CN110923394A - Steel-making equipment and steel-making method - Google Patents
Steel-making equipment and steel-making method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110923394A CN110923394A CN201911189735.2A CN201911189735A CN110923394A CN 110923394 A CN110923394 A CN 110923394A CN 201911189735 A CN201911189735 A CN 201911189735A CN 110923394 A CN110923394 A CN 110923394A
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Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D1/00—Treatment of fused masses in the ladle or the supply runners before casting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/14—Plants for continuous casting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/10—Handling in a vacuum
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
- Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides steelmaking equipment and a steelmaking method, wherein the steelmaking equipment comprises a preheating device, an electric arc furnace, a refining device, an intermediate smelter and a continuous casting machine, wherein the preheating device is provided with a feeding port and a discharging port; the electric arc furnace comprises a furnace shell, wherein a feed inlet and a steel outlet are formed in the furnace shell, the feed inlet is communicated with a discharge outlet, and a first stirring device for stirring molten steel is arranged at the bottom of the furnace shell; the refining device is provided with a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet, and the liquid inlet is communicated with the tapping hole; the intermediate smelting device is provided with an inlet and an outlet, the inlet is communicated with the liquid outlet, and a filtering component is arranged in the intermediate smelting device; the continuous casting machine is provided with a feed inlet and a steel outlet, and the feed inlet is communicated with the outlet. The invention does not need to transfer the steel ladle, can realize dynamic continuous operation in the steel-making process, shortens the production period and improves the yield.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metallurgy, in particular to steelmaking equipment and a steelmaking method.
Background
With the accelerated development of science and technology, the requirements on the quality of steel are increasingly improved, the thin plate requires good deep drawing performance, the thick plate requires uniform performance on the whole thickness, the pipe requires high transverse impact value … …, and the pipe requires independent contents of sulfur, phosphorus, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxides such as silicon, manganese, aluminum and the like generated in the deoxidation process in the steel, and ultra-clean steel with the removal content reduced to tens of thousands of parts or parts per million, even parts per million is removed to eliminate the harmful influence on the performance of the steel.
The steel making can be divided into a long flow and a short flow according to the process flow, wherein:
the long process is to blow crude molten steel from iron ore, sintering (or pelletizing), coking, blast furnace ironmaking and converter, and then to make steel by refining furnace. The coke is the most important raw material indispensable for the long process, and because the coking coal resources are limited, the coking coal only accounts for 5-10% of the total coal amount, and the coking coal which can be economically developed in the prior art only accounts for 1.5-4%, the long process depending on the coking coal faces the situation that the coal resources are deficient and the production cannot be carried out. The long process has the disadvantages of huge scale, high investment, large land occupation area, long production period, high energy consumption per ton steel and serious environmental pollution, and particularly the pollution of a coking system cannot be overcome by the traditional long process.
The short process is that waste steel, direct reduced Iron (DRI, sponge Iron) and the like are used as raw materials, melted and oxidized into crude molten steel through an electric arc furnace, and refined into finished steel through a refining furnace, coke is not needed, the most common method is the Midrex and HYL method which use natural gas as a reducing agent, and the rotary kiln method, the shaft furnace method, the rotary hearth furnace method and the like which use coal as a reducing agent, but Iron ore powder agglomeration or pelletizing procedures are still needed, rich natural gas resources are needed, the production efficiency of the coal-based rotary kiln method is low, and the scale of the rotary hearth furnace method such as an Inmetco process, a Fastmet process, an Iron Dynamics process, a Comet process and the like is difficult to expand.
Energy conservation, consumption reduction and environmental protection in electric arc furnace steelmaking are always one of the core technologies of the global electric arc furnace steelmaking technology development.
In a conventional electric arc furnace for steelmaking, scrap is charged from a furnace top in two to three times, and the scrap is melted by means of an electric arc generated between an electrode and the scrap. Therefore, the conventional electric arc furnace can only intermittently supply power to the furnace, and the furnace cover is unscrewed to charge the furnace after a certain time interval, so that the productivity of the electric arc furnace is greatly reduced, and the heat loss and the energy consumption of the electric arc furnace are increased. Meanwhile, a large amount of smoke is discharged into a factory building when the materials are loaded, so that the difficulty of dust removal and environmental protection is increased. The intermittent electrodes and the scrap steel generate open arcs, so that the impact on a power grid and the damage degree of noise are increased, the energy conservation and consumption reduction of high-temperature flue gas generated by steel making are important subjects of electric arc furnace smelting, and the preheating of the scrap steel by utilizing the waste heat of the flue gas is widely concerned by people. A large amount of high-temperature flue gas can be generated in the smelting process of the electric arc furnace, the temperature of the flue gas is up to more than 1000 ℃, and the smoke discharge amount is up to 500-1200 m3/(h.t). The sensible heat of the flue gas is utilized to preheat the scrap steel, so that great economic benefit can be generated.
As is well known, scrap preheating is one of the development directions of energy-saving technology for electric arc furnace steelmaking, and currently, in scrap preheating matched with an electric arc furnace, a horizontal continuous transportation mode and a shaft furnace mode are representative modes, and used devices are respectively a consmedi electric arc furnace (namely, a Consteel electric arc furnace) and a grate type shaft furnace electric arc furnace.
Among them, the technology of preheating scrap steel by using the flue gas of an electric arc furnace is a technology which is researched at home and abroad for more than twenty years, but due to the technical difficulty, only a few schemes are put into practical use at present, and the technologies typically represent technologies such as vibration continuous charging Consteel (US5400358-1992), finger shaft furnace (DE4025294A1-1992) and shaft side push charging (US2007/0013112A 1).
The horizontal scrap steel preheating device has paid attention to some enterprises because of not having too high requirement on the height of a factory building.
The horizontal continuous-feed scrap preheating apparatus currently representative is mainly a so-called continuous steelmaking electric arc furnace (Consteel) introduced abroad.
Consteel (US5400358-1992) is a horizontal continuous feeding technology, can realize the arc stabilization smelting of an electric arc furnace, is environment-friendly, reduces the electrode consumption, and can greatly reduce the production process cost of the electric arc furnace, but the method only heats the upper material, so the preheating effect of the scrap steel is poor, and the average energy-saving effect reported at home and abroad is only 25kwh per ton of steel; in addition, because the heat exchange efficiency of the raw materials (scrap steel) is improved, the scrap steel in the conveying groove is stacked on the conveying belt to be thin, the length of a preheating section is inevitably increased, the total length of the equipment can reach 90-100 m, and the arrangement of a workshop is very unfavorable; thirdly, the dynamic sealing air leakage of the scheme is serious, and the requirement on the capacity of a fan and the like is high.
The hot flue gases of the arc furnace of consmedit flow in the preheating device against the scrap, since the scrap cannot be filled in the horizontal preheating device, a large part of the gas flow flows over the top of the scrap layer, so that the preheating of the scrap at the bottom is poor, and in order to achieve a high heat exchange, a 60 meter long preheating tunnel is usually required. Because the waste steel contains chlorine-containing compounds such as PVC and the like, theoretically, the chlorine-containing compounds can generate dioxin when incompletely combusted at the temperature of below 800 ℃, particularly, the dioxin is most easily generated when incompletely combusted within the range of 300-500 ℃, and because a preheating tunnel of a Consedi furnace is long, the temperature is continuously reduced after heat exchange between hot flue gas and the waste steel, the chlorine-containing compounds in the waste steel are extremely easily generated to pollute the environment when incompletely combusted at the temperature of 300-500 ℃. But it has inherent disadvantages: 1. although the inventor of the present invention, intel Steel-making company, believes that the Steel scrap can be preheated to about 500 ℃ by the Consteel process developed by the company, the equipment supplier, delx, italy, also publicizes that the Steel scrap can be preheated to 400-600 ℃, and the production practice of Kyoei Steel (i.e., japanese coying Steel-making) company shows that the preheated Steel scrap has uneven temperatures (high and low) at the upper and lower sides, and the Steel scrap temperature at the position 600-700 mm away from the surface is less than 100 ℃, and the energy-saving effect is only 25kwh/t Steel, and the heat transfer efficiency is very low. The domestic Consteel electric arc furnace production practice also proves that the waste steel preheating temperature of the device is low, and the energy-saving effect is poor. 2. The length of the equipment is very long, the total length of a preheating channel and a charging conveyor is about 60 meters, the occupied area is large, the installation of the equipment and the transformation of an old factory building are very difficult, and the one-time investment is very high. 3. The air leakage is large, a large amount of wild wind is mixed in the flue gas, the burden of the dust removal fan is increased, and the recycling of the flue gas waste heat is greatly not facilitated. 4. The feeding electromagnetic crane has very high operating rate, and the production is sometimes influenced by the feeding when some electromagnetic crane reaches more than 90 percent.
