CN101705672A - Method for designing ecological pollution reducing drainage channel - Google Patents
Method for designing ecological pollution reducing drainage channel Download PDFInfo
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- CN101705672A CN101705672A CN200910272811A CN200910272811A CN101705672A CN 101705672 A CN101705672 A CN 101705672A CN 200910272811 A CN200910272811 A CN 200910272811A CN 200910272811 A CN200910272811 A CN 200910272811A CN 101705672 A CN101705672 A CN 101705672A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for designing an ecological pollution reducing drainage channel, which comprises the following steps: (a) digging a drainage channel according to the drainage and water-logging prevention standards or repairing the drainage channel with a trapezoidal cross section; (b) paving honeycombed concrete precast slabs with a plurality of holes on the two sides of the channel to keep the smooth drainage of farmlands and the stability of slopes; (c) planting a submerged plant in the holes of the honeycombed concrete precast slabs, wherein the submerged plant is eel grass, hornwort, waterweed, water milfoil, pondweed or ruppia maritima; (d) setting wide-top weir type water retaining dams in the ecological pollution reducing drainage channel at intervals of 200 to 500 meters, and setting a control gate at the top of the wide-top weir type water retaining dam; and (e) setting a scale for measuring water at one side of the wide-top weir type water retaining dam. The method can prevent the collapse of the drainage channel, keep the stability of the side slope and the smooth drainage, implement the drainage measurement and control the drainage under the condition of meeting the drainage and water-logging prevention standards of the farmland, and reduce the loss of fertilizer nutrients from an irrigation and drainage system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of escape canal method for designing, relate in particular to a kind of method for designing ecological pollution reducing drainage channel.
Background technology
Since the founding of New, Party and government pay much attention to the development of irrigation and drainage cause, 8.3 hundred million mu of farmland under irrigations have now been built up, the grain of producing on the annual irrigated area accounts for 3/4 of national total amount, the industrial crops that produce account for more than 90% of the whole nation, make China solve the problem of food and clothing that accounts for the world's 22% population, for essential condition has been created in the stable development that ensures Chinese agriculture production, grain security and economic society with the renewable water resources quantity that accounts for the world 6%, 9% arable land.
Along with carrying out in a deep going way of supporting and transformation on economy of water cousumption work continued in national irrigated area, China's engineering irrigation facility has obtained very great development, and tentatively set up the irrigation and drainage Engineering System, but also exist the row's of filling engineering not match, heavily irritate phenomenons such as light row, to such an extent as to exist on the one hand a large amount of lining cutting of irrigation canal, hardening phenomenon serious, exist a large amount of escape canals to cave in alluvial seriously on the other hand again, impeded drainage, problems such as natural precipitation, underground water and irrigation return flow utilization rate are low cause the whole nation to still have easy waterlogging 2,450 ten thousand hm that plough so far
2How to satisfy under farmland water drainage, the prevention against water-logging standard-required, reasonably optimizing designing and arranging Box Drain is kept its stability of slope, realizes metering draining and control draining, improving the regeneration rate of agricultural drain, then is that people press for one of important practical problem of researching and solving.
