CN111017424A - Mildew-proof insect-proof preservation method for traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces - Google Patents
Mildew-proof insect-proof preservation method for traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine decoction piece preservation, and discloses a mildew-proof and insect-proof preservation method for decoction pieces, which has the advantages of simple structure and convenience for use, has longer mildew-proof and insect-proof preservation time, improves the mildew-proof and insect-proof effects, is simple and easy to operate, and has lower cost; the medicinal material classification method, the maintenance method, the drying method and the sealing method provided by the invention can be used for fully removing the water in the traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces without losing the active ingredients, so that a better drying effect is achieved, and the problem of volatilization of the active ingredients caused by high-temperature drying is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine decoction piece preservation, and particularly relates to a mildew-proof and insect-proof preservation method for traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces.
Background
The traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces are prepared from traditional Chinese medicines according to the traditional Chinese medicine theory and the traditional Chinese medicine preparation method, and can be directly used as traditional Chinese medicines in traditional Chinese medicine clinical practice. The Chinese medicinal decoction pieces include Chinese medicinal slices processed from parturient, original-shape decoction pieces, and decoction pieces prepared by cutting and processing. The traditional Chinese medicine is rich in protein, oil and polysaccharide, if the traditional Chinese medicine is not preserved properly, the sufficient moisture after moisture absorption enables eggs on the surface of the medicinal materials or in the environment to hatch and grow, fungal spores and the like to germinate rapidly, and in addition, the moth and putrefactive microorganisms grow rapidly at proper temperature and rich growth nutrient substances in the medicinal materials, so that the medicinal materials are damaged by worms and mildewed in a large area.
Moth eating: moth eating refers to the destructive action of insects invading the interior of Chinese medicinal materials. After the medicinal materials are damaged by pests, some medicinal materials form cavities and are broken, some medicinal materials are broken into powder, and some medicinal materials are polluted by the excrement of the pests, so that the destructiveness is extremely high. Seriously affecting the quality of the Chinese medicinal materials.
And (3) mildew forming: a large amount of mould spores exist in the atmosphere and are scattered on medicinal materials, which shows that the mould spores germinate into hyphae, secrete enzymes, erode the internal tissues of the medicinal materials and promote putrefaction and lose efficacy under proper temperature (about 25 ℃), humidity (the relative humidity in the air is more than 85 percent or the water content of the medicinal materials exceeds 15 percent), proper environment (such as shady and cool places without ventilation) and sufficient nutritional conditions.
Color change: all the medicinal materials have fixed colors, and are influenced by temperature, humidity and air, so that the interior of the medicinal materials is changed, and the surface color is changed.
Oil bleeding: the medicinal materials containing more oil, volatile oil, mucilage and sugar are oily, soft, sticky, fresh in color and generate 'rancid taste' at higher temperature and humidity.
Odor dissipation: the normal smell of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials can be lost due to long-term storage or improper maintenance and the occurrence of chemical reactions such as mildew, rancidity and the like in the storage process.
Therefore, the mothproofing and the mildewproofing of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials in the storage and storage processes are always key problems which need to be solved. The maintenance of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials in the invention adopts different maintenance measures according to the characteristics of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials and seasonal climate change, and adopts key maintenance for special medicinal materials, so that safe storage and scientific maintenance are realized, the quality is ensured, and the loss is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a mildew-proof and insect-proof preservation method for traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces, which aims to solve the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the mildew-proof and insect-proof preservation method of the traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: carrying out classification inspection;
(1) for the convenience of respective maintenance, the Chinese medicinal materials in the warehouse are classified into types such as easy mildew, worm damage, color change, oil bleeding, volatilization and the like according to the characteristics of the Chinese medicinal materials.