Finger shaft furnace arc furnace, developed and developed by FUCHS corporation in germany in the early 90 s of the 20 th century, is a typical scrap preheating device for arc furnaces, and the term "finger" refers to a single or multiple rows of finger-like brackets which can be opened and closed by mechanical means between the shaft furnace and the arc furnace communication interface. In the electric arc furnace smelting process, through directly adding the scrap steel in the waste gas stream and make full use of waste gas to the ability of preheating of scrap steel, not only utilize flue gas sensible heat, combustible gas in the usable flue gas carries out the chemical energy of postcombustion simultaneously, therefore, this kind of scrap steel of taking the material device of holding in the palm preheats the technique and can pierce through the scrap steel layer because of the flue gas, preheat energy-conserving effectual, can reach ton steel 60 ~ 100kwh, however, because the scrap steel is to the direct impact of finger class bracket in traditional shaft furnace, lead to easily being pounded by the scrap steel, the equipment maintenance has been increased, the popularization and use of scrap steel preheating technique has been influenced. Meanwhile, a certain amount of light and thin materials exist in the scrap steel, so that partial scrap steel is possibly melted under the condition of secondary combustion of combustible gas, the scrap steel in the shaft furnace is bonded, and the problem that the scrap steel of the shaft furnace cannot smoothly enter an electric arc furnace is caused. Therefore, the phenomenon that the scrap steel directly drops to the finger bracket is avoided, the impact of the scrap steel feeding process can be obviously reduced, and the maintenance of equipment is reduced. The FuCHS company also provides a new generation of FUCHS-COSS electric arc furnace, namely, the improvement of the shaft furnace is realized, an independent material pushing system is used for replacing the original vertical shaft, the material pushing system is a water-cooling-free system and is composed of cast iron plates, the influence on the smelting period caused by water leakage of the vertical shaft is avoided, and the mechanical structure is huge and the operation is complex.
The vertical type has higher thermal efficiency and higher scrap preheating temperature, but the vertical type requires high elevation of a factory building, huge equipment and high one-time investment, and is not suitable for the reconstruction of the existing electric arc furnace steelmaking workshop. In the grate shaft furnace, hot flue gas of the electric arc furnace enters from the lower end of the shaft and is discharged from the upper end of the shaft. Thus, the cross section of the shaft is large enough to allow hot flue gas to flow through the gaps between the scrap steel. In the actual production, the water-cooled finger grate is easily broken by the scrap steel to leak water or is blocked by the scrap steel, the manufacturing cost of the equipment is high, and the maintenance amount of the equipment is large, so that the grate type shaft furnace is only used in a part of large furnaces in electric arc furnace steelmaking.
Transferring the molten steel smelted by the electric arc furnace into a ladle, transporting the ladle to a refining workshop by using a crown block or a rail car, and refining the molten steel in the refining workshop; continuously transferring the ladle refined by the ladle to a vacuum refining process, and performing vacuum treatment by using vacuum equipment; and the molten steel after vacuum treatment is transported to a continuous casting workshop from a ladle, the molten steel in the ladle is transferred to a tundish, the molten steel in the tundish is poured into a crystallizer of a continuous casting machine, the molten steel is cooled and solidified in the crystallizer, a continuous casting billet is cooled secondarily after being pulled out of the crystallizer, flame cutting is subsequently carried out, and the cut continuous casting billet can be heated by a heating furnace and then transported to a steel rolling workshop.
Wherein the ladle is carried to the refining process by the electric arc furnace workshop, is carried to the vacuum treatment process by the refining process, is carried to the continuous casting process in-process by the vacuum treatment process, and the ladle is through transporting many times, and there is huge fluctuation in the molten steel temperature, causes the intermittent cycle production of production rhythm simultaneously, is unfavorable for the stability of continuous casting production, causes the huge loss of molten steel heat simultaneously, has improved electric arc furnace tapping temperature, causes the improvement of electric arc furnace energy consumption, has shortened electric arc furnace refractory material's life.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide steelmaking equipment and a steelmaking method without transferring a steel ladle.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a steel making apparatus, comprising:
the preheating device is provided with a feeding port and a discharging port;
the electric arc furnace comprises a furnace shell, wherein a feed inlet and a steel tapping hole are formed in the furnace shell, the feed inlet is communicated with the discharge outlet, and a first stirring device for stirring molten steel is arranged at the bottom of the furnace shell;
the refining device is provided with a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet, and the liquid inlet is communicated with the tapping hole;
the intermediate smelting device is provided with an inlet and an outlet, the inlet is communicated with the liquid outlet, and a filtering assembly is arranged in the intermediate smelting device;
the continuous casting machine is provided with a feeding port and a steel tapping port, and the feeding port is communicated with the outlet.
As above steelmaking equipment, wherein, refining device includes furnace body, sealed lid, refining electrode and vacuum refining stove, open the upper end of furnace body and form the inlet, the liquid outlet set up in the bottom of furnace body, sealed lid can be sealed locate the upper end of furnace body, refining electrode with the vacuum refining stove homoenergetic stretches into in the furnace body, be connected with rotatory elevating system on the furnace body, sealed lid refining electrode with the vacuum refining stove all with rotatory elevating system meets, rotatory elevating system can drive sealed lid refining electrode with the vacuum refining stove reciprocates and the horizontal rotation.
The steelmaking equipment as described above, wherein said rotary lifting mechanism includes a hydraulic cylinder, the cylinder body of said hydraulic cylinder is connected with said furnace body, said sealing cover, said refining electrode and said vacuum refining furnace are respectively connected with the piston rod of said hydraulic cylinder by a connecting arm capable of rotating.
The steelmaking equipment as described above, wherein a slide plate type control valve is connected to the liquid outlet.
The steelmaking equipment as described above, wherein the bottom of the furnace body is provided with a second stirring device for stirring molten steel.
The steelmaking apparatus as described above, wherein a plasma burner is further provided in said intermediate melting vessel.
The steelmaking equipment as described above, wherein said filter assembly includes at least one slag trap, said slag trap is disposed between said inlet and said outlet, said slag trap is provided with a plurality of through holes, and a filter is disposed in said through holes.
The steelmaking apparatus as recited in the preceding claim, wherein said inlet is in communication with said tapping port through a long nozzle, and an outlet end of said long nozzle extends into said intermediate smelter, said filter assembly further comprising a turbulence suppressor attached to an inner wall of said intermediate smelter at a location corresponding to said outlet end of said long nozzle.
Steelmaking apparatus as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the distance between the turbulence suppressor and the outlet end of the long nozzle is less than or equal to 400 mm.
The steelmaking apparatus as described above, wherein a flow rate detector is connected to said long nozzle.
The steelmaking apparatus as recited in the above, wherein a molten steel flow rate control device is provided in the intermediate melting furnace at a position corresponding to the outlet.
The steelmaking device as described above, wherein said first stirring means includes at least two spray guns disposed at an interval, said spray guns are connected to the inner wall of said furnace shell, and said spray guns are disposed at an interval with said tapping holes, said spray guns are connected with a pipeline capable of connecting with an external air source.
The steelmaking equipment as described above, wherein said pipeline is provided with a regulating valve.
The steelmaking device as described above, wherein the cover that can be separated from the furnace shell is provided with a furnace cover, the furnace cover is provided with an observation hole, and the observation hole is provided with a camera for observing the inside of the furnace shell.
