CN110976845A - Powder modification method for eliminating thermal cracks of 7075 aluminum alloy formed by laser 3D printing - Google Patents

Powder modification method for eliminating thermal cracks of 7075 aluminum alloy formed by laser 3D printing Download PDF

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CN110976845A
CN110976845A CN201911228163.4A CN201911228163A CN110976845A CN 110976845 A CN110976845 A CN 110976845A CN 201911228163 A CN201911228163 A CN 201911228163A CN 110976845 A CN110976845 A CN 110976845A
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powder
laser
aluminum alloy
printing
eliminating
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肖志瑜
吴文杰
高超峰
柳中强
王震
温利平
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South China University of Technology SCUT
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    • B22F1/0003—
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/32—Process control of the atmosphere, e.g. composition or pressure in a building chamber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/34—Process control of powder characteristics, e.g. density, oxidation or flowability
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/10—Alloys based on aluminium with zinc as the next major constituent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
    • B22F10/366—Scanning parameters, e.g. hatch distance or scanning strategy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Abstract

The invention discloses a powder modification method for eliminating thermal cracks of 7075 aluminum alloy formed by laser 3D printing. The invention belongs to the technical field of laser 3D printing, and adopts a method combining ultrasonic vibration dispersion and mechanical mixing, wherein the ultrasonic power is 90-150W, the output frequency is 30-40 KHz, and the dispersion is continuously carried out for 30-50 min; the mechanical mixing time is 10-12 h, and the rotating speed of the cylinder is 18-25 rpm. By adopting the method, the nano TiN powder with the effect of refining the crystal grains is uniformly distributed on the surface of the 7075 aluminum alloy powder, the laser reflectivity of the mixed powder is reduced, and the components without periodic thermal cracks are formed by performing selective laser melting through laser 3D printing equipment. The preparation method is simple and convenient, has low cost, can effectively reduce the laser reflectivity by mixing the nano TiN powder, plays a role of refining grains in the selective laser melting and forming process, effectively inhibits and backfills hot cracks generated in the forming process, and improves the mechanical properties of parts.

Description

Powder modification method for eliminating thermal cracks of 7075 aluminum alloy formed by laser 3D printing
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser 3D printing, in particular to a powder modification method for eliminating thermal cracks of 7075 aluminum alloy formed by laser 3D printing.
Background
Laser selective melting (SLM) is a subversive additive manufacturing technique with potential.
The metal powder is directly melted by high-energy laser beams in a layer-by-layer printing and overlapping mode, so that the three-dimensional part with complex geometric shape and high dimensional precision is prepared. The technology can improve the design freedom degree and the manufacturing flexibility, has the advantages of high material utilization rate, short product development period, low production cost and the like, and is applied to the fields of aerospace, biomedicine, automobile industry and the like. However, selective laser melting technology is currently only capable of reliably printing a few alloys, such as titanium-based, nickel-based, aluminum-based, iron-based alloys, and so on, and increasing the number and variety of alloys suitable for use in this technology has become an important research topic.
The 7075 aluminum alloy is used as a high-strength forging alloy and has excellent mechanical properties. However, the laser reflectivity is high, the weldability is poor, and samples prepared by selective laser melting often have a large amount of periodic thermal cracks, so that the engineering application value is lost, and the problem is always the key point for the scientific researchers in the field to try to overcome. At present, some research teams respectively add nano ZrH powder into 7075 aluminum alloy powder by adopting electrostatic assembly and mechanical mixing methods, and then melt the nano ZrH powder into a sample without thermal cracks through laser selective area. However, after the powder is mixed by electrostatic assembly, the organic matter remaining on the surface of the powder is not easy to remove, and the powder is polluted to a certain degree. Mechanical mixing makes it difficult to effectively and uniformly distribute the micron Si powder in the aluminum alloy powder.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects and shortcomings of the prior art and provide a powder modification method for eliminating thermal cracks of 7075 aluminum alloy formed by laser 3D printing. The method combining ultrasonic vibration dispersion and mechanical mixing is adopted, the nano TiN powder with the effect of refining grains is uniformly distributed on the surface of the 7075 aluminum alloy powder, the laser reflectivity of the mixed powder is reduced, and the laser selective melting is carried out through laser 3D printing equipment to form the part without the periodic thermal cracks.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a powder modification method for eliminating thermal cracks of 7075 aluminum alloy formed by laser 3D printing comprises the following steps:
(1) putting 7075 aluminum alloy powder and nano TiN powder into a vacuum drying oven for drying treatment;
(2) putting the dried powder obtained in the step (1) into an ultrasonic vibrator for ultrasonic vibration dispersion;
(3) putting the dispersed powder in the step (2) into a V-shaped mixer for mechanical mixing, and screening out powder with the particle size of less than 53 microns to obtain TiN/7075 mixed powder;
(4) and (4) filling the TiN/7075 mixed powder obtained in the step (3) into a powder cylinder of laser 3D printing equipment, vacuumizing, introducing protective atmosphere, scanning and melting a powder layer by a laser in a low-oxygen environment according to preset process parameters and a planned path, and printing layer by layer to finally obtain the 7075 aluminum alloy part.
