CN110973052A - 一种环保育肥猪养殖方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种环保育肥猪养殖方法,利用全株玉米青贮及农产品加工后的废弃物作为主要原料进行肥育猪养殖,梯次提高添加比例,降低饲料中高蛋白饲料成分的应用,避免矿物质和抗生素的添加,适当延长育肥猪的出栏时间,降低生产成本,生产高品质的猪肉产品,减免猪肉产品和粪污中重金属和抗生素残留,减少氮、磷的排放,实现经济健康环保的生猪养殖。创新之处在于将全株玉米青贮用于生猪生产中,充分利用农作物下脚料减少投入、降低饲料蛋白含量减少有害物质排放、不使用添加剂和抗生素、提高猪自身的抵抗力适当延长生长期,生产高品质猪肉产品。该技术可有效降低养殖成本,生产优质猪肉产品,是一项环保经济的技术发明。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于畜牧健康养殖技术领域,涉及一种育肥猪的环保健康养殖的技术方法。
背景技术
我国是全球养猪和猪肉消费大国,每年生猪出栏约4.3亿头。随着养殖规模的扩大和集约化养殖的发展,养猪业出现许多新的问题,养殖密度不断加大、高蛋白饲料的大量投喂、猪只健康状况每况愈下、粪污污染对环境的破坏、环保压力成本上升、人猪争粮矛盾加大、猪肉产品质量下降、猪周期的影响等等都给养猪业带来新的困难,使养猪业难以持续健康发展。如何破解这些发展难题,运用环保经济的办法推动养猪业的健康持续发展目前还没有一种可行的技术方法和具体措施。我国的玉米种植面积近年来持续上升超过美国为全球第一种植国家,2018年为6.23亿亩,每年产生的新鲜玉米秸秆量约有25亿吨左右,大量的秸秆不合理的使用和焚烧也给环境造成很大的压力。全株青贮玉米由于具有很好的营养价值、适口性好近年在草食畜牧业上被广泛应用,但在养猪业中还未涉及,也没有成熟的配方和方法供生猪养殖应用。本发明是是响应国家秸秆资源化利用和粮改饲政策的要求,利用我国种植的玉米资源加工成全株青贮饲料及农产品加工后的废弃物作为主要原料进行肥育猪养殖。全株青贮玉米营养全面、且含有丰富的矿物质、维生素和粗纤维,可以完全代替传统饲料,丰富的粗纤维可以促进猪的消化吸收,避免矿物质和抗生素的添加,降低生产成本,生产高品质的猪肉产品,减免猪肉产品和粪污中重金属和抗生素残留,减少氮、磷的排放,实现经济健康环保的生猪养殖。本发明的创新之处在于将全株青贮玉米应用于养猪业,添加比例可高达80%,充分利用农作物加工的下脚料配制饲料减少投入、梯次提高添加比例,适度降低饲料中蛋白含量、减少有害物质排放、适当延长生长期提高猪自身的抵抗力、不使用添加剂和抗生素,达到生产高品质猪肉产品和环保的目的。本方法育肥猪每斤饲料成本与现有技术相比降低30%以上,没有重金属和抗生素的残留和排放,氮、磷排放减少40%以上,猪肉产品的品质得到保证。因此本发明是一项环保经济的技术发明,具有非常大的应用空间。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于养殖健康的猪,提供绿色的肉。充分利用玉米秸秆资源及农产品加工后的废弃物作为主要原料进行肥育猪养殖,梯次提高添加比例,降低饲料中高蛋白饲料成分的应用,避免矿物质和抗生素的添加,适当延长育肥猪的出栏时间,降低生产成本,生产高品质的猪肉产品,减免猪肉产品和粪污中重金属和抗生素残留,减少氮、磷的排放,实现经济健康环保的生猪养殖。本发明的创新之处在于将全株青贮玉米应用于肥育猪养殖,添加比例可高达80%,充分利用农作物下脚料减少投入、降低饲料蛋白含量、减少有害物质排放、不使用添加剂和抗生素、提高猪自身的抵抗力适当延长生长期,生产高品质猪肉产品。
本发明所采用的技术方案是按照以下步骤进行:
步骤1:按常规步骤将仔猪培育到25Kg以上转入育肥圈舍。
步骤2:用玉米、麸皮、豆渣按比例配制精料(比例见表Ⅰ),粉碎待用。
步骤3:将青贮好的全株青贮玉米根据需要的量用锤片式粉碎机粉碎待用。
步骤4:将精料和粉碎的青贮玉米混合均匀放在饲喂槽中饲喂。
表Ⅰ 饲料配方及饲喂量
仔猪体重kg | 全株青贮玉米% | 玉米% | 麸皮% | 豆渣% | 每天饲喂量kg/头 | 饲喂总量kg | 饲喂天数 |