(2) Checking the medicinal materials which are easy to be damaged by worms: checking the medicinal materials which are easy to be damaged by worms: the varieties mainly comprise: rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata, radix Puerariae, rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati, radix Codonopsis, radix Angelicae sinensis, caulis Sinomenii, rhizoma anemarrhenae, fructus crataegi cuneatae, fructus Jujubae, and rhizoma Chuanxiong. The inspection may be performed periodically or aperiodically. Generally, the temperature and the humidity in summer and autumn are high, so that the growth and development of pests are facilitated, and the pest inspection is carried out once in 5 to 7 days; in winter and spring, the temperature and the humidity are low, so that the pests are not beneficial to growth, and the pest control method can be used for checking once every 10-15 days. The inspection should be performed one by one according to the stacking order. Firstly, whether the periphery, the upper surface and the bottom of the stack are provided with vermin or moth-eaten powder or not is checked, and then the unpacking inspection is carried out on the traditional Chinese medicine or the key variety of the traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces which are easy to grow vermin. In addition, the environment of the large stack of traditional Chinese medicine or traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces is firstly emphasized, and the temperature of each corner, each surface, the upper layer, the middle layer and the lower layer is different, so that the variation condition of the temperature and the humidity can be timely grasped by a spot check method, and the phenomenon of mildewing and vermin generation after moisture absorption can be prevented.
(3) Checking the easy mildew variety in a warehouse: the medicinal materials mainly comprise: spina gleditsiae, bighead atractylodes rhizome, radix puerariae, polygonum cuspidatum, codonopsis pilosula, angelica sinensis, radix paeoniae alba, radix ampelopsis, caulis sinomenii, rhizoma anemarrhenae, persimmon leaves, glabrous sarcandra herb, Wupifeng, gynostemma pentaphylla, Chinese date, fructus aurantii, hawthorn, rosa roxburghii tratt and the like. The inspection time can be determined according to seasons, the inspection is carried out once every 5-7 days in plum rain season, the inspection is carried out once every month in winter, the inspection is mainly carried out on various mildewable traditional Chinese medicines, the inspection is carried out in batches and in a classified manner, and the inspection is carried out when necessary. During inspection, the medicinal materials should be kept in the presence of moisture, softness, mildew and insect.
(4) The in-store inspection of valuable medicinal materials: the medicinal materials mainly comprise: hedgehog skin, mole cricket, hedgehog skin decoction pieces and the like. The inspection may be performed periodically or aperiodically. Generally, the temperature is high in summer and autumn, chemical reactions such as dampness, heat, mildew, rancidity and the like are easy to occur in the storage process, and the examination is carried out once in 5-7 days; the temperature and humidity in winter and spring are low, and the inspection can be carried out once every 10-15 days. During the inspection, on one hand, the change of the internal and external colors of the medicinal materials is observed, and whether oily substances overflow, dryness, adhesion and other conditions exist on the surfaces or not is observed; on the other hand, when the herb is smelled through the nose, if the herb has a harsh smell or other abnormal pungent smell, the herb can be judged to be oily.
(5) In-bank inspection of general medicinal materials: the medicinal materials mainly comprise: persimmon leaf, bristle grass, erigeron breviscapus, etc. The inspection may be performed periodically or aperiodically. During inspection, the medicinal materials should be kept in the presence of moisture, softness and mildew.
Step two: maintaining the medicinal materials;
(1) cleaning and maintaining: the storehouse should be kept in clean, dry and ventilated environment, and the medicinal material backing plate is cleaned and disinfected by the opportunity of emptying the medicinal materials. The warehouse surroundings are often cleaned.
(2) Ventilating: the air flow change inside and outside the storehouse is utilized to timely compare the temperature and humidity inside and outside the storehouse, and the door and the window are opened and the exhaust fan is opened to ventilate in a planned way. In addition, a stack turning and ventilating method is adopted in rainy seasons or when the water content of the medicinal materials is too high, so that the medicinal materials are favorably dehumidified, mildewproof and maintained. The method is suitable for most animal and plant medicinal materials, and medicinal materials containing crystal water and easy to weather are not suitable for the method.
(3) Sun drying: a method for killing pests and mould by using solar heat energy and ultraviolet rays. The sun-drying method is suitable for medicinal materials which are not afraid of color change, melting and crushing, and is generally suitable for root and stem medicinal materials. The general method comprises the following steps: selecting sunny weather, spreading the medicinal materials on a sunning ground, solarizing in the sunny weather, turning over in time to uniformly heat the medicinal materials, and killing mould and worm eggs when the temperature reaches 45-50 ℃. After the waste heat is dissipated after the sun drying, the bag can be packed for storage.