At present, though people have proposed to utilize armored concrete slab to carry out gutter lining cutting technology at the escape canal serious problem of alluvial of caving in.But the escape canal after the lining cutting sclerosis may change the agricultural drain graph, even hinders farmland row's stain; Simultaneously, also be unfavorable for the bio-diversity that protects the fields.Escape canal after the sclerosis has reduced the absorption machine meeting of ecological vegetation to nutriments such as nitrogen, phosphorus owing to lacked ecological vegetation, thereby, lose the ecological protective screen of agricultural drain irrigation canals and ditches and subtracted dirty effect.Nutriments such as a large amount of nitrogen, phosphorus have been lost to outside the farmland, cause the many lakes of China, reservoir and river generation body eutrophication phenomenon.For this reason, Chen Jinshan proposes a kind of use eco-concrete plate and builds water purification irrigation canals and ditches technology (the eco-concrete technology [J] that is used for water pollution control, the constructional materials journal, 2003,3 (4), the 60-64 page or leaf), but, when this kind technology is applied to sewerage treatment, still exist the solid matter in the sewage to be deposited on the concrete, the hole of the very fast obstruction coarse porous concrete of meeting makes it lose water purification function; And common eco-concrete purifying water effect (especially turbidity etc.) is desirable not enough; Concrete calcium ion in circulating water runs off in a large number, and the hydrated cementitious product is decomposed, and causes intensity to reduce, even destroys, and the result causes problems such as concrete durability not insufficient.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to address the above problem and provide a kind of and can prevent that escape canal from caving in, keep its stability of slope and draining unobstructed, and, reduce the method for designing ecological pollution reducing drainage channel of pollutants such as chemical fertilizer, agricultural chemicals from the number of dropouts of irrigation and drainage system with functions satisfying implementation drainage metering and control draining under the farmland water drainage prevention against water-logging standard-required.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above the technical scheme that is adopted:
It comprises the steps: that (a) excavates or repair escape canal cross section in echelon according to water drainage prevention against water-logging standard-required, and the irrigation canals and ditches bottom keeps nature permeable steadily; (b) lay concrete with honeycombed spots precast plate to keep agricultural drain unobstructed and keep stability of slope in irrigation canals and ditches both sides side slope with a plurality of holes; In the hole of concrete with honeycombed spots precast plate, plant submerged plant, described submerged plant is eel grass, hornwort, waterweed, poly-algae, bog pondweed or tasselled dish, submerged plant is used for absorbed nitrogen, phosphorus or insecticide pollution, thereby constitutes stable ecological pollution reducing drainage channel system; In ecological pollution reducing drainage channel, a broad crested weir formula is set and blocks the water dykes and dams, block water dykes and dams top in the broad crested weir formula control sluice is set every 200m-500m; (e) block water dykes and dams one side in the broad crested weir formula water gaging scale be set, to realize metering agricultural drain amount and control draining position.
The spacing of above-mentioned hole is 260mm, and the aperture is 110mm.
The length of above-mentioned concrete with honeycombed spots precast plate is that 60cm, width are that 50cm, thickness are 5cm.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has obtained following technique effect:
1, this invention can effectively solve the problem of caving in of present irrigation and drainage system with functions, reduce in the agricultural drain nutrient concentrations such as nitrogen phosphorus, prevent body eutrophication, reach the purpose of liquid manure resources effective utilization, in addition, the plant in the ecological ditch can increase bio-diversity, beautifies rural environment, even can be used as animal feeding-stuff etc., have good economic well-being of workers and staff;
2, control sluice is set and is provided with the water gaging scale by block water dykes and dams top in the broad crested weir formula, can realize farmland metering and control draining, improve rainwater and irrigation return flow utilization rate in a side.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a concrete with honeycombed spots precast plate structural representation;
Fig. 2 is a longitudinal plan of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a vertical view of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the sectional view of Fig. 3 at the I-I place;
Fig. 5 is the sectional view of Fig. 3 at the II-II place.
Wherein: 1-concrete with honeycombed spots precast plate, 2-hole, 3-submerged plant, 4-broad crested weir formula are blocked water dykes and dams, 5-control sluice, 6-water gaging scale.
The specific embodiment
Further specify embodiments of the invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Referring to Fig. 1-5, a kind of method for designing ecological pollution reducing drainage channel, it comprises the steps: that (a) excavates or repair escape canal cross section in echelon according to water drainage prevention against water-logging standard-required, the irrigation canals and ditches bottom keeps nature permeable steadily; (b) lay concrete with honeycombed spots precast plate 1 in irrigation canals and ditches both sides side slope with a plurality of holes 2, to keep agricultural drain unobstructed and keep stability of slope, concrete with honeycombed spots precast plate length 60cm, width 50cm, thickness 5cm, hole centre distance 260mm, bore dia 110mm; (c) plantation submerged plant 3 in the hole of concrete with honeycombed spots precast plate, described submerged plant is eel grass, hornwort, waterweed, poly-algae, bog pondweed or tasselled dish, submerged plant is used for absorbed nitrogen, phosphorus or insecticide pollution, thereby constitute stable ecological pollution reducing drainage channel system, certainly plant purification group technology concrete configuration scheme requires to decide on local escape canal actual conditions and floristics, draining water quality standard; (d) in ecological pollution reducing drainage channel, a broad crested weir formula is set and blocks water dykes and dams 4, block water dykes and dams top in the broad crested weir formula control sluice 5 is set every 200m-500m; (e) block water dykes and dams one side in the broad crested weir formula water gaging scale 6 is set, to realize metering agricultural drain amount and control draining position.
