纶纤维具有良好的阻燃性能,符合阻燃材料性能的要求。从阻燃无纺布来说,它可以通过纺纱、织造和上浆等工艺加工成阻燃无织布。但是其工艺过程较为复杂。
本发明,通过采用一定含量的短芳砜纶纤维,磷系阻燃剂,聚醚多元醇和异氰酸酯以及少量的水,在适当的反应温度和时间下,制备出阻燃的聚氨酯保温材料。然后通过静电纺将MXenes与硬质聚氨酯泡沫复合在一起,通过对聚氨酯保温材料的结构进行设计,制备出具有优异阻燃性和电磁屏蔽性能的保温材料,具有重要的经济效益和社会效益。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的首要技术问题是:通过控制不同含量超短芳砜纶纤维,改变聚氨酯泡沫保温材料的结构,将超短芳砜纶纤维均匀的镶嵌在泡沫内,制备出工艺简单、操作安全、性能优良的阻燃电磁屏蔽性能的保温材料。
为了达到上述目的,本发明采用了下列技术方案:
一种MXenes/聚氨酯保温材料的极限氧指数为29~32%,电磁屏蔽数值为40~54dB。MXenes作为新兴的二维材料(如碳化钛等)具有良好的金属导电性;芳砜纶纤维因分子结构主链上含有砜基(=SO2),在420℃以上的高温下开始分解,所以具有较好的阻燃和热稳定性;磷系阻燃剂的热降解产物促使聚合物表面迅速脱水而炭化,进而形成炭化层。由于单质碳不进行产生火焰的蒸发燃烧和分解燃烧,因此,具有阻燃保护作用。
一种MXenes/聚氨酯保温材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1,阻燃保温材料纺丝液的制备:取聚醚多元醇和磷酸酯阻燃剂,搅拌,混合均匀,静置使气泡完全消除,再缓慢加入超短芳砜纶纤维搅拌,超声至超短芳砜纶纤维分散均匀,静置使气泡完全消除,然后缓慢加入异氰酸酯,静置使异氰酸酯缓慢混合均匀,得到阻燃保温材料纺丝液;
步骤2,静电熔吹阻燃保温材料:将步骤1所得的阻燃保温材料纺丝液倒入静电熔吹设备的熔吹模头中,并在熔吹模头正下方铺上尼龙纤维接收网,在高压直流电和高压风作用下,步骤1所得的阻燃保温材料纺丝液从喷丝孔处喷出一束纤维束,熔吹过程中要持续观察喷丝孔是否有堵塞,如果堵塞,则尽快疏通,熔吹完成后在尼龙纤维接收网表面形成一层均匀蓬松的聚氨酯纤维膜,然后将聚氨酯纤维膜干燥;
步骤3,电磁屏蔽静电纺丝液的制备:取聚偏氟乙烯和DMF/丙酮混合液,搅拌,然后缓慢加入Ti3C2 MXenes,搅拌,然后超声至Ti3C2 MXenes分散均匀,静置,得到电磁屏蔽静电纺丝液;
步骤4,静电纺电磁屏蔽阻燃保温材料:将步骤3所得的电磁屏蔽静电纺丝液注入静电纺针管设备中,并在静电纺铝箔接收器上铺好步骤2所得的聚氨酯纤维膜,在直流电电压作用下,步骤3所得的电磁屏蔽静电纺丝液从静电纺丝头喷出一束纤维束,静电纺完成后在静电纺铝箔接收器上形成黑色的聚氨酯纤维膜,然后将黑色的聚氨酯纤维膜干燥,得到MXenes/聚氨酯保温材料。一般经向和纬向都含有金属纤维纤维膜时的屏蔽效能屏蔽效能较高,这是因为经纬向都含有金属纤维时相当于织物中构成了一个较完整的纵横交错的金属屏蔽导电网,这样便能更好地阻止电磁波的传播从而损耗电磁波能量。
进一步,所述步骤1中聚醚多元醇、磷酸酯阻燃剂为和异氰酸酯的质量比为15:3:5~15,超短芳砜纶纤维是质量分数为0~7.5wt%的超短芳砜纶纤维。由于空气是良好的保温材料,聚氨酯泡沫因具有较高的孔隙率(>90%)、从而可以储存大量的空气而具有较小的导热系数,因此被用于保温材料。芳砜纶纤维因分子结构主链上含有砜基(=SO2),在420℃以上的高温下开始分解,所以具有较好的阻燃和热稳定性。
进一步,所述步骤1中取聚醚多元醇和磷酸酯阻燃剂搅拌的转速为1000~1200rpm/min,搅拌时间为10~15min;加入超短芳砜纶纤维搅拌转速为800~1200rpm/min,搅拌时间为30min~60min。机械搅拌赋予溶液一定的剪切力,极快的搅拌速度使得剪切力大于聚醚多元醇与磷酸酯的表面张力,从而使聚醚多元醇与磷酸酯阻燃剂形成均匀的溶液。同样通过机械剪切力使得芳砜纶纤维均匀分散在液体中。
