CN112695220A - Selective laser melting forming nano TiB2Preparation method of reinforced aluminum-based composite material - Google Patents

Selective laser melting forming nano TiB2Preparation method of reinforced aluminum-based composite material Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112695220A
CN112695220A CN202011375114.6A CN202011375114A CN112695220A CN 112695220 A CN112695220 A CN 112695220A CN 202011375114 A CN202011375114 A CN 202011375114A CN 112695220 A CN112695220 A CN 112695220A
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powder
tib
selective laser
nano
laser melting
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Inventor
杜磊
柯林达
肖美立
窦恩惠
赖彩芳
罗志强
李宝辉
戴铮
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Shanghai Space Precision Machinery Research Institute
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Shanghai Space Precision Machinery Research Institute
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/05Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
    • B22F1/0003
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82YSPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y30/00Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C21/00Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/02Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C32/00Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • C22C32/0047Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
    • C22C32/0073Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only borides

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a nano TiB prepared by selective laser melting2A reinforced aluminum matrix composite and a method thereof. The method comprises the following steps: (1) selecting purity>99.9% of high-purity spherical AlSi10Mg powder with a particle size of 15-53 μm; purity of>99.9% of irregular knots with particle size of 50-100nmStructure of TiB2Powder; (2) the two powders are mechanically mixed and uniformly mixed under the condition of not damaging the original characteristics of the matrix powder; (3) and preparing a composite material forming sample with reinforcing phase particles uniform to the aluminum alloy matrix and high density by adopting a selective laser melting forming technology. By adding the nano reinforced particles into the aluminum alloy matrix, the comprehensive mechanical property of the aluminum alloy can be effectively improved under the synergistic strengthening effect of fine grain strengthening and dispersion strengthening.

