CN110971004A - Voltage-source-free series autonomous electromagnetic field double-coupling wireless power transmission system - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract
The invention discloses a voltage-source-free series autonomous electromagnetic field double-coupling wireless power transmission system, which comprises a fractional order transmitting circuit, a fractional order series receiving circuit and a load, wherein the fractional order series receiving circuit comprises a first receiving circuit, a second receiving circuit and a first transmitting circuit; the fractional order transmitting circuit is composed of a primary side fractional order inductance coil with the order less than or equal to 1, a first single-end coupling capacitor metal polar plate, a primary side fractional order compensation capacitor with the order greater than 1 and a second single-end coupling capacitor metal polar plate which are connected in series; the fractional order series type receiving circuit is composed of a secondary fractional order inductance coil with the order less than or equal to 1, a third single-ended coupling capacitance metal pole plate, a secondary fractional order compensation capacitance with the order less than or equal to 1 and a fourth single-ended coupling capacitance metal pole plate which are connected in series. The system has simple structure, does not need an external high-frequency power supply, utilizes two transmission modes of electric field coupling and magnetic field coupling to supply power to the load, can realize wireless power transmission with higher power and longer distance, and adopts a fractional order element to increase the freedom degree of parameter selection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wireless power transmission, in particular to a voltage-source-free series connection type autonomous electromagnetic field double-coupling wireless power transmission system.
Background
According to different power transmission implementation mechanisms and modes, wireless power transmission technologies can be broadly classified into magnetic field coupling type wireless power transmission technologies, electric field coupling type wireless power transmission technologies, and microwave type wireless power transmission technologies. The microwave type has a long transmission distance, but has a very low efficiency, low power and serious dissipation, and is applied less at present. In practical applications, magnetic field coupling type and electric field coupling type have been studied in recent years because of their high transmission power and high efficiency. However, the transmission performance of both of these two methods is severely limited by the transmission distance. With the increase of the distance, the transmission efficiency will be greatly reduced, which is not beneficial to the practical application of the system. At present, the transmission distance of electric field coupling type wireless power transmission is mostly on the order of centimeters, and the transmission distance of magnetic field coupling type wireless power transmission is mostly on the order of tens of centimeters. How to effectively increase the distance of wireless power transmission and maintain the high efficiency of the system is an important problem facing the technology at present.
At present, conventional space electric field coupling type and magnetic field coupling type wireless power transmission systems may be classified into a series-series type, a series-parallel type, a parallel-series type, and a parallel-parallel type according to connection modes of inductors and capacitors. The transmitting circuit adopts a series connection suitable for a voltage source type inverter as a power supply to supply electric energy, and the receiving circuit adopts a series connection suitable for a current source type inverter as a power supply to supply electric energy. The receiving circuit is connected in series and is suitable for the application occasions of high-power loads, such as electric automobiles and the like, while the receiving circuit is connected in parallel and is suitable for the application occasions of low-power loads, such as consumer electronics products, such as mobile phones and the like, and different connection modes have great research significance and practical application value.
The concept of fractional order elements (i.e., fractional order inductance and fractional order capacitance) is derived from fractional order calculus. In fact, the inductance and capacitance elements of integer order do not exist in nature, but the fractional order of the inductance and capacitance adopted at present is close to 1. With the continuous and deep knowledge of the inductance and capacitance characteristics, the fractional order influence of the inductance and capacitance characteristics is considered, or the fractional order of the inductance and capacitance characteristics is purposefully utilized to improve the circuit performance, and the fractional order characteristics have proved to be more advantageous than the integer order components in some application occasions, such as the application in impedance matching circuits.
