CN110971006A - Parallel autonomous electromagnetic field double-coupling wireless power transmission system - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract
The invention discloses a parallel autonomous electromagnetic field double-coupling wireless power transmission system, which comprises a fractional order transmitting circuit, a fractional order parallel receiving circuit and a load, wherein the fractional order transmitting circuit is connected with the fractional order parallel receiving circuit; the fractional order transmitting circuit is composed of a primary side fractional order inductance coil with the order more than 1, a first single-end coupling capacitor metal polar plate, a primary side fractional order compensation capacitor with the order less than or equal to 1 and a second single-end coupling capacitor metal polar plate which are connected in series; the fractional order parallel receiving circuit is composed of a secondary fractional order inductance coil with the order less than or equal to 1, a third single-ended coupling capacitance metal pole plate, a secondary fractional order compensation capacitance with the order less than or equal to 1 and a fourth single-ended coupling capacitance metal pole plate which are connected in parallel. According to the invention, a high-frequency power supply is not required to be added, the load is powered by coupling of the electric field and the magnetic field, the smaller the load conductance is, the larger the output power and the constant operation interval of the system are, and the degree of freedom of parameter selection is increased by adopting the fractional order element.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wireless power transmission, in particular to a parallel autonomous electromagnetic field double-coupling wireless power transmission system.
Background
According to different power transmission implementation mechanisms and modes, wireless power transmission technologies can be broadly classified into magnetic field coupling type wireless power transmission technologies, electric field coupling type wireless power transmission technologies, and microwave type wireless power transmission technologies. The microwave type has a long transmission distance, but has a very low efficiency, low power and serious dissipation, and is applied less at present. In practical applications, magnetic field coupling type and electric field coupling type have been studied in recent years because of their high transmission power and high efficiency. However, the transmission performance of both of these two methods is severely limited by the transmission distance. With the increase of the distance, the transmission efficiency will be greatly reduced, which is not beneficial to the practical application of the system. At present, the transmission distance of electric field coupling type wireless power transmission is mostly on the order of centimeters, and the transmission distance of magnetic field coupling type wireless power transmission is mostly on the order of tens of centimeters. How to effectively increase the distance of wireless power transmission and maintain the high efficiency of the system is an important problem facing the technology at present.
At present, conventional space electric field coupling type and magnetic field coupling type wireless power transmission systems may be classified into a series-series type, a series-parallel type, a parallel-series type, and a parallel-parallel type according to connection modes of inductors and capacitors. The transmitting circuit adopts a series connection suitable for a voltage source type inverter as a power supply to supply electric energy, and the receiving circuit adopts a series connection suitable for a current source type inverter as a power supply to supply electric energy. The receiving circuit is connected in series and is suitable for the application occasions of high-power loads, such as electric automobiles and the like, while the receiving circuit is connected in parallel and is suitable for the application occasions of low-power loads, such as consumer electronics products, such as mobile phones and the like, and different connection modes have great research significance and practical application value.
The concept of fractional order elements (i.e., fractional order inductance and fractional order capacitance) is derived from fractional order calculus. In fact, the inductance and capacitance elements of integer order do not exist in nature, but the fractional order of the inductance and capacitance adopted at present is close to 1. With the continuous and deep knowledge of the inductance and capacitance characteristics, the fractional order influence of the inductance and capacitance characteristics is considered, or the fractional order of the inductance and capacitance characteristics is purposefully utilized to improve the circuit performance, and the fractional order characteristics have proved to be more advantageous than the integer order components in some application occasions, such as the application in impedance matching circuits.