Description

Selective laser melting forming nano TiB2Preparation method of reinforced aluminum-based composite material
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of laser additive manufacturing, and particularly relates to nano TiB2A reinforced aluminum matrix composite material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Selective Laser Melting (SLM), the leading edge and potential forming technique in the field of additive manufacturing technology, is an important development direction of advanced manufacturing technology. The selective laser melting can shorten the product development period, form parts with complex structures and reduce the personalized customization cost. Meanwhile, due to a rapid fusing mechanism in the selective laser melting process, a microstructure with fine grains can be obtained in the workpiece, and the comprehensive mechanical property of the workpiece is improved.
The aluminum alloy has the advantages of low density, high specific strength, good heat conduction, electric conduction and corrosion resistance, and the like. The laser absorptivity of the aluminum material is low and is only 9%, and the thermal conductivity of the aluminum material is high and reaches 237Wm-1K-1. The low laser absorption rate and the high thermal conductivity cause the low temperature of a molten pool in the forming process, the high viscosity of a metal solution, poor fluidity and easy generation of defects such as pores, cracks and the like after solidification, thereby restricting the development of the technical field of melting of the aluminum alloy in a laser selection area.
TiB2The laser absorption rate is about 80%, and the thermal conductivity is low and is only 25Wm-1K-1Adding nano TiB into the aluminum alloy matrix2The ceramic powder can effectively improve the laser absorption rate of the material and improve the heat distribution in the forming process of the material, and the nano reinforcing particles can be used as a heterogeneous nucleating agent to play a fine grain reinforcing effect, so that the comprehensive mechanical property of the aluminum alloy material is improved.
Therefore, a method suitable for nano TiB is sought2The forming process of the laser selective melting technology of the reinforced aluminum-based composite material and the improvement of the comprehensive mechanical property of an aluminum alloy matrix are problems to be solved urgently by technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a laser selective melting forming nano TiB2The preparation method of the reinforced aluminum-based composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing mixed powder: comprises high-purity spherical AlSi10Mg powder and irregular TiB2Powder;
(2) uniformly mixing the two powders under the condition of not damaging the original characteristics of the matrix powder;
(3) and preparing a composite material forming sample with reinforcing phase particles uniform to the aluminum alloy matrix and high density by adopting a selective laser melting forming technology.
Preferably, in step 1: mixing 1-4 wt.% of nano TiB2Formulating a mixed powder with 96-99 wt.% of an AlSi10Mg powder, wherein: purity of AlSi10Mg powder>99.9 percent, the particle size is 15-53 mu m, and the shape is a high-purity sphere; TiB2Purity of the powder>99.9 percent, the particle size is 50-100nm, and the appearance is an irregular structure.
Preferably, the SLM forming technology is adopted, mixed powder mechanically mixed in the step (2) is used as a printing material, and TiB is manufactured by adjusting laser energy density in the SLM forming technology in a laminated mode2a/AlSi 10Mg composite; wherein: the value range of the laser energy density is 43.86-75.75J/mm-3P is laser power, V is laser scanning speed, H is laser scanning interval, and D is powder laying thickness.
Preferably, the adjustment of the laser energy density in the step (3) is realized by adjusting laser power, laser scanning speed and laser scanning interval; wherein: the value range of the laser power P is 375-425W, the value range of the laser scanning speed V is 1100-1500mm/s, and the value range of the scanning interval H is 0.15-0.19 mm.
Preferably, the process parameters of the mechanical mixing are as follows: the powder mixing speed is 12rpm, and the powder mixing time is 120-280 min.
Preferably, in the step (3), high-purity argon is introduced into the forming cavity for protection during selective laser melting forming.
The technical scheme of the invention is based on the selective laser melting forming technology, and compared with the prior art, the selective laser melting forming method has the following effects:
(1) mechanical powder mixing is carried out by adopting a mechanical powder mixing device, and the nano TiB2The reinforcing particles are uniformly dispersed in the aluminum alloy matrix powder without deteriorating the original characteristics of the matrix powder. And irradiating the powder bed by high-energy laser, melting and solidifying the powder, and forming layer by layer to finally realize the formation of the three-dimensional solid component.
(2) In the selective laser melting process, the nano TiB2The reinforced particles become nucleation particles, so that the nucleation rate is improved, and the fine grains are reinforced. In addition, the nano TiB is dispersed and distributed2The reinforcing particles can have a dispersion strengthening effect. The nanometer TiB prepared by selective laser melting is obtained by the synergistic strengthening effect of fine grain strengthening and dispersion strengthening2The reinforced aluminum-based composite material has good comprehensive mechanical properties.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a micrograph of a mixed powder in example 1;
FIG. 2 shows the preparation of nano TiB by selective laser melting in example 12XOZ optical microscopic picture of the reinforced aluminum matrix composite material sample;
fig. 3 is a flow chart of a method of implementing an embodiment.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and various embodiments, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto;
example 1
Selective laser melting nano TiB2The preparation method of the particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: mixed powder of purity>99.9 percent, the particle size is 15-53 mu m, the morphology is high-purity spherical AlSi10Mg powder, and the purity is>99.9 percent of TiB with particle size of 50-100nm and irregular morphology2Powder composition, mixing of TiB in powder2The mass fraction of (1 wt.%), and fig. 1 shows the morphology of the composite powder after mixing;