However, the application of the fractional order element in the electric field and magnetic field coupling wireless power transmission system is never mentioned, and the transmission efficiency of the existing electric field and magnetic field coupling wireless power transmission system is greatly influenced by the transmission distance, and generally the transmission efficiency is greatly reduced along with the increase of the distance, which is not beneficial to the practical application of the system. In addition, the resonant frequency of the resonator in the electric field and magnetic field coupling wireless power transmission system is easily shifted under the influence of ambient temperature, load, surrounding metal objects or electromagnetic environment. And the degree of freedom of system parameter design is small, the adjustable factors of output power and transmission efficiency are few, the system is easily limited by a high-frequency inverter power supply technology, and the wireless electric energy transmission with higher power and longer distance is difficult to realize.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects and shortcomings of the prior art and provides a voltage source-free series-connection type autonomous electromagnetic field double-coupling wireless electric energy transmission system based on a fractional order capacitor, wherein the autonomous system is formed by a primary fractional order compensation capacitor with the order greater than 1, a primary fractional order inductance coil with the order less than or equal to 1 and a fractional order series-connection type receiving circuit, so that the primary fractional order compensation capacitor with the order greater than 1 not only provides energy for the whole fractional order electromagnetic field double-coupling wireless electric energy transmission system, but also can automatically change the working frequency and the capacitance value of the primary fractional order compensation capacitor along with system parameters when the order is kept fixed without any other adjustment, thereby realizing double-constant transmission efficiency and output power of the system, and solving the problems of double-constant transmission efficiency and output power of the traditional electric field coupling, magnetic field coupling and electromagnetic field double-coupling wireless electric energy transmission system in resonance frequency shift, The inherent bottleneck problem of efficiency reduction or unstable output power caused by the change of the electric field coupling coefficient and the mutual inductance coupling coefficient. Meanwhile, the energy is transmitted by the electric field and the magnetic field together, so that coupling mechanisms generated by the two coupling modes are mutually overlapped, and the transmission distance and efficiency of the traditional electric field coupling and magnetic field coupling wireless electric energy transmission are greatly increased. And the smaller the load resistance is, the longer the constant running distance of the output power and the transmission efficiency is, the more high-power and longer-distance realization is facilitated, and the application prospect of the wireless electric energy transmission in the high-power field of the electric automobile and the like is greatly widened.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: a voltage source-free series connection type autonomous electromagnetic field double-coupling wireless power transmission system comprises a fractional order transmitting circuit, a fractional order series connection type receiving circuit and a load, wherein the fractional order series connection type receiving circuit is connected with the load; the fractional order transmitting circuit is composed of a primary side fractional order inductance coil with the order less than or equal to 1, a first single-ended coupling capacitor metal polar plate, a primary side fractional order compensation capacitor with the order greater than 1 and a second single-ended coupling capacitor metal polar plate which are connected in series; the primary side fractional order compensation capacitor has the property of negative resistance, provides energy for the whole system, and can automatically follow the change of system parameters when the working frequency and the capacitance value are fixed in a long distance, so that the transmission efficiency and the output power of the system have strong robustness to the change of the system parameters and are constant; the apparent power of the primary side fractional order compensation capacitor is constant, and the primary side fractional order compensation capacitor has two working modes: the fractional order compensation capacitor has the advantages that firstly, the order of the fractional order compensation capacitor is constant, the working frequency and the capacitance value automatically follow the change of system parameters to keep the fractional order compensation capacitor to work stably, and secondly, the working frequency is fixed, and the order and the capacitance value automatically follow the change of the system parameters to keep the fractional order compensation capacitor to work stably; the fractional order series type receiving circuit is composed of a secondary fractional order inductance coil with the order less than or equal to 1, a third single-ended coupling capacitance metal pole plate, a secondary fractional order compensation capacitance with the order less than or equal to 1 and a fourth single-ended coupling capacitance metal pole plate which are connected in series, the current gain is constant, the coupling interval with constant output power and transmission efficiency depends on load resistance, the smaller the load resistance is, the longer the critical coupling distance is, and the realization of the long-distance wireless power supply of a higher-power load is facilitated; the first single-ended coupling capacitor metal polar plate and the third single-ended coupling capacitor metal polar plate are matched into a pair of interactive coupling capacitor metal polar plates, and the second single-ended coupling capacitor metal polar plate and the fourth single-ended coupling capacitor metal polar plate are matched into another pair of interactive coupling capacitor metal polar plates; the primary side fractional order inductance coil and the secondary side fractional order inductance coil transfer electric energy through magnetic field coupling, meanwhile, displacement current is generated between each two pairs of coupling capacitance metal pole plates, electric energy is transferred through electric field coupling, coupling mechanisms generated by the two coupling modes are mutually overlapped, and wireless power supply is carried out on a load.
Further, the differential relation between the voltage and the current of the primary side fractional order inductance coil and the secondary side fractional order inductance coil satisfies the following conditions:
the phase relation satisfies:
wherein iLnIs the current of a fractional order inductor uLnIs the voltage of a fractional order inductor, LβnIs the inductance value of the fractional order inductor,
is the phase of a fractional order inductor, βnIs the order of a fractional order inductor, and 0<βn1, where n-1 or 2 denotes a transmitting circuit or a receiving circuit, respectively.