Preferably, the nano TiN powder in the step (1) is prepared by adopting a titanium wire material electric explosion method and then is obtained by nitriding, the powder has the spherical shape characteristic, the purity is more than 99.9%, and the median particle size D50 is 70-100 nm.
Preferably, the 7075 aluminum alloy powder in the step (1) has a median particle diameter D50 of 30-50 μm, and comprises the following chemical components: cu: 1.6 wt.%; mg: 2.6 wt.%; zn: 5.8 wt.%; cr: 0.22 wt.%; si: 0.09 wt.%; fe: 0.07 wt.%; ti: 0.01 wt.%; the balance being Al.
Preferably, the 7075 aluminum alloy powder and the nano TiN powder in the step (1) respectively have the following mass fractions: 94-98% and 2-6%.
Preferably, the drying temperature in the step (1) is 60-70 ℃, and the drying time is 9-11 h.
Preferably, the relevant parameters of the ultrasonic vibration in the step (2) are as follows: the output frequency is 30-40 KHz; ultrasonic power: 90-150W; vibration mode: and (4) continuous.
Preferably, the ultrasonic vibration dispersion time in the step (2) is 30-50 min.
Preferably, during the ultrasonic vibration dispersion process in the step (2), 7075 aluminum alloy powder and nano TiN powder are continuously mixed in corresponding mass fraction ratio.
Preferably, the mechanical mixing time in the step (3) is 10-12 h.
Preferably, the rotating speed of the mechanically mixed cylinder in the step (3) is 18-25 rpm.
Preferably, the process parameters of selective laser melting and forming in step (4) are as follows: the laser power is 160-200W; scanning speed: 200-800 mm/s; scanning interval: 80-100 μm; and (3) powder spreading layer thickness: 30 to 50 μm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
the nano TiN powder used by the invention has good physicochemical properties such as high melting point (2950.6-3205.8 ℃), good chemical stability, strong laser absorption capacity and the like, and the nano TiN powder with the effect of refining grains is uniformly adhered to the surface of the 7075 aluminum alloy powder by a method combining ultrasonic vibration dispersion and mechanical mixing, so that the laser absorption rate of the mixed powder is improved, and the preparation method is simple and convenient and has low cost. Through diffuse reflection spectrum tests, compared with 7075 aluminum alloy original powder, the laser reflectivity of the mixed powder is reduced from 45% to 15%, the temperature of a molten pool during selective laser melting forming can be greatly increased, the fluidity of molten liquid is increased, and hot cracks appear in the backfill forming process.
The mixed nano TiN powder plays a role in grain refinement in the selective laser melting and forming process of the laser 3D printing equipment, increases the coherence of dendritic crystals and inhibits a large expansion shear band, thereby effectively inhibiting the generation of periodic thermal cracks and improving the mechanical properties of parts.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a process flow diagram of a powder modification method for eliminating thermal cracks of 7075 aluminum alloy formed by laser 3D printing according to the invention.
FIG. 2 is a diffuse reflection spectrum of the 6% TiN/7075 mixed powder and 7075 aluminum alloy raw powder obtained in step (4) of example 1, wherein the dotted line corresponds to the wavelength of a fiber laser 1064nm configured by a laser 3D printing device.
