CN210802068U

CN210802068U - Scrap preheating device and electric arc melting equipment

Info

Publication number: CN210802068U
Application number: CN201921238043.8U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 曹建宁; 耿明山; 韩庆礼
Original assignee: MCC Capital Engineering and Research Incorporation Ltd
Current assignee: MCC Capital Engineering and Research Incorporation Ltd
Priority date: 2019-08-01
Filing date: 2019-08-01
Publication date: 2020-06-19
Anticipated expiration: 2029-08-01

Abstract

The utility model provides a scrap steel preheating device and electric arc melting equipment, scrap steel preheating device includes: the upper end of the vertical shaft is provided with a feeding hole, and the side wall of the lower end of the vertical shaft is provided with a discharging hole; a discharger disposed within the shaft and movable in a vertical direction with respect to the shaft, the discharger having an upper surface inclined toward the discharge port; the material conveying trolley can carry materials in a vibrating mode, and the inlet end of the material conveying trolley is connected with the material outlet; the guide roll is arranged at the discharge port and positioned on the upper side of the inlet end of the material conveying trolley, and the guide roll can control the opening degree of the discharge port. The beneficial effects of the utility model are that, the tripper can carry out the regulation of direction of height, through the height of adjusting the tripper and the position of guide roll, can realize different discharge velocity, and the fortune material platform truck can the horizontal direction remove, through the vibration frequency and the range of adjusting fortune material platform truck, can control the position that falls of steel scrap, realizes the continuous joining of steel scrap.

Description

Scrap preheating device and electric arc melting equipment

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of metallurgy, concretely relates to scrap steel preheating device and electric arc melting equipment.

Background

Energy conservation, consumption reduction and environmental protection in electric arc furnace steelmaking are always one of the core technologies of the global electric arc furnace steelmaking technology development.

In a conventional electric arc furnace for steelmaking, scrap is charged from a furnace top in two to three times, and the scrap is melted by means of an electric arc generated between an electrode and the scrap. Therefore, the conventional electric arc furnace can only intermittently supply power to the furnace, and the furnace cover is unscrewed to charge the furnace after a certain time interval, so that the productivity of the electric arc furnace is greatly reduced, and the heat loss and the energy consumption of the electric arc furnace are increased. Meanwhile, a large amount of smoke is discharged into a factory building when the materials are loaded, so that the difficulty of dust removal and environmental protection is increased. The intermittent electrodes and the scrap steel generate open arcs, so that the impact on a power grid and the damage degree of noise are increased, the energy conservation and consumption reduction of high-temperature flue gas generated by steel making are important subjects of electric arc furnace smelting, and the preheating of the scrap steel by utilizing the waste heat of the flue gas is widely concerned by people. A large amount of high-temperature flue gas can be generated in the smelting process of the electric arc furnace, the temperature of the flue gas is up to more than 1000 ℃, and the smoke discharge amount is up to 500-1200 m³/(h.t). The sensible heat of the flue gas is utilized to preheat the scrap steel, so that great economic benefit can be generated.

As is well known, scrap preheating is one of the development directions of energy-saving technology for electric arc furnaces, and currently, in scrap preheating associated with electric arc furnaces, there are a horizontal continuous transport mode and a shaft furnace mode, which are respectively used as equipment such as a consmedi electric arc furnace (i.e., a Consteel electric arc furnace) and a grate type shaft furnace electric arc furnace.

Among them, the technology of preheating scrap steel by using the flue gas of an electric arc furnace is a technology which is researched at home and abroad for more than twenty years, but due to the technical difficulty, only a few schemes are put into practical use at present, and the technologies typically represent technologies such as vibration continuous charging Consteel (US5400358-1992), finger shaft furnace (DE4025294A1-1992) and shaft side push charging (US2007/0013112A 1).

The horizontal scrap steel preheating device has paid attention to some enterprises because of not having too high requirement on the height of a factory building.

The horizontal continuous-feed scrap preheating apparatus currently representative is mainly a so-called continuous steelmaking electric arc furnace (Consteel) introduced abroad.

Consteel (US5400358-1992) is a horizontal continuous feeding technology, can realize the arc stabilization smelting of an electric arc furnace, is environment-friendly, reduces the electrode consumption, and can greatly reduce the production process cost of the electric arc furnace, but the method only heats the upper material, so the preheating effect of the scrap steel is poor, and the average energy-saving effect reported at home and abroad is only 25kwh per ton of steel; in addition, because the heat exchange efficiency of the raw materials (scrap steel) is improved, the scrap steel in the conveying groove is stacked on the conveying belt to be thin, the length of a preheating section is inevitably increased, the total length of the equipment can reach 90-100 m, and the arrangement of a workshop is very unfavorable; thirdly, the dynamic sealing air leakage of the scheme is serious, and the requirement on the capacity of a fan and the like is high.

