CN110981633A - Development method of functional composite microbial fertilizer special for edible olive trees - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for developing a functional composite microbial fertilizer special for edible olive trees, which comprises the following steps: primary aerobic fermentation: taking a first-stage fermentation raw material according to mass fraction: 40-50% of sheep manure, 20-30% of municipal sludge, 10-20% of crop straw, 2-5% of calcium superphosphate and 15-18% of YM bacteria, performing primary aerobic fermentation on a primary fermentation raw material to obtain a primary product, and performing secondary aerobic fermentation: taking a secondary fermentation raw material according to mass fraction: 65-75% of a primary product, 2-10% of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 2-10% of trichoderma harzianum and 15-20% of a rapeseed cake or soybean meal; performing secondary aerobic fermentation on the secondary fermentation raw material to obtain a secondary fermentation product; compounding secondary fermentation products: and compounding the secondary fermentation product with inorganic nutrient elements to obtain a finished product. After the high-quality compound microbial fertilizer is applied, the soil quality can be improved, the yield of edible olives is increased, and the quality of olives is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of microbial fertilizers, in particular to a method for developing a functional composite microbial fertilizer special for edible olive trees.
Background
The olive belongs to evergreen arbor fruit trees of the genus olive of the family olive, and has a cultivation history of more than two thousand years in China. The olive belongs to a longevity fruit tree, the fruit is put into trial production in 7 years after being generally planted, the fruit is put into first production in 10-15 years, the fruit enters a full-production period after 15-20 years, the high-yield period can reach more than 50 years, the planting benefit is remarkable, Fujian city Fuhou Minhou county and Minqing county are maximum olive producing areas, the olive becomes a main cultivated variety and a traditional special famous fruit in the area, and the economic value is extremely high. According to statistics, more than 60% of the olives in the region are cultivated on the mountainous region, and the mountainous region soil is extremely barren in fertility and serious in desertification.
Due to the special geographical environment, the generally planted olives can only meet the growth requirement of the root system of the olives for 3 years, and the hole is expanded and the soil is improved after 3 years. But the hole expanding and the soil improving take time and labor and have high investment. In addition, farmers manage the olive trees roughly in the olive planting process, the soil in the orchard is poorly managed, and the surface soil is seriously lost, so that the roots of the olive trees are exposed, the soil is not removed in time, and the roots are protected by ridging. The fertilizer is unreasonable, organic fertilizer is rarely used in some orchards to harden soil, nitrogen fertilizer is partially applied in some orchards, and the cooperation application of phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and trace element fertilizer is not noticed, so that the olive tree has low planting survival rate, a tree body grows in a proper condition, the plant diseases and insect pests are serious, and the olive cannot bear fruits or bear few fruits and has poor quality. Therefore, the quality of mountain soil and fruits planted with olives is in urgent need to be improved.
The functional composite microbial fertilizer is prepared with animal and plant residue as material, and through high temperature and low oxygen treatment, adding special functional microbe and secondary fermentation, and has the functions of raising soil fertility, increasing organic matter content in soil and containing special functional microbe.
A large number of research results show that different types of soil have different fertilizer supply characteristics, and different types of crops have different fertilizer requirement rules.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for developing a functional composite microbial fertilizer special for edible olive trees.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for developing a functional composite microbial fertilizer special for edible olive trees comprises the following steps:
(1) primary aerobic fermentation: taking a first-stage fermentation raw material according to mass fraction: 40-50% of sheep manure, 20-30% of municipal sludge, 10-20% of crop straw, 2-5% of calcium superphosphate and 15-18% of YM bacteria, performing primary aerobic fermentation on a primary fermentation raw material to obtain a primary product, wherein the primary aerobic fermentation time is 26-30 days, and the primary aerobic fermentation process is performed by turning over once every 5-7 days to control the oxygen concentration of the primary aerobic fermentation to be 5-15%;
(2) secondary aerobic fermentation: taking a secondary fermentation raw material according to mass fraction: 65-75% of a primary product, 2-10% of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 2-10% of trichoderma harzianum and 15-20% of a rapeseed cake or soybean meal; performing secondary aerobic fermentation on the secondary fermentation raw material to obtain a secondary fermentation product, wherein the secondary aerobic fermentation time is 12-16 days, adding acid in the secondary aerobic fermentation process to maintain the pH value between 6.0 and 7.0, and turning over during the secondary aerobic fermentation to maintain the temperature of the secondary aerobic fermentation between 45 and 60 ℃ and control the oxygen concentration between 5 and 8%;
(3) compounding secondary fermentation products: compounding the secondary fermentation product with inorganic nutrient elements to obtain a finished product, wherein the mass fraction of the secondary fermentation product and the inorganic nutrient elements is as follows: 60-70% of secondary fermentation product, 5-10% of monoammonium phosphate, 5-10% of ammonium sulfate, 5-10% of potassium sulfate, 5-10% of calcium superphosphate and 10-15% of humic acid.