Step three: drying by baking
Spreading the Chinese medicinal materials or decoction pieces on heated brick bed or oven in drying chamber, controlling temperature at about 50 deg.C, and baking for 5-6 hr to kill pests and mold.
Step four: sealing maintenance
(1) For general medicinal materials with large amount and large volume, a whole-bin sealing method can be adopted, namely, gaps between doors and windows of a storehouse are tightly filled and sealed by using old cotton cloth, and a certain amount of moisture absorbents such as quick lime or anhydrous calcium chloride and the like are placed in a sealed bin so as to reduce the humidity of the storehouse and keep the medicinal materials dry; the medicinal materials with small amount and small volume can be sealed by small pieces, the medicinal materials are sealed by materials such as a plastic barrel, a plastic film, a convenient bag and the like, and the sealing is carried out at low temperature and low relative humidity, which is generally suitable before the rainy season. The method is suitable for maintaining and treating the medicinal materials which are not seriously affected by damp.
(2) For medicinal materials with high water content and incapable of being aired, a vacuum drying method is adopted to heat and dry the medicinal materials, and most of the medicinal materials can be used for removing water in a short time by the method to kill worm eggs. The temperature, time and operation method of drying are controlled, and the medicinal materials are dried for 2 hours at 50-70 ℃; contains sugar, volatile oil and precious and fine medicinal materials, and the temperature is controlled below 45 ℃ so as to avoid loss of effective components or unnecessary loss.
(3) Moisture in the air or moisture in the traditional Chinese medicinal materials and the traditional Chinese medicinal decoction pieces is reduced by adopting a moisture absorbent or an air dehumidifier, so that a dry environment which is not beneficial to the growth of insects and mildew is created, and the aims of removing insects and mildew are fulfilled. Commonly used moisture absorbents are: quicklime, and the like.
(4) The controlled atmosphere maintenance is carried out to place the medicinal materials in a sealed container, the oxygen concentration in the air influencing the quality change of the medicinal materials is effectively controlled, a low oxygen state is artificially caused, or a high-concentration CO2 state is artificially caused, so that new pests cannot invade and generate in the environment, the original pests are suffocated or poisoned and die, the oxygen required by the propagation of microorganisms and the self respiration of the medicinal materials is limited, and the influence of humid air on the medicinal materials is isolated, thereby ensuring the stable quality of the medicinal materials, and preventing the deterioration of the medicinal materials.
Step five: preservation of
(1) And recording the maintenance record of the medicinal materials according to the maintenance requirement of the medicinal materials. The method specifically comprises the following steps: maintenance time, product name, unit, stock, warehousing time, source (producing area), maintenance method, quality condition after maintenance, maintenance personnel and the like, and maintenance records must be filed and stored monthly.
(2) The Chinese medicinal materials should be fumigated with low toxicity and no residue chemicals (such as aluminum phosphide) twice in the middle of 5 and 8 months each year. The method comprises the following steps: the Chinese herbal medicines are intensively moved to an empty room of an idle workshop for totally-enclosed fumigation. The fumigation time is 6-7 days and nights. The door and window are sealed by using an adhesive tape during fumigation, an operator puts a proper amount of aluminum phosphide into a plastic basin (the dosage is 2-3 grains per cubic meter and is about 3.3g per grain) under the supervision of a quality assurance department inspector, places the aluminum phosphide at each part in a warehouse (the distance is uniform), and then seals the door. When using aluminum phosphide, an operator must strictly forbid to go up and have water in the plastic basin so as to avoid water to cause fire, and after the fumigation is finished, the door and the window should be opened to exhaust toxic gas, and the exhaust time is 24 hours. The fumigated medicinal materials should be checked in time, and when worm shreds and worm powder are found, individual fumigation is adopted, so that the required effect is completely achieved.
