CN111033168A - 感应传感器 - Google Patents
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Abstract
为了使感应传感器不易受外部电磁场影响,传感器线圈(3)被设计以便具有连接至其的第一绕组部分(6a)和第二绕组部分(6b),第一绕组部分(6a)和第二绕组部分(6b)被以相反的方向缠绕并且第一绕组部分(6a)连接至第一线圈端子(5a)且第二绕组部分(6b)连接至第二线圈端子(5b)。
Description
本发明涉及一种包括具有两个线圈端子的传感器线圈和连接至这两个线圈端子的传感器评估单元的感应传感器、以及这种传感器在监视缆车***的缆索的位置中的用途。
非接触式感应传感器通常被用于距离测量。在该情形中,传感器可以被设计为邻近度传感器,该邻近度传感器从距离被测量对象的传感器的一定距离起工作,或者距离所述对象的距离也可以由所述传感器输出为一个值。这种传感器通常被用来监视机器和***中的特定功能性。
感应传感器使用线圈来生成电磁场,该电磁场受被测量对象的影响。该影响可以使用测量技术来记录和评估。一个示例性实施例是被设计为涡电流传感器的感应传感器。在该情形中,振荡器生成从传感器的活跃表面发出的电磁交变场。活跃表面附近的每个导电对象中的涡电流取决于对象距离活跃表面的距离而被感应出,该涡电流从振荡器汲取能量且可被检测为线圈输入处的功率损耗。
感应传感器的一种特定应用是监视缆车***的循环牵引缆索的位置。牵引缆索经由辊轮组(roller battery)的辊轮沿缆车支架上的路线被引导。牵引缆索相对于辊轮组的辊轮的位置可以使用感应传感器来监视。在这么做时,既可标识牵引缆索的侧向偏斜(其可指示例如牵引缆索从辊轮弹出),又可标识距离辊轮的旋转轴的不足的距离(其可指示例如当辊轮被卡住时牵引缆索正侵入辊轮的行进表面)。监视缆索的位置是缆车***的重要安全功能,并且可导致运输速度中的降低或导致缆车被迫关闭。当监视缆索的位置时,牵引缆索(其被设计为钢缆)被用作待测量对象,并且传感器被布置以便在牵引缆索的区域中是静止的。该应用需要感应传感器的高灵敏度,以便能够以足够的准确度检测缆索的位置。
这种感应传感器的缺点在于,传感器附近的每个外部(电)磁交变场在传感器的线圈中感应出电压。当然,从外部施加的这种过电压也干扰测量。除此之外,传感器当然还必须具有足够的过电压电阻。传感器附近的无线电波将仅感应低电压,并将主要对测量产生负面影响且降低测量的灵敏度。然而,如果雷电击中缆车的牵引缆索,则这会在牵引缆索中创建电流,由此在牵引缆索周围生成强磁场。这种雷电电流可导致非常高的电压注入传感器的线圈中。研究表明,在典型的雷电电流的情况下,几千伏的感生电压可能在线圈的出口处出现。这些高电压可损坏线圈和/或损坏后续的传感器电子设备。
当然,可以在传感器中实现电子雷电保护或防过电压保护,但这反过来干扰了测量电路并因而限制了传感器的灵敏度。
因此,本发明解决的问题是提供一种不易受外部电磁场影响的感应传感器。
该问题通过以下来解决:传感器线圈被设计以便具有连接至其的第一绕组部分和第二绕组部分,第一绕组部分和第二绕组部分被以相反的方向缠绕并且第一绕组部分连接至第一线圈端子且第二绕组部分连接至第二线圈端子。借助于以相反的方向缠绕,在绕组部分中感生的电压至少部分地彼此补偿,且因此仅低的过电压或无过电压可能在线圈端子处出现。这不干扰或仅轻微干扰测量,使得测量的高灵敏度可被达成。同样,不需要针对防止由外部电磁场引起的过电压的过电压保护的进一步措施,这些进一步措施可能干扰测量电路。这意味着还可以保护传感器免受非常高的外部电磁场(诸如举例而言,可在雷电电流通过导体的情况下发生)的影响。因此,这种传感器尤其适合于户外应用。因此,对这种传感器而言尤其有利的应用是在缆车***中的用途,例如用于监视牵引缆索的位置。
在一个简单的实施例中,传感器线圈被以八字形连续地缠绕。这种传感器线圈尤其容易制造。
以下传感器线圈是尤其有利的:该传感器线圈包括第一单线圈作为第一绕组部分,该第一单线圈与作为第二绕组部分的第二单线圈串联连接。借助于该实施例,传感器线圈的各个个体绕组之间的高微分电压可被避免,这降低了电压击穿的风险。
如果第一单线圈和第二单线圈被螺旋地缠绕,则尤其平坦的传感器线圈可被创建,这对于在传感器中使用而言是有利的。
在下文中,将参考图1至5更详细地解释本发明,图1至5以示意性和非限制性的方式示出了本发明的示例性有利实施例。在附图中:
图1示出了非接触式感应传感器的工作原理;
图2示出了根据本发明的传感器线圈的第一实施例;
图3示出了根据本发明的传感器线圈的进一步的实施例;