In the primary aerobic fermentation stage, the temperature is increased from the normal temperature to 80-110 ℃ and then is reduced to 45-50 ℃, and in the secondary aerobic fermentation, the temperature is increased from 45-50 ℃ to 60 ℃ and then is reduced to the normal temperature.
Further, the bacillus amyloliquefaciens is an SQR9 functional bacterium.
Further, the trichoderma harzianum is a T37 functional fungus.
Further, the acid is 2mol/L dilute sulfuric acid.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the organic solid wastes such as the sheep manure, the municipal sludge, the crop straws and the like utilized by the invention contain higher organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and have sufficient nutrients, so that the resource utilization of the solid wastes is realized by applying the organic solid wastes to soil, and the pollution pressure of the solid wastes to the environment is greatly reduced.
2. The invention adopts primary aerobic fermentation and secondary aerobic fermentation, wherein the temperature of the primary aerobic fermentation can reach 110 ℃ at most, thereby effectively killing harmful bacteria and weed seeds in the organic solid waste, and preventing the pollution of the harmful bacteria to the soil and the infection of beneficial bacteria in the secondary fermentation process; an organic nitrogen source is specially added in the secondary fermentation process, and low-temperature fermentation is adopted, so that the propagation and growth of functional microorganisms are facilitated; in the two fermentation processes, the pH range of the material is adjusted by using dilute acid and inorganic nutrient element-calcium superphosphate, so that the loss rate of nitrogen in the fermentation process is reduced by about 60 percent, and the production and compounding cost of the fertilizer is greatly reduced.
3. The organic solid waste fermentation raw materials used in the invention contain a large amount of organic substances, so that the soil humification process can be promoted, and a good growth and propagation environment can be provided for beneficial microorganisms.
4. The synergistic effect of the two functional active microorganisms is more obvious, and the construction of a soil microbial community is quicker and more effective. The unit weight of the mountain land soil for planting edible olives is gradually reduced, the content of organic matters is increased, the microbial area system of the whole soil is effectively improved, the density of olive tree fibrous roots is increased, the coverage area of weeds is increased, the water and fertilizer retention performance of a soil plough layer is effectively improved, the phenomenon of mountain land water and soil loss is reduced, and the durability of soil fertility is improved.
5. The invention mainly aims at the conditions of poor soil condition and poor fruit quality of mountain soil for growing olive trees, develops the functional compound microbial fertilizer special for edible olives, can not improve the fruit yield, and can well improve the fruit quality of the edible olives, thereby ensuring the sustainable increase of the economic benefit of farmers.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below.
Example 1: a method for developing a functional composite microbial fertilizer special for edible olive trees comprises the following steps: primary aerobic fermentation: taking a first-stage fermentation raw material according to mass fraction: 40% of sheep manure, 30% of municipal sludge, 10% of crop straw, 2% of calcium superphosphate and 18% of YM bacteria, performing primary aerobic fermentation on the primary fermentation raw material to obtain a primary product, wherein the primary aerobic fermentation time is 26 days, and the primary aerobic fermentation process is performed by turning over once every 5 days to control the oxygen concentration to be 5-15% during the primary aerobic fermentation. Secondary aerobic fermentation: taking a secondary fermentation raw material according to mass fraction: 65% of primary product, 10% of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 10% of trichoderma harzianum and 15% of rapeseed cake or soybean meal; the bacillus amyloliquefaciens is preferably SQR9 functional bacteria, and the trichoderma harzianum is preferably T37 functional fungi; and (3) performing secondary aerobic fermentation on the secondary fermentation raw material to obtain a secondary fermentation product, wherein the secondary aerobic fermentation time is 12 days, adding acid to maintain the pH value at 6.0 in the secondary aerobic fermentation process, preferably 2mol/L dilute sulfuric acid, and turning the pile during the secondary aerobic fermentation to maintain the secondary aerobic fermentation temperature at 45-60 ℃ and control the oxygen concentration at 5-8%. Compounding secondary fermentation products: compounding the secondary fermentation product with inorganic nutrient elements to obtain a finished product, wherein the mass fraction of the secondary fermentation product and the inorganic nutrient elements is as follows: 60% of secondary fermentation product, 5% of monoammonium phosphate, 5% of ammonium sulfate, 5% of potassium sulfate, 10% of calcium superphosphate and 15% of humic acid.