The hot flue gases of the arc furnace of consmedit flow in the preheating device against the scrap, since the scrap cannot be filled in the horizontal preheating device, a large part of the gas flow flows over the top of the scrap layer, so that the preheating of the scrap at the bottom is poor, and in order to achieve a high heat exchange, a 60 meter long preheating tunnel is usually required. Because the waste steel contains chlorine-containing compounds such as PVC and the like, theoretically, the chlorine-containing compounds can generate dioxin when incompletely combusted at the temperature of below 800 ℃, particularly, the dioxin is most easily generated when incompletely combusted within the range of 300-500 ℃, and because a preheating tunnel of a Consedi furnace is long, the temperature is continuously reduced after heat exchange between hot flue gas and the waste steel, the chlorine-containing compounds in the waste steel are extremely easily generated to pollute the environment when incompletely combusted at the temperature of 300-500 ℃.

The inherent disadvantages of the Considel arc furnace are: 1. although the Steel manufacturing company of intel considers that the Consteel process developed by the company can preheat the waste Steel to about 500 ℃, the equipment supplier italian dexing company also publicizes that the waste Steel can be preheated to 400 ℃ -600 ℃, and the production practice of Kyoei Steel (namely japanese coying Steel manufacturing) company shows that the preheated waste Steel has uneven temperature (high and low), the waste Steel temperature at the position 600 mm-700 mm away from the surface is less than 100 ℃, the energy-saving effect is only 25kwh/t Steel, and the heat transfer efficiency is very low. The domestic Consteel electric arc furnace production practice also proves that the waste steel preheating temperature of the device is low, and the energy-saving effect is poor. 2. The length of the equipment is very long, the total length of a preheating channel and a charging conveyor is about 60 meters, the occupied area is large, the installation of the equipment and the transformation of an old factory building are very difficult, and the one-time investment is very high. 3. The air leakage is large, a large amount of wild wind is mixed in the flue gas, the burden of the dust removal fan is increased, and the recycling of the flue gas waste heat is greatly not facilitated. 4. The feeding electromagnetic crane has very high operating rate, and the production is sometimes influenced by the feeding when some electromagnetic crane reaches more than 90 percent.

Finger shaft furnace arc furnace, developed and developed by FUCHS corporation in germany in the early 90 s of the 20 th century, is a typical scrap preheating device for arc furnaces, and the term "finger" refers to a single or multiple rows of finger-like brackets which can be opened and closed by mechanical means between the shaft furnace and the arc furnace communication interface. In the electric arc furnace smelting process, through directly adding the scrap steel in the waste gas stream and make full use of waste gas to the ability of preheating of scrap steel, not only utilize flue gas sensible heat, combustible gas in the usable flue gas carries out the chemical energy of postcombustion simultaneously, therefore, this kind of scrap steel of taking the material device of holding in the palm preheats the technique and can pierce through the scrap steel layer because of the flue gas, preheat energy-conserving effectual, can reach ton steel 60 ~ 100kwh, however, because the scrap steel is to the direct impact of finger class bracket in traditional shaft furnace, lead to easily being pounded by the scrap steel, the equipment maintenance has been increased, the popularization and use of scrap steel preheating technique has been influenced. Meanwhile, a certain amount of light and thin materials exist in the scrap steel, so that partial scrap steel is possibly melted under the condition of secondary combustion of combustible gas, the scrap steel in the shaft furnace is bonded, and the problem that the scrap steel of the shaft furnace cannot smoothly enter an electric arc furnace is caused. Therefore, the phenomenon that the scrap steel directly drops to the finger bracket is avoided, the impact of the scrap steel feeding process can be obviously reduced, and the maintenance of equipment is reduced. The FuCHS company also provides a new generation of FUCHS-COSS electric arc furnace, namely, the improvement of the shaft furnace is realized, an independent material pushing system is used for replacing the original vertical shaft, the material pushing system is a water-cooling-free system and is composed of cast iron plates, the influence on the smelting period caused by water leakage of the vertical shaft in the prior art is avoided, and the mechanical structure is huge and the operation is complex.