However, the application of the fractional order element in the electric field and magnetic field coupling wireless power transmission system is never mentioned, and the transmission efficiency of the existing electric field and magnetic field coupling wireless power transmission system is greatly influenced by the transmission distance, and generally the transmission efficiency is greatly reduced along with the increase of the distance, which is not beneficial to the practical application of the system. In addition, the resonant frequency of the resonator in the electric field and magnetic field coupling wireless power transmission system is easily shifted under the influence of ambient temperature, load, surrounding metal objects or electromagnetic environment. And the degree of freedom of system parameter design is small, the adjustable factors of output power and transmission efficiency are few, the system is easily limited by a high-frequency inverter power supply technology, and the wireless electric energy transmission with small power and long distance is difficult to realize.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a parallel autonomous electromagnetic field double-coupling wireless electric energy transmission system based on fractional order inductance, which utilizes a primary fractional order inductance coil with the order more than 1, a primary fractional order compensation capacitor with the order less than or equal to 1 and a fractional order parallel receiving circuit to form the autonomous system, so that the primary fractional order inductance coil provides energy for the whole fractional order electromagnetic field double-coupling wireless electric energy transmission system and participates in magnetic field coupling to transmit energy to a secondary fractional order inductance coil, and when the order is kept fixed, the working frequency and the inductance value of the primary fractional order inductance coil can automatically change along with system parameters so as to realize double constancy of system transmission efficiency and output power, thereby not only realizing the common energy transmission of an electric field and a magnetic field, but also greatly increasing the transmission distance and efficiency of the traditional electric field coupling and magnetic field coupling wireless electric energy transmission, the dimensionality of system parameter design is increased, and the inherent bottleneck problems of efficiency reduction or unstable output power caused by resonance frequency deviation, electric field coupling coefficient and mutual inductance coupling coefficient change of the traditional electric field coupling, magnetic field coupling and electromagnetic field double-coupling wireless power transmission system are solved. And the smaller the conductance of the parallel load is, the longer the critical distance of constant operation of output power and transmission efficiency is, the more the working interval of high-efficiency and stable operation of the system is greatly widened, and the remote wireless charging application of low-power products such as consumer electronics and implantable medical equipment is facilitated.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: a parallel autonomous electromagnetic field double-coupling wireless power transmission system comprises a fractional order transmitting circuit, a fractional order parallel receiving circuit and a load, wherein the fractional order parallel receiving circuit is connected with the load; the fractional order transmitting circuit is composed of a primary side fractional order inductance coil with the order greater than 1, a first single-end coupling capacitor metal polar plate, a primary side fractional order compensation capacitor with the order less than or equal to 1 and a second single-end coupling capacitor metal polar plate which are connected in series; the primary side fractional order inductance coil has the property of negative resistance, provides energy for the whole system, participates in magnetic field coupling to transfer energy to the fractional order parallel receiving circuit, and when the order is kept fixed, the working frequency and the inductance value of the primary side fractional order inductance coil can automatically follow the change of system parameters, so that the transmission efficiency and the output power of the system have strong robustness to the change of the system parameters and are constant; the apparent power of the primary side fractional order inductance coil is constant, and the primary side fractional order inductance coil has two working modes: the fractional order inductance coil has a constant order, the working frequency and the inductance value automatically follow the change of system parameters to keep the fractional order inductance coil to work stably, and the working frequency is fixed, and the order and the inductance value automatically follow the change of the system parameters to keep the fractional order inductance coil to work stably; the fractional order parallel receiving circuit is composed of a secondary fractional order inductance coil with the order less than or equal to 1, a third single-ended coupling capacitance metal pole plate, a secondary fractional order compensation capacitance with the order less than or equal to 1 and a fourth single-ended coupling capacitance metal pole plate which are connected in parallel, a coupling interval with constant output power and transmission efficiency depends on load conductance, the smaller the load conductance is, the longer the critical coupling distance is, and the long-distance wireless power supply of a low-power load is facilitated; the first single-ended coupling capacitor metal polar plate and the third single-ended coupling capacitor metal polar plate are matched into a pair of interactive coupling capacitor metal polar plates, and the second single-ended coupling capacitor metal polar plate and the fourth single-ended coupling capacitor metal polar plate are matched into another pair of interactive coupling capacitor metal polar plates; the primary side fractional order inductance coil and the secondary side fractional order inductance coil transfer electric energy through magnetic field coupling, meanwhile, displacement current is generated between each two pairs of coupling capacitance metal pole plates, electric energy is transferred through electric field coupling, coupling mechanisms generated by the two coupling modes are mutually overlapped, and wireless power supply is carried out on a load.
Further, the differential relation between the voltage and the current of the primary side fractional order inductance coil and the secondary side fractional order inductance coil satisfies the following conditions:
the phase relation satisfies:
wherein iLnIs the current of a fractional order inductor uLnIs the voltage of a fractional order inductor, LβnIs the inductance value of the fractional order inductor,
is the phase of a fractional order inductor, βnIs the order of a fractional order inductor, and 1<β1<2，0<β21, where n-1 or 2 denotes a transmitting circuit or a receiving circuit, respectively.
Further, the differential relation between the voltage and the current of the primary side fractional order compensation capacitor and the secondary side fractional order compensation capacitor meets the following requirements:
the phase relation satisfies:
wherein iCnFor compensating the current of the capacitor in fractional order, uCnCompensating the voltage of the capacitor for fractional order, CαnIs the capacitance value of the fractional order compensation capacitor,
compensating the phase of the capacitor for fractional order, αnCompensating the order of the capacitance for fractional order, and 0<αn1, where n-1 or 2 denotes a transmitting circuit or a receiving circuit, respectively.