Example 2: a method for developing a functional composite microbial fertilizer special for edible olive trees comprises the following steps: primary aerobic fermentation: taking a first-stage fermentation raw material according to mass fraction: 45% of sheep manure, 20% of municipal sludge, 15% of crop straw, 5% of calcium superphosphate and 15% of YM bacteria, performing primary aerobic fermentation on a primary fermentation raw material to obtain a primary product, wherein the primary aerobic fermentation time is 28 days, and the primary aerobic fermentation process is performed by turning over once every 6 days so that the oxygen concentration is controlled to be 5-15% during primary aerobic fermentation. Secondary aerobic fermentation: taking a secondary fermentation raw material according to mass fraction: 75% of primary product, 3% of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 2% of trichoderma harzianum and 20% of rapeseed cake or soybean meal; the bacillus amyloliquefaciens is preferably SQR9 functional bacteria, and the trichoderma harzianum is preferably T37 functional fungi; and (3) performing secondary aerobic fermentation on the secondary fermentation raw material to obtain a secondary fermentation product, wherein the secondary aerobic fermentation time is 14 days, adding acid to maintain the pH value at 6.5 in the secondary aerobic fermentation process, preferably 2mol/L dilute sulfuric acid, and turning the pile during the secondary aerobic fermentation to maintain the secondary aerobic fermentation temperature at 45-60 ℃ and control the oxygen concentration at 5-8%. Compounding secondary fermentation products: compounding the secondary fermentation product with inorganic nutrient elements to obtain a finished product, wherein the mass fraction of the secondary fermentation product and the inorganic nutrient elements is as follows: 65% of secondary fermentation product, 7% of monoammonium phosphate, 7% of ammonium sulfate, 6% of potassium sulfate, 5% of calcium superphosphate and 10% of humic acid.
Example 3: a method for developing a functional composite microbial fertilizer special for edible olive trees comprises the following steps: primary aerobic fermentation: taking a first-stage fermentation raw material according to mass fraction: 50% of sheep manure, 20% of municipal sludge, 10% of crop straw, 3% of calcium superphosphate and 17% of YM bacteria, performing primary aerobic fermentation on a primary fermentation raw material to obtain a primary product, wherein the primary aerobic fermentation time is 30 days, and the primary aerobic fermentation process is performed by turning over once every 7 days to control the oxygen concentration to be 5-15% during the primary aerobic fermentation. Secondary aerobic fermentation: taking a secondary fermentation raw material according to mass fraction: 72% of first-stage product, 2% of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 8% of trichoderma harzianum and 18% of rapeseed cake or soybean meal; the bacillus amyloliquefaciens is preferably SQR9 functional bacteria, and the trichoderma harzianum is preferably T37 functional fungi; and (3) performing secondary aerobic fermentation on the secondary fermentation raw material to obtain a secondary fermentation product, wherein the secondary aerobic fermentation time is 16 days, adding acid to maintain the pH value at 7.0 in the secondary aerobic fermentation process, preferably 2mol/L dilute sulfuric acid, and turning the pile during the secondary aerobic fermentation to maintain the temperature of the secondary aerobic fermentation at 45-60 ℃ and control the oxygen concentration at 5-8%. Compounding secondary fermentation products: compounding the secondary fermentation product with inorganic nutrient elements to obtain a finished product, wherein the mass fraction of the secondary fermentation product and the inorganic nutrient elements is as follows: 70% of secondary fermentation product, 5% of monoammonium phosphate, 5% of ammonium sulfate, 5% of potassium sulfate, 5% of calcium superphosphate and 10% of humic acid.