FIG. 3 is an SEM morphology of the 6% TiN/7075 mixed powder obtained in step (4) of example 1.
FIG. 4a is a metallographic polished graph of the 2% TiN/7075 aluminum alloy part obtained in example 3.
Fig. 4b is a metallographic polishing graph of a 7075 aluminum alloy part.
FIG. 5 is a graph of compressive stress vs. strain for the parts obtained in example 3.
Detailed Description
The invention discloses a powder modification method for eliminating thermal cracks of 7075 aluminum alloy formed by laser 3D printing, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: putting 7075 aluminum alloy powder and nano TiN powder into a vacuum drying oven for drying treatment;
step two: putting the powder dried in the step one into an ultrasonic vibrator for ultrasonic vibration dispersion;
step three: placing the powder dispersed in the second step into a V-shaped mixer for mechanical mixing, and screening out powder with the particle size of less than 53 microns to obtain TiN/7075 mixed powder;
step four: and (3) filling the mixed powder of the three TiN/7075 steps into a powder cylinder of laser selective melting 3D printing equipment, vacuumizing a forming chamber, introducing protective atmosphere, and selectively melting a powder layer by a laser according to preset operation parameters and a planned path to finally obtain the 7075 aluminum alloy part.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
(1) Spherical 7075 aluminum alloy powder and spherical nanometer TiN powder (the purity is more than 99.9 percent) are selected, wherein the median particle diameter D50 is 30 mu m and 70nm respectively. The 7075 aluminum alloy powder and the nano TiN powder respectively have the following mass fractions: 94% and 6%. And putting the two kinds of powder into a vacuum drying oven to be dried for 9 hours at the drying temperature of 60 ℃.
(2) Mixing the dried two kinds of powder in a mixing ratio of 94: 6, namely mixing the 7075 aluminum alloy powder and the nano TiN powder in batches according to a mass fraction ratio of 94: and 6, adding the mixture into an ultrasonic vibrator, and vibrating and dispersing each batch for 5min until all the required powder is added. Wherein the output frequency of the device is 30KHz, the ultrasonic power is 90W, and the vibration mode is continuous.
(3) And adding the powder dispersed by ultrasonic vibration into a V-shaped mixer for mechanical mixing for 10 hours, wherein the rotating speed of a cylinder body is 18 rpm.
(4) The mechanically mixed powder was taken out, and the powder having a particle size of 53 μm or less was sieved out using a 3D printing material sieving apparatus, to obtain a 6% TiN/7075 mixed powder.
(5) And carrying out slicing and layering processing on the three-dimensional model of the part and importing related data into a computer of the laser 3D printing equipment. Adding 6% TiN/7075 mixed powder into a powder cylinder of printing equipment, vacuumizing, introducing argon, setting laser power at 160W, scanning speed at 200mm/s, scanning interval at 80 microns, and spreading a powder layer to be 30 microns thick. And (3) carrying out selective laser melting by a laser under a low-oxygen environment according to set process parameters and a planned path, and printing layer by layer to finally obtain the 7075 aluminum alloy part.
The diffuse reflection spectrum of the 6% TiN/7075 mixed powder obtained in step (4) of this example and the 7075 aluminum alloy raw powder is shown in FIG. 2. The wavelength of a fiber laser configured for the laser 3D printing equipment is 1064nm, and as can be seen from the figure, the laser reflectivity is reduced from 45% to 15%, and the laser absorptivity of the powder can be effectively improved.
The SEM image of the mixed powder obtained in step (4) of this example is shown in fig. 3, and it can be seen from fig. 3 that the nano TiN powder is uniformly adhered to the surface of the 7075 aluminum alloy powder.
The experimental result shows that the periodic thermal cracks of the 7075 aluminum alloy parts are eliminated, the compactness reaches 96.25 percent, and the microhardness is 167HV0.1The compressive strength is 729 MPa.
Example 2
(1) Spherical 7075 aluminum alloy powder and spherical nanometer TiN powder (the purity is more than 99.9 percent) are selected, wherein the median particle diameter D50 is 40 mu m and 80nm respectively. The 7075 aluminum alloy powder and the nano TiN powder respectively have the following mass fractions: 96% and 4%. And putting the two kinds of powder into a vacuum drying oven to be dried for 10 hours, wherein the drying temperature is 65 ℃.