(3) In rainy days or high-temperature days, a custodian should open the air exhaust facility in time to control the temperature and the relative humidity in the warehouse, so that the temperature and the humidity meet the requirements of the temperature and the relative humidity in the warehouse. If the medicine in the storehouse is wet or absorbs moisture, the custodian should put the lime blocks around the wet medicine to absorb moisture while taking the air to reduce the temperature and humidity in the storehouse, so as to achieve the effect of drying in the storehouse. When lime is placed, a plastic basin or a plastic barrel is used for containing lime blocks, so that dust cannot pollute medicinal materials or scatter to the ground after the lime absorbs moisture. When some traditional Chinese medicinal materials cannot achieve the effect by absorbing moisture with lime blocks, outdoor airing and air drying should be adopted in time, and the traditional Chinese medicinal materials in the oil-refining class cannot be exposed to the sun so as to avoid affecting the quality of the medicinal materials.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the method has the advantages of long mildew-proof and insect-proof preservation time, improved mildew-proof and insect-proof effects, simple and easy operation and low cost; the medicinal material classification method, the maintenance method, the drying method and the sealing method provided by the invention can be used for fully removing the water in the traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces without losing the active ingredients, so that a better drying effect is achieved, and the problem of volatilization of the active ingredients caused by high-temperature drying is avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the cause, harm and prevention and cure principle of the quality variation of the Chinese medicinal materials.
Detailed Description
The invention is illustrated by the following specific examples, which are not intended to be limiting.
The mildew-proof and insect-proof preservation method of the traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: carrying out classification inspection;
(1) for the convenience of respective maintenance, the Chinese medicinal materials in the warehouse are classified into types such as easy mildew, worm damage, color change, oil bleeding, volatilization and the like according to the characteristics of the Chinese medicinal materials.
(2) Checking the medicinal materials which are easy to be damaged by worms: checking the medicinal materials which are easy to be damaged by worms: the varieties mainly comprise: rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata, radix Puerariae, rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati, radix Codonopsis, radix Angelicae sinensis, caulis Sinomenii, rhizoma anemarrhenae, fructus crataegi cuneatae, fructus Jujubae, and rhizoma Chuanxiong. The inspection may be performed periodically or aperiodically. Generally, the temperature and the humidity in summer and autumn are high, so that the growth and development of pests are facilitated, and the pest inspection is carried out once in 5 to 7 days; in winter and spring, the temperature and the humidity are low, so that the pests are not beneficial to growth, and the pest control method can be used for checking once every 10-15 days. The inspection should be performed one by one according to the stacking order. Firstly, whether the periphery, the upper surface and the bottom of the stack are provided with vermin or moth-eaten powder or not is checked, and then the unpacking inspection is carried out on the traditional Chinese medicine or the key variety of the traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces which are easy to grow vermin. In addition, the environment of the large stack of traditional Chinese medicine or traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces is firstly emphasized, and the temperature of each corner, each surface, the upper layer, the middle layer and the lower layer is different, so that the variation condition of the temperature and the humidity can be timely grasped by a spot check method, and the phenomenon of mildewing and vermin generation after moisture absorption can be prevented.
(3) Checking the easy mildew variety in a warehouse: the medicinal materials mainly comprise: spina gleditsiae, bighead atractylodes rhizome, radix puerariae, polygonum cuspidatum, codonopsis pilosula, angelica sinensis, radix paeoniae alba, radix ampelopsis, caulis sinomenii, rhizoma anemarrhenae, persimmon leaves, glabrous sarcandra herb, Wupifeng, gynostemma pentaphylla, Chinese date, fructus aurantii, hawthorn, rosa roxburghii tratt and the like. The inspection time can be determined according to seasons, the inspection is carried out once every 5-7 days in plum rain season, the inspection is carried out once every month in winter, the inspection is mainly carried out on various mildewable traditional Chinese medicines, the inspection is carried out in batches and in a classified manner, and the inspection is carried out when necessary. During inspection, the medicinal materials should be kept in the presence of moisture, softness, mildew and insect.
(4) The in-store inspection of valuable medicinal materials: the medicinal materials mainly comprise: hedgehog skin, mole cricket, hedgehog skin decoction pieces and the like. The inspection may be performed periodically or aperiodically. Generally, the temperature is high in summer and autumn, chemical reactions such as dampness, heat, mildew, rancidity and the like are easy to occur in the storage process, and the examination is carried out once in 5-7 days; the temperature and humidity in winter and spring are low, and the inspection can be carried out once every 10-15 days. During the inspection, on one hand, the change of the internal and external colors of the medicinal materials is observed, and whether oily substances overflow, dryness, adhesion and other conditions exist on the surfaces or not is observed; on the other hand, when the herb is smelled through the nose, if the herb has a harsh smell or other abnormal pungent smell, the herb can be judged to be oily.