The steelmaking apparatus as recited above, wherein said preheating means includes a shaft preheater, said shaft preheater including:
the feeding port is arranged at the upper end of the vertical shaft, and the discharging port is arranged at the lower part of the side wall of the vertical shaft;
the discharger is arranged in the shaft and can move relative to the shaft along the vertical direction, the discharger is provided with an upper surface inclined towards the discharge port, and a flue gas through hole is formed in the side wall, facing the discharge port, of the discharger and is communicated with the feed port of the electric arc furnace and the upper part of the discharger;
and the guide roller is arranged at the discharge opening, and the guide roller can control the opening degree of the discharge opening.
The steelmaking equipment as described above, wherein said preheating device further comprises a furnace material conveyor capable of vibrating and transporting the material, and said discharge opening is communicated with said feed opening through said furnace material conveyor.
The steelmaking equipment as described above, wherein sealing members are provided between said discharger and said electric arc furnace, between said discharge opening and said charge conveyor, and between said feed opening and said charge conveyor.
The steelmaking equipment comprises a feeding port, a receiving hopper, a first sliding sealing plate, a second sliding sealing plate and a second sliding sealing plate, wherein the receiving hopper is arranged at the feeding port, the small-diameter end of the receiving hopper is opposite to the feeding port, the small-diameter end of the receiving hopper is connected with the first sliding sealing plate, the first sliding sealing plate can control the opening and closing of the small-diameter end of the receiving hopper, the large-diameter end of the receiving hopper is connected with the second sliding sealing plate, and the second sliding sealing plate can control the opening and closing of the large-diameter end of the receiving hopper.
The steelmaking equipment as described above, wherein said preheating device further includes an inclined feeding mechanism for adding steelmaking raw materials into said receiving hopper, said inclined feeding mechanism is disposed on one side of said vertical shaft, said inclined feeding mechanism includes an inclined guide rail, said guide rail is provided with a traction device and a skip.
The invention also provides a steelmaking method, which comprises the following steps:
putting the steelmaking raw materials into a preheating device for preheating treatment;
putting the preheated steelmaking raw materials into an electric arc furnace for melting treatment, and starting a stirring device to stir the materials in the electric arc furnace so as to melt the steelmaking raw materials into molten steel;
feeding the molten steel formed after the melting treatment into a refining device for refining treatment;
directly putting the refined molten steel into an intermediate smelting device for filtering treatment;
and directly putting the filtered molten steel into a continuous casting machine for cooling treatment so as to solidify the molten steel to form a billet with a preset length.
The steel making method as described above, wherein the steel making raw material includes an iron-containing raw material which is at least one of iron-containing ore, scale, scrap steel, iron-containing dust and iron-containing dust sludge, and a flux which is at least one of quicklime, dolomite and fluorite.
The steelmaking method as described above, wherein the electric arc furnace contains hot charged molten iron, and a weight of the hot charged molten iron is less than or equal to 85% of a weight of the steelmaking material.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the steelmaking equipment provided by the invention cancels the transfer of a steel ladle, realizes the continuous preheating of steelmaking raw materials, the continuous heating of an electric furnace, the continuous smelting of the electric furnace, the continuous refining and the continuous casting, namely the whole steelmaking process can realize dynamic continuous operation, obviously shortens the production period compared with the traditional discontinuous production, improves the production efficiency, saves the energy and improves the product quality;
according to the steelmaking equipment, the molten steel at the position where the steelmaking raw materials fall is stirred by the first stirring device arranged in the electric arc furnace, so that the flowing of the molten steel is promoted, the melting of the steelmaking raw materials is accelerated, the production efficiency is further improved, and the phenomenon that the local liquid molten steel is too low in temperature and is solidified due to the fact that the molten steel around the steelmaking raw materials absorbs a large amount of heat is avoided;
the steelmaking equipment provided by the invention adopts a mode of combining the vertical shaft preheater and the furnace material conveyor, realizes continuous feeding, has a good preheating effect on steelmaking raw materials, improves the utilization rate of flue gas waste heat of an electric arc furnace, effectively reduces the power consumption of smelting, saves energy and reduces the production cost;
according to the steelmaking equipment, the refining electrode and the vacuum refining furnace are driven to exchange and enter the refining device through the rotary lifting mechanism, so that the operation of two working procedures of electrode heating and vacuum refining is realized at one station, the process flow is obviously shortened, and meanwhile, a ladle refining process or a vacuum refining process can be independently used according to the steel type;
the steelmaking method of the invention realizes continuous preheating of steelmaking raw materials, continuous heating of electric furnaces, continuous smelting of electric furnaces, continuous refining and continuous casting, namely, the whole steelmaking process can realize dynamic continuous operation, thus improving production efficiency and product quality.
Drawings
The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating and explaining the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. Wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a steelmaking apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a connection structure of an electric arc furnace, a refining apparatus and an intermediate melting vessel;
FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of an electric arc furnace and refining apparatus;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the connection structure of the intermediate smelter and the continuous caster;
FIG. 5 is a schematic top view of the intermediate smelter;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of a steelmaking process according to the invention.
The reference numbers illustrate:
100. a preheating device;
110. a shaft; 111. a flue gas duct; 112. a flue gas analyzer; 113. a fuel spray gun; 114. a combustion-supporting oxygen lance; 115. a frame;
120. a discharger; 121. a discharging lifting mechanism; 1211. a connecting member; 122. a flue gas through hole; 123. a discharge roller;
130. a guide roller; 131. a telescopic rod; 132. a swing lever; 133. a roller;
140. a charge conveyor; 141. a feed chute;
150. a seal member;
160. a receiving hopper; 161. a first sliding seal plate; 162. a second sliding seal plate;
170. inclining the feeding mechanism; 171. a guide rail; 172. a traction device; 173. tipping; 174. a lift car; 175. a dumping mechanism; 176. a limit stop block;
180. a base; 181. a limit locking structure;
200. an electric arc furnace;
210. a furnace shell; 211. a feed inlet; 212. steel outlet holes; 213. a coherent oxygen lance; 214. an electric arc furnace tilting device;
220. a first stirring device; 221. a spray gun;
230. a furnace cover; 231. an electrode lifting device; 2311. a conductive cross arm; 2312. an electrode; 232. a furnace lid displacement device;
300. a refining device;
310. a furnace body; 311. a liquid inlet; 312. a liquid outlet; 313. a slide plate type control valve; 314. a second stirring device;
320. a sealing cover; 321. perforating;
330. refining the electrode;
340. a vacuum refining furnace;
350. a rotary lifting mechanism; 351. a connecting arm;
400. an intermediate smelter;
410. an inlet; 411. a long nozzle; 4111. a flow detector;
420. an outlet; 421. an immersed long nozzle;
430. a slag trap; 431. a filter;
440. a turbulence suppressor;
450. a molten steel flow control device;
460. a plasma burner;
500. a continuous casting machine;
510. a crystallizer;
520. a secondary cooling zone;
530. a straightening roll;
600. a steelmaking raw material.