Further, the differential relation between the voltage and the current of the primary side fractional order compensation capacitor and the secondary side fractional order compensation capacitor meets the following requirements:
the phase relation satisfies:
wherein iCnFor compensating the current of the capacitor in fractional order, uCnCompensating the voltage of the capacitor for fractional order, CαnIs the capacitance value of the fractional order compensation capacitor,
compensating the phase of the capacitor for fractional order, αnCompensating the order of the capacitance for fractional order, and 1<α1<2，0<α21, where n-1 or 2 denotes a transmitting circuit or a receiving circuit, respectively.
Further, when the order of the primary side fractional order inductance coil and the secondary side fractional order inductance coil is 1, the primary side fractional order inductance coil and the secondary side fractional order inductance coil are integer order inductance coils; when the order of the primary side fractional order compensation capacitor and the secondary side fractional order compensation capacitor is 1, the primary side fractional order compensation capacitor and the secondary side fractional order compensation capacitor are integer order capacitors.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. meanwhile, two transmission modes of electric field coupling and magnetic field coupling are utilized to wirelessly supply power to the load, so that the transmission efficiency of the system is improved compared with that of the traditional electric field coupling and magnetic field coupling wireless power transmission system, the transmission distance is increased, and long-distance and stable wireless power transmission is realized.
2. The space electric field and magnetic field double-coupling wireless power transmission realized by adopting the fractional order element is completely different from the traditional electric field and magnetic field coupling wireless power transmission system, the freedom degree of parameter selection is increased, and the system design is facilitated.
3. The system has simple structure, does not need to be additionally provided with a high-frequency power supply, and gets rid of the development limitation of the high-frequency power supply technology.
4. The transmission efficiency and the output power of the system are insensitive to the change of the transmission distance, and stable wireless power transmission can be realized.
5. The transmission efficiency and output power of the system can automatically adapt to the changes of the electric field coupling coefficient, the mutual inductance coupling coefficient and the resonant frequency.
6. The smaller the load resistance, the larger the interval in which the output power and the system efficiency constantly operate.
7. The wireless power transmission device is beneficial to wireless power transmission with larger power and longer distance, is particularly suitable for application occasions of high-power loads, and widens the application prospect of the wireless power transmission technology in the high-power fields of electric automobiles and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a specific system structure provided in the embodiment.
Fig. 2 is an equivalent circuit schematic diagram of a specific system provided in the embodiment.
Detailed Description
To further illustrate the content and features of the present invention, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the invention is not limited thereto.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the voltage-source-less series autonomous electromagnetic field double-coupling wireless power transmission system provided in this embodiment includes a fractional order transmitting circuit, a fractional order series receiving circuit, and a load RLThe fractional order series type receiving circuit and the load RLConnecting; the fractional order transmitting circuit is composed of a primary side fractional order inductance coil L which is connected in series and has the order less than or equal to 1β1A first single-end coupling capacitor metal polar plate, a primary side fractional order compensation capacitor C with order more than 1α1And a second single-ended coupling capacitor metal plate; the primary side fractional order compensation capacitor Cα1The power supply has the property of negative resistance, provides energy for the whole system, and can automatically follow the change of system parameters when the working frequency and the capacitance value are fixed in a long distance, so that the transmission efficiency and the output power of the system have strong robustness and are constant to the change of the system parameters; the primary side fractional order compensation capacitor Cα1Has two working modes: the fractional order compensation capacitor has the advantages that firstly, the order of the fractional order compensation capacitor is constant, the working frequency and the capacitance value automatically follow the change of system parameters to keep the fractional order compensation capacitor to work stably, and secondly, the working frequency is fixed, and the order and the capacitance value automatically follow the change of the system parameters to keep the fractional order compensation capacitor to work stably; the fractional order series type receiving circuit comprises a secondary side fractional order inductance coil L which is connected in series and has the order less than or equal to 1β2A third single-end coupling capacitor metal polar plate, a secondary side fractional order compensation capacitor C with the order less than or equal to 1α2And a fourth single-end coupling capacitor metal plate, the current gain of which is constant, and the coupling interval of which the output power and the transmission efficiency are constant depends on the loadThe smaller the resistance and the load resistance is, the longer the critical coupling distance is, which is beneficial to realizing the long-distance wireless power supply of a higher-power load, thereby further widening the application prospect of the wireless power transmission technology in the high-power field of electric vehicles and the like; the first single-ended coupling capacitor metal polar plate and the third single-ended coupling capacitor metal polar plate are matched into a pair of interactive coupling capacitor metal polar plates Cc1The second single-end coupling capacitor metal polar plate and the fourth single-end coupling capacitor metal polar plate are matched into another pair of interactive coupling capacitor metal polar plates Cc2(ii) a The primary side fractional order inductance coil Lβ1And secondary fractional order inductance coil Lβ2The two pairs of coupling capacitor metal polar plates C transmit electric energy through magnetic field couplingc1、Cc2Displacement current is generated between the two, electric energy is transmitted through electric field coupling, and coupling mechanisms generated by the two coupling modes are mutually superposed to form a load RLAnd performing wireless power supply.
