CN111052979A - Tea garden ganoderma lucidum secondary cultivation method for in-situ utilization of tea tree pruning branches and leaves - Google Patents
Tea garden ganoderma lucidum secondary cultivation method for in-situ utilization of tea tree pruning branches and leaves Download PDFInfo
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- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
According to the tea garden ganoderma secondary cultivation method for in-situ utilization of tea tree pruned branches and leaves, provided by the invention, the technical means that field in-situ crushing of the tea tree pruned branches and leaves is used as padding is utilized to construct the wild-simulated secondary utilization of a ganoderma lucidum stick tea garden.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of planting, in particular to a tea garden ganoderma lucidum secondary cultivation method for in-situ utilization of tea tree pruning branches and leaves.
Background
Ganoderma lucidum, also named Ruicao and Ganoderma lucidum, belongs to dry fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum or Ganoderma sinensis belonging to Polyporaceae, is a famous medicinal fungus in China, is first recorded in Shen nong Ben Cao Jing, and has effects of strengthening body resistance, consolidating constitution, nourishing, strengthening body, prolonging life, and maintaining organism balance. It is shown that Ganoderma contains various active ingredients, such as polysaccharide, triterpene, sterol, amino acids, protein, alkaloid, volatile oil, vitamins and inorganic elements. The wild ganoderma lucidum has extremely limited resource yield and higher price, and is difficult to meet the market demand, so the artificial ganoderma lucidum planting technology is applied to the growth of the ganoderma lucidum. At present, the ganoderma lucidum is mostly cultivated indoors or under forests by imitating wild cultivation, which has high requirements on the conditions of cultivation fields. The raw materials of the culture medium are mainly forest trees, which is contradictory to forest resource conservation. Therefore, substitute substrate raw materials for ganoderma lucidum cultivation and field bionic cultivation techniques of ganoderma lucidum are gradually increased in recent years.
However, the technology of cultivating lucid ganoderma by using tea branches instead of logs and interplanting in a tea garden is rarely reported, and related researches are to be further strengthened. At present, the yield is not high and the production cost is high in the tea branch substitute cultivation and the tea garden interplanting of the lucid ganoderma, and the tea garden interplanting is carried out by the first crop, so that the integral yield of the lucid ganoderma is obviously reduced and the waste is serious.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a tea garden ganoderma lucidum secondary cultivation method for in-situ utilization of tea tree pruned branches and leaves, which constructs a technical invention of imitating wild secondary utilization of a ganoderma lucidum fungus stick tea garden by using a technical means of field in-situ crushing of the tea tree pruned branches and leaves as padding. The technology of the invention can solve the problem of insufficient nutrients of the second-crop recycled ganoderma lucidum sticks, and can obviously improve the comprehensive yield of the interplanted ganoderma lucidum in the tea garden, and the specific scheme is as follows:
a tea garden ganoderma lucidum secondary cultivation method for in-situ utilization of tea tree pruning branches and leaves comprises the following steps: selecting two-crop ganoderma lucidum fungus sticks after one-crop picking, and soaking the two-crop ganoderma lucidum fungus sticks to ensure that the water content is more than or equal to 60%; planting two batches of ganoderma lucidum fungus sticks in gaps of a tea garden, wherein the tea row spacing in the tea garden is 1m-1.8 m; the canopy density of the tea garden is more than 50%, the distance between the horizontal plane of the tea rows and the ground is more than or equal to 100cm, the tea garden is trimmed, the tea branches are kept to automatically wither the tea rows and are air-dried, and the tea branches are crushed and ploughed to a soil layer by using a crushing device after the air-drying; the second-crop ganoderma lucidum fungus sticks are planted in a single row at the central line position among tea rows, the width of a planting ditch is more than or equal to 12cm, the planting depth is more than or equal to 15cm, and the length of the planting ditch is more than or equal to 40 cm; burying the pretreated fungus stick in the ditch, and covering the ditch with the fungus stick for 2-4 cm.