Further, when the order of the primary side fractional order inductance coil and the secondary side fractional order inductance coil is 1, the primary side fractional order inductance coil and the secondary side fractional order inductance coil are integer order inductance coils; when the order of the primary side fractional order compensation capacitor and the secondary side fractional order compensation capacitor is 1, the primary side fractional order compensation capacitor and the secondary side fractional order compensation capacitor are integer order capacitors.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. meanwhile, two transmission modes of electric field coupling and magnetic field coupling are utilized to wirelessly supply power to the load, so that the transmission efficiency of the system is improved compared with that of the traditional electric field coupling and magnetic field coupling wireless power transmission system, the transmission distance is increased, and long-distance and stable wireless power transmission is realized.
2. The space electric field and magnetic field double-coupling wireless power transmission realized by adopting the fractional order element is completely different from the traditional electric field and magnetic field coupling wireless power transmission system, the freedom degree of parameter selection is increased, and the system design is facilitated.
3. The system has simple structure, does not need to be additionally provided with a high-frequency power supply, and gets rid of the development limitation of the high-frequency power supply technology.
4. The transmission efficiency and the output power of the system are insensitive to the change of the transmission distance, and stable wireless power transmission can be realized.
5. The transmission efficiency and output power of the system can automatically adapt to the changes of the electric field coupling coefficient, the mutual inductance coupling coefficient and the resonant frequency.
6. The primary side fractional order inductance coil provides energy for the whole system, and simultaneously participates in magnetic field coupling to transfer energy to the secondary side fractional order inductance coil.
7. The smaller the load conductance is, the larger the output power and system constant operation interval is, which is beneficial to the long-distance wireless power supply of low-power loads, and further widens the application prospect of the wireless power transmission technology in low-power products such as consumer electronics and implantable medical equipment.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a specific system structure provided in the embodiment.
Fig. 2 is an equivalent circuit schematic diagram of a specific system provided in the embodiment.
Detailed Description
To further illustrate the content and features of the present invention, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the invention is not limited thereto.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the parallel autonomous electromagnetic field double-coupling wireless power transmission system provided in this embodiment includes a fractional order transmitting circuit, a fractional order parallel receiving circuit, and a load RLThe fractional order parallel receiving circuit and the load RLConnecting; the fractional order transmitting circuit is composed of a primary side fractional order inductance coil L with the order more than 1 which is connected in seriesβ1A first single-end coupling capacitor metal polar plate, a primary side fractional order compensation capacitor C with the order less than or equal to 1α1And a second single-ended coupling capacitor metal plate; the primary side fractional order inductance coil Lβ1The magnetic field coupling energy transmission circuit has the property of negative resistance, and participates in magnetic field coupling to transmit energy to a fractional order parallel receiving circuit while providing energy for the whole system, and when the order is kept fixed, the working frequency and the inductance value of the magnetic field coupling energy transmission circuit can automatically follow the change of system parameters, so that the transmission efficiency and the output power of the system have strong robustness to the change of the system parameters and are constant; the primary side fractional order inductance coil Lβ1Has two operating modes: the fractional order inductance coil has a constant order, the working frequency and the inductance value automatically follow the change of system parameters to keep the fractional order inductance coil to work stably, and the working frequency is fixed, and the order and the inductance value automatically follow the change of the system parameters to keep the fractional order inductance coil to work stably; the fractional order parallel receiving circuit comprises a secondary side fractional order inductance coil L which is connected in parallel and has the order less than or equal to 1β2A third single-end coupling capacitor metal polar plate, a secondary side fractional order compensation capacitor C with the order less than or equal to 1α2And a fourth single-end coupling capacitor metal plate, and outputThe coupling interval with constant power and transmission efficiency depends on load conductance, the smaller the load conductance is, the longer the critical coupling distance is, thus being beneficial to the long-distance wireless power supply of low-power loads and further widening the application prospect of the wireless power transmission technology in low-power products such as consumer electronics and implantable medical equipment; the first single-ended coupling capacitor metal polar plate and the third single-ended coupling capacitor metal polar plate are matched into a pair of interactive coupling capacitor metal polar plates Cc1The second single-end coupling capacitor metal polar plate and the fourth single-end coupling capacitor metal polar plate are matched into another pair of interactive coupling capacitor metal polar plates Cc2(ii) a The primary side fractional order inductance coil Lβ1And secondary fractional order inductance coil Lβ2The two pairs of coupling capacitor metal polar plates C transmit electric energy through magnetic field couplingc1、Cc2Displacement current is generated between the two, electric energy is transmitted through electric field coupling, and coupling mechanisms generated by the two coupling modes are mutually superposed to form a load RLAnd performing wireless power supply.
