CN110212627A - A kind of WSN node self-contained electric system - Google Patents
A kind of WSN node self-contained electric system Download PDFInfo
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- CN110212627A CN110212627A CN201910384026.3A CN201910384026A CN110212627A CN 110212627 A CN110212627 A CN 110212627A CN 201910384026 A CN201910384026 A CN 201910384026A CN 110212627 A CN110212627 A CN 110212627A
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000036772 blood pressure Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
- G05F1/66—Regulating electric power
- G05F1/67—Regulating electric power to the maximum power available from a generator, e.g. from solar cell
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of WSN node self-contained electric systems, belong to technical field of wireless comprising photovoltaic cell, MPPT module, energy management module, lowering and stabilizing blood pressure module, node module and control module；Wherein, MPPT module includes the first detection circuit, PWM disturbance generation circuit and decompression BUCK circuit；Energy management module includes lithium battery, super capacitor, the second detection circuit, third detection circuit, first switch circuit, second switch circuit and third switching circuit；Control module combination MPPT algorithm, and generation circuit is disturbed by PWM, maximum power tracing is carried out to photovoltaic cell；According to the detection case of the first detection circuit, the second detection circuit and third detection circuit, control first switch circuit, second switch circuit and third switching circuit are closed or disconnect control module；The present invention solves the problems, such as that solar energy utilization ratio existing for existing WSN node self-contained electric system is low, managing electric quantity function is influenced and do not had by weather.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of wireless, in particular to a kind of WSN node self-contained electric system.
Background technique
Wireless sensor network (WSN) is a kind of distributed sensor, is widely used in the routine work and life of people
In work；Traditional wireless sensor network node is usually provided with energy storage device and provides energy, but due to the capacity of energy storage device
It is limited, it needs to regularly replace energy storage device or charges for energy storage device, it is very inconvenient；Chinese patent CN103259323A is disclosed
A kind of WSN node self-contained electric system based on solar-wind energy complementation, using solar energy power generating and wind power generation principle,
Solar energy and wind energy are converted into electric energy, this design can obtain outside energy automatically, extend the power-on time of energy storage device
And the service life；But outside energy accessed by the self-contained electric system is directly used in without reasonable distribution as the progress of WSN node
Power supply, is not easy to energy management；The uncertain damage that whether can satisfy node of outside energy accessed by the self-contained electric system
Consumption demand, power supply effect are influenced more obvious by weather；In addition, the self-contained electric system is also not designed with MPPT circuit, so that
Solar energy utilization ratio is lower；Therefore, it is necessary to propose a kind of WSN node self-contained electric system to solve the above problems.
Summary of the invention
In view of the foregoing, it is necessary to a kind of WSN node self-contained electric system is provided, for solving existing WSN node confession
Solar energy utilization ratio existing for electric system is low, the problem of managing electric quantity function is influenced and do not had by weather.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is that:
A kind of WSN node self-contained electric system, comprising: photovoltaic cell, MPPT module, energy management module, lowering and stabilizing blood pressure mould
Block, node module and control module；
The MPPT module includes the first detection circuit, PWM disturbance generation circuit and decompression BUCK circuit；Described first
The output end of detection circuit and the photovoltaic cell is electrically connected；The PWM disturbance generation circuit and first detection circuit
It is electrically connected, the output end of the decompression BUCK circuit and PWM disturbance generation circuit is electrically connected；
The energy management module includes lithium battery, super capacitor, the second detection circuit, third detection circuit, first opens
Powered-down road, second switch circuit and third switching circuit；The output end of the decompression BUCK circuit passes through the first switch
Circuit and second detection circuit are electrically connected, and second detection circuit and the super capacitor are electrically connected；The drop
The output end of BUCK circuit is pressed to be electrically connected by the second switch circuit and the third detection circuit, the third detection
Circuit and the lithium battery are electrically connected；The lithium battery is electrically connected by the third switching circuit with the super capacitor
It connects；
The lowering and stabilizing blood pressure module is electrically connected with the super capacitor and the first switch circuit, the node
The output end of module and the lowering and stabilizing blood pressure module is electrically connected；
The control module is electrically connected the output end of the decompression BUCK circuit, obtains power supply；The PWM disturbance generates
It is circuit, the first switch circuit, the second switch circuit, the third switching circuit, first detection circuit, described
Second detection circuit and the third detection circuit are electrically connected with the control module；The control module passes through described
First detection circuit detects the real-time output voltage of the photovoltaic cell and output electric current, the control module pass through described in real time
Second detection circuit detects the real-time voltage of the super capacitor, and the control module detects institute by the third detection circuit
State the real-time voltage and real time charging electric current of lithium battery；The control module combination MPPT algorithm, and produced by PWM disturbance
Raw circuit carries out maximum power tracing to the photovoltaic cell；The control module is according to first detection circuit, described
The detection case of two detection circuits and the third detection circuit controls the first switch circuit, second switch electricity
Road and third switching circuit closure disconnect.