Referring to Fig. 1, dotted line is represented inner reinforcing bar draw structure, single honeycombed concrete plate length 60cm, width 50cm, thickness 5cm, hole centre distance 260mm, bore dia 110mm.
Referring to Fig. 2, the m-slope coefficient, calculate the back according to cutting depth groove soil property and groundwater condition etc. through stability analysis and determine that cutting depth is no more than 5m, the raceway groove minimum slope coefficient that the depth of water is no more than 3m should meet the regulation of " Code for design of irrigation and drainage GB50288-99 ";
H
1-water drainage water level elevation, it determines to meet the regulation of " agricultural drain engineering legislation SL/T4-1999 ";
H
2-row accumulated water position elevation, it determines to meet the regulation of " agricultural drain engineering legislation SL/T4-1999 ";
H
3-channel bottom surface elevation is determined according to the regulation of the row of filling irrigation canals and ditches geographic location and " Code for design of irrigation and drainage GB50288-99 ";
B-channel bottom width, the regulation that reaches " Code for design of irrigation and drainage GB50288-99 " according to the row's of filling irrigation canals and ditches status of living in irrigation and drainage system with functions is determined;
A, a '-groundwater control water level should be determined according to farmland prevention against water-logging standard.
Referring to Fig. 3, h
1-broad crested weir both sides concrete baffle walls elevation;
h
2-broad crested weir bottom elevation, h
2≤ H
2,
I-I represents broad crested weir gate schematic cross section (as shown in Figure 4);
II-II represents broad crested weir gate vertical section schematic diagram (as shown in Figure 5).
Referring to Fig. 4, l
1-overcurrent width;
l
2-gate width;
Referring to Fig. 5, K
1-broad crested weir weir crest thickness;
K
2-gate thickness;
To notice that to the present invention's excavation following engineering parameter is as follows:
(1) escape canal is adopted the original position transformation, the irrigation canals and ditches cross section is a trapezoidal cross-section, and slope coefficient is m, and bottom of trench suitably digs deeply.Because trapezoidal cross-section is applicable to that design discharge is big, the less channel of side slope, thereby adopts trapezoidal cross-section more stable; In addition, slope coefficient m is main relevant with raceway groove soil property and ditch depth, and soil property is pine more, and raceway groove is darker, and the slope coefficient of employing is bigger;
(2) carry out backfill behind the raceway groove excavation.Because the root system of wetland plant mainly is distributed in 25cm with interior zone, so the dark 20-30cm of furrow bank backfill lays furrow bank (reference dimension: the about 260mm of the pitch of holes concrete prefabricated board specification as shown in the figure, with concrete prefabricated board at last, the aperture is 110mm, and concrete size is regarded thing as and decided); In addition, because bottom of trench keeps nature permeable, there be washing away to a certain degree, so the bottom of trench backfill should suitably increase also compacting deeply, for about 50-60cm.Plant different floristics in the hole of irrigation canals and ditches both sides according to actual needs respectively.