图4示出了根据本发明的传感器线圈的进一步的实施例;以及
图5示出了根据本发明的传感器线圈在监视缆车***中的缆索的位置中的用途。
用于距离测量的感应传感器的原理如图1所示。传感器线圈3生成电磁场,该电磁场与导电对象4相互作用。该相互作用可以通过传感器评估单元2在传感器线圈3的出口5处被检测和评估,例如经由线圈电压u和/或线圈电流i。在作为涡电流传感器的一个实施例中,传感器评估单元2中的振荡器生成高频交变电压,该高频交变电压被施加到传感器线圈3并生成高频交变场。该高频交变场在传感器1的影响区域中的对象4中生成涡电流,该电流从电磁交变场汲取能量,由此降低了振荡器电压的振荡幅度的高度。振荡幅度中的这种改变由传感器评估单元2来评估。如果被实施为邻近度开关,则传感器1供应高电平或低电平作为输出信号A,或者输出信号A表示在传感器线圈3与对象4之间的距离的测量。在后一种情形中,输出信号A可以是模拟的(例如电压),或者是数字的。
然而,感应传感器1操作起来所根据的原理或传感器评估单元2如何被设计或其如何被评估或输出信号A被输出的方式与本发明无关。
本发明基于传感器线圈3的特定实施例。根据本发明,传感器线圈3被设计以便具有连接至其的第一绕组部分6a和第二绕组部分6b,该第一绕组部分6a和第二绕组部分6b被以相反的方向缠绕。第一线圈端子5a被连接至第一绕组部分6a,而第二线圈端子5b则被连接至第二绕组部分6b。作为在相反方向上缠绕这两个绕组部分6a、6b的结果,外部电磁场在这两个绕组部分6a、6b中感应出相反的电压,这些电压至少部分地彼此补偿。以这种方式,显著较低的过电压通过线圈端子5a、5b处的外部电磁场来被产生。如果这两个绕组部分6a、6b除了缠绕方向之外都是等同的,则在其中感应的电压基本上彼此抵消,并且在线圈端子5a、5b处不存在或仅存在极低的过电压。这至少适用于均匀的外部电磁场,但可通常被假定用于典型应用。然而,即使在非均匀的外部场的情形中,两个感应出的电压将在很大程度上彼此补偿。
传感器线圈3可以被连续地缠绕或者也可以包括两个串联连接的单线圈。
在根据图2的第一实施例中,传感器线圈3被以八字形连续地缠绕。为了简单起见,在图2中示出了每绕组部分6a、6b仅两个绕组,但是传感器线圈3当然也可以具有更多的绕组。作为八字形成形的绕组的结果,这两个所得到的绕组部分6a、6b具有相反的缠绕方向。
类似的结果通过以下来获得:首先缠绕线圈,在一点处压缩所缠绕的线圈,并接着相对于所得到的绕组部分之一6b将另一绕组部分6a旋转180°。这同样产生了连续缠绕的八字形成形的传感器线圈3,其具有在相反方向上缠绕的两个绕组部分6a、6b。
当以相反方向缠绕的两个单线圈7a、7b被串联连接时,产生了进一步的实施例。在该情形中,这两个单线圈7a、7b各自在传感器线圈3中形成绕组部分6a、6b,如图3所示。
在一个尤其有利的实施例中,形成绕组部分6a、6b的两个单线圈7a、7b被螺旋地缠绕,如图4所示。在该情形中,绕组部分6a、6b的绕组被优选地布置在一个平面内。在该情形中,绕组部分6a、6b可以被缠绕为单层螺旋或者也可以被缠绕为多层螺旋。在一个实施例中,传感器线圈3尤其可以是平坦的。
与连续缠绕的传感器线圈3相比,包括串联连接的单线圈7a、7b的实施例的优点在于,在传感器线圈3的毗邻绕组之间的电压差总是小的,且因此不会发生将损坏传感器线圈3的非期望的电压击穿。在八字形成形的实施例的情形中,在各个个体绕组之间,尤其是在各个个体绕组的交叉点的区域中可能存在大的电压差,出于该原因,电压击穿的风险在该情形中较高,且因此必须根据情况采取更高的绝缘措施。
为了避免由绕组部分6a、6b生成的电磁激励场并不完全或部分地彼此抵消,这两个绕组部分6a、6b被布置成在一个平面内彼此相邻(如图所示),并且不是一前一后。该平面也被称为传感器1的活跃表面8(图1),电磁场从该表面发出。在该情形中,对象4被布置成与传感器1的活跃表面8相对,以便达到电磁场的影响区域。
传感器1也可被用在对安全性攸关的应用中,且因此传感器1也可以被设计成满足功能安全性要求(例如,符合IEC 61508的安全性要求等级)。例如,传感器1可以被设计为以便具有两通道传感器评估单元2,还可以在各通道上提供相互检查。当然,还可以想到针对达成功能安全性的其他或附加的已知措施。