25~35 | 20 | 35 | 30 | 15 | 1.0~1.5 | 40 | 30 |
35~60 | 40 | 30 | 20 | 10 | 1.5~2.5 | 100 | 45 |
60~90 | 60 | 25 | 10 | 5 | 2.5~3.0 | 120 | 40 |
90~110 | 80 | 12 | 5 | 3 | 3.0~3.5 | 100 | 25 |
进一步,步骤2中表Ⅰ中的每天饲喂量是参考数量,具体饲喂量可根据实际调整。进一步,步骤3中青贮玉米是按全株青贮计算的,要求青贮是切碎成段的青贮,最好不要使用柔丝的青贮,如是柔丝青贮最好切短后再粉碎,否则柔丝的青贮在粉碎时会缠绕成团,影响粉碎效果,同时柔丝的青贮纤维太长不利于采食。
进一步,步骤3中青贮现取现加工,不得饲喂放置过夜的青贮,避免青贮二次发酵、影响饲喂效果。如需放置时间较长或长途运输可将配制好的饲料立即真空包装后储存和运输。此方法也可作为青贮猪饲料的加工方法进行批量生产。
进一步,步骤4中每天饲喂后将食槽中吃剩的饲料要进行清理,并根据剩余的情况增减投喂量。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施方式对本发明进行详细说明。
步骤1:按常规步骤将仔猪培育到25Kg以上转入育肥圈舍,适应一周时间。
步骤2:用玉米、麸皮、豆渣按比例配制精料(比例见表Ⅰ),粉碎待用。
步骤3:将青贮好的全株青贮玉米根据需要的量用锤片式粉碎机粉碎待用。
步骤4:将精料和粉碎的青贮玉米混合均匀放在饲喂槽中饲喂。
本发明是利用玉米青贮及农产品加工后的废弃物作为主要原料进行肥育猪养殖,梯次提高添加比例,降低饲料中高蛋白饲料成分的应用,避免矿物质和抗生素的添加,适当延长育肥猪的出栏时间,降低生产成本,生产高品质的猪肉产品,减免粪污中重金属和抗生素残留,减少氮、磷的排放,实现经济健康环保的生猪养殖。本发明的创新之处在于将全株玉米青贮用于养猪生产中,添加比例高达80%,充分利用农作物下脚料减少投入、降低饲料蛋白含量减少有害物质排放、不使用添加剂和抗生素、提高猪自身的抵抗力适当延长生长期,生产高品质猪肉产品。本发明可有效降低养殖成本,生产优质猪肉产品,是一项环保经济的技术发明。本发明提供的技术方法也可作为青贮猪饲料的批量生产加工方法。
以上所述仅是对本发明的较佳实施方式而已,并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制,凡是依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施方式所做的任何简单修改,等同变化与修饰,均属于本发明技术方案的范围内。
Claims (5)
1.一种环保育肥猪养殖方法,其特征在于按照以下步骤进行:
步骤1:按常规步骤将仔猪培育到25Kg以上转入育肥圈舍。
步骤2:用玉米、麸皮、豆渣按比例配制精料(比例见表Ⅰ),粉碎待用。
步骤3:将青贮好的全株青贮玉米根据需要的量用锤片式粉碎机粉碎待用。
步骤4:将精料和粉碎的青贮玉米混合均匀放在饲喂槽中饲喂。
表Ⅰ 饲料配方及饲喂量
2.按照权利要求1所述一种环保育肥猪养殖方法,其特征在于:所述步骤2中表Ⅰ的每天饲喂量是参考数量,具体饲喂量可根据实际调整。
3.按照权利要求1所述一种环保育肥猪养殖方法,其特征在于:所述步骤3青贮玉米是按全株青贮计算的,要求青贮是切碎成段的青贮,最好不要使用柔丝的青贮,如是柔丝青贮最好切断后再粉碎,否则柔丝的青贮在粉碎时会缠绕成团,影响粉碎效果,同时柔丝的青贮纤维太长不利于采食。
4.按照权利要求1所述一种环保育肥猪养殖方法,其特征在于:所述步骤4中青贮现取现加工,不得饲喂放置过夜的青贮,避免青贮二次发酵、影响饲喂效果。如需放置时间较长或长途运输可将配制好的饲料立即真空包装后储存和运输。此方法也可作为青贮猪饲料的加工方法进行批量生产。
5.按照权利要求1所述一种环保育肥猪养殖方法,其特征在于:所述步骤4中每天饲喂后将食槽中吃剩的饲料要进行清理,并根据剩余的情况增减投喂量。
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