CN110927817B - Method for optimally designing and controlling thin-layer superposed riverway horizontal well track - Google Patents
Method for optimally designing and controlling thin-layer superposed riverway horizontal well track Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for optimally designing and controlling a thin-layer superposed river channel horizontal well track, which comprises the following steps of 1) describing the sand group distribution characteristics of a target interval; 2) carrying out targeted area sand body staged stripping on the obtained superposed sand group to obtain targeted area sand bodies of all small layers; 3) calculating key parameters of the sand body reservoir of each small-layer target area and preferably developing the target area; 4) determining the real geological occurrence of each development target area by utilizing a depth area track control technology and designing a horizontal well track; 5) and (3) combining the well drilling logging information, developing progressive inversion while drilling, further improving the information precision of the target area, and adjusting the track of the horizontal well. The method improves the depth of the horizontal well, the stratum attitude and the prediction precision of the thin sand body, improves the drilling rate of the sand body and the reservoir, reduces the drilling risk and realizes the high-efficiency development of the sandstone gas reservoir of the riverway.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of petroleum and natural gas exploration and development, in particular to a method for optimally designing and controlling a thin-layer superposed river channel horizontal well track.
Background
In recent years, with the large-scale application of long horizontal section horizontal wells in the gas reservoir, breakthrough of the gas reservoir in energy production is driven and good economic benefits are displayed. The gas reservoir buried depth of the Mianjiang gas field Shaxi temple group is 2500-3000 m, and the gas reservoir has the characteristics of narrow and long river channel (width: 100-800 m, length: 10-35 km), multi-period superposition (3-4 periods in a composite phase), thin reservoir thickness (5-30 m), strong heterogeneity and the like.
The design and control of the horizontal well track are two key factors of the drilling rate of a high reservoir of a long horizontal well with a narrow river course, firstly, the carving of the inner curtain of the river course sand body is the premise of the design of the horizontal well track, and in recent years, aiming at the seismic attributes, wave impedance attributes and frequency division energy attributes of the inner curtain of the river course sand body which are mainly based on kinematics and dynamics, the method technology solves the problems of the detection of the sand body edge of a single-layer river course with large width (more than 800 m) and large thickness (more than 25 m) in the west and the carving of the inner curtain of the reservoir in the west, and the multi-period carving capability in a composite phase is limited (1-2 period); secondly, the track geological control of the early horizontal well is mainly completed in a time domain, the technology has the defects of large depth prediction error, insensitive track real-time adjustment reaction and low prediction attitude precision in high and steep stratum areas (complex structures), thereby influencing the drilling rate of the reservoir of the horizontal well.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: aiming at the problems of large depth prediction error and low track control precision of the existing horizontal well track design and control technology in the development of riverway sandstone gas reservoirs with narrow and long riverways, multi-period superposition, thin reservoir thickness and strong heterogeneity, the method for optimizing design and control of the thin-layer superposition riverway horizontal well track improves the depth of the horizontal well, the formation attitude and the thin sand body prediction precision, improves the drilling rate of sand bodies and reservoirs, reduces the drilling risk and realizes the high-efficiency development of the riverway sandstone gas reservoir.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a method for optimally designing and controlling a thin-layer stacked riverway horizontal well track comprises the following steps:
a. describing the sand group distribution characteristics of the target interval;
b. carrying out targeted area sand body staged stripping on the obtained superposed sand group to obtain targeted area sand bodies of all small layers;
c. calculating key parameters of the sand body reservoir of each small-layer target area and preferably developing the target area;
d. determining the real geological occurrence of each development target area by utilizing a depth area track control technology and designing a horizontal well track;
e. and (3) combining the well drilling logging information, developing progressive inversion while drilling, further improving the information precision of the target area, and adjusting the track of the horizontal well.