Preferably, the WSN node self-contained electric system further includes communication module, the communication module include wired serial ports and
Wireless serial, wired serial ports and the wireless serial are electrically connected with the control module, the type of the wireless serial
Number be ANT-E31-TTL-50mW.
Preferably, the communication module further includes SWD download interface, the SWD download interface and control module electricity
Property connection.
Preferably, the PWM disturbance generation circuit is half-bridge driver driving circuit, the model of half-bridge driver
IR2104。
Preferably, first detection circuit includes photovoltaic cell output voltage detecting circuit and photovoltaic cell output electric current
Detection circuit；The third detection circuit includes lithium battery voltage detection circuit and lithium battery input electric cur- rent measure circuit；It is described
Photovoltaic cell output voltage detecting circuit and the lithium battery voltage detection circuit are the bleeder circuit of resistance and capacitor composition,
And be electrically connected with the control module, the output end of the photovoltaic cell output voltage detecting circuit and photovoltaic cell electrically connects
It connects, the lithium battery voltage detection circuit and lithium battery are electrically connected；The photovoltaic cell output current detection circuit and described
Lithium battery input electric cur- rent measure circuit is current amplification circuit, and is respectively equipped with the first current sense amplifier and the second electric current
Detect amplifier；First current sense amplifier and second current sense amplifier are electrical with the control module
The output end of connection, first current sense amplifier and the photovoltaic cell is electrically connected, and second current detecting is put
Big device and the second switch circuit are electrically connected.
Preferably, the model of first current sense amplifier and second current sense amplifier is
MAX471。
Preferably, the lowering and stabilizing blood pressure module includes the voltage stabilizing chip of model AMS1117-3.3, the voltage stabilizing chip with
The super capacitor, the first switch circuit and the node module are electrically connected.
Preferably, the control module is single chip machine controlling circuit, the model STM32F103C8T6 of single-chip microcontroller.
A kind of energy management method using the WSN node self-contained electric system, comprising:
When real-time output electric current >=first threshold of photovoltaic cell, and when real-time voltage >=second threshold of lithium battery, institute
It states control module and controls the first switch closing of circuit, second switch circuit disconnection, third switching circuit disconnection；
When real-time output electric current >=first threshold of photovoltaic cell, and when the real-time voltage < second threshold of lithium battery, institute
It states control module and controls the first switch closing of circuit, the second switch closing of circuit, third switching circuit disconnection；
When the real-time output electric current < first threshold of third threshold value≤photovoltaic cell, and real-time voltage >=the of super capacitor
When four threshold values, the control module controls the first switch closing of circuit, the second switch circuit disconnects, the third is opened
Powered-down road disconnects；
When the real-time output electric current < first threshold of third threshold value≤photovoltaic cell, the real-time voltage < the 4th of super capacitor
Threshold value, and when real-time voltage >=second threshold of lithium battery, the control module control the first switch closing of circuit, described
Second switch circuit disconnects, the third switching circuit is closed；
When the real-time output electric current < third threshold value of photovoltaic cell, and when the real-time voltage of super capacitor >=four threshold value,
The control module controls the first switch circuit disconnection, the second switch circuit disconnects, the third switching circuit is disconnected
It opens；
When real-time output electric current < third threshold value, the 4th threshold value of real-time voltage < of super capacitor of photovoltaic cell, and lithium
When real-time voltage >=second threshold of battery, the control module controls the first switch circuit disconnection, the second switch
Circuit disconnects, the third switching circuit is closed；
Wherein, the first threshold is to determine the good critical value of illumination condition, and the second threshold is to determine lithium battery
The critical value of energy storage abundance, the third threshold value are the critical value for determining that illumination condition is weaker, and the 4th threshold value is to determine to surpass
The critical value of grade capacitive energy storage abundance.