根据本发明的感应传感器1的一个有利应用是监视缆车***10的缆索的位置,如图5所示。在图5中尽可能必要且仅部分示出缆车***10,因为在各种实施例中的缆车***的基本结构是众所周知的。在该情形中,传感器1被布置成例如以便在缆车支架上的包括数个缆索辊轮12的辊轮组11的区域中是静止的,且以便与牵引缆索13处于非接触式操作连接。当然,传感器1还可以被布置在缆车***10中的任何其他点处,以便监视牵引缆索13的位置。在该情形中,“处于操作连接”当然意味着作为对象4的牵引缆索13充分地影响传感器1的传感器线圈3的电磁场,以使得牵引缆索13相对于传感器1的位置中的改变可以由传感器评估单元2来检测和评估。为此,牵引缆索13被布置成与传感器1的活跃表面8相对。来自传感器1的输出信号A被传送至缆车控制单元20,并在所述单元中用于控制缆车***10。该传输当然可以是有线或无线的。例如,取决于输出信号A,牵引缆索13的运输速度可被改变,或者缆车***10可被停止。
Claims (6)
1.一种感应传感器,包括具有两个线圈端子(5a、5b)的传感器线圈(3)和连接至所述两个线圈端子(5a、5b)的传感器评估单元(2),其特征在于,所述传感器线圈(3)被设计以便具有连接至其的第一绕组部分(6a)和第二绕组部分(6b),所述第一绕组部分(6a)和所述第二绕组部分(6b)被以相反的方向缠绕并且所述第一绕组部分(6a)连接至第一线圈端子(5a)且所述第二绕组部分(6b)连接至第二线圈端子(5b)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的感应传感器,其特征在于,所述传感器线圈(3)被以八字形连续地缠绕。
3.根据权利要求1所述的感应传感器,其特征在于,作为所述第一绕组部分(6a)的第一单线圈(7a)与作为所述第二绕组部分(6b)的第二单线圈(7b)串联连接。
4.根据权利要求3所述的感应传感器,其特征在于,所述第一单线圈(7a)和所述第二单线圈(7b)被螺旋地缠绕。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的感应传感器,其特征在于,所述两个绕组部分(6a、6b)被布置成在一个平面内彼此相邻。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的感应传感器(1)在监视缆车***(10)的牵引缆索(13)的位置中的用途,其中所述感应传感器(1)被布置以便为静止的且以便可操作地连接至所述缆车***(10)上的所述牵引缆索(13)。
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AT522584B1 (de) | 2019-05-28 | 2020-12-15 | Innova Patent Gmbh | Verfahren zum Erfassen eines Verschleißes einer Seilrolle einer Seilbahnanlage |
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- 2018-08-23 JP JP2020507111A patent/JP2020530565A/ja active Pending
- 2018-08-23 EP EP18773075.9A patent/EP3673231B1/de active Active
- 2018-08-23 ES ES18773075T patent/ES2883635T3/es active Active
- 2018-08-23 CN CN201880054918.0A patent/CN111033168A/zh active Pending
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AU2018321148A1 (en) | 2020-03-12 |
AU2018321148B2 (en) | 2020-09-24 |
PL3673231T3 (pl) | 2022-01-03 |
CA3073473A1 (en) | 2019-02-28 |
RU2735380C1 (ru) | 2020-10-30 |
JP2020530565A (ja) | 2020-10-22 |
EP3673231B1 (de) | 2021-05-26 |
CA3073473C (en) | 2022-01-04 |
EP3673231A1 (de) | 2020-07-01 |
KR20200033953A (ko) | 2020-03-30 |
ES2883635T3 (es) | 2021-12-09 |
WO2019038397A1 (de) | 2019-02-28 |
US20200189622A1 (en) | 2020-06-18 |
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