The method comprises the steps of describing the sand group distribution characteristics of a target interval to obtain the seismic facies, geological abnormal boundaries and river channel space distribution characteristics of the sand group of the target interval; stripping the river channels of the sand group in multiple periods by adopting a multi-period target area sand stripping technology to obtain the sand space distribution characteristics of each small-layer target area and related reservoir key parameters; the real geological occurrence of the sand body of each target area is adjusted and improved by utilizing a depth area track control technology, and the geological occurrence of the depth area of each small-layer target area and a high-precision horizontal section track are obtained; combining well drilling logging information, developing progressive inversion while drilling, providing more accurate related information such as reservoir physical properties and the like, and guiding a real drilling track; the method improves the prediction precision of the depth of the horizontal well, the stratum attitude and the thin sand body, improves the drilling rate of the sand body and the reservoir, reduces the drilling risk and realizes the high-efficiency development of the sandstone gas reservoir of the riverway.
As a preferred scheme of the invention, in the step a, seismic data volume scanning is performed by using seismic multi-attribute analysis, a frequency division technology, sample clustering seismic facies analysis and a three-dimensional coherence technology, so as to obtain the sand group distribution characteristics of the target interval. By adopting the analysis technology to describe the sand group spreading characteristics of the target interval, information such as seismic facies, geological abnormal boundaries, river channel space spreading characteristics and the like of the sand group of the target interval are obtained.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the step a is divided into the following two cases:
a1, in case of the water-bound river channel, namely the clear shape of the river channel;
a2, in case of an underwater non-constrained river channel, namely the shape of the river channel is not clear.
As a preferred scheme of the present invention, in case of a1, a sample clustering seismic facies analysis technique is adopted, seismic reflection waves representing the same type of sedimentary facies are classified into one type, the same sedimentary microfacies are represented by the classification, the similarity between a target waveform and a reference waveform is analyzed in a certain time window, and the Manhattan distance represents the sum of sampling difference values between waveform sampling points, that is:
where M is the Manhattan distance, A is the A wavelet, B is the B wavelet, and N is the wavelet sample number.
As a preferred scheme of the present invention, in the case of a2, a pixel denoising process is adopted, the tuned energy corresponding to each frequency in the seismic reflection component is identified by wavelet transform on the denoised seismic data volume to form an energy anomaly corresponding to the frequency, each single frequency is given a color, different sampling points in the single frequency are given different brightness and saturation of the same color at the point according to the energy difference, and the brightness and intensity of different colors at the same point of each single frequency are mixed according to RGB to obtain corresponding color values, and are fused to form an attribute volume.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step b, on the basis of high-resolution target processing, under the control of a small-layer tracing contrast line, a three-dimensional visualization daughter tracing technology is used to automatically identify and trace a three-dimensional space of the sandstone in the river channel, and identify sampling points that meet the conditions, wherein different river channels are endowed with different colors, and different river channel burial depths are endowed with different colors. And a multi-period target area sand body stripping technology is adopted to strip the multi-period river channels of the sand group, so that the superposed river channels in the composite phase are finely carved in stages, and the space spread characteristic information of the sand bodies of each small-layer target area is obtained.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the step c, the reservoir parameters are calculated by taking wave impedance inversion as an example as follows:
OBJFUN＝Σ|ri|p+λq(di-si)q+a2Σ(ti-zi)2
in the formula: OBJFUN is an objective function; r isiIs the reflection coefficient; diIs seismic data; siTo synthetic seismic data; a is a trend matching coefficient; t is tiA trend defined for the user; z is a radical ofiFor impedance values within a user-defined control range.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the step d, a time-depth conversion formula for a certain seismic data is as follows:
Di(t)＝Vit
in the formula: diIs the depth of the ith destination layer, i is the number of destination layers, ViAnd t is seismic horizon double-layer travel time.
The real geological occurrence of each target area sand body is adjusted and improved through a depth area track control technology, the geological occurrence of the depth area of each small layer of target area and a high-precision horizontal section track are obtained, the depth prediction error of a horizontal section reservoir stratum is controlled within 5 meters, and the well track control precision is improved.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method comprises the steps of describing the sand group distribution characteristics of a target interval to obtain the seismic facies, geological abnormal boundaries and river channel space distribution characteristics of the sand group of the target interval; stripping the river channels of the sand group in multiple periods by adopting a multi-period target area sand stripping technology to obtain the sand space distribution characteristics of each small-layer target area and related reservoir key parameters; the real geological occurrence of the sand body of each target area is adjusted and improved by utilizing a depth area track control technology, and the geological occurrence of the depth area of each small-layer target area and a high-precision horizontal section track are obtained; combining well drilling logging information, developing progressive inversion while drilling, providing more accurate related information such as reservoir physical properties and the like, and guiding a real drilling track; the method improves the prediction precision of the depth of the horizontal well, the stratum attitude and the thin sand body, improves the drilling rate of the sand body and the reservoir, reduces the drilling risk and realizes the high-efficiency development of the sandstone gas reservoir of the riverway.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an actual processing diagram of the waterborne constraint river.