进一步,所述步骤2中高压直流电电压为38~40KV,高压风风压为0.05~0.12MPa,高压风的温度为23~26℃,高压风的湿度为30~40%,熔吹模头的喷丝头尖端和尼龙纤维接收网的距离为800~1000mm,喷丝孔的直径为0.4mm,熔吹的时间为40~100分钟,干燥的温度为60~70℃,干燥的时间为4~6h。静电溶吹技术是在传统静电纺基础上发展起来的一种新型的纳米纤维制备技术,由于纺丝液在气流场和静电场双重作用下牵伸细化,使得纺丝液的挤出率大大加快,极大地提高了纺丝的效率和纳微纤维的产量。且所纺制的纳米纤维网呈三维立体网络状,结构蓬松,在高温使用过程中纤维能保持更好的柔性。
进一步,所述步骤3中聚偏氟乙烯为、DMF/丙酮混合液和Ti3C2 MXenes的质量比为5.6:14.4:1,DMF与丙酮的体积比为7:3。聚偏氟乙烯易溶于DMF,由于丙酮在静电纺过程中易挥发,所以适量的丙酮可以在静电纺过程中增加PVDF的浓度,从而提高溶液的粘度;由于具有良好的导电性,Ti3C2 MXenes可以提高溶液的电导率,从而有利于静电纺。
再进一步,所述步骤3中取聚偏氟乙烯和DMF/丙酮混合液搅拌的温度为45~55℃,搅拌的转速为20~25rpm/min;加入Ti3C2 MXenes搅拌的时间为0.5~1h,搅拌的转速为20~25rpm/min,搅拌的时间为30~40min,静置30~60min。PVDF由于其优异的粘接性能、耐化学性和较高的机械性能,可以将MXenes嫁接在纳米纤维表面,并且可以将纳米纤维很好地连接在一起,组成密集的网络结构从而阻止电磁波通过。
更进一步,所述步骤4中静电纺针管设备的静电纺丝头尖端和静电纺铝箔接收器的距离为160~200mm,直流电电压为25~32KV,温度为23~26℃,湿度为30~40%,干燥温度为60~70℃,干燥时间为2~4h。静电纺丝是在强电场力的作用下将聚合物拉伸成纳米纤维的一种纺丝工艺,目前是唯一可以连续化生产纳米纤维的方法。溶液处于储存器中,有外加电极时会在电场作用下形成液滴;或者重力作用下,形成悬挂在管口的液滴,在电场力的作用下液滴表面布满了电荷,液滴之间受到的库仑斥力与液滴的表面张力方向相反,当电场强度增加时,液滴表面的电荷密度增加,库仑斥力大于液滴表面张力,液滴曲率发生变化被拉伸形成锥形,锥角为49.3°时,即带电液体称为泰勒锥。泰勒锥会随着电压的增加发生喷射,喷射流在电场作用下***,随着溶剂的慢慢挥发,射流开始固化,最后形成的纳米纤维收集于接受装置上。
与现有技术相比本发明具有以下优点:利用静电熔吹将阻燃剂和芳砜纶纤维与聚氨酯溶液复合成一种新型的新型阻燃保温材料,然后通过静电纺的方法将MXenes与新型阻燃保温材料复合制备出具有阻燃和电磁屏蔽性能的保温材料。该物质具有良好的阻燃性能、优异的电磁屏蔽和较好的保温性能,同时克服了传统保温材料易燃和缺乏电磁屏蔽性能的缺点。
附图说明
图1为新型阻燃和电磁屏蔽的保温材料的阻燃、电磁屏蔽表征图。
具体实施方式
实施例1
本实施例的一种MXenes/聚氨酯保温材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1,阻燃保温材料纺丝液的制备:取15g聚醚多元醇和3g磷酸酯阻燃剂,使用S569T2/A3直流伺服电动搅拌器1000rpm/min搅拌15min,混合均匀,静置使气泡完全消除,再缓慢加入质量分数为2.5%的超短芳砜纶纤维800rpm/min搅拌60min,超声至超短芳砜纶纤维分散均匀,静置使气泡完全消除,然后缓慢加入5g异氰酸酯,静置使异氰酸酯缓慢混合均匀,得到阻燃保温材料纺丝液;