Detailed Description
In order to clearly understand the technical solution, the purpose and the effect of the present invention, a detailed description of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Where adjective or adverbial modifiers "horizontal" and "vertical," "upper" and "lower," "top" and "bottom," "inner" and "outer" are used merely to facilitate relative reference between groups of terms, and do not describe any particular directional limitation on the modified terms. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated, whereby a feature defined as "first", "second", etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a steel-making apparatus, which comprises a preheating device 100, an electric arc furnace 200, a refining device 300, an intermediate smelting device 400 and a continuous casting machine 500, which are connected in sequence, specifically:
the preheating device 100 is provided with a feeding opening and a discharging opening, the preheating device 100 can preheat steel-making raw materials 600 (such as scrap steel or iron-containing raw materials), the steel-making raw materials 600 enter the preheating device 100 through the feeding opening, and the preheated raw materials are discharged through the discharging opening;
the electric arc furnace 200 comprises a furnace shell 210, wherein a feed inlet 211 and a steel outlet 212 are arranged on the furnace shell 210, the feed inlet 211 is communicated with a discharge outlet, the steelmaking raw material 600 discharged by the preheating device 100 can directly enter the furnace shell 210 through the feed inlet 211, the steelmaking raw material 600 is melted into molten steel by the electric arc furnace 200, a first stirring device 220 for stirring the molten steel is arranged at the bottom of the furnace shell 210, the first stirring device 220 can convey the high-temperature molten steel near an electrode 2312 of the electric arc furnace 200 to a falling area of the steelmaking raw material 600, so that the high-temperature molten steel continuously washes and heats the falling steelmaking raw material 600, the molten steel cooled by the steelmaking raw material 600 rises to the liquid level of the molten steel and then flows to a heating area of the electrode 2312, the low-temperature molten steel is heated by the electrode 2312, the heated high-temperature molten steel is conveyed to the falling area of the steelmaking raw material 600 again, the phenomenon that the molten steel around the steelmaking raw material 600 is solidified due to the fact that a large amount of heat of the steelmaking raw material 600 is absorbed, and the temperature of the local liquid molten steel is too low is avoided;
the refining device 300 is provided with a liquid inlet 311 and a liquid outlet 312, the liquid inlet 311 is communicated with the steel tapping hole 212, molten steel formed by melting through the electric arc furnace 200 can directly enter the refining device 300 through the liquid inlet 311, the refining device 300 can refine the molten steel and accurately control inclusions and alloy components in the molten steel to realize cleaning of the molten steel, wherein the refining device 300 can adopt a ladle refining furnace, a VOD refining furnace or other refining equipment, and details are not repeated herein;
the intermediate smelting device 400 is provided with an inlet 410 and an outlet 420, the inlet 410 is communicated with the liquid outlet 312, a filtering component is arranged in the intermediate smelting device 400, the refined molten steel can directly flow into the intermediate smelting device 400 through the inlet 410, and the intermediate smelting device 400 can filter the refined molten steel, remove impurities in the molten steel and further purify the molten steel;
the continuous casting machine 500 is provided with a feeding port which is communicated with the outlet 420, purified molten steel can directly enter the continuous casting machine 500 through the feeding port, the continuous casting machine 500 comprises a crystallizer 510 and a secondary cooling area 520, the specific structure of the continuous casting machine 500 is the prior art, details are not described herein, the crystallizer 510 can cool and cool the liquid molten steel to realize initial solidification of the molten steel, the molten steel wrapped by a billet shell with a certain thickness enters the secondary cooling area 520, cooling is continuously performed in the secondary cooling area 520 until the liquid molten steel in the core part of a continuous billet is completely solidified to form the billet, and the billet can directly enter a hot rolling process to be rolled to produce products with different dimensions.
Wherein, the electric arc furnace 200 is operated periodically, molten steel is discharged into the refining device 300 after one smelting period is finished, the electric arc furnace 200 will carry out smelting of the next period, namely, the electric arc furnace 200 is produced in a mode of discontinuous tapping; the refining device 300 finishes refining in a refining period, molten steel is conveyed into the intermediate smelting device 400 after refining is finished, the intermediate smelting device 400 and the continuous casting machine 500 adopt continuous production, and the molten steel capacity in the intermediate smelting device 400 can meet the requirement that the refining device 300 can continuously convey the molten steel to the continuous casting machine 500 in a refining period, so that the continuity of continuous casting is realized.
It should be noted that the steelmaking apparatus may include two electric arc furnaces 200 connected in series, the former electric arc furnace 200 mainly implements scrap melting and dephosphorization processes, the latter electric arc furnace 200 implements desulfurization and decarburization processes, and the latter electric arc furnace 200 is connected to the refining apparatus 300 for refining, so as to implement the series connection process of dephosphorization, decarburization and desulfurization processes of the electric arc furnace 200.
According to the steelmaking equipment provided by the invention, the preheating device 100, the electric arc furnace 200, the refining device 300, the intermediate smelting device 400 and the continuous casting machine 500 are sequentially communicated, the transfer of a ladle is cancelled, the transportation equipment among workshop processes is reduced, the continuous preheating of the steelmaking raw material 600, the continuous heating of the electric furnace, the continuous smelting of the electric furnace, the continuous refining and the continuous casting are realized, namely the dynamic continuous operation can be realized in the whole steelmaking process, the production period is shortened, the molten steel at the position where the steelmaking raw material 600 falls is stirred by using the first stirring device 220, the flowing of the molten steel is promoted, the melting of the steelmaking raw material 600 is accelerated, and the production efficiency is effectively improved.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the preheating device 100 includes a preheating device 100 including a shaft preheater including a shaft 110, an unloader 120, and guide rollers 130, wherein:
the external of the shaft 110 is connected with a frame 115, a feeding port is arranged at the upper end of the shaft 110, a discharging port is arranged at the lower part of the side wall of the shaft 110, specifically, the feeding port can be sealed, the upper end of the side wall of the shaft 110 is connected with a flue gas pipeline 111, the flue gas pipeline 111 is connected with a flue gas analyzer 112 for detecting flue gas components, the specific structure and the use principle of the flue gas analyzer 112 are the prior art, and are not described herein again, a fuel spray gun 113 and a combustion-supporting oxygen lance 114 are arranged in the shaft 110, the fuel spray gun 113 and the combustion-supporting oxygen lance 114 are both positioned below the feeding port and above a discharger 120, specifically, a spray gun base is arranged on the inner wall of the shaft 110, the spray gun base can horizontally extend and retract relative to the shaft 110, the fuel spray gun 113 and the combustion-supporting oxygen lance 114 can be rotatably connected to the spray gun base, so, the fuel spray gun 113 and the combustion-supporting oxygen lance 114 are used for spraying oxygen or other fuels, and can be used for preheating the steelmaking raw material 600 and cutting the steelmaking raw material 600 accumulated in the shaft 110, and the residual combustible gas in the flue gas in the shaft 110 can be combusted in a flame area of the spray gun 221 so as to avoid the release of harmful substances such as dioxin and the like;
the discharger 120 is arranged in the shaft 110 and can move relative to the shaft 110 along the vertical direction, the discharger 120 has an upper surface inclined towards the discharge port, specifically, the upper end of the discharger 120 is provided with a plurality of discharging rollers 123, the discharging rollers 123 are uniformly distributed at intervals and form the upper surface of the discharger 120, the included angle between the upper surface and the horizontal plane is 30-60 degrees, so that the steelmaking raw material 600 can smoothly move towards the discharge port, the side wall of the discharger 120 facing the discharge port is provided with a flue gas through hole 122, the flue gas through hole 122 is communicated with the feed port 211 of the electric arc furnace 200 and the upper part of the discharger 120, flue gas in the electric arc furnace 200 can sequentially pass through the feed port 211, the discharge port and the flue gas through hole 122, and flows into the upper part of the discharger 120 through a gap between two adjacent discharging rollers 123 to exchange heat with the steelmaking raw material 600 above the discharger 120, and cooled flue gas after heat exchange is discharged through the flue gas, the steelmaking raw material 600 with the increased temperature after heat exchange can enter the electric arc furnace 200 to be melted, the lower part of the discharger 120 is connected with a discharge lifting mechanism 121 through a connecting piece 1211, and the discharge lifting mechanism 121 can drive the discharger 120 to move relative to the shaft 110 along the vertical direction;
the guide roller 130 is arranged at the discharge port, the guide roller 130 can control the opening degree of the discharge port, specifically, the guide roller 130 comprises an expansion link 131, a swing rod 132 and a roller 133, one end of the expansion link 131 is hinged with a frame 115 of the shaft 110, the other end of the expansion link 131 is hinged with a rotation center of the roller 133, one end of the swing rod 132 is hinged with the frame 115 of the shaft 110, the other end of the swing rod 132 is hinged with the rotation center of the guide roller 130, one end of the expansion link 131 and one end of the swing rod 132 are arranged in a staggered mode, the discharger 120 can adjust the position of the steelmaking raw material 600 in the shaft 110 in the height direction, the guide roller 130 can control the opening degree of the discharge port, different discharging speeds can be achieved through the combined action of the discharger 120 and the guide roller 130, and the roller 133 can seal the discharge port to achieve the.