Due to the adoption of the above technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages:
It, can be according to the illumination condition and energy management mould of its local environment 1. the present invention has the function of energy management
The energy storage situation of lithium battery and super capacitor intelligently adjusts the output of electric energy in block, effectively improves the utilization rate of energy；
Meanwhile the electric energy that exports of the present invention can sufficiently meet the loss demand of node, power supply effect influenced by weather it is smaller, can
Ensure that WSN equipment is chronically at working condition；Wherein, control module of the invention is according to the first detection circuit, the second detection electricity
The detection case of road and third detection circuit to judge the energy storage situation of illumination condition, lithium battery and super capacitor, and is controlled
First switch circuit, second switch circuit and third switching circuit closure processed disconnect, to realize the function of energy management；
In addition, the MPPT module that the present invention is arranged can effectively improve the utilization rate of solar energy, the acquisition effect of the energy is further increased
Rate has preferable environment protecting.
2. the present invention is using super capacitor as level-one energy storage device, lithium battery is as Secondary energy storage device, light
Lying prostrate battery and lithium battery can be that subsequent loading section supplies energy by super capacitor；In this way, ensureing super capacitor
Electricity reach load electricity consumption on the basis of, be reduced as far as the limited cycle charge-discharge number of lithium battery, effectively mention
The high service life of lithium battery.
3. the present invention also has many advantages, such as structure is simple, easy to use, low manufacture cost and power-on time are long, can
It is widely applied to WSN power supply technique field, brings great convenience, be worthy to be popularized for the work and life of people.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of system block diagram of WSN node self-contained electric system provided by the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the circuit diagram of MPPT module provided by the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the circuit diagram of energy management module provided by the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the circuit diagram of control module provided by the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the circuit diagram of lowering and stabilizing blood pressure module provided by the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the circuit diagram of node module provided by the embodiment of the present invention
Fig. 7 is wired serial ports of communication module provided by the embodiment of the present invention and the circuit diagram of wireless serial；
Fig. 8 is the circuit diagram of the SWD download interface of communication module provided by the embodiment of the present invention；
It is strong that Fig. 9 is that a kind of WSN node self-contained electric system provided by the embodiment of the present invention is in solar irradiation, and lithium battery
Electrical schematic in energy storage abundance situation；
It is strong that Figure 10 is that a kind of WSN node self-contained electric system provided by the embodiment of the present invention is in solar irradiation, and lithium electricity
Electrical schematic in pond energy storage deficiency situation；
It is weak and super that Figure 11 is that a kind of WSN node self-contained electric system provided by the embodiment of the present invention is in solar irradiation
Electrical schematic in capacitive energy storage abundance situation；
Figure 12 is that a kind of WSN node self-contained electric system provided by the embodiment of the present invention is in that solar irradiation is weak, super electricity
It is insufficient to hold energy storage, and the electrical schematic in lithium battery energy storage battery abundance situation；
Figure 13 is that a kind of WSN node self-contained electric system provided by the embodiment of the present invention is in no light, and super capacitor
Electrical schematic in energy storage abundance situation；
Figure 14 is that a kind of WSN node self-contained electric system provided by the embodiment of the present invention is in no light, super capacitor storage
Can be insufficient, and the electrical schematic in lithium battery energy storage battery abundance situation；
Main element symbol description is as follows in figure:
In attached drawing, 1- photovoltaic cell, 2-MPPT module, the first detection circuit of 21-, 22-PWM disturbance generation circuit, 23- drop
Press BUCK circuit, 3- energy management module, 31- lithium battery, 32- super capacitor, the second detection circuit of 33-, 34- third detection electricity
Road, 35- first switch circuit, 36- second switch circuit, 37- third switching circuit, 4- lowering and stabilizing blood pressure module, 5- node module,
6- control module, 7- communication module.
The present invention that the following detailed description will be further explained with reference to the above drawings.
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation description, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Attached drawing
Only for illustration, expression is only schematic diagram, rather than pictorial diagram, should not be understood as the limitation to this patent, in order to more
Illustrate a specific embodiment of the invention well, the certain components of attached drawing have omission, zoom in or out, and do not represent actual product
Size, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that in attached drawing certain known features, component and its explanation may omit be understood that
, it is based on the embodiments of the present invention, obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts
Every other embodiment, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is also necessary to which explanation is unless specifically defined or limited otherwise, term " setting ",
" connection " shall be understood in a broad sense, such as may be fixed connection or may be dismantle connection, or integral connection；It can be
Mechanical connection, is also possible to be electrically connected；It can be directly connected, two can also be can be indirectly connected through an intermediary
Connection inside element.For the ordinary skill in the art, above-mentioned term can be understood at this as the case may be
Concrete meaning in invention.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of WSN node self-contained electric system, comprising: photovoltaic cell 1, MPPT module 2, energy management module
3, lowering and stabilizing blood pressure module 4, node module 5, control module 6 and communication module 7；Wherein, control module 6 is single-chip microcontroller control electricity
Road, the model STM32F103C8T6 of single-chip microcontroller, the circuit diagram of control module 6 as shown in figure 4, single-chip microcontroller in circuit diagram
Marked as U6.