step two: and (3) putting the mixed powder obtained in the step (1) into a mixing barrel. The powder mixing is carried out by rotating forward for 30min at the rotation speed of 12rpm, rotating backward for 30min at the rotation speed of 12rpm, repeating the steps once and mixing the powder for 120 min.
Step three: and (3) putting the mixed composite powder into an oven, wherein the powder drying temperature is 120 ℃, the powder drying time is 3 hours, and cooling along with the oven.
Step four: establishing a three-dimensional digital model of a sample to be processed, and performing layered slicing on the model by using layered software;
step five: and taking the composite powder baked in the third step as a raw material for selective laser melting forming, introducing high-purity argon into a forming cavity for protection, wherein the laser power is 400W, the scanning speed is 1500mm/s, the scanning distance is 0.17mm, and the powder spreading thickness is 0.03 mm.
FIG. 2 is a metallographic photograph of an XOZ plane (i.e., a direction perpendicular to a substrate) of a sample under a process with a laser power P of 400W and a scanning speed v of 1500mm/s, and it can be seen that a high-density formed sample can be prepared under the process parameters, and TiB2Reinforcing phase is uniformly distributed in the AlSi101Mg matrix, and finally the obtained nano TiB2The room temperature mechanical properties of the particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite are detailed in table 1.
Example 2
Selective laser melting nano TiB2The preparation method of the particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: mixed powder of purity>99.9% and the particle size is 15-53 μmHigh purity spherical AlSi10Mg powder, and purity>99.9 percent of TiB with particle size of 50-100nm and irregular morphology2Powder composition, mixing of TiB in powder2The mass fraction of (a) is 2 wt.%.
Step two: and (3) putting the mixed powder obtained in the step (1) into a mixing barrel. The powder mixing is carried out by rotating forwards for 50min at 12rpm and reversely for 50min at 12rpm, repeating the steps for one time to mix the powder for 200min,
step three: and (3) putting the mixed composite powder into an oven, wherein the powder drying temperature is 120 ℃, the powder drying time is 3 hours, and cooling along with the oven.
Step four: establishing a three-dimensional digital model of a sample to be processed, and performing layered slicing on the model by using layered software;
step five: and taking the composite powder baked in the third step as a raw material for selective laser melting forming, introducing high-purity argon into a forming cavity for protection, wherein the laser power is 400W, the scanning speed is 1300mm/s, the scanning distance is 0.19mm, and the powder spreading thickness is 0.03 mm.
Finally obtained nano TiB2The room temperature mechanical properties of the particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite are detailed in table 1.
Example 3
Selective laser melting nano TiB2The preparation method of the particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: mixed powder of purity>99.9 percent, the particle size is 15-53 mu m, the morphology is high-purity spherical AlSi10Mg powder, and the purity is>99.9 percent of TiB with particle size of 50-100nm and irregular morphology2Powder composition, mixing of TiB in powder2The mass fraction of (a) is 3 wt.%.
Step two: and (3) putting the mixed powder obtained in the step (1) into a mixing barrel. The powder mixing is carried out by rotating forward for 70min at the rotation speed of 12rpm, rotating backward for 70min at the rotation speed of 12rpm, repeating the steps once and mixing the powder for 280 min.
Step three: and (3) putting the mixed composite powder into an oven, wherein the powder drying temperature is 120 ℃, the powder drying time is 3 hours, and cooling along with the oven.
Step four: establishing a three-dimensional digital model of a sample to be processed, and performing layered slicing on the model by using layered software;
step five: and taking the composite powder baked in the third step as a raw material for selective laser melting forming, introducing high-purity argon into a forming cavity for protection, wherein the laser power is 400W, the scanning speed is 1300mm/s, the scanning distance is 0.19mm, and the powder spreading thickness is 0.03 mm.
Finally obtained nano TiB2The room temperature mechanical properties of the particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite are detailed in table 1.
Comparative example 1
The method comprises the following steps: putting high-purity spherical AlSi10Mg powder with the purity of 99.9 percent and the particle size of 15-53 mu m and the appearance of high-purity spherical AlSi10Mg into an oven, wherein the powder drying temperature is 120 ℃, the powder drying time is 3h, and cooling along with the oven;
step two: establishing a three-dimensional digital model of a sample to be processed, and performing layered slicing on the model by using layered software;
step three: and (3) taking the composite powder baked in the step one as a raw material for selective laser melting forming, introducing high-purity argon into a forming cavity for protection, wherein the laser power is 400W, the scanning speed is 1300mm/s, the scanning distance is 0.19mm, and the powder spreading thickness is 0.03 mm.
The room temperature mechanical properties of the finally obtained AlSi10Mg are detailed in table 1.
TABLE 1 mechanical properties at room temperature of examples and comparative examples
Parameter(s) Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Comparative example 1
Tensile strength 438 440 394 420
Elongation percentage 11 9.5 4.5 5.5
As can be seen from Table 1, the nano TiB prepared by the embodiment of the invention2Adding nano TiB with proper proportion into particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material2Can obviously improve the comprehensive mechanical property of the aluminum alloy material, and can be used as TiB2When the content is 1 wt.%, the elongation is lower than that without adding the nano TiB2The aluminum alloy is doubled, and the tensile strength is improved slightly. When TiB2At contents up to 3 wt.%, both tensile strength and elongation appear to decrease.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.