The order and inductance of the primary side fractional order inductor and the secondary side fractional order inductor are β respectively1、β2And Lβ1、Lβ2The order and capacity of the primary side fractional order compensation capacitor and the secondary side fractional order compensation capacitor are α1、α2And Cα1、Cα2. Impedance expressions of the primary side fractional order inductance coil, the primary side fractional order compensation capacitor, the secondary side fractional order inductance coil and the secondary side fractional order compensation capacitor are respectively as follows:
as can be seen from the above impedance expression, the fractional order inductance coil can be equivalent to a series connection of an integer order resistance and an integer order inductance which change with the operating frequency and the order, and the fractional order compensation capacitance can be equivalent to a series connection of an integer order resistance and an integer order capacitance which change with the operating frequency and the order, that is:
according to the coupled mode theory, the coupled mode equation of the system is as follows:
in the formula, a1And a2The energy storage method is characterized by comprising the following steps of (1) defining a complex variable stored by a primary side resonant circuit and a secondary side resonant circuit, wherein the square of a module value of the complex variable represents the energy stored by the resonant circuit, and the specific expression is as follows:
in the formula i1And i2Current of the transmitting circuit and current of the receiving circuit, u, respectivelyCα1_eqAnd uCα2_eqThe voltage of imaginary part impedance components of the primary side fractional order compensation capacitor and the secondary side fractional order compensation capacitor are respectively.
g1、τ2LGain ratio of the transmitting circuit and total loss ratio of the receiving circuit, respectively, and g1＝-(τCα1+τLβ1)，τ2L＝τCα2+τLβ2+τLIn which τ isCα1、τLβ1、τCα2、τLβ2、τLThe specific expressions are as follows:
ω1、ω2the resonant angular frequencies of the transmitter and receiver, respectively, are expressed as follows:
from the above formula, the resonance angular frequency of the system depends not only on the inductance value of the fractional order inductance coil and the capacitance value of the fractional order compensation capacitor, but also on the orders of the fractional order inductance coil and the fractional order compensation capacitor, whereas the resonance angular frequency of the conventional integer order electric field and magnetic field coupling wireless power transmission system is determined only by the inductance value and the capacitance value.
here, the first and second liquid crystal display panels are,
Cc1and Cc2Is an equivalent capacitance of a single pair of coupled metal plates, generally having Cc1≈Cc2S is the area of the plate, d is the transmission distance, and kc、km<<1。
The condition for solving the existence of the steady state solution of the system according to the coupling mode equation is as follows:
further, it can be obtained from the formulae (1) and (11):
the transmission efficiency of the system can be obtained by the following general formula:
the output power is generally expressed as:
wherein:
in the formula of UCα1The effective voltage value of the primary side fractional order compensation capacitor.
The working frequency of the system can be solved by the formula (1) as follows:
when the primary side fractional order capacitor works in a mode with fixed order, α is made1＝α0Is constant, the range of the electric field and mutual inductance coupling coefficients (also called electromagnetic field coupling coefficients) when the primary fractional order capacitance order of the system obtained by the above formula is fixed is:
k0is the critical operating point of the system. When k isc+km<k0The primary fractional order compensation capacitor cannot work in an order fixed mode, otherwise, the primary fractional order compensation capacitor cannot work stably without working frequency solution, so that the primary fractional order compensation capacitor is automatically switched to the working frequency fixed mode, namely, omega is equal to omega2。
When k isc+km≥k0While the primary side fractional order compensation capacitor operates in the fixed order mode α1＝α0Let kmaxMaximum electromagnetic field coupling coefficient designed for the system. According to the equations (3) to (11), it can be found that when the system parameter satisfies the following equation:
then τL/τ2LIs approximately constant and the transmission efficiency can be approximated as:
the output power is approximately:
SCα1the apparent power of the capacitor is compensated for in a fractional order on the primary side, so that k is given by the above equationc+km≥k0The transmission efficiency and output power of the time system are independent of the electromagnetic field coupling coefficient and the resonant frequency.