The order and inductance of the primary side fractional order inductor and the secondary side fractional order inductor are β respectively1、β2And Lβ1、Lβ2The order and capacity of the primary side fractional order compensation capacitor and the secondary side fractional order compensation capacitor are α1、α2And Cα1、Cα2. Impedance expressions of the primary side fractional order inductance coil, the primary side fractional order compensation capacitor, the secondary side fractional order inductance coil and the secondary side fractional order compensation capacitor are respectively as follows:
as can be seen from the above impedance expression, the fractional order inductance coil can be equivalent to a series connection of an integer order resistance and an integer order inductance which change with the operating frequency and the order, and the fractional order compensation capacitance can be equivalent to a series connection of an integer order resistance and an integer order capacitance which change with the operating frequency and the order, that is:
according to the coupled mode theory, the coupled mode equation of the system is as follows:
in the formula, a1And a2The energy storage method is characterized by comprising the following steps of (1) defining a complex variable stored by a primary side resonant circuit and a secondary side resonant circuit, wherein the square of a module value of the complex variable represents the energy stored by the resonant circuit, and the specific expression is as follows:
in the formula i1And i2Current of the transmitting circuit and current of the receiving circuit, u, respectivelyCα1_eqAnd uCα2_eqThe voltage of imaginary part impedance components of the primary side fractional order compensation capacitor and the secondary side fractional order compensation capacitor are respectively.
g1、τ2LEach being a transmitting circuitGain ratio and total loss ratio of the receiving circuit, and g1＝-(τCα1+τLβ1)，τ2L＝τCα2+τLβ2+τLIn which τ isCα1、τLβ1、τCα2、τLβ2、τLThe specific expressions are as follows:
ω1、ω2the resonant angular frequencies of the transmitter and receiver, respectively, are expressed as follows:
from the above formula, the resonance angular frequency of the system depends not only on the inductance value of the fractional order inductance coil and the capacitance value of the fractional order compensation capacitor, but also on the orders of the fractional order inductance coil and the fractional order compensation capacitor, whereas the resonance angular frequency of the conventional integer order electric field and magnetic field coupling wireless power transmission system is determined only by the inductance value and the capacitance value.
here, the first and second liquid crystal display panels are,
Cc1and Cc2Is an equivalent capacitance of a single pair of coupled metal plates, generally having Cc1≈Cc2S is the area of the plate, d is the transmission distance, and kc、km<<1。
The condition for solving the existence of the steady state solution of the system according to the coupling mode equation is as follows:
further, it can be obtained from the formulae (1) and (11):
the transmission efficiency of the system can be obtained by the following general formula:
the output power is generally expressed as:
wherein:
in the formula ILβ1Is the effective current value of the primary fractional order inductor.
The working frequency of the system can be solved by the formula (1) as follows:
when the primary side fractional order inductor works in a mode with a fixed order, β is made1＝β0Is constant, the range of the electric field and mutual inductance coupling coefficient sum (also called electromagnetic field coupling coefficient) when the primary fractional order inductance order of the system obtained by the above formula is fixed is:
k0is the critical operating point of the system. When k isc+km<k0When the primary side fractional order inductor works in the order fixing mode, otherwise, the primary side fractional order inductor can not work stably without working frequency solution, so that the primary side fractional order inductor is automatically switched to the working frequency fixing mode, namely, omega is equal to omega2。
When k isc+km≥k0While the primary side fractional order inductor operates in the fixed order mode β1＝β0Let kmaxMaximum electromagnetic field coupling coefficient designed for the system. According to the equations (3) to (11), it can be found that when the system parameter satisfies the following equation:
then τL/τ2LIs approximately constant and the transmission efficiency can be approximated as:
the output power is approximately:
SLβ1is the apparent power of the primary fractional order inductance, so k is given by the above equationc+km≥k0The transmission efficiency and output power of the time system are independent of the electromagnetic field coupling coefficient and the resonant frequency.