During according to water drainage prevention against water-logging standard-required excavation or finishing escape canal, the channel bottom keeps nature permeable steadily, and the concrete with honeycombed spots precast plate that porous is laid in the irrigation canals and ditches both sides is to keep agricultural drain unobstructed and keep stability of slope, and on concrete prefabricated board in the honeycomb hole plantation some easy absorbed nitrogen phosphorus, pollutants such as agricultural chemicals and the plant that not too blocks water, constitute stable ecological pollution reducing drainage channel system thus. by organic matter in the system, water plant, physics in organic-biological chain that forms between the microorganism and the water body, chemistry, the synergy of aspects such as biology, realization is to nitrogen in the agricultural drain, the absorption cleaning of phosphorus nutrition thing is handled, reduced the discharge value of agricultural nonpoint source pollution thing, prevent body eutrophication. meanwhile, a gageable broad crested weir (the weir crest height is advisable to be no more than farmland prevention against water-logging control water level standard-required) formula is set in the certain spacing range of ecological pollution reducing drainage channel system blocks water dykes and dams (lock), at this control sluice (being advisable to be no more than farmland water drainage control water level standard-required) of certain altitude is set above the burrock top, and at weir crest one side mark water gaging scale, to realize metering agricultural drain amount and control draining position. when water scarcity, but barrier gate is retained rainwater and irrigation return flow, realize Rainwater Resources utilization and agricultural drain regeneration, improve the utilization rate of rainwater and irrigation return flow; When meeting heavy rain, can open a sluice gate and draw out some water, satisfy the water drainage requirement. what deserves to be explained is, broad crested weir has been postponed the water discharge time of flush period layout field to dead furrow to the control of outfall height, help giving full play to the wetland function in gutter, alleviate the flow turbulence that causes because of raindrop splass, reduce because rainfall hits to spatter corrodes and chemical erosion enters particle and soluble nitrogen phosphorus content in the surface water, stoped bottom sediment to enter raceway groove effectively, thereby reduced agricultural nonpoint source pollution. last, the nitrogen phosphorus particles such as silt that the plant of planting in ecological ditch can be tackled in the sweat of field effectively enter drainage system, reduce the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus of soil erosion and particulate form thereof.
Protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and obviously, those skilled in the art can carry out various changes and distortion and do not depart from the scope of the present invention and spirit the present invention.If these changes and distortion belong in the scope of claim of the present invention and equivalent technologies thereof, then the intent of the present invention also comprises these changes and is out of shape interior.
Claims (3)
1. method for designing ecological pollution reducing drainage channel is characterized in that: it comprises the steps: (a) according to water drainage prevention against water-logging standard-required excavation or finishing escape canal cross section in echelon, and the irrigation canals and ditches bottom keeps nature permeable steadily; (b) lay concrete with honeycombed spots precast plate (1) at irrigation canals and ditches two side slopes with a plurality of holes (2), unobstructed and keep stability of slope and life entity active tunnel to keep agricultural drain; (c) in the hole of concrete with honeycombed spots precast plate, plant submerged plant (3), described submerged plant is eel grass, hornwort, waterweed, poly-algae, bog pondweed or tasselled dish, submerged plant is used for absorbed nitrogen, phosphorus or insecticide pollution, thereby constitutes stable ecological pollution reducing drainage channel system; (d) in ecological pollution reducing drainage channel, every 200m-500m a broad crested weir formula is set and blocks water dykes and dams (4), block water dykes and dams top in the broad crested weir formula control sluice (5) is set, to realize the control draining; (e) block water dykes and dams one side in the broad crested weir formula water gaging scale (6) is set, to realize farmland metering displacement.
2. ecological pollution reducing drainage channel according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the spacing of described hole is 260mm, and the aperture is 110mm.
3. ecological pollution reducing drainage channel according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: the length of described concrete with honeycombed spots precast plate is that 60cm, width are that 50cm, thickness are 5cm.