(2) Mixing the dried two kinds of powder in a mixing ratio of 96: 4, namely mixing the 7075 aluminum alloy powder and the nano TiN powder in batches according to a mass fraction ratio of 96: and 4, adding the mixture into an ultrasonic vibrator, and vibrating and dispersing each batch for 5min until all the required powder is added. Wherein, the output frequency of the device is 35KHz, the ultrasonic power is 120W, and the vibration mode is continuous.
(3) And adding the powder dispersed by ultrasonic vibration into a V-shaped mixer for mechanical mixing for 11 hours, wherein the rotating speed of a cylinder body is 20 rpm.
(4) The mechanically mixed powder was taken out, and the powder having a particle size of 53 μm or less was sieved out using a 3D printing material sieving apparatus, to obtain a 4% TiN/7075 mixed powder.
(5) And carrying out slicing and layering processing on the three-dimensional model of the part and importing related data into a computer of the laser 3D printing equipment. Adding 4% TiN/7075 mixed powder into a powder cylinder of printing equipment, vacuumizing, introducing argon, setting laser power at 180W, scanning speed at 500mm/s, scanning interval at 90 micrometers, and spreading a powder layer to be 40 micrometers thick. And (3) carrying out selective laser melting by a laser under a low-oxygen environment according to set process parameters and a planned path, and printing layer by layer to finally obtain the 7075 aluminum alloy part.
The experimental result shows that the periodic thermal cracks of the 7075 aluminum alloy parts are eliminated, the compactness reaches 96.49 percent, and the microhardness is 141HV0.1The compressive strength is 901 MPa.
Example 3
(1) Spherical 7075 aluminum alloy powder and spherical nanometer TiN powder (the purity is more than 99.9 percent) are selected, wherein the median particle diameter D50 is 50 mu m and 100nm respectively. The 7075 aluminum alloy powder and the nano TiN powder respectively have the following mass fractions: 98 percent and 2 percent. Putting the two powders into a vacuum drying oven to be dried for 11 hours, wherein the drying temperature is 70 ℃.
(2) Mixing the dried two kinds of powder in a proportion of 98: 2, namely mixing the 7075 aluminum alloy powder and the nano TiN powder in batches according to a mass fraction ratio of 98: and 2, adding the mixture into an ultrasonic vibrator, and vibrating and dispersing each batch for 5min until all the required powder is added. Wherein, the output frequency of the device is 40KHz, the ultrasonic power is 150W, and the vibration mode is continuous.
(3) And adding the powder dispersed by ultrasonic vibration into a V-shaped mixer for mechanical mixing for 12 hours, wherein the rotating speed of a cylinder body is 25 rpm.
(4) The mechanically mixed powder was taken out, and the powder having a particle size of 53 μm or less was sieved out using a 3D printing material sieving apparatus, to obtain a 2% TiN/7075 mixed powder.
(5) And carrying out slicing and layering processing on the three-dimensional model of the part and importing related data into a computer of the laser 3D printing equipment. Adding 2% TiN/7075 mixed powder into a powder cylinder of printing equipment, vacuumizing, introducing argon, setting laser power at 200W, scanning speed at 800mm/s, scanning interval at 100 mu m, and spreading a powder layer to be 50 mu m thick. And (3) carrying out selective laser melting by a laser under a low-oxygen environment according to set process parameters and a planned path, and printing layer by layer to finally obtain the 7075 aluminum alloy part.
The metallographic polishing graphs of the 7075 aluminum alloy part formed in the embodiment and the 7075 aluminum alloy part formed without mixing the nano TiN powder are respectively shown in fig. 4a and 4b, and it can be seen from the graphs that the thermal cracks generated when the 7075 aluminum alloy is formed by laser 3D printing are eliminated.
After the compression experiment, the obtained compressive stress-strain curve of the 7075 aluminum alloy part formed in the present example and the 7075 aluminum alloy part formed without mixing the nano TiN powder is shown in FIG. 5, and the compressive strength is increased from 503MPa to 934 MPa.