As shown in Figure 1, 2, MPPT module 2 includes the first detection circuit 21, PWM disturbance generation circuit 22 and decompression BUCK
Circuit 23, the first detection circuit 21 and the output end of photovoltaic cell 1 are electrically connected, and PWM disturbs generation circuit 22 and the first detection
Circuit 21 is electrically connected, and the output end of decompression BUCK circuit 23 and PWM disturbance generation circuit 22 is electrically connected.
Wherein, the first detection circuit 21 includes that 1 output voltage detecting circuit of photovoltaic cell and photovoltaic cell 1 export electric current inspection
Slowdown monitoring circuit；1 output voltage detecting circuit of photovoltaic cell is the bleeder circuit that resistance and capacitor form comprising R2, R3 and C2,
R2, R3 and C2 have the function of pressure stabilizing, filtering.The output end of 1 output voltage detecting circuit of photovoltaic cell and photovoltaic cell 1 is electrical
Connection.1 output current detection circuit of photovoltaic cell is current amplification circuit, and is equipped with the first current sense amplifier, the first electricity
The output end of stream detection amplifier and photovoltaic cell 1 is electrically connected.The model MAX471 of first current sense amplifier, in electricity
It is electrical marked as U1,1 output voltage detecting circuit of photovoltaic cell and the first current sense amplifier and control module 6 in the figure of road
Connection.Diode D1 is connected between photovoltaic cell 1 and U1, for preventing electric current from flowing backward the case where entering photovoltaic cell 1 generation.
The OUT pin of U1 is current output terminal, and R1 and C1 have the function of amplitude modulation and filtering.Control module 6 acquires core by PA7 pin
The output electric current of the OUT terminal mouth of piece U1 carries out output electric current measure to photovoltaic cell 1, by PA2 pin to photovoltaic cell 1
Output voltage is detected.
It is half-bridge driver driving circuit, the model IR2104 of half-bridge driver, in circuit that PWM, which disturbs generation circuit 22,
In figure marked as U3.IR2104 is semibridge system driving chip, and VS pin is the PWM waveform of final output, IR2104 chip
IN pin and SD pin as input control end, connect respectively with PB7 the and PC6 pin of control module 6, be used for adjustment circuit
The PWM of output.HO with LO two pins connect two si2302-MOS field-effect tube, drive the conducting and disconnection of Q1 and Q2.
Decompression BUCK circuit 23 is made of inductance L, capacitor C3 and sustained diode 2.
As shown in Figure 1,3, energy management module 3 includes lithium battery 31, super capacitor 32, the second detection circuit 33, third
Detection circuit 34, first switch circuit 35, second switch circuit 36 and third switching circuit 37.It is depressured the defeated of BUCK circuit 23
Outlet is electrically connected by first switch circuit 35 and the second detection circuit 33, and the second detection circuit 33 and super capacitor 32 are electrical
Connection.The output end for being depressured BUCK circuit 23 is electrically connected by second switch circuit 36 and third detection circuit 34, third inspection
Slowdown monitoring circuit 34 and lithium battery 31 are electrically connected.Lithium battery 31 is electrically connected by third switching circuit 37 and super capacitor 32.Its
In, the control terminal of first switch circuit 35 is connect with the PC9 pin of control module 6, the control terminal and control of second switch circuit 36
The PC7 pin of molding block 6 connects, and the control terminal of third switching circuit 37 is connect with the PC8 pin of control module 6.