步骤2,静电熔吹阻燃保温材料:将步骤1所得的阻燃保温材料纺丝液倒入静电熔吹设备的熔吹模头中,并在熔吹模头正下方铺上尼龙纤维接收网,熔吹模头的喷丝头尖端和尼龙纤维接收网的距离为800mm,在高压直流电和高压风作用下,步骤1所得的阻燃保温材料纺丝液从直径为0.4mm喷丝孔处喷出一束纤维束,高压直流电电压为38KV,高压风风压为0.05MPa,高压风的温度为23℃,高压风的湿度为30%,熔吹的时间为40min,熔吹完成后在尼龙纤维接收网表面形成一层均匀蓬松的聚氨酯纤维膜,然后将聚氨酯纤维膜放入鼓风箱内60℃干燥6h;
步骤3,电磁屏蔽静电纺丝液的制备:取5.6g的聚偏氟乙烯和14.4g的DMF/丙酮(体积比为7:3)混合液,45℃下20rpm/min的磁力搅拌1h,然后缓慢加入1g的Ti3C2 MXenes,20rpm/min搅拌40min,然后超声至Ti3C2 MXenes分散均匀,静置30min,得到电磁屏蔽静电纺丝液;
步骤4,静电纺电磁屏蔽阻燃保温材料:将步骤3所得的电磁屏蔽静电纺丝液注入静电纺针管设备中,并在静电纺铝箔接收器上铺好步骤2所得的聚氨酯纤维膜,静电纺针管设备的静电纺丝头尖端和静电纺铝箔接收器的距离为160mm,在直流电电压作用下,步骤3所得的电磁屏蔽静电纺丝液从静电纺丝头喷出一束纤维束,直流电电压为25KV,温度为23℃,湿度为30%,静电纺完成后在静电纺铝箔接收器上形成黑色的聚氨酯纤维膜,然后将黑色的聚氨酯纤维膜放入鼓风烘箱内60℃干燥4h,得到MXenes/聚氨酯保温材料。
本实施例的一种MXenes/聚氨酯保温材料的极限氧指数为29~32%,电磁屏蔽数值为40~54dB。
实施例2
本实施例的一种具有阻燃和电磁屏蔽性能的MXenes/聚氨酯保温材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1,阻燃保温材料纺丝液的制备:取15g聚醚多元醇和3g磷酸酯阻燃剂,使用S569T2/A3直流伺服电动搅拌器1100rpm/min搅拌13min,混合均匀,静置使气泡完全消除,再缓慢加入质量分数为5%的超短芳砜纶纤维1000rpm/min搅拌45min,超声至超短芳砜纶纤维分散均匀,静置使气泡完全消除,然后缓慢加入10g异氰酸酯,静置使异氰酸酯缓慢混合均匀,得到阻燃保温材料纺丝液;
步骤2,静电熔吹阻燃保温材料:将步骤1所得的阻燃保温材料纺丝液倒入静电熔吹设备的熔吹模头中,并在熔吹模头正下方铺上尼龙纤维接收网,熔吹模头的喷丝头尖端和尼龙纤维接收网的距离为900mm,在高压直流电和高压风作用下,步骤1所得的阻燃保温材料纺丝液从直径为0.4mm喷丝孔处喷出一束纤维束,高压直流电电压为39KV,高压风风压为0.08MPa,高压风的温度为24℃,高压风的湿度为35%,熔吹的时间为70分钟,熔吹完成后在尼龙纤维接收网表面形成一层均匀蓬松的聚氨酯纤维膜,然后将聚氨酯纤维膜放入鼓风箱内65℃干燥5h;
步骤3,电磁屏蔽静电纺丝液的制备:取5.6g的聚偏氟乙烯和14.4g的DMF/丙酮(体积比为7:3)混合液,50℃下24rpm/min的磁力搅拌0.8h,然后缓慢加入1g的Ti3C2 MXenes,24rpm/min搅拌35min,然后超声至Ti3C2 MXenes分散均匀,静置45min,得到电磁屏蔽静电纺丝液;
步骤4,静电纺电磁屏蔽阻燃保温材料:将步骤3所得的电磁屏蔽静电纺丝液注入静电纺针管设备中,并在静电纺铝箔接收器上铺好步骤2所得的聚氨酯纤维膜,静电纺针管设备的静电纺丝头尖端和静电纺铝箔接收器的距离为180mm,在直流电电压作用下,步骤3所得的电磁屏蔽静电纺丝液从静电纺丝头喷出一束纤维束,直流电电压为30KV,温度为25℃,湿度为35%,静电纺完成后在静电纺铝箔接收器上形成黑色的聚氨酯纤维膜,然后将黑色的聚氨酯纤维膜放入鼓风烘箱内65℃干燥3h,得到MXenes/聚氨酯保温材料。