Preferably, the pruning of the tea garden is followed by retaining the automatic withering of the tea branches between the tea rows and air-drying, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: pruning a tea garden in 7 months every year, wherein the length of the pruned fallen tea branches is less than or equal to 15cm, and the length of the pruned tea leaves is less than or equal to 5 cm; after the building is finished, the building is naturally aired and dried until the water content is less than or equal to 20 percent, so that the mixing effect is ensured.
Preferably, after the air drying, the tea branches are crushed and ploughed to a soil layer by using a crushing device, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: uniformly crushing and turning tea branches to a depth of 0-20cm in a soil layer, uniformly turning and turning, selecting 3-7 soil sample points on a turning layer of a tea garden, filtering by using a screen, and detecting the crushing degree of the tea branches and leaves and the mass ratio of the tea branches and leaves to the soil.
Preferably, the length of the crushed tea branches and leaves is less than or equal to 1 cm; if the length of 20 percent of the branch and leaf crushed aggregates is more than 1.5cm, crushing and ploughing again; the mass ratio of the tea branches to the soil is about 1: 3-1: 5, and if the mass ratio is less than the above ratio, a certain amount of wheat bran or wood dust can be uniformly spread on the soil surface layer of the plowing layer, and then the plowing layer and the soil layer are uniformly plowed.
Preferably, the selecting of the second-crop ganoderma lucidum sticks after the first-crop ganoderma lucidum sticks are picked specifically comprises: selecting first-crop ganoderma lucidum fungus sticks harvested in 4-6 months per year, trimming the first-crop ganoderma lucidum fungus sticks, and placing the first-crop ganoderma lucidum fungus sticks in a heat-preservation and moisture-preservation box to ensure the activity of strains.
Preferably, the water content in the heat-preservation and moisture-preservation box is 50-70%, and the temperature is 10-18 ℃ so as to ensure the activity of strains.
Preferably, the selecting of the second-crop ganoderma lucidum sticks after the first-crop ganoderma lucidum sticks are picked specifically further comprises:
the first ganoderma lucidum sticks before the second ganoderma lucidum sticks are required to be subjected to disease prevention and sterilization treatment before being put into a heat preservation and moisture preservation box for preservation, the treatment time is not less than 4 hours, and the inhibition rate of harmful bacteria is controlled at 80%.
Preferably, the second-crop ganoderma lucidum sticks are planted in gaps of a tea garden, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: after the second batch of ganoderma lucidum sticks are planted, 2-3 ganoderma lucidum sporophores are reserved in each stick, and the excess ganoderma lucidum sporophores are removed in time to prevent the ganoderma lucidum sporophores from being too small or deformed.
According to the tea garden ganoderma secondary cultivation method for in-situ utilization of tea tree pruned branches and leaves, provided by the invention, the technical means that field in-situ crushing of the tea tree pruned branches and leaves is used as padding is utilized to construct the wild-simulated secondary utilization of a ganoderma lucidum stick tea garden.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate an embodiment of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a tea garden Ganoderma lucidum secondary cultivation method of the invention by in-situ utilization of tea tree pruned branches and leaves;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum in tea garden by the secondary cultivation method of Ganoderma lucidum in tea garden of the present invention with in-situ utilization of trimmed branches and leaves of tea tree;
FIG. 3 is a cross section of Ganoderma lucidum fungus stick tea garden intercropping in the secondary tea garden Ganoderma lucidum cultivation method for in-situ utilization of tea tree pruned branches and leaves.
In the above figures: 1. second-crop ganoderma lucidum fungus sticks; 2. tea leaves; 3. gaps of the tea garden; 4. tea branches; 5. a first mixed layer; 6. a second mixed layer; 7. and a third mixed layer.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be arbitrarily combined with each other without conflict.