Third detection circuit 34 includes 31 input electric cur- rent measure circuit of 31 voltage detecting circuit of lithium battery and lithium battery, lithium electricity
31 voltage detecting circuit of pond is the bleeder circuit that resistance and capacitor form, and 31 voltage detecting circuit of lithium battery includes R4, R5, C4,
R4, R5, C4 have the function of pressure stabilizing, filtering.31 voltage detecting circuit of lithium battery and control module 6 are electrically connected, lithium battery 31
Voltage detecting circuit and lithium battery 31 are electrically connected.31 input electric cur- rent measure circuit of lithium battery is current amplification circuit, and is equipped with
Second current sense amplifier, the second current sense amplifier and control module 6 are electrically connected, the second current sense amplifier with
Second switch circuit 36 is electrically connected.The model MAX471 of second current sense amplifier, the code name in circuit diagram are U2.
The output end of U2 is connect with the pin PA4 of control module 6, output end and the control module 6 of 31 voltage detecting circuit of lithium battery
Pin PA3 connection.
As shown in Fig. 1,5,6, lowering and stabilizing blood pressure module 4 is electrically connected with super capacitor 32 and first switch circuit 35,
Node module 5 and the output end of lowering and stabilizing blood pressure module 4 are electrically connected.Wherein, lowering and stabilizing blood pressure module 4 includes model AMS1117-
3.3 voltage stabilizing chip, in circuit diagram marked as U5, voltage stabilizing chip and super capacitor 32, first switch circuit 35 and section
Point module 5 is electrically connected.
As shown in Fig. 1,7,8, WSN node self-contained electric system further includes communication module 7, and communication module 7 includes wired serial ports
And wireless serial, wired serial ports and wireless serial are electrically connected with control module 6, the model ANT-E31- of wireless serial
TTL-50mW.Communication module 7 further includes SWD download interface, and SWD download interface and control module 6 are electrically connected.Communication module 7
Setting, carry out data communication convenient for WSN node self-contained electric system and terminal, obtain monitoring data convenient for user.
Control module 6 is electrically connected the output end of decompression BUCK circuit 23, obtains power supply.PWM disturbs generation circuit 22, the
One switching circuit 35, second switch circuit 36, third switching circuit 37, the first detection circuit 21, the second detection circuit 33 and
Third detection circuit 34 is electrically connected with control module 6.Control module 6 detects photovoltaic cell 1 by the first detection circuit 21
Real-time output voltage and in real time output electric current, control module 6 by the second detection circuit 33 detect super capacitor 32 it is real-time
Voltage, control module 6 detect the real-time voltage and real time charging electric current of lithium battery 31 by third detection circuit 34.Control module
6 combine MPPT algorithm, and disturb generation circuit 22 by PWM and carry out maximum power tracing to photovoltaic cell 1.
When maximum power tracing, control module 6 measures the voltage V of 1 output end of photovoltaic cell firstNWith electric current IN；Then,
Enable electric current I when maximum power pointref=IN；Then, control U3 applies disturbing signal, changes field-effect tube duty ratio, makes to load
Input current change, generate current perturbation；Then, control module 6 monitors the output of photovoltaic cell 1 by U1 and U2 respectively
Electric current and load end input current；Finally, PWM disturbance adjusting is carried out, so that corresponding after decompression BUCK circuit 23 generate one
Load current.In this way, can be known next by the variation of the size of current of monitoring load end electric current and 1 output end of photovoltaic cell
In secondary PWM adjustment process by the way of increasing PWM mode or reduction PWM.In view of the variation of intensity of illumination is usually slow
Slow, in order to reduce since control module 6 calculates caused energy loss, with data acquisition, MPPT maximum power point tracking electricity
The general 5 minutes progress Primary regulations in road.The electric energy that PWM disturbance generation circuit 22 exports is dropped by decompression BUCK circuit 23
After pressure, pressure stabilizing and filtering, enters in energy management module 3 and realize the storage and supply of energy.
Control module 6 is according to the detection feelings of the first detection circuit 21, the second detection circuit 33 and third detection circuit 34
Condition, control first switch circuit 35, second switch circuit 36 and the closure of third switching circuit 37 or disconnection, to realize energy
Intelligent management.
It is specific as follows the present invention also provides a kind of energy management method using the WSN node self-contained electric system:
The real-time output electric current and preset first threshold and third threshold value for the photovoltaic cell 1 that control module 6 will test
It is compared, the real-time voltage of lithium battery 31 is compared with preset second threshold, by the real-time voltage of super capacitor 32
It is compared with preset 4th threshold value, to control first switch circuit 35, second switch circuit 36 and third switch electricity
The closure of road 37 disconnects.Wherein, first threshold is to determine the good critical value of illumination condition, and second threshold is to determine lithium battery
The critical value of 31 energy storage abundance, third threshold value are the critical value for determining that illumination condition is weaker, and the 4th threshold value is to determine super capacitor
The critical value of 32 energy storage abundance.