It should be noted that, in order to adjust the position of the shaft 110 preheater, when the shaft 110 preheater is disposed on the base 180, specifically, the frame 115 and the unloading lifting mechanism 121 are both connected to the base 180, and the position of the shaft 110 preheater is adjusted by adjusting the height of the base 180, so that the feeding port 211 can be smoothly connected to the discharging port.
Of course, the electric arc furnace 200, the refining apparatus 300, and the intermediate melting furnace 400 may be provided on the base 180 so that the positions of the electric arc furnace 200, the refining apparatus 300, and the intermediate melting furnace 400 are adjusted to allow molten steel to smoothly flow.
Further, the preheating device 100 further comprises a furnace material conveyor 140 capable of vibrating to convey materials, the discharge opening is communicated with the feed opening 211 through the furnace material conveyor 140, specifically, the furnace material conveyor 140 is positioned above the base 180 and fixed on the base 180 through a limit locking structure 181, so as to avoid the situation that the feed chute 141 moves in the feeding process, the limit locking structure 181 can be a limit block or a chain, two ends of the feed chute 141 of the furnace material conveyor 140 respectively extend into the discharge opening and the feed opening 211, the feed chute 141 adopts a telescopic structural design, and when the furnace material conveyor 140 cannot meet the requirement of the throwing position of the steelmaking raw materials 600, the dynamic adjustment of the throwing position of the steelmaking raw materials 600 is realized by adjusting the length of the feed chute 141; the feeding chute 141 can adopt a mechanical vibration mode to horizontally convey the steelmaking raw materials 600 and also can adopt a chain grate mode to convey; the furnace material conveyor 140 adopts a variable frequency motor to realize dynamic adjustment of the vibration amplitude and frequency of the feeding chute 141, meet different feeding speed requirements, and control the feeding capacity at a feeding speed of 0.4-4.5 tons/min; the feed chute 141 can adopt a U-shaped structure, and simultaneously, the U-shaped inner wall of the groove is processed into a raised shape like a Chinese character tian along the inner wall of the U-shaped groove, so that the friction force of the feed chute 141 to the steelmaking raw material 600 is increased, the steelmaking raw material 600 is prevented from slipping and rolling, a vertical shaft preheater and a horizontal vibration furnace material conveyor 140 are combined, continuous feeding is realized, the preheating effect of the steelmaking raw material 600 is good, the utilization rate of the flue gas waste heat of the electric arc furnace 200 is improved, the power consumption of smelting is effectively reduced, the energy is saved, and the production cost is reduced.
Still further, sealing elements 150 are respectively arranged between the discharger 120 and the electric arc furnace 200, between the discharge opening and the furnace material conveyor 140, and between the feed opening 211 and the furnace material conveyor 140, specifically, the sealing elements 150 can be made of flexible materials such as refractory cotton and refractory fiber, and are used for flexible sealing, so that the smoke is prevented from overflowing.
Further, as shown in fig. 1, a receiving funnel 160 is disposed at the feeding port, the small diameter end of the receiving funnel 160 is disposed opposite to the feeding port, the small diameter end of the receiving funnel 160 is connected with a first sliding sealing plate 161, the first sliding sealing plate 161 can control the opening and closing of the small diameter end of the receiving funnel 160, the large diameter end of the receiving funnel 160 is connected with a second sliding sealing plate 162, the second sliding sealing plate 162 can control the opening and closing of the large diameter end of the receiving funnel 160, the receiving funnel 160 can close the feeding port, when in use, the second sliding sealing plate 162 is opened, the first sliding sealing plate 161 is closed, the steelmaking raw material 600 is added into the receiving funnel 160, the discharger 120 is lifted to the highest position, the second sliding sealing plate 162 is closed, the first sliding sealing plate 161 is opened, the steelmaking raw material 600 gradually falls to the lower section of the shaft 110 to form a steelmaking stacking area, the steelmaking raw material 600 which subsequently falls gradually on the steelmaking raw material 600 which previously falls, through setting up double seal at pan feeding mouth, realize that steelmaking raw materials 600 adds shaft 110 in-process high temperature flue gas and does not take place to scatter and overflow.
Further, as shown in fig. 1, in order to facilitate the transportation of the steelmaking material 600, the preheating device 100 further includes an inclined feeding mechanism 170 for feeding the steelmaking material 600 into the receiving hopper 160, the inclined feeding mechanism 170 is disposed at one side of the shaft 110, the inclined feeding mechanism 170 includes a guide rail 171 disposed in an inclined manner, one end of the guide rail 171 is disposed at the ground stacking position, the other end of the guide rail 171 is disposed above the receiving hopper 160, a traction device 172 and a skip 173 are disposed on the guide rail 171, the skip 173 is disposed at the upper end of the guide rail 171 and is connected to the traction device 172 through a lifting truck 174, a dumping mechanism 175 is disposed on the lifting truck 174, the dumping mechanism 175 can lift the skip 173 away from one side of the receiving hopper 160 to dump the steelmaking material 600 in the skip 173 into the receiving hopper 160, a limit stopper 176 is disposed on the guide rail 171 at a position corresponding to the receiving hopper 160, the limit stopper 176 can limit the displacement of the lifting truck 174, when the lift car 174 moves to the limit stopper 176, the dumping mechanism 175 is driven to dump the dump bucket 173, so as to dump the steelmaking raw material 600 into the receiving hopper 160, thereby facilitating the loading operation.
Of course, a chain grate device can also be used for continuous feeding, and the specific working principle is the prior art and is not described herein again.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the first stirring device 220 comprises at least two spray guns 221 spaced apart from each other, specifically, at least one spray gun 221 is disposed at a falling position of the steelmaking material 600, at least one spray gun 221 is disposed at a falling position away from the steelmaking material 600, the spray guns 221 are connected to the inner wall of the furnace shell 210, the spray guns 221 are spaced apart from the steel-tapping holes 212, air bricks are laid at outlet positions of the spray guns 221, pipes (not shown) capable of being connected to an external gas source are connected to the spray guns 221, specifically, the pipes are disposed at the bottom of the shell, and the external gas source can be argon, nitrogen, oxygen, CO2、O2With CO2Mixed gases or other inert gases.
Further, a regulating valve (not shown in the figure) is arranged on the pipeline, the regulating valve regulates the flow area of the pipeline, specifically, as shown in fig. 3, four spray guns 221 are arranged at the bottom of the furnace shell 210, the four spray guns 221 are respectively a first spray gun, a second spray gun, a third spray gun and a fourth spray gun, the gas flow rates of the first spray gun, the second spray gun and the third spray gun are determined according to the distribution position of the steel-making raw material 600 falling to the bottom of the furnace shell 210, if the steel-making raw material 600 is mainly distributed in the area close to the first spray gun, only the pipeline communicated with the first spray gun can be selected to be opened, the high-temperature molten steel is promoted to flow to the position of the first spray gun, and the melting of; if the steelmaking raw materials 600 are mainly distributed in the areas of the first spray gun, the second spray gun and the third spray gun, the pipelines communicated with the first spray gun, the second spray gun and the third spray gun are selectively opened, so that a larger molten steel flowing and stirring function is realized, the high-temperature molten steel is promoted to quickly melt the steelmaking raw materials 600, the surface layer skull phenomenon of the steelmaking raw materials 600 is reduced, and the fourth spray gun is mainly used for stirring the molten steel in the electric furnace molten pool to promote the flowing of the molten steel.
Furthermore, flow meters may be provided on the pipes to facilitate accurate or controlled gas flow into the furnace 200.
Still further, a detachable cover on the furnace shell 210 is provided with a furnace cover 230, the furnace cover 230 is provided with an observation hole (not shown in the figure), a camera (not shown in the figure) for observing the inside of the furnace shell 210 is arranged on the observation hole, and the falling position of the steelmaking raw material 600 is observed through the camera, so that the opening of a proper regulating valve is timely controlled according to the actual falling position of the steelmaking raw material 600, and the high-temperature molten steel is promoted to rapidly melt the steelmaking raw material 600.