Fig. 3 is a comparison graph before and after actual treatment of an underwater non-constrained river.
Fig. 4 is a graph depicting the effect of applying sand group distribution characteristics of a target interval to a gas reservoir layer in the sichuan region.
FIG. 5 is a front-to-back comparison of staged stripping of multiple river profiles with longitudinal stacking and lateral frequency migration within a sand pack.
FIG. 6 is a time domain cross section and a depth domain trajectory control cross section.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Examples
The embodiment provides a method for optimally designing and controlling a thin-layer superposed riverway horizontal well track;
as shown in fig. 1, the method for optimally designing and controlling the trajectory of the thin-layer stacked river channel horizontal well in the embodiment includes the following steps:
a. describing the sand group distribution characteristics of the target interval;
b. carrying out targeted area sand body staged stripping on the obtained superposed sand group to obtain targeted area sand bodies of all small layers;
c. calculating key parameters of the sand body reservoir of each small-layer target area and preferably developing the target area;
d. determining the real geological occurrence of each development target area by utilizing a depth area track control technology and designing a horizontal well track;
e. and (3) combining the well drilling logging information, developing progressive inversion while drilling, further improving the information precision of the target area, and adjusting the track of the horizontal well.
The method comprises the steps of describing the sand group distribution characteristics of a target interval to obtain the seismic facies, geological abnormal boundaries and river channel space distribution characteristics of the sand group of the target interval; stripping the river channels of the sand group in multiple periods by adopting a multi-period target area sand stripping technology to obtain the sand space distribution characteristics of each small-layer target area and related reservoir key parameters; the real geological occurrence of the sand body of each target area is adjusted and improved by utilizing a depth area track control technology, and the geological occurrence of the depth area of each small-layer target area and a high-precision horizontal section track are obtained; combining well drilling logging information, developing progressive inversion while drilling, providing more accurate related information such as reservoir physical properties and the like, and guiding a real drilling track; the method improves the prediction precision of the depth of the horizontal well, the stratum attitude and the thin sand body, improves the drilling rate of the sand body and the reservoir, reduces the drilling risk and realizes the high-efficiency development of the sandstone gas reservoir of the riverway.
In this embodiment, in the step a, seismic data volume scanning is performed by using seismic multi-attribute analysis, a frequency division technique, sample clustering seismic facies analysis, and a three-dimensional coherence technique, so as to obtain the sand group distribution characteristics of the target interval. By adopting the analysis technology to describe the sand group spreading characteristics of the target interval, information such as seismic facies, geological abnormal boundaries, river channel space spreading characteristics and the like of the sand group of the target interval are obtained.
In this embodiment, the step a is divided into the following two cases:
a1, in case of the water-bound river channel, namely the clear shape of the river channel;
a2, in case of an underwater non-constrained river channel, namely the shape of the river channel is not clear.
In this embodiment, for the case of a1, a sample clustering seismic facies analysis technique is used to classify seismic reflections representing the same type of facies into one class, and represent the same facies, the similarity between the target waveform and the reference waveform is analyzed in a certain time window, and the Manhattan distance represents the sum of sampling differences between waveform sampling points, that is:
where M is the Manhattan distance, A is the A wavelet, B is the B wavelet, and N is the wavelet sample number.
Several key points must be grasped using this technique: firstly, setting the value of M to be 0.25, and then summarizing the waveforms into a class; determining an analysis time window according to the geological thickness in areas with complex structures; and thirdly, the proper classification number is based on the fact that the actual geological features can be clearly depicted.