The vertical scrap preheating technology has high heat efficiency and scrap preheating temperature, but requires high elevation of a factory building, huge equipment and high one-time investment, and is not suitable for the reconstruction of an old electric arc furnace steelmaking workshop. In the grate shaft furnace, hot flue gas of the electric arc furnace enters from the lower end of the shaft and is discharged from the upper end of the shaft. Thus, the cross section of the shaft is large enough to allow hot flue gas to flow through the gaps between the scrap steel. In the actual production, the water-cooled finger grate is easily broken by the scrap steel to leak water or is blocked by the scrap steel, the manufacturing cost of the equipment is high, and the maintenance amount of the equipment is large, so that the grate type shaft furnace is only used in a part of large furnaces in electric arc furnace steelmaking.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model provides a scrap steel preheating device and electric arc melting equipment to solve among the prior art because the impact of scrap steel raw materials whereabouts causes finger class mechanism to warp and the problem that the equipment that the fracture leads to leaks.

The utility model provides a technical scheme that its technical problem adopted is: a scrap preheating apparatus comprising: the upper end of the vertical shaft is provided with a feeding hole, and the side wall of the lower end of the vertical shaft is provided with a discharging hole; a discharger disposed within the shaft and movable in a vertical direction with respect to the shaft, the discharger having an upper surface inclined toward the discharge port; the material conveying trolley can carry materials in a vibrating mode, and the inlet end of the material conveying trolley is connected with the material outlet; the guide roll is arranged at the discharge port and positioned on the upper side of the inlet end of the material conveying trolley, and the guide roll can control the opening degree of the discharge port.

Furthermore, the guide roller comprises a telescopic rod, a swinging rod and a guide roller, one end of the telescopic rod is hinged to the shell of the vertical shaft, the other end of the telescopic rod is hinged to the rotating center of the guide roller, one end of the swinging rod is hinged to the shell of the vertical shaft, the other end of the swinging rod is hinged to the rotating center of the guide roller, and one end of the telescopic rod and one end of the swinging rod are arranged in a staggered mode.

Furthermore, a plurality of discharging rollers are arranged at the upper end of the discharger and are uniformly distributed at intervals to form the upper surface of the discharger.

Furthermore, a flue gas through hole for preheating flue gas to pass through is formed in the side wall, facing the discharge port, of the discharger and is used for being respectively connected with the upper surface of the discharger and an inlet of the electric arc furnace.

Further, a flue gas pipeline is arranged on the lower side of the feeding hole of the vertical shaft, and a flue gas analysis assembly and a temperature measurement assembly are arranged at the flue gas pipeline.

Further, the scrap preheating device further comprises a lifting mechanism, and the lifting mechanism is arranged below the discharger and can drive the discharger to move relative to the vertical shaft along the vertical direction.

Furthermore, a fuel spray gun and a combustion-supporting oxygen gun are arranged in the vertical shaft, and the fuel spray gun and the combustion-supporting oxygen gun are both positioned below the feeding hole and above the discharger.

Further, a feeding assembly for feeding is arranged at the feeding port of the vertical shaft.

Further, the feed assembly comprises: the shaft furnace receiving hopper is of a funnel-shaped structure, the small-diameter end of the shaft furnace receiving hopper is connected with the feeding hole, and the large-diameter end of the shaft furnace receiving hopper is positioned above the small-diameter end of the shaft furnace receiving hopper in the vertical direction; the first sealing sliding plate is arranged at the large-diameter end of the receiving hopper of the shaft furnace and can control the opening and closing of the large-diameter end of the receiving hopper of the shaft furnace; and the second sealing sliding plate is arranged at the small-diameter end of the receiving hopper of the shaft furnace and can control the opening and closing of the small-diameter end of the receiving hopper of the shaft furnace, and the first sealing sliding plate and the second sealing sliding plate can independently move.

The feeding assembly comprises: the conveying guide rail is obliquely arranged and connected with the feeding hole and the ground material pile; the hopper sets up on the conveying guide rail and can remove along with the conveying guide rail, and the hopper can be reinforced to the feed inlet.

The utility model also provides an electric arc melting equipment, including electric arc furnace and foretell scrap steel preheating device, the entry of electric arc furnace and the exit linkage of fortune material platform truck.

