CN111030081A - Solar energy collection composite micro-energy system and super capacitor charging control method - Google Patents
Solar energy collection composite micro-energy system and super capacitor charging control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111030081A CN111030081A CN201911401249.2A CN201911401249A CN111030081A CN 111030081 A CN111030081 A CN 111030081A CN 201911401249 A CN201911401249 A CN 201911401249A CN 111030081 A CN111030081 A CN 111030081A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
- H02J1/10—Parallel operation of dc sources
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/18—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for batteries; for accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
- H02J1/14—Balancing the load in a network
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/0031—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using battery or load disconnect circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a solar energy collection composite micro-energy system and a super capacitor charging control method, belonging to the technical field of new energy compounding, wherein the composite micro-energy system consists of a solar battery, a solar energy collection circuit, a battery protection circuit, a lithium battery, a super capacitor charger, a super capacitor, an output regulating circuit and a controller; the solar energy collection composite micro-energy system comprises a solar energy battery, a solar energy collection circuit, a battery protection circuit, a lithium battery and a controller, wherein the solar energy battery, the solar energy collection circuit, the battery protection circuit, the lithium battery and the controller are connected in series to form a loop; the super capacitor of the system is powered by the wireless sensing node through the output regulating circuit. The system adopts the lithium battery and the super capacitor to store energy in a composite mode, and can simultaneously realize larger energy storage capacity and higher power output. The wireless sensing node can be powered for a long time. And the lithium battery can adapt to different load conditions, so that the capacity of the lithium battery is slowly attenuated, and the service life is long.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of new energy compounding, and particularly relates to a solar energy collection compound micro-energy system and a super capacitor charging control method.
Background
With the development of electronic technology and internet of things technology, the application of wireless sensor network technology in reality is more and more common. It is estimated that there will be more than one billion internet of things nodes and devices worldwide in 2020. The wireless sensing network nodes occupy most of the nodes of the Internet of things. The wireless sensing network node has sensing, processing and communication functions, needs to consume a large amount of electric energy, and has an important bottleneck for limiting the technical development of the wireless sensing node.
The traditional power supply method of the wireless sensing node adopts a disposable battery. However, because the volume of the node is limited, the disposable battery is adopted for power supply, and electric energy cannot be provided for the node for a long time. Due to the fact that the number of the nodes is large and the nodes are distributed in positions which are difficult to reach by human beings, manual replacement of batteries for the nodes is not practical. Therefore, in recent years, new approaches have emerged to power wireless sensing nodes with ambient energy harvesting techniques. The solar energy is an important solution to the problem of power supply of the wireless sensing node due to large energy density, wide distribution and mature technology.
Because solar energy collection is influenced by weather factors, the energy source is unstable, and in order to ensure continuous and reliable work of the node, the energy storage device is required to store redundant energy when solar energy is sufficient, and the energy is supplied to the node under the condition of insufficient solar energy. The commonly used energy storage devices mainly include energy storage devices represented by chemical batteries such as lithium batteries, and power storage devices represented by super capacitors. The devices such as lithium batteries have the characteristics of high energy density, low power density and rapid capacity attenuation during high-power discharge. The super capacitor has high power density and long service life, but has low energy density and little energy which can be stored in unit volume.
Most of the existing environment energy collection wireless sensor network nodes only use one energy storage device, so that the energy storage capacity or power output capacity of the system is insufficient. Patent CN 101894988A discloses a MEMS composite micro-energy system power supply, which uses solar cell and micro fuel cell as energy source, but only uses super capacitor as a rechargeable energy storage device, and when the micro fuel cell is exhausted, the energy storage density of the system is very limited. Patent CN 103096437B discloses an thing networking micro energy is derived from gathering MEMS sensing prestore system, can collect solar energy and environmental vibration energy, but it has only used film lithium ion battery as energy storage device, and power output ability is lower, can make the life-span rapid decay of lithium cell when undertaking great power output.