As shown in figure 9, work as real-time output electric current >=first threshold of photovoltaic cell 1, and the real-time voltage of lithium battery 31 >=
When second threshold, illustrate that illumination condition is good, and 31 energy storage of lithium battery is sufficient；At this point, control module 6 controls first switch circuit
35 closures, second switch circuit 36 disconnect, third switching circuit 37 disconnects.The situation that illumination condition is good and energy storage is sufficient is general
Continuous sunny is appeared in, Intensity of the sunlight is strong under the state, and the energy that photovoltaic cell 1 converts is sufficient, and lithium battery 31 neither connects
It is charged, is not also powered for super capacitor 32.The electric energy that photovoltaic cell 1 is converted is super capacitor 32 after MPPT module 2
Charging, the electric energy that the output end and super capacitor 32 of MPPT export are powered after lowering and stabilizing blood pressure module 4 for WSN node.
As shown in Figure 10, when real-time output electric current >=first threshold of photovoltaic cell 1, and the real-time voltage < of lithium battery 31
When second threshold, illustrate that illumination condition is good, and 31 energy storage of lithium battery is insufficient；At this point, control module 6 controls first switch circuit
35 closures, the closure of second switch circuit 36, third switching circuit 37 disconnect.Illumination condition is good, and 31 energy storage of lithium battery is insufficient
The case where be generally present in fine day after rainy weather, lithium battery 31 and super capacitor 32 are WSN section when rainy weather
Point power supply expends most of energy, so that the energy storage of lithium battery 31 and super capacitor 32 is insufficient.At this point, lithium battery 31 and super
The energy that capacitor 32 receives photovoltaic cell 1 charges, and lithium battery 31 is not powered for super capacitor 32.Photovoltaic cell 1 is converted
Electric energy after MPPT module 2, be that super capacitor 32 and lithium battery 31 charge, the output end and super capacitor 32 of MPPT exports
Electric energy after lowering and stabilizing blood pressure module 4 for WSN node power.
As shown in figure 11, when the real-time output electric current < first threshold of third threshold value≤photovoltaic cell 1, and super capacitor 32
Real-time voltage >=four threshold value when, illustrate that illumination condition is weaker, and super capacitor 32 energy storage is sufficient；At this point, control module 6 is controlled
First switch circuit 35 processed is closed, second switch circuit 36 disconnects, third switching circuit 37 disconnects.Illumination condition is weaker, and super
When grade 32 energy storage abundance of capacitor is generally present in rainy weather or sun initial rise illumination deficiency after sunny weather, this
When, since illumination condition is weaker, the electric energy that optrode battery is converted cannot stand alone as WSN node supply energy；But super electricity
Hold 32 energy storage abundance, energy can be supplied for WSN node, charged without receiving lithium battery 31.What photovoltaic cell 1 was converted
Electric energy charges after MPPT circuit for super capacitor 32, and lithium battery 31 does not supply energy, the output of MPPT to super capacitor 32
The electric energy that end is exported with super capacitor 32 is powered after lowering and stabilizing blood pressure module 4 for WSN node.
As shown in figure 12, when third threshold value≤photovoltaic cell 1 real-time output electric current < first threshold, super capacitor 32
The 4th threshold value of real-time voltage <, and when real-time voltage >=second threshold of lithium battery 31, illustrate that illumination condition is weaker, super capacitor
32 energy storage are insufficient, and 31 energy storage of lithium battery is sufficient；At this point, control module 6 controls the closure of first switch circuit 35, second switch electricity
Road 36 disconnects, third switching circuit 37 is closed；Since illumination condition is weaker, the electric energy that optrode battery is converted cannot be stood alone as
WSN node supplies energy, and 32 energy storage of super capacitor is insufficient, and 31 energy storage of lithium battery is sufficient；Therefore, photovoltaic cell 1 is converted
Electric energy charges after MPPT circuit for super capacitor 32, and lithium battery 31 charges simultaneously for super capacitor 32, the output end of MPPT
The electric energy exported with super capacitor 32 is powered after lowering and stabilizing blood pressure module 4 for WSN node.