In this embodiment, for the case of a2, a pixel denoising process is used to eliminate system noise and random noise on a three-dimensional seismic data volume, then a wavelet transform is used to identify tuning energy corresponding to each frequency in seismic reflection components on the denoised seismic data volume to form an energy anomaly corresponding to the frequency, each single frequency is given a color (usually one of red, yellow, and blue), different sampling points in the single frequency are given different luminances and saturations of the same color at the point according to energy differences, and finally, the luminances and intensities of different colors at the same point of each single frequency are mixed according to RGB to obtain corresponding color values, and the color values are fused to form an attribute volume.
In this embodiment, on the basis of high-resolution target processing, under the control of a small-layer tracing contrast line in step b, a three-dimensional visualization daughter tracing technology is used to automatically identify and trace a three-dimensional space of the sandstone in the river channel, and identify sampling points that meet conditions, different river channels are endowed with different colors, and different river channel burial depths are endowed with different colors. And a multi-period target area sand body stripping technology is adopted to strip the multi-period river channels of the sand group, so that the superposed river channels in the composite phase are finely carved in stages, and the space spread characteristic information of the sand bodies of each small-layer target area is obtained.
In this embodiment, in the step c, reservoir key parameters (lithology, physical property, and gas content) of the sand body of each small-layer target area are calculated and the target area is preferably developed, and the following parameters are calculated by taking wave impedance inversion reservoir parameters as an example:
OBJFUN＝Σ|ri|p+λq(di-si)q+a2Σ(ti-zi)2
in the formula: OBJFUN is an objective function; r isiIs the reflection coefficient; diIs seismic data; siTo synthetic seismic data; a is a trend matching coefficient; t is tiA trend defined for the user; z is a radical ofiFor impedance values within a user-defined control range.
In this embodiment, the time-depth conversion formula for a certain seismic data in step d is as follows:
Di(t)＝Vit
in the formula: diIs the depth of the ith destination layer, i is the number of destination layers, ViAnd t is seismic horizon double-layer travel time.
The real geological occurrence of each target area sand body is adjusted and improved through a depth area track control technology, the geological occurrence of the depth area of each small layer of target area and a high-precision horizontal section track are obtained, the depth prediction error of a horizontal section reservoir stratum is controlled within 5 meters, and the well track control precision is improved.
The application of the method to the efficient construction and production of the shallow and medium river channels in the west Sichuan is shown below, and comparative analysis is carried out.
Fig. 2 shows the actual processing of the water-borne constrained river, the time window is 20ms above and below the trough position, and we can see from the figure that the main river, and even the possible breach fan deposition at the edge of the river, the estuary dam deposition at the water inlet of the south of the river and the like can be identified for the depiction of the river outline, which shows that the effect is basically consistent with the theoretical expectation and has high reliability.
Fig. 3 shows the comparison between the actual processing of the underwater non-constrained river channel, from the upper part in the figure, it can be seen that the conventional attribute has a high difficulty in describing the shape of the river channel, and from the lower part in the figure, the frequency-variable energy multi-attribute fusion technology has an obvious effect, and the shape and the extension of the river channel are clearly described, which shows that the invention has a remarkable effect and stronger detail description capability.
And (b) FIG. 4 shows the application effect of the step (a) in a certain gas reservoir stratum in the Sichuan area, wherein the shape of a river course of a target stratum on the left side in the figure is unclear, and the trend can be seen on the right side in the figure.
Fig. 5 is a front-back comparison of staged stripping of multiple river channel sections with longitudinal superposition and transverse frequent migration in a sand group, and it can be seen from the figure that the method can comb out staged superposition relationship of river channels and strip out a target river channel, thereby effectively solving the problems of limited staged carving ability of river channels, multiple resolvability of development targets, influence on development efficiency and the like.
FIG. 6 is a time domain section and a depth domain trajectory control section, and it can be seen from the figure that the method effectively solves the problems of horizontal trajectory control in the time domain, insensitive trajectory real-time adjustment reaction, and low accuracy of predicted attitude, and effectively improves the reservoir drilling rate.