A tea garden ganoderma lucidum secondary cultivation method for in-situ utilization of tea tree pruning branches and leaves comprises the following steps: selecting two-crop ganoderma lucidum fungus sticks 1 which are picked for one crop, and soaking the two-crop ganoderma lucidum fungus sticks to ensure that the water content is more than or equal to 60%; planting two-crop ganoderma lucidum fungus sticks 1 in a gap 3 of a tea garden, wherein the distance between tea rows 2 in the tea garden is 1m-1.8 m; the canopy density of the tea garden is more than 50%, the distance between the horizontal plane of the tea rows 2 and the ground is more than or equal to 100cm, the tea garden is trimmed, the tea branches 4 are kept to automatically wither among the tea rows 2 and air-dried, and the tea branches 4 are crushed and ploughed to a soil layer by using a crushing device after air-drying; the second-crop ganoderma lucidum fungus sticks 1 are planted in a single row at the central line position between the tea rows 2, the width of a planting ditch is more than or equal to 12cm, the planting depth is more than or equal to 15cm, and the length of planting is more than or equal to 40 cm; the pretreated mushroom sticks are buried in the furrows and covered with 2-4 cm soil, as will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples.
Example one
Referring to fig. 1, the flow chart of the tea garden ganoderma lucidum secondary cultivation method for in-situ utilization of tea tree pruning branches and leaves of the invention includes the following steps: selecting two-crop ganoderma lucidum fungus sticks 1 which are picked for one crop, and soaking the two-crop ganoderma lucidum fungus sticks to ensure that the water content is more than or equal to 60%; planting the second-crop ganoderma lucidum fungus sticks 1 in the gaps 3 of the tea garden. Referring to fig. 2, a schematic diagram of cultivating ganoderma lucidum in tea garden by using tea garden secondary cultivation method of tea garden ganoderma lucidum in situ by using trimmed branches and leaves of tea trees is shown, wherein the distance between 2 tea rows in the tea garden is 1m-1.8 m; the canopy density of the tea garden is more than 50%, the distance between the horizontal plane of the tea rows 2 and the ground is more than or equal to 100cm, the tea garden is trimmed, the tea branches 4 are kept to automatically wither among the tea rows 2 and air-dried, and the tea branches 4 are crushed and ploughed to a soil layer by using a crushing device after air-drying; the second-crop ganoderma lucidum fungus sticks 1 are planted in a single row at the central line position between the tea rows 2, the width of a planting ditch is more than or equal to 12cm, the planting depth is more than or equal to 15cm, and the length of planting is more than or equal to 40 cm; burying the pretreated fungus stick in the trench, and covering 2-4 cm of soil on the trench.
Further, pruning the tea garden and then keeping the tea branches 4 to automatically wither and fall within 2 tea rows and air-drying the tea rows specifically comprises the following steps: pruning a tea garden in 7 months every year, wherein the length of the pruned fallen tea branches is less than or equal to 15mm, and the length of the pruned tea leaves is less than or equal to 5 mm; after the building is finished, the building is naturally aired and dried until the water content is less than or equal to 20 percent, so that the mixing effect is ensured.
Furthermore, after the air drying, the tea branches 4 are crushed and turned to a soil layer by using a crushing device, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
in order to improve the survival rate of strains, the selection of the two-harvest ganoderma lucidum sticks 1 after the first-harvest is carried out specifically comprises the following steps: selecting first-crop ganoderma lucidum fungus sticks harvested in 4-6 months per year, trimming the first-crop ganoderma lucidum fungus sticks, and placing the first-crop ganoderma lucidum fungus sticks in a heat-preservation and moisture-preservation box to ensure the activity of strains.
Furthermore, the water content in the heat-preservation and moisture-preservation box is between 50% and 70%, and the temperature is between 10 ℃ and 18 ℃, so that the activity of strains is ensured.