The utility model has the advantages that the discharger can be adjusted in the height direction, different discharging speeds can be realized by adjusting the height of the discharger and the position of the guide roller, and meanwhile, the guide roller can seal the discharge hole to achieve the purpose of stopping feeding; the material conveying trolley can move in the horizontal direction, and the falling position of the scrap steel can be controlled by adjusting the vibration frequency and amplitude of the material conveying trolley, so that the continuous addition of the scrap steel is realized.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which form a part of the present application, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:

fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a process for continuously adding scrap steel into a vertical shaft;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the tripper, chute feed process and charging process;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the unloader, chute continuous feed and scrap melting process;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the process of stopping charging of the discharger and the chute and smelting molten steel;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing a charging process in a shaft and a molten steel smelting process;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the amount of molten steel remaining after tapping and the feeding process of an unloader and a feed chute;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a smelting process using a hopper for feeding.

Reference numbers in the figures: 10. a shaft; 11. a flue gas duct; 12. a flue gas analysis assembly; 13. a temperature measurement component; 14. a fuel spray gun; 15. a combustion-supporting oxygen lance; 16. a housing frame; 20. a discharger; 21. a lifting mechanism; 211. a connecting member; 22. a flue gas through hole; 23. a discharge roller; 30. a material conveying trolley; 31. a feed chute; 40. a guide roller; 41. a telescopic rod; 42. a swing lever; 43. a guide roller; 50. an electric arc furnace; 51. a furnace cover; 52. a conductive cross arm; 53. a coherent oxygen lance; 54. an electrode lifting device; 55. a rotary lifting device; 56. a lower furnace shell tilting mechanism; 61. a receiving hopper of the shaft furnace; 62. a first seal slide; 63. a second seal slide plate; 70. a material basket; 71. a transfer rail; 72. a hopper; 73. a lift car; 74. a dumping mechanism; 75. a traction device; 76. a limit stop block; 80. a base; 81. a limit locking assembly; 82. and (7) sealing the assembly.

Detailed Description

It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with embodiments.

As shown in fig. 1 to 7, an embodiment of the present invention provides a scrap preheating device, which includes a shaft 10, a discharger 20, a material transporting trolley 30, and a guide roller 40. The upper end of the shaft 10 is a feeding hole, and the side wall of the lower end of the shaft 10 is provided with a discharging hole. The discharger 20 is provided in the shaft 10 and is movable in a vertical direction with respect to the shaft 10, and the discharger 20 has an upper surface inclined toward the discharge port. The material transporting trolley 30 can vibrate to transport materials, the inlet end of the material transporting trolley 30 is connected with the discharge port in a sealing mode, and the outlet end of the material transporting trolley 30 is connected with the electric arc furnace 50. The guide roller 40 is arranged at the discharge port and positioned on the upper side of the inlet end of the material conveying trolley 30, and the guide roller 40 can control the opening degree of the discharge port.

The utility model discloses the first time put forward the mode that utilizes tripper 20 and fortune material platform truck 30 to carry out the steel scrap and add, utilize to lead to water refrigerated finger form valves mechanism in the cancellation traditional design, avoid because the equipment that steel scrap raw materials whereabouts is strikeed to cause finger class mechanism to warp and the fracture leads to leaks the drawback, the pusher mechanism has been cancelled simultaneously, large-scale frame and the hydraulic pressure mechanism that have reduced the push away steel structure, utilize the slope upper surface of tripper 20 to realize the whereabouts of steel scrap, combine the vibration pay-off of fortune material platform truck 30, realize the continuous joining of steel scrap.

It should be noted that the shaft 10, the discharger 20 and the material transporting trolley 30 are all disposed on the base 80, and the sealing assembly 82 is disposed between the discharger 20 and the arc furnace 50.

The walking wheels are installed at the bottom of the material conveying trolley 30, the position, close to the electric arc furnace 50, of the base 80 is provided with the limiting locking assembly 81, the material conveying trolley 30 can be limited and fixed, meanwhile, the material conveying trolley 30 can be locked, and the situation that the material conveying trolley 30 moves in the feeding process of the material feeding groove 31 is avoided.

The guide roller 40 includes an expansion link 41, a swing link 42, and a guide roller 43, one end of the expansion link 41 is hinged to the housing frame 16 of the shaft 10, the other end of the expansion link 41 is hinged to the rotation center of the guide roller 43, one end of the swing link 42 is hinged to the housing frame 16 of the shaft 10, the other end of the swing link 42 is hinged to the rotation center of the guide roller 43, and one end of the expansion link 41 and one end of the swing link 42 are disposed in a staggered manner.