(5) In-bank inspection of general medicinal materials: the medicinal materials mainly comprise: persimmon leaf, bristle grass, erigeron breviscapus, etc. The inspection may be performed periodically or aperiodically. During inspection, the medicinal materials should be kept in the presence of moisture, softness and mildew.
Step two: maintaining the medicinal materials;
(1) cleaning and maintaining: the storehouse should be kept in clean, dry and ventilated environment, and the medicinal material backing plate is cleaned and disinfected by the opportunity of emptying the medicinal materials. The warehouse surroundings are often cleaned.
(2) Ventilating: the air flow change inside and outside the storehouse is utilized to timely compare the temperature and humidity inside and outside the storehouse, and the door and the window are opened and the exhaust fan is opened to ventilate in a planned way. In addition, a stack turning and ventilating method is adopted in rainy seasons or when the water content of the medicinal materials is too high, so that the medicinal materials are favorably dehumidified, mildewproof and maintained. The method is suitable for most animal and plant medicinal materials, and medicinal materials containing crystal water and easy to weather are not suitable for the method.
(3) Sun drying: a method for killing pests and mould by using solar heat energy and ultraviolet rays. The sun-drying method is suitable for medicinal materials which are not afraid of color change, melting and crushing, and is generally suitable for root and stem medicinal materials. The general method comprises the following steps: selecting sunny weather, spreading the medicinal materials on a sunning ground, solarizing in the sunny weather, turning over in time to uniformly heat the medicinal materials, and killing mould and worm eggs when the temperature reaches 45-50 ℃. After the waste heat is dissipated after the sun drying, the bag can be packed for storage.
Step three: drying by baking
Spreading the Chinese medicinal materials or decoction pieces on heated brick bed or oven in drying chamber, controlling temperature at about 50 deg.C, and baking for 5-6 hr to kill pests and mold.
Step four: sealing maintenance
(1) For general medicinal materials with large amount and large volume, a whole-bin sealing method can be adopted, namely, gaps between doors and windows of a storehouse are tightly filled and sealed by using old cotton cloth, and a certain amount of moisture absorbents such as quick lime or anhydrous calcium chloride and the like are placed in a sealed bin so as to reduce the humidity of the storehouse and keep the medicinal materials dry; the medicinal materials with small amount and small volume can be sealed by small pieces, the medicinal materials are sealed by materials such as a plastic barrel, a plastic film, a convenient bag and the like, and the sealing is carried out at low temperature and low relative humidity, which is generally suitable before the rainy season. The method is suitable for maintaining and treating the medicinal materials which are not seriously affected by damp.
(2) For medicinal materials with high water content and incapable of being aired, a vacuum drying method is adopted to heat and dry the medicinal materials, and most of the medicinal materials can be used for removing water in a short time by the method to kill worm eggs. The temperature, time and operation method of drying are controlled, and the medicinal materials are dried for 2 hours at 50-70 ℃; contains sugar, volatile oil and precious and fine medicinal materials, and the temperature is controlled below 45 ℃ so as to avoid loss of effective components or unnecessary loss.
(3) Moisture in the air or moisture in the traditional Chinese medicinal materials and the traditional Chinese medicinal decoction pieces is reduced by adopting a moisture absorbent or an air dehumidifier, so that a dry environment which is not beneficial to the growth of insects and mildew is created, and the aims of removing insects and mildew are fulfilled. Commonly used moisture absorbents are: quicklime, and the like.
(4) The controlled atmosphere maintenance is carried out to place the medicinal materials in a sealed container, the oxygen concentration in the air influencing the quality change of the medicinal materials is effectively controlled, a low oxygen state is artificially caused, or a high-concentration CO2 state is artificially caused, so that new pests cannot invade and generate in the environment, the original pests are suffocated or poisoned and die, the oxygen required by the propagation of microorganisms and the self respiration of the medicinal materials is limited, and the influence of humid air on the medicinal materials is isolated, thereby ensuring the stable quality of the medicinal materials, and preventing the deterioration of the medicinal materials.