本实施例的一种MXenes/聚氨酯保温材料的极限氧指数为29~32%,电磁屏蔽数值为40~54dB。
实施例3
本实施例的一种MXenes/聚氨酯保温材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1,阻燃保温材料纺丝液的制备:取15g聚醚多元醇和3g磷酸酯阻燃剂,使用S569T2/A3直流伺服电动搅拌器1200rpm/min搅拌10min,混合均匀,静置使气泡完全消除,再缓慢加入质量分数为7.5%的超短芳砜纶纤维1200rpm/min搅拌30min,超声至超短芳砜纶纤维分散均匀,静置使气泡完全消除,然后缓慢加入15g异氰酸酯,静置使异氰酸酯缓慢混合均匀,得到阻燃保温材料纺丝液;
步骤2,静电熔吹阻燃保温材料:将步骤1所得的阻燃保温材料纺丝液倒入静电熔吹设备的熔吹模头中,并在熔吹模头正下方铺上尼龙纤维接收网,熔吹模头的喷丝头尖端和尼龙纤维接收网的距离为1000mm,在高压直流电和高压风作用下,步骤1所得的阻燃保温材料纺丝液从直径为0.4mm喷丝孔处喷出一束纤维束,高压直流电电压为40KV,高压风风压为0.12MPa,高压风的温度为26℃,高压风的湿度为40%,熔吹的时间为70分钟,熔吹完成后在尼龙纤维接收网表面形成一层均匀蓬松的聚氨酯纤维膜,然后将聚氨酯纤维膜放入鼓风箱内70℃干燥4h;
步骤3,电磁屏蔽静电纺丝液的制备:取5.6g的聚偏氟乙烯和14.4g的DMF/丙酮(体积比为7:3)混合液,55℃下25rpm/min的磁力搅拌0.5h,然后缓慢加入1g的Ti3C2 MXenes,25rpm/min搅拌30min,然后超声至Ti3C2 MXenes分散均匀,静置60min,得到电磁屏蔽静电纺丝液;
步骤4,静电纺电磁屏蔽阻燃保温材料:将步骤3所得的电磁屏蔽静电纺丝液注入静电纺针管设备中,并在静电纺铝箔接收器上铺好步骤2所得的聚氨酯纤维膜,静电纺针管设备的静电纺丝头尖端和静电纺铝箔接收器的距离为200mm,在直流电电压作用下,步骤3所得的电磁屏蔽静电纺丝液从静电纺丝头喷出一束纤维束,直流电电压为32KV,温度为26℃,湿度为40%,静电纺完成后在静电纺铝箔接收器上形成黑色的聚氨酯纤维膜,然后将黑色的聚氨酯纤维膜放入鼓风烘箱内70℃干燥2h,得到MXenes/聚氨酯保温材料。
本实施例的一种MXenes/聚氨酯保温材料的极限氧指数为29~32%,电磁屏蔽数值为40~54dB。
图1显示了聚氨酯泡沫与新型保温材料的极限氧指数(LOI)与电磁屏蔽图。从图中可以看出,聚氨酯泡沫的LOI值最低为17%,当接触火很容易燃烧。新型保温材料可以将LOI值提高到32%,表明:新型保温材料具有良好的阻燃性能。在燃烧初级阶段,磷系阻燃剂的P-O-C破裂,快速分解的产物的炭形成致密的碳层,作为热和O2的屏障,从而阻挡热量传递到材料内部。另外,聚氨酯泡沫电磁屏蔽小于10dB,几乎没有电磁屏蔽效果。新型保温材料由MXenes具有良好的导电性,电磁波接触到新型保温材料表面后,经过反射、吸收以及多次反射,从而达到衰减电磁波能量,进而达到40dB以上,具有电磁波屏蔽的效果。
Claims (7)
1.一种MXenes/聚氨酯保温材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤1,阻燃保温材料纺丝液的制备:取聚醚多元醇和磷酸酯阻燃剂,搅拌,混合均匀,静置使气泡完全消除,再缓慢加入超短芳砜纶纤维搅拌,超声至超短芳砜纶纤维分散均匀,静置使气泡完全消除,然后缓慢加入异氰酸酯,静置使异氰酸酯缓慢混合均匀,得到阻燃保温材料纺丝液;
步骤2,静电熔吹阻燃保温材料:将步骤1所得的阻燃保温材料纺丝液倒入静电熔吹设备的熔吹模头中,并在熔吹模头正下方铺上尼龙纤维接收网,在高压直流电和高压风作用下,步骤1所得的阻燃保温材料纺丝液从喷丝孔处喷出一束纤维束,熔吹完成后在尼龙纤维接收网表面形成一层均匀蓬松的聚氨酯纤维膜,然后将聚氨酯纤维膜干燥;