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| CN2009102728116A CN101705672B (en) | 2009-11-18 | 2009-11-18 | Method for designing ecological pollution reducing drainage channel |
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| CN2009102728116A CN101705672B (en) | 2009-11-18 | 2009-11-18 | Method for designing ecological pollution reducing drainage channel |
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Cited By (10)
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| CN101985377A (en) * | 2010-10-27 | 2011-03-16 | 湖南农业大学 | Ecological ditch for sewage treatment, and construction method and use thereof |
| CN102011379A (en) * | 2010-10-22 | 2011-04-13 | 上海交通大学 | Pollution control method of farmland drainage in plain tidal river network area |
| CN103321195A (en) * | 2012-08-23 | 2013-09-25 | 上海市环境科学研究院 | Farmland ecologic interception ditch adopting slope protection technology and construction method of ditch |
| CN103936163A (en) * | 2014-04-25 | 2014-07-23 | 中国矿业大学 | Method for water resource cascade adjustment control and water quality ecological purification in high groundwater level coal-mining subsidence area |
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| CN102011379A (en) * | 2010-10-22 | 2011-04-13 | 上海交通大学 | Pollution control method of farmland drainage in plain tidal river network area |
| CN101985377A (en) * | 2010-10-27 | 2011-03-16 | 湖南农业大学 | Ecological ditch for sewage treatment, and construction method and use thereof |
| CN103321195A (en) * | 2012-08-23 | 2013-09-25 | 上海市环境科学研究院 | Farmland ecologic interception ditch adopting slope protection technology and construction method of ditch |
| CN103321195B (en) * | 2012-08-23 | 2016-05-18 | 上海市环境科学研究院 | A kind of agricultural ecological interception irrigation canals and ditches and construction method thereof that adopts bulkhead tech |
| CN103936163A (en) * | 2014-04-25 | 2014-07-23 | 中国矿业大学 | Method for water resource cascade adjustment control and water quality ecological purification in high groundwater level coal-mining subsidence area |
| CN108558064A (en) * | 2018-04-03 | 2018-09-21 | 佛山市馨乐环保科技有限公司 | A kind of efficient water ecological purification system and its purification method |
| CN108914872A (en) * | 2018-07-11 | 2018-11-30 | 谢海斌 | A kind of hydraulic engineering streams protection equipment |
| CN108914872B (en) * | 2018-07-11 | 2020-07-24 | 浙江新瑞建设集团有限公司 | Stream protection equipment for hydraulic engineering |
| CN110485362A (en) * | 2019-09-20 | 2019-11-22 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | More automatic joint debugging formula reservoirs in library |
| CN113931689A (en) * | 2021-11-11 | 2022-01-14 | 重庆大学 | Drainage and purification system and method for reverse slope tunnel |
| CN113931689B (en) * | 2021-11-11 | 2024-03-22 | 重庆大学 | Reverse slope tunnel drainage and purification system and method |
| CN114956340A (en) * | 2021-11-19 | 2022-08-30 | 广州城建职业学院 | Ecological transformation method for hardened farmland drainage ditch |
| CN114956340B (en) * | 2021-11-19 | 2023-09-12 | 广州城建职业学院 | Ecological reconstruction method for hardened farmland drainage ditch |
| CN117716993A (en) * | 2024-02-07 | 2024-03-19 | 山东省水利科学研究院 | Safe and ecological water delivery channel |
| CN117716993B (en) * | 2024-02-07 | 2024-04-23 | 山东省水利科学研究院 | Safe and ecological water delivery channel |
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| CN101705672B (en) | 2011-04-20 |
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Inventor after: Shao Dongguo Inventor after: Guo Longgen Inventor after: Liu Wuyi Inventor after: Liu Huanhuan Inventor after: Wang Jianzhang Inventor after: Qiao Xin Inventor after: Sun Chunmin Inventor after: Yang Rui Inventor before: Shao Dongguo Inventor before: Liu Wuyi Inventor before: Liu Huanhuan Inventor before: Wang Jianzhang Inventor before: Guo Longgen Inventor before: Qiao Xin Inventor before: Sun Chunmin Inventor before: Yang Rui |
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Free format text: CORRECT: INVENTOR; FROM: SHAO DONGGUO LIU WUYI LIU HUANHUAN WANG JIANZHANG GUO LONGGEN QIAO XIN SUNCHUNMIN YANG RUI TO: SHAO DONGGUO GUO LONGGEN LIU WUYI LIU HUANHUAN WANG JIANZHANG QIAO XIN SUN CHUNMIN YANG RUI |
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Effective date of registration: 20110328 Address after: 430072 Hubei city of Wuhan province Wuchang Luojiashan Applicant after: Wuhan University Co-applicant after: Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Address before: 430072 Hubei city of Wuhan province Wuchang Luojiashan Applicant before: Wuhan University |
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