In addition, a coherent oxygen lance 213 is arranged in the furnace shell 210, the electric arc furnace 200 further comprises an electrode 2312, a conductive cross arm 2311, an electrode lifting device 231, a furnace cover 230 displacement device and an electric arc furnace tilting device 214, the specific connection structure and the use principle of the components are similar to those of the electric arc furnace 200 in the prior art, and the detailed description is omitted;
as shown in FIG. 3, the coherent oxygen lance 213 can be movably connected to the inner wall of the furnace shell 210, the coherent oxygen lance 213 can swing and can also move close to or away from the furnace shell, the coherent oxygen lance 213 can be connected to the inner wall of the furnace shell 210 through an expansion pipe, the coherent oxygen lance 213 is hinged and communicated with the expansion pipe, the coherent oxygen lance 213 can also be movably connected to the inner wall of the furnace shell 210 in other modes, and carbon powder can be sprayed into the furnace shell 210 through the coherent oxygen lance 213.
In a specific embodiment, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the refining apparatus 300 includes a furnace body 310, a sealing cover 320, a refining electrode 330 and a vacuum refining furnace 340, the upper end of the furnace body 310 is opened to form a liquid inlet 311, a liquid outlet 312 is disposed at the bottom of the furnace body 310, the sealing cover 320 can seal the sealing cover 320 at the upper end of the furnace body 310, the refining electrode 330 and the vacuum refining furnace 340 can both extend into the furnace body 310, the sealing cover 320 is provided with a through hole 321 for inserting the refining electrode 330, the refining electrode 330 can be inserted into the furnace body 310 through the through hole 321, the furnace body 310 is connected with a rotary lifting mechanism 350, the sealing cover 320, the refining electrode 330 and the vacuum refining furnace 340 are all connected with the rotary lifting mechanism 350, the rotary lifting mechanism 350 can drive the sealing cover 320, the refining electrode 330 and the vacuum refining furnace 340 to move up and down and rotate horizontally, after the refining electrode 330 heats the alloying element, the rotary lifting mechanism 350 firstly lifts the refining electrode 330 out of And then lifting the sealing cover 320 upwards to separate the sealing cover 320 from the furnace body 310, rotating the sealing cover 320 to a sealing cover parking position, finally rotating the vacuum refining furnace 340 to the upper part of the furnace body 310 and opposite to a working station, then reducing the height of the vacuum refining furnace 340, carrying out vacuum refining on the molten steel by using the vacuum refining furnace 340, preferably selecting vacuum refining equipment in the form of RH or DH by using the vacuum refining furnace 340, lifting and vacuum degassing the molten steel by using a gas circulation lifting device, and removing dissolved [ H ], [ N ], [ O ] in the molten steel by using the vacuum equipment so as to reduce the gas content in the molten steel.
When the refining electrode 300 needs to be reused, the vacuum refining furnace 340 is moved to the position where the refining furnace is parked by rotating the lifting mechanism 350, the sealing cover 320 is moved to the sealing cover arranged at the upper end of the furnace body 310, and the refining electrode 330 can be inserted into the furnace body 310 through the through hole 321.
Further, as shown in fig. 3, the rotary lifting mechanism 350 includes a hydraulic cylinder (not shown in the figure), the cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder is connected with the furnace body 310, the sealing cover 320, the refining electrode 330 and the vacuum refining furnace 340 are respectively connected with the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder through a connecting arm 351 which can rotate, the piston rod can vertically extend upwards out of the cylinder body and also retract into the cylinder body, the sealing cover 320, the refining electrode 330 and the vacuum refining furnace 340 are driven to move up and down through the telescopic movement of the piston rod, the upper end of the piston rod is rotatably connected with three connecting arms 351, the free ends of the three connecting arms 351 are respectively connected with the sealing cover 320, the refining electrode 330 and the vacuum refining furnace 340, wherein, the upper part of the piston rod can be connected with a gear matching mechanism of an external gear and an internal gear ring, the connecting arms 351, it is not described herein, and the connecting arm 351 may be connected to the piston rod via a hinge.
Further, as shown in fig. 2, a slide plate type control valve 313 is connected to the liquid outlet 312, the specific structure of the slide plate type control valve 313 is the prior art, and details are not repeated herein, and the amount of molten steel discharged from the refining apparatus 300 is controlled by adjusting the opening degree of the slide plate type control valve 313, so that the molten steel is stably conveyed in a state meeting the requirements of the subsequent process.
Further, a second stirring device 314 for stirring molten steel is arranged at the bottom of the furnace body 310, the specific structure of the second stirring device 314 is the same as that of the first stirring device 220, and is not described herein again, the second stirring device 314 can promote the circulation of the molten steel in the furnace body 310, and the second stirring device 314 is located in the 1/6-1/3 area of the horizontal length of the furnace body 310.
In a specific embodiment, as shown in fig. 2 and 5, a plasma burner 460 is further disposed in the intermediate smelting device 400, the specific structure of the plasma burner 460 is the prior art, and details are not repeated herein, and the plasma burner 460 can perform temperature rise control on the molten steel in the intermediate smelting device 400 to eliminate a local low temperature zone inside the intermediate smelting device 400, so as to homogenize the temperature of the molten steel.
Further, as shown in fig. 5, the filtering assembly includes at least one slag trap 430, the slag trap 430 is disposed between the inlet 410 and the outlet 420, preferably, the slag trap 430 is disposed around the outside of the inlet 410, the slag trap 430 may be annular, plate-shaped, or semi-annular, a plurality of through holes are disposed on the slag trap 430, a filter 431 is disposed in the through holes, and the filter 431 can capture impurities in the molten steel to further purify the molten steel.
Further, as shown in fig. 4, the inlet 410 communicates with the outlet 312 through the long nozzle 411, and the outlet 420 end of the long nozzle 411 extends into the intermediate smelter 400, specifically, a long nozzle 411 is connected at the liquid outlet port 312, the long nozzle 411 extends to the interior of the intermediate smelting device 400, the molten steel discharged from the refining device 300 enters the intermediate smelting device 400 through the long nozzle 411, the filtering assembly further comprises a turbulence inhibitor 440, the turbulence inhibitor 440 is connected to the inner wall of the intermediate smelting device 400 corresponding to the outlet end position of the long nozzle 411, the molten steel introduced into the intermediate smelter 400 through the long nozzle 411 directly falls to the turbulence suppressor 440, and the turbulence suppressor 440 enables the molten steel to smoothly flow at the bottom of the intermediate smelter 400, to avoid large splashing and fluctuation of the liquid level, the specific structure and operation principle of the turbulence suppressor 440 are the prior art, and are not described herein again.
Still further, the distance between the turbulent flow inhibitor 440 and the outlet 420 end of the long nozzle 411 is less than or equal to 400mm, so as to ensure the flow control effect of the turbulent flow inhibitor 440.
Still further, the long nozzle 411 is connected with a flow detector 4111, and the flow detector 4111 can accurately measure the flow rate of the molten steel in the long nozzle 411, so that the opening of the slide plate type control valve 313 of the refining device 300 can be adjusted in real time according to the flow rate of the molten steel in the long nozzle 411, and the molten steel can be stably conveyed in a state meeting the requirements of the subsequent process.
Further, a molten steel flow control device 450 is arranged in the intermediate smelter 400 at a position corresponding to the outlet 420, the molten steel flow control device 450 can move up and down relative to the intermediate smelter 400, the flow speed and flow of molten steel are controlled by adjusting the size of a gap between the bottom of the molten steel flow control device 450 and the outlet 420, so as to control the flow of molten steel, wherein the specific structure of the molten steel flow control device 450 is the prior art, and is not repeated herein, during steelmaking, the flow of molten steel entering the continuous casting machine 500 is controlled by the lifting of the molten steel flow control device 450, and the opening degree of the sliding plate type control valve 313 of the refining device 300 is coordinated, so that the flow of molten steel entering the intermediate smelter 400 from the refining device 300 is equal to the flow of molten steel discharged from the intermediate smelter, the molten steel amount in the intermediate smelter 400 is ensured to be constant, and the fluctuation of the liquid level of molten steel in the, in the actual production, a certain deviation between the inflow amount and the outflow amount of the molten steel in the intermediate melting furnace 400 is allowed, and specifically, the molten steel level in the intermediate melting furnace 400 is allowed to fluctuate within a range of 100mm, so that dynamic adjustment of the front and rear processes is realized by the intermediate melting furnace 400 to meet the continuity and stability of the molten steel flow rate.