Step five: preservation of
(1) And recording the maintenance record of the medicinal materials according to the maintenance requirement of the medicinal materials. The method specifically comprises the following steps: maintenance time, product name, unit, stock, warehousing time, source (producing area), maintenance method, quality condition after maintenance, maintenance personnel and the like, and maintenance records must be filed and stored monthly.
(2) The Chinese medicinal materials should be fumigated with low toxicity and no residue chemicals (such as aluminum phosphide) twice in the middle of 5 and 8 months each year. The method comprises the following steps: the Chinese herbal medicines are intensively moved to an empty room of an idle workshop for totally-enclosed fumigation. The fumigation time is 6-7 days and nights. The door and window are sealed by using an adhesive tape during fumigation, an operator puts a proper amount of aluminum phosphide into a plastic basin (the dosage is 2-3 grains per cubic meter and is about 3.3g per grain) under the supervision of a quality assurance department inspector, places the aluminum phosphide at each part in a warehouse (the distance is uniform), and then seals the door. When using aluminum phosphide, an operator must strictly forbid to go up and have water in the plastic basin so as to avoid water to cause fire, and after the fumigation is finished, the door and the window should be opened to exhaust toxic gas, and the exhaust time is 24 hours. The fumigated medicinal materials should be checked in time, and when worm shreds and worm powder are found, individual fumigation is adopted, so that the required effect is completely achieved.
(3) In rainy days or high-temperature days, a custodian should open the air exhaust facility in time to control the temperature and the relative humidity in the warehouse, so that the temperature and the humidity meet the requirements of the temperature and the relative humidity in the warehouse. If the medicine in the storehouse is wet or absorbs moisture, the custodian should put the lime blocks around the wet medicine to absorb moisture while taking the air to reduce the temperature and humidity in the storehouse, so as to achieve the effect of drying in the storehouse. When lime is placed, a plastic basin or a plastic barrel is used for containing lime blocks, so that dust cannot pollute medicinal materials or scatter to the ground after the lime absorbs moisture. When some traditional Chinese medicinal materials cannot achieve the effect by absorbing moisture with lime blocks, outdoor airing and air drying should be adopted in time, and the traditional Chinese medicinal materials in the oil-refining class cannot be exposed to the sun so as to avoid affecting the quality of the medicinal materials.
Example 2
The prevention and control principle of the worm damage is that according to the characteristics of the medicinal materials, the pests which are easy to attack and the propagation and growth conditions of the pests are systematically and comprehensively prevented and controlled. The source of pests is stopped, the propagation path is controlled, and the growth and reproduction conditions are eliminated, so that the medicinal materials can be effectively prevented from being damaged by the pests. Meanwhile, the storage environment is purified, the ventilation and moisture removal are emphasized, and the temperature and the humidity of the storehouse are strictly regulated and controlled.
The mildew prevention and control principle is as follows: and well performing warehouse entry closing and warehouse entry inspection to control the moisture of the medicinal materials within a safe range. The active prevention and treatment is realized by adopting measures such as a drying dehumidification and humidity reduction method, sealing and damp prevention and the like.
The prevention and control principle of color change is as follows: controlling the water content of the medicinal materials and the temperature and humidity of the storehouse, and selecting a dry, shady and lightproof storehouse to avoid sunlight solarization.
The prevention and control principle of the oil bleeding is as follows: a cool and dry storehouse should be selected, and the stacking should not be too high or too large. The medicinal materials are often accompanied by mildew when being oiled, and are easy to be damaged by worms. The traditional Chinese medicines are most difficult to store, so that the prevention is mainly used to strengthen the maintenance and control the occurrence of oil-flooding phenomenon.
The prevention and control principle of odor loss is as follows: the storage in the storage tube is preferably low temperature, dry, cool and light-proof, and is not easy to ventilate too much. The attention is paid to selecting proper packaging materials or containers, and the phenomenon that the packaging materials or containers are placed for too long time in the open air is avoided.
Claims (2)
1. A mildew-proof insect-proof preservation method of traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: carrying out classification inspection;
(1) for the convenience of respective maintenance, the Chinese medicinal materials in the warehouse are classified into types such as easy mildew, worm damage, color change, oil bleeding, volatilization and the like according to the characteristics of the Chinese medicinal materials.