As shown in figure 13, when the real-time output electric current < third threshold value of photovoltaic cell 1, and the real-time voltage of super capacitor 32
When the >=the four threshold value, illustrate that illumination is extremely weak or no light, and the real-time voltage energy storage of super capacitor 32 is sufficient；At this point, control
Module 6 controls the disconnection of first switch circuit 35, second switch circuit 36 disconnects, third switching circuit 37 disconnects.Illumination it is extremely weak or
Under person's non-illuminated conditions, it is impossible to meet the charging requirements of lithium battery 31 and super capacitor 32 for the electric energy that photovoltaic cell 1 is converted
With the demand of WSN node work；32 energy storage abundance of super capacitor can stand alone as the power supply of WSN node, without lithium battery 31
Energy is provided.The output electric energy of super capacitor 32 is powered after lowering and stabilizing blood pressure module 4 for WSN node.
As shown in figure 14, when the real-time output electric current < third threshold value of photovoltaic cell 1, the real-time voltage < of super capacitor 32
4th threshold value, and when real-time voltage >=second threshold of lithium battery 31, illustrate that extremely weak illumination or no light, super capacitor 32 are stored up
Can be insufficient, and 31 energy storage of lithium battery is sufficient；At this point, control module 6 controls the disconnection of first switch circuit 35, second switch circuit 36
It disconnects, third switching circuit 37 is closed；32 energy storage of super capacitor is insufficient, cannot stand alone as the power supply of WSN node, need lithium battery 31
Energy is provided；Lithium battery 31 charges to super capacitor 32, and the output electric energy of super capacitor 32 is after lowering and stabilizing blood pressure module 4
For the power supply of WSN node.
Wherein, S1, S2, S3 in Fig. 9-14 respectively correspond first switch circuit 35 in energy management module 3, second open
Powered-down road 36 and third switching circuit 37.
The present invention can according to the energy storage situation of the illumination condition and lithium battery 31 of local environment and super capacitor 32 come
Intelligence adjusts the output of electric energy, effectively improves the utilization rate of energy；Meanwhile the electric energy that the present invention exports can sufficiently meet
The loss demand of node, power supply effect are influenced smaller by weather, it can be ensured that WSN equipment is chronically at working condition；This hair
The MPPT module 2 of bright setting can effectively improve the utilization rate of solar energy, further increase the acquisition efficiency of the energy, have compared with
Good environment protecting.In addition, the present invention also has simple structure, easy to use, low manufacture cost and power-on time length etc. all
More advantages can be widely applied to WSN power supply technique field, bring great convenience for the work and life of people, be worthy to be popularized.
Above description is the detailed description for the present invention preferably possible embodiments, but embodiment is not limited to this hair
Bright patent claim, it is all the present invention suggested by technical spirit under completed same changes or modifications change, should all belong to
In the covered the scope of the patents of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of WSN node self-contained electric system characterized by comprising photovoltaic cell, MPPT module, energy management module, drop
Press Voltage stabilizing module, node module and control module；
The MPPT module includes the first detection circuit, PWM disturbance generation circuit and decompression BUCK circuit；First detection
The output end of circuit and the photovoltaic cell is electrically connected；The PWM disturbance generation circuit and first detection circuit are electrical
The output end of connection, the decompression BUCK circuit and PWM disturbance generation circuit is electrically connected；
The energy management module includes lithium battery, super capacitor, the second detection circuit, third detection circuit, first switch electricity
Road, second switch circuit and third switching circuit；The output end of the decompression BUCK circuit passes through the first switch circuit
It is electrically connected with second detection circuit, second detection circuit and the super capacitor are electrically connected；The decompression
The output end of BUCK circuit is electrically connected by the second switch circuit and the third detection circuit, the third detection electricity
Road and the lithium battery are electrically connected；The lithium battery is electrically connected by the third switching circuit and the super capacitor；
The lowering and stabilizing blood pressure module is electrically connected with the super capacitor and the first switch circuit, the node module
It is electrically connected with the output end of the lowering and stabilizing blood pressure module；
The control module is electrically connected the output end of the decompression BUCK circuit, obtains power supply；The PWM disturbance generates electricity
Road, the first switch circuit, the second switch circuit, the third switching circuit, first detection circuit, described
Two detection circuits and the third detection circuit are electrically connected with the control module；The control module passes through described the
One detection circuit detects the real-time output voltage of the photovoltaic cell and output electric current, the control module pass through described the in real time
Two detection circuits detect the real-time voltage of the super capacitor, and the control module passes through described in third detection circuit detection
The real-time voltage and real time charging electric current of lithium battery；The control module combination MPPT algorithm, and generated by PWM disturbance
Circuit carries out maximum power tracing to the photovoltaic cell；The control module is according to first detection circuit, described second
The detection case of detection circuit and the third detection circuit controls the first switch circuit, the second switch circuit
And the third switching circuit is closed or disconnects.