It should be noted that the intermediate smelting vessel may have a plurality of outlets 420 arranged at intervals, and a molten steel flow control device 450 is arranged at each outlet 420, so as to meet the requirement of simultaneous pouring of multiple continuous casting facilities.
As shown in fig. 6, the present invention also provides a steel making method using the above steel making apparatus, the steel making method comprising the steps of:
step 210: the steelmaking raw material 600 is put into the preheating device 100 for preheating treatment, specifically, the steelmaking raw material 600 is put into a skip 173, the lift truck 174 is lifted by the traction device 172, the lift truck 174 rises along the guide rail 171, when the lift truck 174 rises to a limit stop, the lift truck 174 is stopped by the limit stop 176 to continue rising, the second sliding sealing plate 162 on the upper part of the receiving hopper 160 is opened, the dumping mechanism 175 is driven to dump the skip 173, the steelmaking raw material 600 is dumped into the receiving hopper 160, the skip 173 is restored to the horizontal position by the dumping mechanism again, the traction device 172 lowers the lift truck 174 to the lowest position, and the next charging is carried out; then closing the second sliding sealing plate 162, opening the first sliding sealing plate 161, the steelmaking material 600 gradually falls to the lower section of the shaft 110, and forming a stacking zone, the steelmaking material 600 subsequently falling gradually falls on the previously falling steelmaking material 600, and finally closing the first sliding sealing plate 161, and preheating the stacked steelmaking material 600 by the flue gas generated from the electric arc furnace 200;
step 220: the preheated steelmaking raw material 600 is put into the electric arc furnace 200 for melting, and the stirring device is started to stir the liquid in the electric arc furnace 200, so that the steelmaking raw material 600 is melted into molten steel, specifically, the steelmaking raw material 600 preheated to the preset temperature stably falls to the furnace charge conveyor 140 through the rotation of the discharging roller 123 under the control of the discharger 120, the furnace charge conveyor 140 determines the corresponding conveying speed according to the production process requirements, the uniform and stable conveying of furnace charges is realized, the heating quantity of the steelmaking raw material 600 required by the smelting period of the electric arc furnace 200 is met, the steelmaking raw material 600 is uniformly distributed in the falling area, the first stirring device 220 is simultaneously started, the flowing of the molten steel is promoted by the first stirring device 220, the molten steel is continuously heated by the electrode 2312, the rapid flowing of the high-temperature molten steel to the falling area of the steelmaking raw material 600 is realized, and the rapid melting of the steelmaking raw material is promoted, the specific structure and the working principle of the first stirring device 220 are described above, and are not described herein again;
step 230: the molten steel formed after the melting treatment is put into the refining device 300 for refining treatment, specifically, the molten steel meeting the process requirements is continuously conveyed into the refining device 300 from the steel-tapping hole 212 of the electric arc furnace 200, the second stirring device 314 in the refining device 300 is started, the molten steel in the refining device 300 is stirred by the second stirring device 314, the circulating flow of the molten steel is realized, the homogenization of the temperature and the components is realized, meanwhile, the refining electrode 330 is inserted into the furnace body 310 through the through hole 321 of the sealing cover 320 by the rotary lifting mechanism 350, the power supply of the refining electrode 330 is started, the molten steel in the refining device 300 is heated by the refining electrode 330, and simultaneously alloy materials are added into the refining device 300, so that the alloy elements of the molten steel meet the preset requirements, when the molten steel needs to be subjected to vacuum treatment, after the alloy elements are heated by the refining electrode 330 for alloying, the rotary lifting mechanism 350 firstly lifts the refining electrode 330 out of the furnace body 310 and rotates to the parking position of the refining, lifting the sealing cover 320 upwards to separate the sealing cover 320 from the furnace body 310, rotating the sealing cover 320 to a position where the sealing cover 320 is parked, rotating the vacuum refining furnace 340 above the furnace body 310 and facing the work station, then lowering the height of the vacuum refining furnace 340, and performing vacuum refining on molten steel by using the vacuum refining furnace 340, wherein the specific structure of the rotary lifting mechanism 350 is described above and is not detailed herein;
step 240: the refined molten steel is directly put into an intermediate smelting device 400 for filtration treatment, specifically, the molten steel meeting the process requirements enters the intermediate smelting device 400 according to a preset flow under the control of a sliding plate type control valve 313 arranged at a liquid outlet 312 and a flow detector 4111 arranged on a long nozzle 411, the molten steel entering the intermediate smelting device 400 firstly utilizes a turbulence suppressor 440 to control the turbulence of the molten steel discharged from the long nozzle 411, the impact of the molten steel is reduced, the phenomena of slag entrapment and the like of the molten steel are reduced, the quality of the molten steel is improved, impurities in the molten steel are filtered and removed through a filter 431 on a slag blocking plate 430, the molten steel is further purified, and finally, the quantity of the molten steel flowing out of the intermediate smelting device 400 is controlled by adjusting the size of a gap between the bottom of a molten steel flow control device 450 and an outlet 420, so as to meet the continuity and stability of the molten steel flow;
step 250: the filtered molten steel is directly fed into the continuous casting machine 500 for cooling treatment, so that the molten steel is solidified to form a billet with a preset length, specifically, the molten steel discharged from the outlet 420 enters the crystallizer 510 of the continuous casting machine 500 through a submerged nozzle, the molten steel is solidified into a billet shell with a certain thickness in the crystallizer 510, the solidified billet shell and part of the liquid molten steel leave the crystallizer 510 under the action of a billet drawing of the straightening roll 530, the continuous casting billet is cooled by water spraying in the secondary cooling area 520 until the liquid molten steel in the billet shell is completely solidified, and the solidified continuous casting billet is cut into the billet with the preset length;
of course, the resulting slab may be directly sent to a hot rolling process for rolling to produce steel products of different specifications and dimensions.
The steelmaking method of the invention realizes the continuous preheating of the steelmaking raw material 600, the continuous heating of the electric furnace, the continuous smelting of the electric furnace, the continuous refining and the continuous casting, namely the whole steelmaking process can realize the dynamic continuous operation, and compared with the traditional discontinuous production, the steelmaking method can obviously shorten the production period, improve the production efficiency, save the energy and improve the product quality.
Further, the steelmaking material 600 includes an iron-containing material and a flux, the iron-containing material is at least one of iron-containing ore, scale, scrap, iron-containing dust, and the flux is at least one of quicklime, dolomite, and fluorite, and if the iron-containing material is a mixture, the proportions of the iron-containing ore, the scale, the iron-containing dust, and the iron-containing dust are not limited, and if the flux is a mixture, the proportions of the quicklime, the dolomite, and the fluorite are not limited.
Further, hot charging molten iron is contained in the electric arc furnace 200, the weight of the hot charging molten iron is less than or equal to 85% of the weight of the steelmaking raw material 600, the consumption of the steelmaking raw material 600 is reduced by arranging the hot charging molten iron in the electric arc furnace 200, and meanwhile, the hot charging molten iron carries a large amount of physical heat, so that the smelting period can be obviously shortened, and the yield of the electric arc furnace 200 is improved.