In order to enable a system to have high energy storage density and power output capacity, a composite energy storage mode of a lithium battery and a capacitor is adopted by some wireless sensor network nodes. However, there are few studies and schemes for how the lithium battery and the capacitor are connected in the system and how to manage the energy distribution of the lithium battery and the capacitor. The configuration of the lithium battery and the super capacitor and the energy distribution method determine the effectiveness of the composite energy storage, and further determine the service life of the lithium battery and the service life of a system.
Patent CN 108418252a discloses a hybrid energy collecting device and an operation method for a wireless sensor, which collects solar energy and wind energy and stores the collected solar energy and wind energy in an energy storage capacitor and a lithium battery, but the connection mode between the energy storage capacitor and the lithium battery and an energy distribution method are not described in detail in the scheme. Patent CN 109617210a discloses a composite micro-energy system suitable for small loads and an energy management method thereof, which uses super capacitors and lithium batteries to store energy, but the energy management method has higher hardware implementation cost.
How to design the configuration mode of the super capacitor and the lithium battery in the composite micro energy system and the energy distribution method has important significance for playing the advantages of different energy storage devices, preventing the over-fast capacity loss of the lithium battery and further prolonging the service life of the system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a solar energy collection composite micro-energy system and a super capacitor charging control method, and is characterized in that the solar energy collection composite micro-energy system consists of a solar battery, a solar energy collection circuit, a battery protection circuit, a lithium battery, a super capacitor charger, a super capacitor, an output regulating circuit and a controller; the solar energy collection composite micro-energy system comprises a solar energy battery, a solar energy collection circuit, a battery protection circuit, a lithium battery and a controller, wherein the solar energy battery, the solar energy collection circuit, the battery protection circuit, the lithium battery and the controller are connected in series to form a loop; the super capacitor of the system is powered by the wireless sensing node through the output regulating circuit.
The solar cell adopts a silicon-based solar cell or a gallium arsenide solar cell; the lithium battery is a rechargeable lithium ion battery.
The solar energy collecting circuit adopts an ADP5090 boost regulator to act, the output voltage of the solar battery is converted into the voltage of the lithium battery, the lithium battery is charged, and meanwhile, the energy can be supplied to the super capacitor charger.
The battery protection circuit is connected between the solar energy collecting circuit and the lithium battery, can carry out current-limiting protection on the charging and discharging of the lithium battery, and prevents the loss of the lithium battery caused by overlarge charging and discharging current.
The super capacitor charger is served by an LTC3335 buck-boost adjusting chip; converting the output voltage of the solar energy collecting circuit into super capacitor voltage to charge the super capacitor; the super capacitor charger adopts an H-bridge type synchronous buck-boost converter structure. The super capacitor charger can set the charging power and the super capacitor charging voltage.
The super capacitor is a double electric layer capacitor and supplies energy to the output regulating circuit.
The output regulating circuit is a direct current voltage stabilizing circuit and converts the voltage of the super capacitor into stable power supply voltage of the wireless sensing node.
The controller adopts STM32L011F3U6, is an ultra-low power consumption 32-bit micro control unit, can sense the current system state, and sets the charging current and the charging voltage of the super capacitor charger according to the current system state; the average power consumption of the load can be calculated through the voltage of the lithium battery and the LTC3335 electric quantity statistic value. Based on this information, the mcu controls the charging of the supercapacitor in conjunction with LTC3335 to manage the energy flow through the system.
The method for realizing the super capacitor charging control by the solar energy collection composite micro-energy system comprises the following specific steps:
1) judging the current solar energy collecting power according to the output voltage of the solar cell;
2) setting charging voltage V of super capacitor according to current solar energy collection powerset；
3) Calculating the average power consumption P of the load over a period of timeav；
4) Setting the charging peak current of the super capacitor charger according to the average power consumption of the load to enable the charging power not to be lower than kPav(k≥1)；
5) Judging whether the voltage of the super capacitor reaches the set charging voltage VsetIf yes, go to step 6), otherwise go to step 7);
6) stopping charging the super capacitor, and returning to the step 1);
7) and (5) charging the super capacitor by using the set charging peak current, and returning to the step 1).