(2) Checking the medicinal materials which are easy to be damaged by worms: checking the medicinal materials which are easy to be damaged by worms: the varieties mainly comprise: rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata, radix Puerariae, rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati, radix Codonopsis, radix Angelicae sinensis, caulis Sinomenii, rhizoma anemarrhenae, fructus crataegi cuneatae, fructus Jujubae, and rhizoma Chuanxiong. The inspection may be performed periodically or aperiodically. Generally, the temperature and the humidity in summer and autumn are high, so that the growth and development of pests are facilitated, and the pest inspection is carried out once in 5 to 7 days; in winter and spring, the temperature and the humidity are low, so that the pests are not beneficial to growth, and the pest control method can be used for checking once every 10-15 days. The inspection should be performed one by one according to the stacking order. Firstly, whether the periphery, the upper surface and the bottom of the stack are provided with vermin or moth-eaten powder or not is checked, and then the unpacking inspection is carried out on the traditional Chinese medicine or the key variety of the traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces which are easy to grow vermin. In addition, the environment of the large stack of traditional Chinese medicine or traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces is firstly emphasized, and the temperature of each corner, each surface, the upper layer, the middle layer and the lower layer is different, so that the variation condition of the temperature and the humidity can be timely grasped by a spot check method, and the phenomenon of mildewing and vermin generation after moisture absorption can be prevented.
(3) Checking the easy mildew variety in a warehouse: the medicinal materials mainly comprise: spina gleditsiae, bighead atractylodes rhizome, radix puerariae, polygonum cuspidatum, codonopsis pilosula, angelica sinensis, radix paeoniae alba, radix ampelopsis, caulis sinomenii, rhizoma anemarrhenae, persimmon leaves, glabrous sarcandra herb, Wupifeng, gynostemma pentaphylla, Chinese date, fructus aurantii, hawthorn, rosa roxburghii tratt and the like. The inspection time can be determined according to seasons, the inspection is carried out once every 5-7 days in plum rain season, the inspection is carried out once every month in winter, the inspection is mainly carried out on various mildewable traditional Chinese medicines, the inspection is carried out in batches and in a classified manner, and the inspection is carried out when necessary. During inspection, the medicinal materials should be kept in the presence of moisture, softness, mildew and insect.
(4) The in-store inspection of valuable medicinal materials: the medicinal materials mainly comprise: hedgehog skin, mole cricket, hedgehog skin decoction pieces and the like. The inspection may be performed periodically or aperiodically. Generally, the temperature is high in summer and autumn, chemical reactions such as dampness, heat, mildew, rancidity and the like are easy to occur in the storage process, and the examination is carried out once in 5-7 days; the temperature and humidity in winter and spring are low, and the inspection can be carried out once every 10-15 days. During the inspection, on one hand, the change of the internal and external colors of the medicinal materials is observed, and whether oily substances overflow, dryness, adhesion and other conditions exist on the surfaces or not is observed; on the other hand, when the herb is smelled through the nose, if the herb has a harsh smell or other abnormal pungent smell, the herb can be judged to be oily.
(5) In-bank inspection of general medicinal materials: the medicinal materials mainly comprise: persimmon leaf, bristle grass, erigeron breviscapus, etc. The inspection may be performed periodically or aperiodically. During inspection, the medicinal materials should be kept in the presence of moisture, softness and mildew.
Step two: maintaining the medicinal materials;
(1) cleaning and maintaining: the storehouse should be kept in clean, dry and ventilated environment, and the medicinal material backing plate is cleaned and disinfected by the opportunity of emptying the medicinal materials. The warehouse surroundings are often cleaned.
(2) Ventilating: the air flow change inside and outside the storehouse is utilized to timely compare the temperature and humidity inside and outside the storehouse, and the door and the window are opened and the exhaust fan is opened to ventilate in a planned way. In addition, a stack turning and ventilating method is adopted in rainy seasons or when the water content of the medicinal materials is too high, so that the medicinal materials are favorably dehumidified, mildewproof and maintained. The method is suitable for most animal and plant medicinal materials, and medicinal materials containing crystal water and easy to weather are not suitable for the method.