When k isc+km<k0Then, the system transmission efficiency and output power obtained from equations (11) to (16) are:
the analysis shows that the parallel autonomous electromagnetic field double-coupling wireless power transmission system provided by the invention has a simple and reliable structure, does not need to be additionally provided with a high-frequency power supply, gets rid of the development limitation of a high-frequency power supply technology, can realize the constant and efficient transmission of efficiency and output power no matter the electromagnetic field coupling coefficient changes or the resonance frequency shifts within the designed electromagnetic field coupling coefficient range, can participate in the magnetic field coupling to transmit the electric energy to the secondary side fractional order inductance coil while providing the electric energy for the system, has a critical coupling coefficient depending on the load conductance, is favorable for realizing the small-power and long-distance wireless power transmission, and has a great difference with the traditional wireless power transmission system.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. Parallel autonomous electromagnetic field double-coupling radioEnergy transmission system, characterized by: the system includes a fractional order transmission circuit, a fractional order parallel type reception circuit, and a load (R)L) The fractional order parallel type receiving circuit and a load (R)L) Connecting; the fractional order transmitting circuit is composed of a primary side fractional order inductance coil (L) which is connected in series and has the order more than 1β1) A first single-end coupling capacitor metal polar plate, a primary side fractional order compensation capacitor (C) with order less than or equal to 1α1) And a second single-ended coupling capacitor metal plate; the primary side fractional order inductor (L)β1) The magnetic field coupling energy transmission circuit has the property of negative resistance, and participates in magnetic field coupling to transmit energy to a fractional order parallel receiving circuit while providing energy for the whole system, and when the order is kept fixed, the working frequency and the inductance value of the magnetic field coupling energy transmission circuit can automatically follow the change of system parameters, so that the transmission efficiency and the output power of the system have strong robustness to the change of the system parameters and are constant; the primary side fractional order inductor (L)β1) Has two operating modes: the fractional order inductance coil has a constant order, the working frequency and the inductance value automatically follow the change of system parameters to keep the fractional order inductance coil to work stably, and the working frequency is fixed, and the order and the inductance value automatically follow the change of the system parameters to keep the fractional order inductance coil to work stably; the fractional order parallel receiving circuit comprises a secondary fractional order inductance coil (L) with the order less than or equal to 1 connected in parallelβ2) A third single-end coupling capacitance metal polar plate, a secondary side fractional order compensation capacitance (C) with the order less than or equal to 1α2) The coupling interval with constant output power and transmission efficiency depends on load conductance, and the smaller the load conductance is, the longer the critical coupling distance is, thus being beneficial to long-distance wireless power supply of low-power loads; the first single-ended coupling capacitor metal polar plate and the third single-ended coupling capacitor metal polar plate are matched into a pair of interactive coupling capacitor metal polar plates (C)c1) The second single-end coupling capacitor metal polar plate and the fourth single-end coupling capacitor metal polar plate are matched into another pair of interactive coupling capacitor metal polar plates (C)c2) (ii) a The primary side fractional order inductor (L)β1) And a subsidiary partSeveral-order inductor (L)β2) The two pairs of coupling capacitance metal polar plates (C) transmit electric energy through magnetic field couplingc1、Cc2) Displacement current is generated between the two, electric energy is transmitted through electric field coupling, and coupling mechanisms generated by the two coupling modes are mutually superposed to form a load (R)L) And performing wireless power supply.
2. The parallel autonomous electromagnetic field double-coupling wireless power transmission system according to claim 1, wherein: the primary side fractional order inductor (L)β1) And a secondary fractional order inductor (L)β2) The voltage and current differential relation satisfies:
the phase relation satisfies:
wherein iLnIs the current of a fractional order inductor uLnIs the voltage of a fractional order inductor, LβnIs the inductance value of the fractional order inductor,
is the phase of a fractional order inductor, βnIs the order of a fractional order inductor, and 1<β1<2，0<β21, where n-1 or 2 denotes a transmitting circuit or a receiving circuit, respectively.
3. The parallel autonomous electromagnetic field double-coupling wireless power transmission system according to claim 1, wherein: the primary side fractional order compensation capacitor (C)α1) And secondary side fractional order compensation capacitance (C)α2) The voltage and current differential relation satisfies:
the phase relation satisfies:
wherein iCnFor compensating the current of the capacitor in fractional order, uCnCompensating the voltage of the capacitor for fractional order, CαnIs the capacitance value of the fractional order compensation capacitor,
compensating the phase of the capacitor for fractional order, αnCompensating the order of the capacitance for fractional order, and 0<αn1, where n-1 or 2 denotes a transmitting circuit or a receiving circuit, respectively.
4. The parallel autonomous electromagnetic field double-coupling wireless power transmission system according to claim 1, wherein: when primary side fractional order inductance coil (L)β1) Sub-side fractional order inductance coil (L)β2) When the order is 1, the inductance coil is an integer order inductance coil; as the primary side fractional order compensation capacitance (C)α1) Secondary side fractional order compensation capacitance (C)α2) When the order is 1, the capacitor is an integer order capacitor.
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