The invention has the beneficial effect that the super capacitor and the lithium battery are adopted for composite energy storage, so that the system has higher energy density and power density at the same time. The composition configuration of the system is optimally designed, so that the lithium battery does not directly bear load power, and a corresponding energy control method is provided, so that the rapid capacity loss of the lithium battery is avoided, and the service life of the system is prolonged. Compared with the prior art, the solar energy collection composite micro-energy system has the following advantages:
(1) the solar battery is used for collecting environmental energy and storing the environmental energy in the lithium battery and the super capacitor, so that the system has strong energy storage capacity and power output capacity at the same time, and the system can stably supply energy for a long time for loads such as wireless sensor network nodes with high instantaneous power;
(2) by adopting a special system configuration, the load power consumption is provided by the super capacitor, the lithium battery does not directly provide the load power consumption, the lithium battery is protected in a limited way, the capacity loss of the lithium battery is delayed, and the service life of the system is prolonged.
(3) The self-adaptive adjustment super capacitor charging control algorithm is adopted, so that the self-adaptive adjustment super capacitor charging control algorithm can adapt to loads of different sizes and scenes that the loads change all the time, and the capacity loss of the lithium battery is reduced as much as possible while normal power supply is ensured.
(4) The invention has simple structure, easy control method implementation, low system power consumption and easy popularization and application.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a solar energy collection composite micro-energy system.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a super capacitor charging control method of the solar energy collection composite micro-energy system.
Fig. 3 is a circuit diagram of a solar energy collecting unit provided by the embodiment.
Fig. 4 is a circuit diagram of a super capacitor charging circuit according to an embodiment.
Fig. 5 is a circuit diagram of an output regulator according to an embodiment.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a solar energy collection composite micro-energy system and a method for realizing super capacitor charging control, and the invention is further detailed below according to embodiments and drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the solar energy collection composite micro-energy system is composed of a solar battery, a solar energy collection circuit, a battery protection circuit, a lithium battery, a super capacitor charger, a super capacitor, an output regulation circuit and a controller; the solar energy collection composite micro-energy system comprises a solar energy battery, a solar energy collection circuit, a battery protection circuit, a lithium battery and a controller, wherein the solar energy battery, the solar energy collection circuit, the battery protection circuit, the lithium battery and the controller are connected in series to form a loop; the super capacitor of the system is powered by the wireless sensing node through the output regulating circuit.
The solar cell in the embodiment can be a monocrystalline silicon solar cell, a polycrystalline silicon solar cell and a high-efficiency gallium arsenide solar cell.
The solar energy collecting circuit can realize the maximum power tracking of the solar battery and uses an open-circuit voltage proportionality coefficient method. The collecting circuit converts the output voltage of the solar battery into the voltage of the lithium battery. The output of the solar energy collecting circuit is connected with the lithium battery and the super capacitor charger. When the solar power is sufficient, the solar energy collecting circuit charges the super capacitor through the super capacitor charger, and the redundant power charges the lithium battery; when the solar power is insufficient, all the collected power is output to the super capacitor charger, and meanwhile, the lithium battery supplements the energy needed by the super capacitor charger. The solar energy collecting unit also has a battery charging and discharging voltage limiting function, and when the battery voltage exceeds the set maximum charging voltage, the charging of the lithium battery is stopped. And when the voltage of the battery is lower than the set minimum discharge voltage, stopping discharging outwards, and charging the lithium battery by all the collected power.