Example 4: a method for developing a functional composite microbial fertilizer special for edible olive trees comprises the following steps: primary aerobic fermentation: taking a first-stage fermentation raw material according to mass fraction: 40% of sheep manure, 22% of municipal sludge, 20% of crop straw, 2% of calcium superphosphate and 16% of YM bacteria, performing primary aerobic fermentation on the primary fermentation raw material to obtain a primary product, wherein the primary aerobic fermentation time is 28 days, and the primary aerobic fermentation process is performed by turning over once every 7 days to control the oxygen concentration to be 5-15% during the primary aerobic fermentation. Secondary aerobic fermentation: taking a secondary fermentation raw material according to mass fraction: 66% of primary product, 4% of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 10% of trichoderma harzianum and 20% of rapeseed cake or soybean meal; the bacillus amyloliquefaciens is preferably SQR9 functional bacteria, and the trichoderma harzianum is preferably T37 functional fungi; and (3) performing secondary aerobic fermentation on the secondary fermentation raw material to obtain a secondary fermentation product, wherein the secondary aerobic fermentation time is 14 days, adding acid to maintain the pH value at 7.0 in the secondary aerobic fermentation process, preferably 2mol/L dilute sulfuric acid, and turning the pile during the secondary aerobic fermentation to maintain the temperature of the secondary aerobic fermentation at 45-60 ℃ and control the oxygen concentration at 5-8%. Compounding secondary fermentation products: compounding the secondary fermentation product with inorganic nutrient elements to obtain a finished product, wherein the mass fraction of the secondary fermentation product and the inorganic nutrient elements is as follows: 60% of secondary fermentation product, 10% of monoammonium phosphate, 10% of ammonium sulfate, 5% of potassium sulfate, 5% of calcium superphosphate and 10% of humic acid.
Example 5: a method for developing a functional composite microbial fertilizer special for edible olive trees comprises the following steps: primary aerobic fermentation: taking a first-stage fermentation raw material according to mass fraction: 40% of sheep manure, 22% of municipal sludge, 20% of crop straw, 2% of calcium superphosphate and 16% of YM bacteria, performing primary aerobic fermentation on the primary fermentation raw material to obtain a primary product, wherein the primary aerobic fermentation time is 28 days, and the primary aerobic fermentation process is performed by turning over once every 7 days to control the oxygen concentration to be 5-15% during the primary aerobic fermentation. Secondary aerobic fermentation: taking a secondary fermentation raw material according to mass fraction: 66% of primary product, 4% of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 10% of trichoderma harzianum and 20% of rapeseed cake or soybean meal; the bacillus amyloliquefaciens is preferably SQR9 functional bacteria, and the trichoderma harzianum is preferably T37 functional fungi; and (3) performing secondary aerobic fermentation on the secondary fermentation raw material to obtain a secondary fermentation product, wherein the secondary aerobic fermentation time is 14 days, adding acid to maintain the pH value at 7.0 in the secondary aerobic fermentation process, preferably 2mol/L dilute sulfuric acid, and turning the pile during the secondary aerobic fermentation to maintain the temperature of the secondary aerobic fermentation at 45-60 ℃ and control the oxygen concentration at 5-8%. Compounding secondary fermentation products: compounding the secondary fermentation product with inorganic nutrient elements to obtain a finished product, wherein the mass fraction of the secondary fermentation product and the inorganic nutrient elements is as follows: 60% of secondary fermentation product, 5% of monoammonium phosphate, 5% of ammonium sulfate, 10% of potassium sulfate, 7% of calcium superphosphate and 13% of humic acid.