The experimental result shows that the density of the 7075 aluminum alloy part reaches 97.65 percent, and the 7075 aluminum alloy part is micro-hardDegree of 128HV0.1。
As described above, the present invention can be preferably realized.
The preparation method disclosed by the invention is simple and convenient, has low cost, can effectively reduce the laser reflectivity by mixing the nano TiN powder, plays a role of refining grains in the selective laser melting and forming process, effectively inhibits and backfills hot cracks generated in the forming process, and improves the mechanical properties of parts.
The embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above-described embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and they are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A powder modification method for eliminating thermal cracks of 7075 aluminum alloy formed by laser 3D printing is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: putting 7075 aluminum alloy powder and nano TiN powder into a vacuum drying oven for drying treatment;
step two: putting the powder dried in the step one into an ultrasonic vibrator for ultrasonic vibration dispersion;
step three: placing the powder dispersed in the second step into a V-shaped mixer for mechanical mixing, and screening out powder with the particle size of less than 53 microns to obtain TiN/7075 mixed powder;
step four: and (3) filling the mixed powder of the three TiN/7075 steps into a powder cylinder of laser selective melting 3D printing equipment, vacuumizing a forming chamber, introducing protective atmosphere, and selectively melting a powder layer by a laser according to preset operation parameters and a planned path to finally obtain the 7075 aluminum alloy part.
2. The powder modification method for eliminating the thermal cracks of the 7075 aluminum alloy formed by the laser 3D printing according to claim 1, wherein the nano TiN powder is prepared by a titanium wire electric explosion method in the step one and then is subjected to nitriding treatment, the powder has a spherical shape, the purity is greater than 99.9%, and the median particle diameter D50 is 70-100 nm.
3. The powder modification method for eliminating the thermal cracks of the 7075 aluminum alloy formed by the laser 3D printing as claimed in claim 2, wherein the 7075 aluminum alloy powder in the first step has a median particle diameter D50 of 30-50 μm, and comprises the following chemical components: cu: 1.6 wt.%; mg: 2.6 wt.%; zn: 5.8 wt.%; cr: 0.22 wt.%; si: 0.09 wt.%; fe: 0.07 wt.%; ti: 0.01 wt.%; the balance being Al.
4. The powder modification method for eliminating the thermal cracks of the 7075 aluminum alloy formed by the laser 3D printing as claimed in claim 3, wherein the mass fractions of the 7075 aluminum alloy powder and the nano TiN powder in the first step are respectively as follows: 94-98% and 2-6%.
5. The powder modification method for eliminating the thermal cracks of the 7075 aluminum alloy formed by the laser 3D printing as claimed in claim 4, wherein the drying temperature in the first step is 60-70 ℃, and the drying time is 9-11 h.
6. The powder modification method for eliminating the thermal cracks of the 7075 aluminum alloy formed by the laser 3D printing as claimed in claim 1, wherein the parameters of the ultrasonic vibrator in the second step are set as follows: the output frequency is 30-40 KHz; the ultrasonic power is 90-150W; the vibration mode is continuous; the dispersion time is 30-50 min.
7. The powder modification method for eliminating the thermal cracks of the 7075 aluminum alloy formed by the laser 3D printing as claimed in claim 6, wherein in the ultrasonic vibration dispersion process in the second step, the 7075 aluminum alloy powder and the nano TiN powder are continuously mixed in corresponding mass fraction ratios.
8. The powder modification method for eliminating the thermal cracks of the 7075 aluminum alloy formed by the laser 3D printing according to claim 1, wherein the mechanical mixing time in the V-shaped mixer in the third step is 10-12 hours; the rotating speed of the cylinder is 18-25 rpm.
9. The powder modification method for eliminating the thermal cracks of the 7075 aluminum alloy formed by the laser 3D printing according to claim 8, wherein the cylinder rotating speed in the V-shaped mixer in the third step is 18-25 rpm.
10. The powder modification method for eliminating thermal cracking of 7075 aluminum alloy formed by laser 3D printing according to any one of claims 1-9, wherein the parameters of the selective laser melting 3D printing equipment in the fourth step are set as follows: the laser power is 160-200W; scanning speed: 200-800 mm/s; scanning interval: 80-100 μm; and (3) powder spreading layer thickness: 30 to 50 μm.
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