Claims (6)

1. Selective laser melting forming nano TiB2The preparation method of the reinforced aluminum-based composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing mixed powder: comprises high-purity spherical AlSi10Mg powder and irregular TiB2Powder;
(2) uniformly mixing the two powders under the condition of not damaging the original characteristics of the matrix powder;
(3) and preparing a composite material forming sample with reinforcing phase particles uniform to the aluminum alloy matrix and high density by adopting a selective laser melting forming technology.
2. The selective laser melting nano-TiB as claimed in claim 12The preparation method of the reinforced aluminum matrix composite material is characterized in that in the step 1: mixing 1-4 wt.% of nano TiB2Formulating a mixed powder with 96-99 wt.% of an AlSi10Mg powder, wherein: purity of AlSi10Mg powder>99.9 percent, the particle size is 15-53 mu m, and the shape is a high-purity sphere; TiB2Purity of the powder>99.9 percent, the particle size is 50-100nm, and the appearance is an irregular structure.
3. The selective laser melting nano-TiB as claimed in claim 12The preparation method of the reinforced aluminum-based composite material is characterized in that an SLM forming technology is adopted, mixed powder which is mechanically mixed in the step (2) is used as a printing material, and TiB is manufactured in a laminated mode by adjusting laser energy density in the SLM forming technology2a/AlSi 10Mg composite; wherein: the value range of the laser energy density is 43.86-75.75J/mm-3P is laser power, V is laser scanning speed, H is laser scanning interval, and D is powder laying thickness.
4. The selective laser melting nano-TiB as claimed in claim 32The preparation method of the reinforced aluminum matrix composite is characterized in that the adjustment of the laser energy density in the step (3) is realized by adjusting the laser power, the laser scanning speed and the laser scanning interval; wherein: the value range of the laser power P is 375-425W, the value range of the laser scanning speed V is 1100-1500mm/s, and the value range of the scanning interval H is 0.15-0.19 mm.
5. The selective laser melting process for preparing nano TiB as claimed in claim 32The method for reinforcing the aluminum matrix composite is characterized in that the mechanical mixing process parameters are as follows: the powder mixing speed is 12rpm, and the powder mixing time is 120-280 min.
6. The selective laser melting process for preparing nano TiB as claimed in claim 32The method for reinforcing the aluminum-based composite material is characterized in that in the step (3), high-purity argon is introduced into a forming cavity for protection in the selective laser melting forming process.
CN202011375114.6A 2020-11-30 2020-11-30 Selective laser melting forming nano TiB2Preparation method of reinforced aluminum-based composite material Pending CN112695220A (en)

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Cited By (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113798501A (en) * 2021-08-10 2021-12-17 西安理工大学 Nano Al2O3Reinforced 3D printing aluminum-based composite material and preparation method thereof
CN114192799A (en) * 2021-12-07 2022-03-18 重庆大学 Selective laser melting forming Inconel718 composite material and preparation method thereof
CN114350998A (en) * 2021-12-01 2022-04-15 华南理工大学 High-performance two-phase hybrid reinforced aluminum matrix composite and preparation method thereof
CN114769619A (en) * 2022-03-08 2022-07-22 南京理工大学 Laser additive manufacturing method for high-toughness titanium-based composite material with multiple reaction systems
CN116900306A (en) * 2023-09-14 2023-10-20 内蒙古工业大学 AlSi10Mg/ZrO 2 Composite metal powder and forming process thereof

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CN107774996A (en) * 2017-10-11 2018-03-09 华中科技大学 A kind of integral forming method of the part of more material gradient lattice structures
CN108315577A (en) * 2018-02-02 2018-07-24 上海交通大学 Laser gain material manufacture 7XXX systems in-situ Al-base composition powder and preparation
CN108330347A (en) * 2018-02-05 2018-07-27 上海交通大学 The preparation method of aluminum matrix composite is prepared based on selective laser fusing
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CN105014073A (en) * 2015-08-18 2015-11-04 上海航天精密机械研究所 TC4 titanium alloy laser selective melting material additive manufacturing and heat treatment method
WO2019050973A1 (en) * 2017-09-05 2019-03-14 University Of Utah Research Foundation Methods and systems for 3d printing with powders
CN107760933A (en) * 2017-09-11 2018-03-06 南京航空航天大学 A kind of 3D printing strengthens Al alloy powder and preparation method thereof with in-situ nano complex phase ceramic
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Cited By (6)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113798501A (en) * 2021-08-10 2021-12-17 西安理工大学 Nano Al2O3Reinforced 3D printing aluminum-based composite material and preparation method thereof
CN114350998A (en) * 2021-12-01 2022-04-15 华南理工大学 High-performance two-phase hybrid reinforced aluminum matrix composite and preparation method thereof
CN114192799A (en) * 2021-12-07 2022-03-18 重庆大学 Selective laser melting forming Inconel718 composite material and preparation method thereof
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CN116900306A (en) * 2023-09-14 2023-10-20 内蒙古工业大学 AlSi10Mg/ZrO 2 Composite metal powder and forming process thereof

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Application publication date: 20210423