2. a kind of WSN node self-contained electric system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the WSN node self-powered system
System further includes communication module, and the communication module includes wired serial ports and wireless serial, wired serial ports and the wireless string
Mouth is electrically connected with the control module, the model ANT-E31-TTL-50mW of the wireless serial.
3. a kind of WSN node self-contained electric system according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the communication module further includes
SWD download interface, the SWD download interface and the control module are electrically connected.
4. a kind of WSN node self-contained electric system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the PWM disturbs generation circuit
For half-bridge driver driving circuit, the model IR2104 of half-bridge driver.
5. a kind of WSN node self-contained electric system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the first detection circuit packet
Include photovoltaic cell output voltage detecting circuit and photovoltaic cell output current detection circuit；The third detection circuit includes lithium electricity
Cell voltage detection circuit and lithium battery input electric cur- rent measure circuit；The photovoltaic cell output voltage detecting circuit and lithium electricity
Cell voltage detection circuit is the bleeder circuit of resistance and capacitor composition, and is electrically connected with the control module, the photovoltaic
The output end of cell output voltage detection circuit and photovoltaic cell is electrically connected, the lithium battery voltage detection circuit and lithium battery
It is electrically connected；The photovoltaic cell output current detection circuit and the lithium battery input electric cur- rent measure circuit are Current amplifier
Circuit, and it is respectively equipped with the first current sense amplifier and the second current sense amplifier；First current sense amplifier
With second current sense amplifier with the control module be electrically connected, first current sense amplifier with it is described
The output end of photovoltaic cell is electrically connected, and second current sense amplifier and the second switch circuit are electrically connected.
6. a kind of WSN node self-contained electric system according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: first current detecting is put
The model of big device and second current sense amplifier is MAX471.
7. a kind of WSN node self-contained electric system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the lowering and stabilizing blood pressure module packet
Include the voltage stabilizing chip of model AMS1117-3.3, the voltage stabilizing chip and the super capacitor, the first switch circuit and
The node module is electrically connected.
8. a kind of WSN node self-contained electric system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the control module is monolithic
Machine control circuit, the model STM32F103C8T6 of single-chip microcontroller.
9. a kind of energy management method using any WSN node self-contained electric system of claim 1-8, feature exist
In, comprising:
When real-time output electric current >=first threshold of photovoltaic cell, and when real-time voltage >=second threshold of lithium battery, the control
Molding block controls the first switch closing of circuit, the second switch circuit disconnects, the third switching circuit disconnects；
When real-time output electric current >=first threshold of photovoltaic cell, and when the real-time voltage < second threshold of lithium battery, the control
Molding block controls the first switch closing of circuit, the second switch closing of circuit, the third switching circuit and disconnects；
When the real-time output electric current < first threshold of third threshold value≤photovoltaic cell, and the real-time voltage of super capacitor >=the 4th threshold
When value, the control module controls the first switch closing of circuit, the second switch circuit disconnects, third switch electricity
Road disconnects；
When the real-time output electric current < first threshold of third threshold value≤photovoltaic cell, the 4th threshold of real-time voltage < of super capacitor
Value, and when real-time voltage >=second threshold of lithium battery, the control module controls the first switch closing of circuit, described the
Two switching circuits disconnect, the third switching circuit is closed；
It is described when the real-time output electric current < third threshold value of photovoltaic cell, and when the real-time voltage of super capacitor >=four threshold value
Control module controls the first switch circuit disconnection, the second switch circuit disconnects, the third switching circuit disconnects；
When real-time output electric current < third threshold value, the 4th threshold value of real-time voltage < of super capacitor of photovoltaic cell, and lithium battery
Real-time voltage >=second threshold when, the control module control the first switch circuit disconnect, the second switch circuit
It disconnects, third switching circuit closure；
Wherein, the first threshold is to determine the good critical value of illumination condition, and the second threshold is to determine lithium battery energy storage battery
Sufficient critical value, the third threshold value are the critical value for determining that illumination condition is weaker, and the 4th threshold value is to determine super electricity
Hold the critical value of energy storage abundance.
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| CN111258208A (en) * | 2020-03-08 | 2020-06-09 | 东华理工大学 | Embedded intelligent digital clock |
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