The solar energy collection circuit in this embodiment is shown in fig. 3. An ADP5090 boost regulator was employed. The regulator integrates a maximum power tracking method based on an open-circuit voltage proportionality coefficient method, and can convert the voltage of a solar battery into the charging voltage of a lithium battery. In this embodiment, the maximum power tracking voltage (V) of the solar cellMPPT) And open circuit voltage (V)OC) The ratio of (c) can be set by the resistance R111 and the resistance R112 as follows:
the boost regulator also has a battery management function that monitors the voltage of the battery to prevent the battery from overcharging and discharging. The overcharge and overdischarge protection voltages set in this embodiment may be set by resistors R118 and R119 and R114 and R115, respectively, and have the following relationship:
wherein, Vmax、VminFor charging and discharging protection voltages, V, respectively, for lithium batteriesREFIs a chip internal reference voltage, typically 1.21V; when the voltage of the lithium battery exceeds the charging protection voltage, the boost regulator is disabled, and the lithium battery is stopped from being charged. When the voltage of the lithium battery is smaller than the discharge protection voltage, the external discharge is stopped, and all the collected power is used for charging the lithium battery. Under other normal working conditions, the lithium battery is connected with the output pin VOUT through the switch in the chip.
The battery protection circuit in this embodiment is connected between the BAT pin of solar energy collecting circuit and the lithium cell, can carry out current-limiting protection to the charge-discharge of lithium cell, prevents that too big charge-discharge current from causing the battery loss.
The lithium battery in the embodiment is a flexible package polymer lithium ion battery, has a nominal voltage of 3.7V and a cycle life of more than 500 times, and can be replaced by other rechargeable batteries.
As shown in fig. 4, the super capacitor charging circuit in this embodiment adopts an LTC3335 buck-boost regulator chip. The regulating chip can set the output voltage V through the pins OUT0, OUT1 and OUT2setThe selectable voltage range is: 1.8V, 2.5V, 2.8V, 3V, 3.3V, 3.6V, 4.5V and 5V, the chip can also set the peak input current I through pins IPK0, IPK1 and IPK2peakThe optional ranges are: 5mA, 10mA, 15mA, 25mA, 50mA, 100mA, 150mA, 250mA. chip internal H bridge type buck-boost topological structure is adopted, will be with power PchAnd charging the super capacitor until the voltage of the super capacitor reaches the set voltage. PchThe calculation method of (c) is as follows:
the LTC3335 also incorporates a coulomb counter for counting the amount of power input and stores it in an internal register accessible via the I2C interface.
The super capacitor in the embodiment is a double-layer capacitor, has the characteristics of small volume, high capacity, low internal resistance and high power, has the working voltage of 5.5V and the cycle life of 50 ten thousand times, and can be replaced by a super capacitor or a super capacitor module with similar characteristics.
As shown in fig. 5, the output regulating circuit in this embodiment adopts a TPS62808 buck converter, the output voltage of which is adjustable in the range of 1.8V to 3.3V, and in this embodiment, 3.3V is set, and the TPS62808 has a quiescent current as low as 2.3 μ a, and has very high conversion efficiency and a small volume.
The controller in this embodiment adopts STM32L011F3U6, which is an ultra-low power consumption 32-bit Micro Control Unit (MCU). The multichannel 12-bit ADC can collect the voltage of the solar battery and the voltage of the lithium battery, and an input electric quantity statistic value of the LTC3335 is obtained through an I2C interface. The external illumination intensity can be judged through the voltage of the solar cell, and the average power consumption of the load can be calculated through the voltage of the lithium battery and the LTC3335 electric quantity statistic value. Based on this information, the mcu controls the charging of the supercapacitor in conjunction with LTC3335 to manage the energy flow through the system.
In this embodiment, the specific steps of the charging control of the super capacitor shown in fig. 2 are as follows:
1) judging the current illumination intensity (no light, weak light and strong light) according to the output voltage of the solar cell;
2) setting the charging voltage V of the super capacitor according to the current illumination intensity (no light, weak light and strong light)set(3.6V、4.5V、5V)；
3) Calculating the average power consumption P of the load in the past period according to the voltage of the lithium battery and the LTC3335 statistical electric quantity valueav；
4) Setting the charging peak current of the supercapacitor charger such that the charging power PchNot less than kPav(k is a constant not less than 1, set to 2 in this example);
5) judging whether the voltage of the super capacitor reaches the set charging voltage VsetIf yes, go to step 6), otherwise go to step 7);
6) stopping charging the super capacitor, and returning to the step 1;
7) and (5) charging the super capacitor by using the set charging peak current, and returning to the step 1.