The effect of the functional composite microbial fertilizer in the example 1 on the edible olive field is as follows:
the edible olive trees are cultivated at the density of 6 meters by 6 meters, 20 plants are planted in each mu, and the edible olive trees with the same tree age and growth vigor are selected. The fertilization method was as follows, test group: the olive tree flower promoting fertilizer is applied with 15 kg of the functional compound microbial fertilizer, 4.2kg of compound fertilizer (15-15-15) and 2.8kg of autumn fertilizer in the example 1; in the control group, 6kg of compound fertilizer (15-15-15) and 4kg of autumn fertilizer are applied to the olive tree flower promoting fertilizer. The fertilization method is as follows: after the olives are picked, an open annular ditch (with the width of 40cm and the depth of 30 cm) is formed on the ground 50cm away from the trunk by taking the trunk as the center, and the functional compound microbial fertilizer and the compound fertilizer (15-15-15) in the embodiment 1 are uniformly applied into the annular ditch and then buried. The autumn fertilizer can be watered with water. The test is carried out for three years, the olive picking is finished in 12 months every year, and the yield of the single olive plant is measured. And (5) fertilizing after soil samples of the plough layer and fresh olive fruits are picked. And measuring the index contents of soil volume weight, organic matters, soluble total sugar, total polyphenol, titratable acid and total free amino acid in the olive at the later stage. The results are as follows:
TABLE 1 Effect (yield, capacity, organic matter) of test group and control group
After the test groups are continuously applied for 3 years, the yield of the edible olive is increased year by year, the yield increasing effect is obvious, the yield is increased by 37.5 percent compared with the control group, and the olive yield of the control group which is applied with the compound fertilizer singly for a long time is lower and is not increased basically. The unit weight of the mountain land soil for cultivating the olives is reduced by about 10 percent in the third year compared with that in the first year, and the unit weight of a control group which is singly applied with the compound fertilizer for a long time is basically not changed. The organic matter of the soil of the control group has a tendency of reducing, the organic matter content of the soil of the test group has a tendency of increasing, and the organic matter content of the soil of the test group is increased by about 9 percent compared with the control group which only applies the compound fertilizer.
TABLE 2 Effect of the test and control groups on the consumption of Olive (Total sugar, Total amino acids)
TABLE 3 Effect of the test and control groups on the consumption of Olive (titratable acid, total phenols)
The contents of titratable acid, total sugar, total phenol and total amino acid in the edible olive are representative indexes for reflecting the quality of the olive, and as can be seen from tables 2 and 3, the titratable acid and the total phenol in the olive of a test group show a trend of descending year by year, the titratable acid and the total phenol slowly reduce at the later stage of fruit ripening, and the test group change of the contents of the total sugar and the total amino acid in the olive is obvious; the content of titratable acid and total phenol in the olive of the control group is basically unchanged, and the content of total sugar and total amino acid of the control group tends to decrease year by year.
The described embodiments are only some embodiments of the invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for developing a functional composite microbial fertilizer special for edible olive trees is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) primary aerobic fermentation: taking a first-stage fermentation raw material according to mass fraction: 40-50% of sheep manure, 20-30% of municipal sludge, 10-20% of crop straw, 2-5% of calcium superphosphate and 15-18% of YM bacteria, performing primary aerobic fermentation on a primary fermentation raw material to obtain a primary product, wherein the primary aerobic fermentation time is 26-30 days, and the primary aerobic fermentation process is performed by turning over once every 5-7 days to control the oxygen concentration of the primary aerobic fermentation to be 5-15%;
(2) secondary aerobic fermentation: taking a secondary fermentation raw material according to mass fraction: 65-75% of a primary product, 2-10% of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 2-10% of trichoderma harzianum and 15-20% of a rapeseed cake or soybean meal; performing secondary aerobic fermentation on the secondary fermentation raw material to obtain a secondary fermentation product, wherein the secondary aerobic fermentation time is 12-16 days, adding acid in the secondary aerobic fermentation process to maintain the pH value between 6.0 and 7.0, and turning over during the secondary aerobic fermentation to maintain the temperature of the secondary aerobic fermentation between 45 and 60 ℃ and control the oxygen concentration between 5 and 8%;
(3) compounding secondary fermentation products: compounding the secondary fermentation product with inorganic nutrient elements to obtain a finished product, wherein the mass fraction of the secondary fermentation product and the inorganic nutrient elements is as follows: 60-70% of secondary fermentation product, 5-10% of monoammonium phosphate, 5-10% of ammonium sulfate, 5-10% of potassium sulfate, 5-10% of calcium superphosphate and 10-15% of humic acid.
2. The method for developing the functional composite microbial fertilizer special for edible olive trees as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bacillus amyloliquefaciens is SQR9 functional bacteria.
3. The method for developing the functional composite microbial fertilizer special for edible olive trees as claimed in claim 1, wherein trichoderma harzianum is a T37 functional fungus.
4. The method for developing the functional composite microbial fertilizer special for edible olive trees as claimed in claim 1, wherein the acid is 2mol/L dilute sulfuric acid.
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