(3) Sun drying: a method for killing pests and mould by using solar heat energy and ultraviolet rays. The sun-drying method is suitable for medicinal materials which are not afraid of color change, melting and crushing, and is generally suitable for root and stem medicinal materials. The general method comprises the following steps: selecting sunny weather, spreading the medicinal materials on a sunning ground, solarizing in the sunny weather, turning over in time to uniformly heat the medicinal materials, and killing mould and worm eggs when the temperature reaches 45-50 ℃. After the waste heat is dissipated after the sun drying, the bag can be packed for storage.
Step three: drying by baking
Spreading the Chinese medicinal materials or decoction pieces on heated brick bed or oven in drying chamber, controlling temperature at about 50 deg.C, and baking for 5-6 hr to kill pests and mold.
Step four: sealing maintenance
(1) For general medicinal materials with large amount and large volume, a whole-bin sealing method can be adopted, namely, gaps between doors and windows of a storehouse are tightly filled and sealed by using old cotton cloth, and a certain amount of moisture absorbents such as quick lime or anhydrous calcium chloride and the like are placed in a sealed bin so as to reduce the humidity of the storehouse and keep the medicinal materials dry; the medicinal materials with small amount and small volume can be sealed by small pieces, the medicinal materials are sealed by materials such as a plastic barrel, a plastic film, a convenient bag and the like, and the sealing is carried out at low temperature and low relative humidity, which is generally suitable before the rainy season. The method is suitable for maintaining and treating the medicinal materials which are not seriously affected by damp.
(2) For medicinal materials with high water content and incapable of being aired, a vacuum drying method is adopted to heat and dry the medicinal materials, and most of the medicinal materials can be used for removing water in a short time by the method to kill worm eggs. The temperature, time and operation method of drying are controlled, and the medicinal materials are dried for 2 hours at 50-70 ℃; contains sugar, volatile oil and precious and fine medicinal materials, and the temperature is controlled below 45 ℃ so as to avoid loss of effective components or unnecessary loss.
(3) Moisture in the air or moisture in the traditional Chinese medicinal materials and the traditional Chinese medicinal decoction pieces is reduced by adopting a moisture absorbent or an air dehumidifier, so that a dry environment which is not beneficial to the growth of insects and mildew is created, and the aims of removing insects and mildew are fulfilled. Commonly used moisture absorbents are: quicklime, and the like.
(4) The controlled atmosphere maintenance is carried out to place the medicinal materials in a sealed container, the oxygen concentration in the air influencing the quality change of the medicinal materials is effectively controlled, a low oxygen state is artificially caused, or a high-concentration CO2 state is artificially caused, so that new pests cannot invade and generate in the environment, the original pests are suffocated or poisoned and die, the oxygen required by the propagation of microorganisms and the self respiration of the medicinal materials is limited, and the influence of humid air on the medicinal materials is isolated, thereby ensuring the stable quality of the medicinal materials, and preventing the deterioration of the medicinal materials.
Step five: preservation of
(1) And recording the maintenance record of the medicinal materials according to the maintenance requirement of the medicinal materials. The method specifically comprises the following steps: maintenance time, product name, unit, stock, warehousing time, source (producing area), maintenance method, quality condition after maintenance, maintenance personnel and the like, and maintenance records must be filed and stored monthly.
2. The method for preserving traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces with mildew and insect prevention according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the Chinese medicinal materials should be fumigated with low-toxicity and residue-free chemicals (such as aluminum phosphide) twice in the middle of 5 and 8 months every year. The method comprises the following steps: the Chinese herbal medicines are intensively moved to an empty room of an idle workshop for totally-enclosed fumigation. The fumigation time is 6-7 days and nights. The door and window are sealed by using an adhesive tape during fumigation, an operator puts a proper amount of aluminum phosphide into a plastic basin (the dosage is 2-3 grains per cubic meter and is about 3.3g per grain) under the supervision of a quality assurance department inspector, places the aluminum phosphide at each part in a warehouse (the distance is uniform), and then seals the door. When using aluminum phosphide, an operator must strictly forbid to go up and have water in the plastic basin so as to avoid water to cause fire, and after the fumigation is finished, the door and the window should be opened to exhaust toxic gas, and the exhaust time is 24 hours. The fumigated medicinal materials should be checked in time, and when worm shreds and worm powder are found, individual fumigation is adopted, so that the required effect is completely achieved.
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