The solar energy collection composite micro-energy system provided by the invention can collect solar energy in real time and store the solar energy in the lithium battery, the super capacitor is charged through the lithium battery or the solar energy collector, the charging process of the super capacitor is controlled through the controller, and the super capacitor is connected with the output regulating circuit to provide load power consumption. It can be seen that the composite micro-energy system of the invention has high energy storage density and power output capability at the same time, and can prevent the rapid capacity loss of the lithium battery. In addition, the system can accommodate loads of different sizes as well as varying loads. The long-term stable power supply requirements of loads such as wireless sensor network nodes can be met in a small size.
Claims (9)
1. A solar energy collection composite micro-energy system is characterized by comprising a solar cell, a solar energy collection circuit, a cell protection circuit, a lithium cell, a super capacitor charger, a super capacitor, an output adjusting circuit and a controller; the solar energy collection composite micro-energy system comprises a solar energy battery, a solar energy collection circuit, a battery protection circuit, a lithium battery and a controller, wherein the solar energy battery, the solar energy collection circuit, the battery protection circuit, the lithium battery and the controller are connected in series to form a loop; the super capacitor of the system is powered by the wireless sensing node through the output regulating circuit.
2. The solar energy collection composite micro energy system according to claim 1, wherein the solar cell is a silicon-based solar cell or a gallium arsenide solar cell; the lithium battery is a rechargeable lithium ion battery.
3. The solar energy collection composite micro-energy system according to claim 1, wherein the solar energy collection circuit uses an ADP5090 boost regulator to convert the output voltage of the solar cell into the voltage of the lithium battery for charging the lithium battery and also for supplying power to the super capacitor charger.
4. The solar energy collecting composite micro-energy system according to claim 1, wherein the battery protection circuit is connected between the solar energy collecting circuit and the lithium battery, so as to perform current limiting protection on the charging and discharging of the lithium battery and prevent the loss of the lithium battery caused by excessive charging and discharging current.
5. The solar energy harvesting composite micro energy system of claim 1, wherein the super capacitor charger is served by an LTC3335 buck-boost regulation chip; converting the output voltage of the solar energy collecting circuit into super capacitor voltage to charge the super capacitor; the super capacitor charger adopts an H-bridge type synchronous buck-boost converter structure. The super capacitor charger can set the charging power and the super capacitor charging voltage.
6. The solar energy harvesting composite micro energy system according to claim 1, wherein the super capacitor is an electric double layer capacitor that powers the output conditioning circuitry.
7. The solar energy harvesting composite micro energy system according to claim 1, wherein the output regulator circuit is a dc voltage regulator circuit that converts the super capacitor voltage to a stable wireless sensing node supply voltage.
8. The solar energy collection composite micro-energy system according to claim 1, wherein the controller is an ultra-low power consumption 32-bit micro-control unit adopting STM32L011F3U6, can sense the current system state, and sets the charging current and the charging voltage of the super capacitor charger according to the current system state; the average power consumption of the load can be calculated through the voltage of the lithium battery and the LTC3335 electric quantity statistic value. Based on this information, the mcu controls the charging of the supercapacitor in conjunction with LTC3335 to manage the energy flow through the system.
9. The method for realizing super capacitor charging control by the solar energy collection composite micro-energy system according to claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
1) judging the current solar energy collecting power according to the output voltage of the solar cell;
2) setting charging voltage V of super capacitor according to current solar energy collection powerset；
3) Calculating the average power consumption P of the load over a period of timeav；
4) Setting the charging peak current of the super capacitor charger according to the average power consumption of the load to enable the charging power not to be lower than kPav(k≥1)；
5) Judging whether the voltage of the super capacitor reaches the set charging voltage VsetIf yes, go to step 6), otherwise go to step 7);
6) stopping charging the super capacitor, and returning to the step 1);
7) and (5) charging the super capacitor by using the set charging peak current, and returning to the step 1).
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| CN111030081B (en) | 2021-08-17 |
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