In conclusion, the steelmaking equipment provided by the invention cancels the transfer of the steel ladle, realizes the continuous preheating of steelmaking raw materials, the continuous heating of the electric furnace, the continuous smelting of the electric furnace, the continuous refining and the continuous casting, namely the whole steelmaking process can realize dynamic continuous operation, obviously shortens the production period compared with the traditional discontinuous production, improves the production efficiency, saves the energy and improves the product quality;
according to the steelmaking equipment, the molten steel at the position where the steelmaking raw materials fall is stirred by the first stirring device arranged in the electric arc furnace, so that the flowing of the molten steel is promoted, the melting of the steelmaking raw materials is accelerated, the production efficiency is further improved, and the phenomenon that the local liquid molten steel is too low in temperature and is solidified due to the fact that the molten steel around the steelmaking raw materials absorbs a large amount of heat is avoided;
the steelmaking equipment provided by the invention adopts a mode of combining the vertical shaft preheater and the furnace material conveyor, realizes continuous feeding, has a good preheating effect on steelmaking raw materials, improves the utilization rate of flue gas waste heat of an electric arc furnace, effectively reduces the power consumption of smelting, saves energy and reduces the production cost;
according to the steelmaking equipment, the refining electrode and the vacuum refining furnace are driven to exchange and enter the refining device through the rotary lifting mechanism, so that the operation of two working procedures of electrode heating and vacuum refining is realized at one station, the process flow is obviously shortened, and meanwhile, a ladle refining process or a vacuum refining process can be independently used according to the steel type;
the steelmaking method of the invention realizes continuous preheating of steelmaking raw materials, continuous heating of electric furnaces, continuous smelting of electric furnaces, continuous refining and continuous casting, namely, the whole steelmaking process can realize dynamic continuous operation, thus improving production efficiency and product quality.
The above description is only an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any equivalent changes and modifications that can be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention should fall within the protection scope of the invention. It should be noted that the components of the present invention are not limited to the above-mentioned whole application, and various technical features described in the present specification can be selected to be used alone or in combination according to actual needs, so that the present invention naturally covers other combinations and specific applications related to the invention.
Claims (22)
1. A steelmaking apparatus, characterized in that the steelmaking apparatus comprises:
the preheating device is provided with a feeding port and a discharging port;
the electric arc furnace comprises a furnace shell, wherein a feed inlet and a steel tapping hole are formed in the furnace shell, the feed inlet is communicated with the discharge outlet, and a first stirring device for stirring molten steel is arranged at the bottom of the furnace shell;
the refining device is provided with a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet, and the liquid inlet is communicated with the tapping hole;
the intermediate smelting device is provided with an inlet and an outlet, the inlet is communicated with the liquid outlet, and a filtering assembly is arranged in the intermediate smelting device;
the continuous casting machine is provided with a feeding port and a steel tapping port, and the feeding port is communicated with the outlet.
2. Steelmaking apparatus as claimed in claim 1,
refining plant includes furnace body, sealed lid, refining electrode and vacuum refining furnace, open the formation in the upper end of furnace body the inlet, the liquid outlet set up in the bottom of furnace body, sealed lid can seal the lid and locate the upper end of furnace body, refining electrode with the vacuum refining furnace homoenergetic stretches into in the furnace body, be connected with rotatory elevating system on the furnace body, sealed lid refining electrode with the vacuum refining furnace all with rotatory elevating system meets, rotatory elevating system can drive sealed lid refining electrode with the vacuum refining furnace reciprocates and the level rotates.
3. Steelmaking apparatus as claimed in claim 2,
the rotary lifting mechanism comprises a hydraulic cylinder, the cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder is connected with the furnace body, and the sealing cover, the refining electrode and the vacuum refining furnace are respectively connected with a piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder through a connecting arm in a rotatable manner.
4. Steelmaking apparatus as claimed in claim 2,
and a sliding plate type control valve is connected at the liquid outlet.
5. Steelmaking apparatus as claimed in claim 2,
and a second stirring device for stirring molten steel is arranged at the bottom of the furnace body.
6. Steelmaking apparatus as claimed in claim 1,
and a plasma burner is also arranged in the intermediate smelting device.
7. Steelmaking apparatus as claimed in claim 1,
the filter assembly comprises at least one slag trap, the slag trap is arranged between the inlet and the outlet, a plurality of through holes are arranged on the slag trap, and a filter is arranged in each through hole.
8. Steelmaking apparatus as claimed in claim 7,
the inlet is communicated with the liquid outlet through a long nozzle, the outlet end of the long nozzle extends into the intermediate smelting device, the filtering assembly further comprises a turbulence suppressor, and the position of the turbulence suppressor, corresponding to the outlet end of the long nozzle, is connected to the inner wall of the intermediate smelting device.
9. Steelmaking apparatus as claimed in claim 8,
the distance between the turbulence inhibitor and the outlet end of the long nozzle is less than or equal to 400 mm.
10. Steelmaking apparatus as claimed in claim 8,
and the long water gap is connected with a flow detector.
11. Steelmaking apparatus as claimed in claim 1,
and a molten steel flow control device is arranged in the intermediate smelting device at a position corresponding to the outlet.
12. Steelmaking apparatus as claimed in claim 1,
the first stirring device comprises at least two spray guns arranged at intervals, the spray guns are connected to the inner wall of the furnace shell, the spray guns are arranged at intervals with the steel tapping holes, and pipelines which can be connected with an external air source are connected to the spray guns.
13. Steelmaking apparatus as claimed in claim 12,
and the pipeline is provided with an adjusting valve.
14. Steelmaking apparatus as claimed in claim 13,
the furnace cover is characterized in that a cover which can be separated from the furnace shell is provided with a furnace cover, an observation hole is formed in the furnace cover, and a camera which is used for observing the inside of the furnace shell is arranged on the observation hole.
15. Steelmaking apparatus as claimed in claim 1,
the preheating device comprises a shaft preheater, and the shaft preheater comprises:
the feeding port is arranged at the upper end of the vertical shaft, and the discharging port is arranged at the lower part of the side wall of the vertical shaft;
the discharger is arranged in the shaft and can move relative to the shaft along the vertical direction, the discharger is provided with an upper surface inclined towards the discharge port, and a flue gas through hole is formed in the side wall, facing the discharge port, of the discharger and is communicated with the feed port of the electric arc furnace and the upper part of the discharger;
and the guide roller is arranged at the discharge opening, and the guide roller can control the opening degree of the discharge opening.
16. Steelmaking apparatus as claimed in claim 15,
the preheating device further comprises a furnace material conveyor capable of conveying materials in a vibrating mode, and the discharge port is communicated with the feed port through the furnace material conveyor.
17. Steelmaking apparatus as claimed in claim 16,
the tripper with all be equipped with the sealing member between the electric arc furnace, the bin outlet with between the furnace charge conveyer, and the feed inlet with between the furnace charge conveyer.
18. Steelmaking apparatus as claimed in claim 17,
the pan feeding mouth department is equipped with receives the material funnel, receive the aperture end of material funnel with the pan feeding mouth sets up relatively, just the aperture end that receives the material funnel is connected with first sliding seal board, first sliding seal board can control receive the switching of the aperture end of material funnel, the aperture end that receives the material funnel is connected with second sliding seal board, second sliding seal board can control the switching of the aperture end that receives the material funnel.
19. Steelmaking apparatus as claimed in claim 18,
the preheating device further comprises an inclined feeding mechanism used for adding steelmaking raw materials into the receiving hopper, the inclined feeding mechanism is arranged on one side of the vertical shaft and comprises a guide rail which is obliquely arranged, and a traction device and a tipping bucket are arranged on the guide rail.
20. A method of making steel, comprising the steps of:
putting the steelmaking raw materials into a preheating device for preheating treatment;
putting the preheated steelmaking raw materials into an electric arc furnace for melting treatment, and starting a stirring device to stir the materials in the electric arc furnace so as to melt the steelmaking raw materials into molten steel;
feeding the molten steel formed after the melting treatment into a refining device for refining treatment;
directly putting the refined molten steel into an intermediate smelting device for filtering treatment;
and directly putting the filtered molten steel into a continuous casting machine for cooling treatment so as to solidify the molten steel to form a billet with a preset length.
21. Steelmaking process as claimed in claim 20,
the steelmaking raw materials comprise iron-containing raw materials and fluxes, the iron-containing raw materials are at least one of iron-containing ores, iron scales, scrap steel, iron-containing dust and iron-containing dust mud, and the fluxes are at least one of quicklime, dolomite and fluorite.
22. Steelmaking process as claimed in claim 20,
the electric arc furnace is internally provided with hot charging molten iron, and the weight of the hot charging molten iron is less than or equal to 85% of that of the steelmaking raw materials.
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