Referring to fig. 3, the ganoderma lucidum fungus stick tea garden intercropping cross section of the tea garden ganoderma lucidum secondary cultivation method for in-situ utilization of tea tree pruned branches and leaves according to the present invention, after air drying, crushing and turning the tea branches 4 to a soil layer by using a crushing device, specifically comprising: the crushed tea branches 4 are mixed with soil to form a second mixing layer 6, and a first mixing layer 5 mixed with sawdust and humus is uniformly covered above the second mixing layer 6, so that ventilation and nutrition supply are guaranteed.
In order to improve the growing environment, the tea branches 4 are crushed and turned to a soil layer by using a crushing device after being dried by air, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: a third mixed layer 7 mixed by sand and soil is uniformly covered under the second mixed layer 6 so as to ensure the water supply.
Furthermore, the selecting the second-crop ganoderma lucidum sticks 1 after the first-crop ganoderma lucidum sticks are picked specifically comprises the following steps: the first ganoderma lucidum sticks before the second ganoderma lucidum sticks 1 need to be subjected to disease prevention and sterilization treatment before being put into a heat preservation and moisture preservation box for preservation, the treatment time is not less than 4 hours, and the harmful bacterium inhibition rate is controlled at 80%.
In order to improve the quality of the ganoderma lucidum, the second-crop ganoderma lucidum fungus sticks 1 are planted in the gaps 3 of the tea garden, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: after the second batch of ganoderma lucidum sticks 1 are planted, 2-3 ganoderma lucidum sporophores are reserved in each stick, and the excess ganoderma lucidum sporophores are removed in time to prevent the ganoderma lucidum sporophores from being too small or deformed.
Example two
Selecting 30-year-old plum accounts (variety) of the tea garden, wherein the distance between every two tea rows is 1 m; the canopy density of the tea garden is not less than 90 percent, and the height of the tea tree is 1.30 m. Pruning and ploughing the tea garden: and (3) pruning the tea garden in 11 months in the year, wherein the distance between the pruning horizontal plane and the top is about 14cm, pruning 4 leaves of the tea branches, automatically withering the tea rows for 2 times, naturally airing the tea branches for 60-70 days, and ploughing the branches and leaves to a soil layer with the depth being more than or equal to 15cm by using a small-sized ploughing machine. Pretreating waste ganoderma lucidum sticks: and (3) ganoderma lucidum cultivation: cultivating Ganoderma with the trimmed and cut tea branches 4, cultivating for about 8 months and 10 days per year, filling the bag for about 9 months and 20 days, allowing primordium to grow out, and allowing the bag to enter into maturation stage after 60 days. Soaking the harvested second-crop ganoderma lucidum sticks 1 in water for 1-2h, wherein the water content of the sticks is not less than 60%, soaking the sticks in water from a mushroom house, transplanting the sticks to a tea garden, and removing peripheral plastic packages during transplanting to avoid bringing the sticks into tea garden soil to cause pollution. And (3) interplanting each row in the tea garden to carry out single-row planting, wherein the distance between each fungus stick is not less than 40cm, so that the tea garden management is influenced by too close planting. 960 plants (the row spacing of the tea garden is 0.8m) can be interplanted in each mu of tea garden theoretically, the soil is covered by 2-4 cm, and the number of the lucid ganoderma is 20% more than that of the lucid ganoderma which is not implemented by the method according to the comparative result.