步骤3,电磁屏蔽静电纺丝液的制备:取聚偏氟乙烯和DMF/丙酮混合液,搅拌,然后缓慢加入Ti3C2 MXenes,搅拌,然后超声至Ti3C2 MXenes分散均匀,静置,得到电磁屏蔽静电纺丝液;
步骤4,静电纺电磁屏蔽阻燃保温材料:将步骤3所得的电磁屏蔽静电纺丝液注入静电纺针管设备中,并在静电纺铝箔接收器上铺好步骤2所得的聚氨酯纤维膜,在直流电电压作用下,步骤3所得的电磁屏蔽静电纺丝液从静电纺丝头喷出一束纤维束,静电纺完成后在静电纺铝箔接收器上形成黑色的聚氨酯纤维膜,然后将黑色的聚氨酯纤维膜干燥,得到MXenes/聚氨酯保温材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种MXenes/聚氨酯保温材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤1中聚醚多元醇、磷酸酯阻燃剂和异氰酸酯的质量比为15:3:5~15,超短芳砜纶纤维是质量分数为0~7.5wt%的超短芳砜纶纤维。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种MXenes/聚氨酯保温材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤1中取聚醚多元醇和磷酸酯阻燃剂搅拌的转速为1000~1200rpm/min,搅拌时间为10~15min;加入超短芳砜纶纤维搅拌转速为800~1200rpm/min,搅拌时间为30min~60min。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种MXenes/聚氨酯保温材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤2中高压直流电电压为38~40KV,高压风风压为0.05~0.12MPa,高压风的温度为23~26℃,高压风的湿度为30~40%,熔吹模头的喷丝头尖端和尼龙纤维接收网的距离为800~1000mm,喷丝孔的直径为0.4mm,熔吹的时间为40~100分钟,干燥的温度为60~70℃,干燥的时间为4~6h。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种MXenes/聚氨酯保温材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤3中聚偏氟乙烯、DMF/丙酮混合液和Ti3C2 MXenes的质量比为5.6:14.4:1,DMF与丙酮的体积比为7:3。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种MXenes/聚氨酯保温材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤3中取聚偏氟乙烯和DMF/丙酮混合液搅拌的温度为45~55℃,搅拌的转速为20~25rpm/min,搅拌的时间为0.5~1h;加入Ti3C2 MXenes搅拌的转速为20~25rpm/min,搅拌的时间为30~40min,静置30~60min。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种MXenes/聚氨酯保温材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤4中静电纺针管设备的静电纺丝头尖端和静电纺铝箔接收器的距离为160~200mm,直流电电压为25~32KV,温度为23~26℃,湿度为30~40%,干燥温度为60~70℃,干燥时间为2~4h。
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