The scrap preheating apparatus further includes an elevating mechanism 21, and the elevating mechanism 21 is disposed below the discharger 20 and can drive the discharger 20 to move in a vertical direction with respect to the shaft 10. The lifting mechanism 21 is connected with the discharger 20 through a connecting piece 211.

The discharger 20 can be adjusted in the height direction, and different discharging speeds can be realized by adjusting the height of the discharger 20 and the combined action of the discharger 20 and the guide roller 40; meanwhile, the guide roller 43 can close the discharge port to stop feeding. The material conveying trolley 30 can move in the horizontal direction, the vibration frequency and amplitude of the material conveying trolley 30 can be adjusted, and different scrap steel falling positions can be controlled.

Preferably, the material conveying trolley 30 can move in the horizontal direction, so that the scrap steel dropping position of the feeding groove 31 can be dynamically adjusted; the feed chute 31 on the upper part adopts a telescopic structural design, and when the material conveying trolley 30 cannot meet the requirement of the scrap steel dropping position, the scrap steel dropping position is dynamically adjusted by adjusting the length of the feed chute 31. The material feeding groove 31 of the material conveying trolley 30 can adopt the mechanical vibration mode to carry out horizontal conveying of the scrap steel and also can adopt the chain grate mode to carry out conveying. The conveying trolley 30 adopts a variable frequency motor, dynamic adjustment of vibration amplitude and frequency of the feeding chute is realized, different feeding speed requirements are met, and the feeding capacity is controlled at the feeding speed of 0.4-4.5 tons/minute. The chute feeder 31 of fortune material platform truck 30 can adopt the U-shaped structure, and it is protruding to process into the field font along U-shaped inslot wall simultaneously, increases chute feeder 31 to the frictional force of scrap steel, avoids skidding and rolling of scrap steel.

As shown in fig. 1, the upper end of the discharger 20 is provided with a plurality of discharging rollers 23, and the plurality of discharging rollers 23 are spaced apart from each other and form the upper surface of the discharger 20. The rotation of the unloading roller 23 can promote the scrap steel to fall to the feeding groove 31 of the material conveying trolley 30, so that the scrap steel is easier to convey, and the purposes of canceling a steel pushing mechanism and reducing a large-scale frame and a hydraulic mechanism of a steel pushing structure are achieved.

In the embodiment of the utility model, the upper surface of the discharger 20 adopts an inclined arrangement form, and the included angle between the upper surface and the horizontal plane is 30-60 degrees.

The side wall of the discharger 20 facing the discharge hole is provided with a flue gas through hole 22 for passing the preheated flue gas, and the flue gas through hole 22 is respectively connected with the upper surface of the discharger 20 and the inlet of the electric arc furnace 50. A flue gas pipeline 11 is arranged at the lower side of the feeding hole of the vertical shaft 10, and a flue gas analysis assembly 12 and a temperature measurement assembly 13 are arranged at the flue gas pipeline 11. A fuel spray gun 14 and a combustion-supporting oxygen gun 15 are arranged in the shaft 10, and the fuel spray gun 14 and the combustion-supporting oxygen gun 15 are both positioned below the feed inlet and above the discharger 20.

Preferably, the guide roll 40 is of a porous design, the interior of the guide roll is hollow, so that high-temperature flue gas can pass through the guide roll 40 and the upper part of the discharger 20, and the flue gas can enter the shaft 10 to smoothly flow. The guide roll 40 can control the height of the scrap steel on the feeding groove 31 at the same time, and the scrap steel is uniformly and horizontally distributed on the conveying groove.

The height of the side wall of the feeding groove 31 is larger than 200mm, and the possibility that the scrap steel falls from the side wall of the feeding groove 31 due to rolling, vibration and the like in the feeding process is avoided.

Along with the smelting of molten steel in the electric arc furnace 50, a large amount of high-temperature flue gas (the flue gas temperature is 1300-1600 ℃) is formed in the hearth of the electric arc furnace 50, the high-temperature flue gas enters the vertical shaft 10 along the flue gas through hole 22 of the discharger 20, the cracks of the plurality of discharging rollers 23 and the upper cavity, the scrap steel is preheated in the vertical shaft 10, the flue gas temperature and the main components of the flue gas are monitored and detected by utilizing the flue gas analysis assembly 12 and the temperature measurement assembly 13 which are installed on the vertical shaft 10, the loading speed of the scrap steel is adjusted on the premise that the fuel spray gun 14 and the combustion-supporting oxygen lance 15 are adjusted according to the flue gas temperature and the flue gas components to ensure that the preheating temperature of the scrap steel reaches the process requirements, the scrap steel is continuously added and continuously smelted, the large amount of high-temperature flue gas generated in the.