EXAMPLE III
Selecting a 20-year-old Fuding white (variety) tea garden with 2 rows of tea at an interval of 1.2 m; the canopy density of the tea garden is about 80 percent, and the height of the tea tree is 1.1 m. Pruning and ploughing the tea garden: and (3) pruning the tea garden 7 months in the year, wherein the distance between the pruning horizontal plane and the top is about 10cm, pruning 4 leaves of the tea branches, automatically withering the tea rows for 2 days, naturally airing and air-drying the tea branches and leaves for 50-60 days, and crushing and turning the branches and leaves to a soil layer by using a small-sized turning machine, wherein the depth is more than or equal to 15 cm. Pretreating waste ganoderma lucidum sticks: and (3) ganoderma lucidum cultivation: cultivating the ganoderma lucidum by utilizing the pruned and tablemowed tea branches 4, cultivating for 4 months every year, and harvesting for 5-6 months. Soaking the harvested second-crop ganoderma lucidum fungus sticks 1 in water for 2-3h, wherein the water content of the fungus sticks is not lower than 60%, soaking in water from a mushroom house, transplanting the fungus sticks to a tea garden, and removing peripheral plastic packages during transplanting to avoid bringing the fungus sticks into tea garden soil to cause pollution. The tea garden is interplanted in a row and in a single row, the distance between every two fungus sticks is not less than 20cm, and the tea garden management is affected due to too close planting. A plurality of lucid ganoderma plants can be interplanted in each mu of tea garden theoretically, the soil is covered by 3-5cm, and compared results show that the lucid ganoderma is 25% more than that of the lucid ganoderma which is not implemented by the method.
Example four
The content of the lucid ganoderma components: picking Ganoderma, oven drying at 85 deg.C to constant weight, and pulverizing to obtain sample. The yield was measured directly on an analytical balance; amino acid is measured by a full-automatic amino acid analyzer; the ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide, ganoderma lucidum triterpene and sterol are measured by an ultraviolet spectrocolorimetry, the number and the content of the fruit of the non-interplanted ganoderma lucidum are compared by comparing the tea branch 4-generation material cultivated type ganoderma lucidum and the wood chip cultivated type ganoderma lucidum, and the comparison result shows that the effective components and the economic value are improved.
TABLE 1 Ganoderma encarpium nutrient component content
TABLE 2 Ganoderma lucidum yield and economic value
According to the tea garden ganoderma secondary cultivation method for in-situ utilization of tea tree pruned branches and leaves, provided by the invention, the technical means that field in-situ crushing of the tea tree pruned branches and leaves is used as padding is utilized to construct the wild-simulated secondary utilization of a ganoderma lucidum stick tea garden.
The above-described aspects may be implemented individually or in various combinations, and such variations are within the scope of the present invention.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that all or part of the steps of the above methods may be implemented by instructing the relevant hardware through a program, and the program may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, such as a read-only memory, a magnetic or optical disk, and the like. Alternatively, all or part of the steps of the foregoing embodiments may also be implemented by using one or more integrated circuits, and accordingly, each device/unit in the foregoing embodiments may be implemented in a form of hardware, and may also be implemented in a form of software functional device. The present invention is not limited to any specific form of combination of hardware and software.
It is to be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises", "comprising" or any other variation thereof are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, so that an article or apparatus including a series of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not explicitly listed or inherent to such article or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising … …" does not exclude the presence of additional like elements in the article or device comprising the element.
The above embodiments are merely to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit the present invention, and the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and equivalent arrangements may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention and it should be understood that the present invention is to be covered by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A tea garden ganoderma lucidum secondary cultivation method for in-situ utilization of tea tree pruning branches and leaves is characterized by comprising the following steps:
selecting two-crop ganoderma lucidum fungus sticks after one-crop picking, and soaking the two-crop ganoderma lucidum fungus sticks to ensure that the water content is more than or equal to 60%;
planting two batches of ganoderma lucidum fungus sticks in gaps of a tea garden, wherein the tea row spacing in the tea garden is 1m-1.8 m;
the canopy density of the tea garden is more than 50%, the distance between the horizontal plane of the tea rows and the ground is more than or equal to 100cm, the tea garden is trimmed, the tea branches are kept to automatically wither the tea rows and are air-dried, and the tea branches are crushed and ploughed to a soil layer by using a crushing device after the air-drying;
the second-crop ganoderma lucidum fungus sticks are planted in a single row at the central line position among tea rows, the width of a planting ditch is more than or equal to 12cm, the planting depth is more than or equal to 15cm, and the length of the planting ditch is more than or equal to 40 cm;
burying the pretreated fungus stick in the ditch, and covering the ditch with the fungus stick for 2-4 cm.