When k isc+km<k0Then, the system transmission efficiency and output power obtained from equations (11) to (16) are:
from the above analysis, it can be seen that the voltage source-free series autonomous electromagnetic field double-coupling wireless power transmission system provided by the invention can realize the transmission with constant efficiency and high efficiency of output power within the designed electromagnetic field coupling coefficient range no matter the electromagnetic field coupling coefficient changes or the resonance frequency shifts, and the critical coupling coefficient depends on the size of the load resistor, so that the realization of high-power and long-distance wireless power transmission is facilitated, which is greatly different from the conventional wireless power transmission system.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A voltage source-free series connection type autonomous electromagnetic field double-coupling wireless power transmission system is characterized in that: the system comprises a fractional order transmission circuit, a fractional order series type reception circuit and a load (R)L) The fractional order series type receiving circuit and a load (R)L) Connecting; the fractional order transmitting circuit is connected in seriesA primary side fractional order inductance coil (L) with the order less than or equal to 1β1) A first single-end coupling capacitor metal polar plate, a primary side fractional order compensation capacitor (C) with order more than 1α1) And a second single-ended coupling capacitor metal plate; the primary side fractional order compensation capacitor (C)α1) The power supply has the property of negative resistance, provides energy for the whole system, and can automatically follow the change of system parameters when the working frequency and the capacitance value are fixed in a long distance, so that the transmission efficiency and the output power of the system have strong robustness and are constant to the change of the system parameters; the primary side fractional order compensation capacitor (C)α1) Has two working modes: the fractional order compensation capacitor has the advantages that firstly, the order of the fractional order compensation capacitor is constant, the working frequency and the capacitance value automatically follow the change of system parameters to keep the fractional order compensation capacitor to work stably, and secondly, the working frequency is fixed, and the order and the capacitance value automatically follow the change of the system parameters to keep the fractional order compensation capacitor to work stably; the fractional order series type receiving circuit comprises a secondary fractional order inductance coil (L) with the order less than or equal to 1 connected in seriesβ2) A third single-end coupling capacitance metal polar plate, a secondary side fractional order compensation capacitance (C) with the order less than or equal to 1α2) The current gain is constant, the coupling interval with constant output power and transmission efficiency depends on the load resistance, the smaller the load resistance is, the longer the critical coupling distance is, and the realization of the long-distance wireless power supply of a higher-power load is facilitated; the first single-ended coupling capacitor metal polar plate and the third single-ended coupling capacitor metal polar plate are matched into a pair of interactive coupling capacitor metal polar plates (C)c1) The second single-end coupling capacitor metal polar plate and the fourth single-end coupling capacitor metal polar plate are matched into another pair of interactive coupling capacitor metal polar plates (C)c2) (ii) a The primary side fractional order inductor (L)β1) And a secondary fractional order inductor (L)β2) The two pairs of coupling capacitance metal polar plates (C) transmit electric energy through magnetic field couplingc1、Cc2) Displacement current is generated between the two, electric energy is transmitted through electric field coupling, and coupling mechanisms generated by the two coupling modes are mutually superposed to form a load (RL) And performing wireless power supply.
2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the system comprises: the primary side fractional order inductor (L)β1) And a secondary fractional order inductor (L)β2) The voltage and current differential relation satisfies:
the phase relation satisfies:
wherein iLnIs the current of a fractional order inductor uLnIs the voltage of a fractional order inductor, LβnIs the inductance value of the fractional order inductor,
is the phase of a fractional order inductor, βnIs the order of a fractional order inductor, and 0<βn1, where n-1 or 2 denotes a transmitting circuit or a receiving circuit, respectively.
3. The system according to claim 1, wherein the system comprises: the primary side fractional order compensation capacitor (C)α1) And secondary side fractional order compensation capacitance (C)α2) The voltage and current differential relation satisfies:
the phase relation satisfies:
wherein iCnFor compensating the current of the capacitor in fractional order, uCnCompensating the voltage of the capacitor for fractional order, CαnIs the capacitance value of the fractional order compensation capacitor,
compensating the phase of the capacitor for fractional order, αnCompensating the order of the capacitance for fractional order, and 1<α1<2，0<α21, where n-1 or 2 denotes a transmitting circuit or a receiving circuit, respectively.
4. The system according to claim 1, wherein the system comprises: when primary side fractional order inductance coil (L)β1) Sub-side fractional order inductance coil (L)β2) When the order is 1, the inductance coil is an integer order inductance coil; as the primary side fractional order compensation capacitance (C)α1) Secondary side fractional order compensation capacitance (C)α2) When the order is 1, the capacitor is an integer order capacitor.
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