The above examples all strongly demonstrate that the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the method realizes the efficient high-quality processing of the earthquake data of the compact lithologic gas reservoir in the western and Sichuan provinces, and breaks through the longitudinal and transverse recognition capability of the reservoir;
2. the overlapping river channel identification in the 3-4 stage of composite phase internal identification is realized;
3. the depth prediction error of the reservoir stratum in the horizontal section is controlled within 5 meters, and the well trajectory control precision is improved;
4. and the drilling rate of the horizontal section track sand body of the horizontal well and the drilling rate of the reservoir are improved.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for optimally designing and controlling a thin-layer stacked riverway horizontal well track is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
a. describing the sand group distribution characteristics of the target interval to obtain the seismic facies, geological abnormal boundaries and river channel space distribution characteristics of the sand group of the target interval;
b. carrying out targeted area sand body staged stripping on the obtained superposed sand group to obtain targeted area sand bodies of all small layers;
c. calculating key parameters of the sand body reservoir of each small-layer target area and preferably developing the target area;
d. determining the real geological occurrence of each development target area by utilizing a depth area track control technology and designing a horizontal well track;
e. and (3) combining the well drilling logging information, developing progressive inversion while drilling, further improving the information precision of the target area, and adjusting the track of the horizontal well.
2. The method for optimizing design and control of the thin-layer stacked riverway horizontal well track according to claim 1 is characterized in that in the step a, seismic data volume scanning is performed by means of seismic multi-attribute analysis, a frequency division technology, sample clustering seismic facies analysis and a three-dimensional coherence technology, and the sand group distribution characteristics of the target interval are obtained.
3. The method for optimally designing and controlling the trajectory of the thin-layer stacked river channel horizontal well according to claim 2 is characterized in that the step a is divided into the following two cases:
a1, in case of the water-bound river channel, namely the clear shape of the river channel;
a2, in case of an underwater non-constrained river channel, namely the shape of the river channel is not clear.
4. The method for optimizing design and control of horizontal well tracks of thin-layer stacked riverways according to claim 3 is characterized in that for a1 condition, a sample clustering seismic facies analysis technology is adopted, seismic reflection waves representing the same type of sedimentary facies are classified into one type and represent the same sedimentary microfacies, the similarity degree of a target waveform and a reference waveform is analyzed in a certain time window, and the Manhattan distance represents the sum of sampling difference values between waveform sampling points, namely:
where M is the Manhattan distance, A is the A wavelet, B is the B wavelet, and N is the wavelet sample number.
5. The method for optimizing design and control of the trajectory of the thin-layer stacked river channel horizontal well according to claim 3 is characterized in that under the condition of a2, pixel denoising is adopted, and the tuned energy corresponding to each frequency in the seismic reflection component is identified on the denoised seismic data volume by utilizing wavelet transformation to form an energy abnormal volume corresponding to the frequency; endowing each single frequency body with a color, endowing different brightness and saturation of the same color at different sampling points in the single frequency body according to energy difference, obtaining corresponding color values according to the brightness and the intensity of different colors at the same point of each single frequency body in an RGB mixing mode, and fusing to form the attribute body.
6. The method for optimizing design and control of the trajectory of the thin-layer stacked river channel horizontal well according to claim 1, wherein in the step b, on the basis of high-resolution target processing, under the control of a small-layer tracking contrast line, three-dimensional space recognition and tracking of the river channel sandstone are automatically performed by using a three-dimensional visualization daughter tracking technology, sampling points meeting conditions are recognized, different river channels are endowed with different colors, and different river channel burial depths are endowed with different colors.
7. The method for optimally designing and controlling the trajectory of the thin-layer stacked riverway horizontal well according to claim 1, wherein the wave impedance inversion reservoir parameters are calculated in the step c as follows:
OBJFUN＝∑|ri|p+λq(di-si)q+a2∑(ti-zi)2
in the formula: OBJFUN is an objective function; r isiIs the reflection coefficient; diIs seismic data; siTo synthetic seismic data; a is a trend matching coefficient; t is tiA trend defined for the user; z is a radical ofiFor impedance values within a user-defined control range.
8. The method for optimally designing and controlling the thin-layer stacked riverway horizontal well track according to claim 1, wherein the time-depth conversion formula for a certain seismic data in the step d is as follows:
Di(t)＝Vit
in the formula: diIs the depth of the ith destination layer, i is the number of destination layers, ViAnd t is seismic horizon double-layer travel time.
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