2. The method for secondarily cultivating the ganoderma lucidum in the tea garden by utilizing the trimmed tea trees and tea leaves in situ as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method for automatically withering the tea branches and keeping the tea branches after the tea garden is trimmed and drying the tea branches in the tea garden comprises the following specific steps:
pruning a tea garden in 7 months every year, wherein the length of the pruned fallen tea branches is less than or equal to 15cm, and the length of the pruned tea leaves is less than or equal to 5 cm;
after the building is finished, the building is naturally aired and dried until the water content is less than or equal to 20 percent, so that the mixing effect is ensured.
3. The tea garden ganoderma lucidum secondary cultivation method for in-situ utilization of tea tree pruning branches and leaves as claimed in claim 2, wherein the crushing device is used for crushing and turning the tea branches to a soil layer after air drying, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
uniformly crushing and turning tea branches to a depth of 0-20cm in a soil layer, uniformly turning and turning, selecting 3-7 soil sample points on a turning layer of a tea garden, filtering by using a screen, and detecting the crushing degree of the tea branches and leaves and the mass ratio of the tea branches and leaves to the soil.
4. The method for secondary cultivation of tea garden ganoderma lucidum with in-situ utilization of trimmed branches and leaves of tea trees as claimed in claim 3, wherein the method further comprises:
the length of the crushed materials of the tea branches and leaves is preferably less than or equal to 1 cm; if the length of 20 percent of the branch and leaf crushed aggregates is more than 1.5cm, crushing and ploughing again; the mass ratio of the tea branches to the soil is about 1: 3-1: 5, and if the mass ratio is less than the above ratio, a certain amount of wheat bran or wood dust can be uniformly spread on the soil surface layer of the plowing layer, and then the plowing layer and the soil layer are uniformly plowed.
5. The method for secondary cultivation of tea garden ganoderma lucidum as claimed in claim 4, wherein the step of selecting the two-stage ganoderma lucidum sticks after the first-stage ganoderma lucidum sticks are picked comprises the following steps:
selecting first-crop ganoderma lucidum fungus sticks harvested in 4-6 months per year, trimming the first-crop ganoderma lucidum fungus sticks, and placing the first-crop ganoderma lucidum fungus sticks in a heat-preservation and moisture-preservation box to ensure the activity of strains.
6. The method for secondary cultivation of tea garden ganoderma lucidum in situ utilization of tea tree pruned branches and leaves as claimed in claim 5, wherein the moisture content in the heat preservation and moisture preservation box is between 50% and 70%, and the temperature is between 10 ℃ and 18 ℃ so as to ensure the strain activity.
7. The method for secondary cultivation of tea garden ganoderma lucidum as claimed in claim 6, wherein the selecting of the two-stage ganoderma lucidum fungus sticks after the picking of the first stage ganoderma lucidum fungus sticks further comprises:
the first ganoderma lucidum sticks before the second ganoderma lucidum sticks are required to be subjected to disease prevention and sterilization treatment before being put into a heat preservation and moisture preservation box for preservation, the treatment time is not less than 4 hours, and the inhibition rate of harmful bacteria is controlled at 80%.
8. The secondary cultivation method of ganoderma lucidum in tea garden for in-situ utilization of trimmed branches and leaves of tea trees as claimed in claim 7, wherein the second-crop ganoderma lucidum fungus sticks are planted in gaps of the tea garden, and the method further comprises the following steps:
after the second batch of ganoderma lucidum sticks are planted, 2-3 ganoderma lucidum sporophores are reserved in each stick, and the excess ganoderma lucidum sporophores are removed in time to prevent the ganoderma lucidum sporophores from being too small or deformed.
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