It should be noted that, for the first steel smelted by the electric arc furnace 50, since there is no molten steel and flue gas in the hearth of the electric arc furnace 50, the fuel lance 14 and the combustion-supporting oxygen lance 15 on the shaft 10 need to be opened to heat the steel scrap, and the steel scrap is continuously added. When the temperature of the scrap steel at the lower part of the vertical shaft 10 reaches 600 ℃, lowering the discharger 20, starting a vibration mechanism of the conveying trolley 30, starting the discharging roller 23 at the top of the discharger 20, promoting the scrap steel to fall to the feeding chute 31 of the conveying trolley 30 by utilizing the rotation of the discharging roller 23, and conveying the scrap steel into the electric arc furnace by utilizing the vibration of the conveying trolley 30; meanwhile, the guide roller 40 can move up and down under the action of the driving mechanism, so that the scrap steel raw material is prevented from impacting the discharge hole, and the guide roller 40 has the function of sealing the discharge hole according to the process requirements.

In the embodiment of the utility model provides an in, the feed inlet department of shaft 10 is provided with the feeding subassembly that is used for the feeding. Wherein the charging assembly comprises a shaft furnace hopper 61, a first seal slide 62 and a second seal slide 63. The shaft furnace receiving hopper 61 is of a funnel-shaped structure, the small-diameter end of the shaft furnace receiving hopper 61 is connected with the feed inlet, and the large-diameter end of the shaft furnace receiving hopper 61 is located above the small-diameter end of the shaft furnace receiving hopper 61 in the vertical direction. The first seal slide plate 62 is provided at the large diameter end of the shaft furnace hopper 61 and is capable of controlling opening and closing of the large diameter end of the shaft furnace hopper 61. The second seal slide plate 63 is provided at the small diameter end of the shaft furnace hopper 61 and is capable of controlling the opening and closing of the small diameter end of the shaft furnace hopper 61, and the first seal slide plate 62 and the second seal slide plate 63 are capable of independent movement.

During operation, the material basket 70 bearing the scrap steel burden is conveyed to the position above the receiving hopper 61 of the shaft furnace through the crown block, the first sealing sliding plate 62 is opened, the second sealing sliding plate 63 is closed, the scrap steel raw material is added into the receiving hopper 61 of the shaft furnace, the discharger 20 is lifted to the highest position, the first sealing sliding plate 62 is closed, the second sealing sliding plate 63 is opened, the scrap steel raw material gradually falls to the lower section of the vertical shaft 10 to form a scrap steel accumulation area, and the subsequently falling scrap steel gradually falls on the previously falling scrap steel.

Of course, the feeding assembly is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and as shown in fig. 8, the feeding assembly includes a transfer rail 71, a hopper 72, a lift car 73, a dumping mechanism 74, a pulling device 75, and a limit stopper 76.

The conveying guide rail 71 is obliquely arranged and connects the feeding hole with the ground material pile. The elevator car 73 is provided on the conveyance rail 71 and is movable along the conveyance rail 71, and the hopper 72 is provided on the elevator car 73 and connected to the elevator car 73 by the dumping mechanism 74. The traction device 75 is provided at the upper end of the conveyance rail 71 and can drive the conveyance rail 71 to move, and the limit stopper 76 can restrict the movement displacement of the elevator car 73. The hopper 72 is capable of dumping scrap into the shaft 10, and the other structures are the same as those in the previous embodiment and will not be described again.

Further, the utility model discloses can adopt the mode of material basket material loading, also can adopt the form of slope hopper material loading, also can adopt notch cuttype chain bucket conveyer's form to add the steel scrap raw materials in the shaft hopper that receives. The feeding mechanism can also adopt a belt conveyor to carry out continuous feeding.

It should be noted that the vibration working surfaces of the discharging roller 23, the guide roller 40 and the material conveying trolley 30 are made of high-temperature-resistant wear-resistant materials, preferably heat-resistant steel and heat-resistant alloy, so that the service life of the equipment is prolonged, and meanwhile, the wear-resistant parts are locally mounted, so that local replacement after wear can be realized, and the operation cost of the equipment is reduced.

The utility model also provides an electric arc melting equipment, including electric arc furnace 50 and foretell scrap steel preheating device, the entry of electric arc furnace 50 and the exit linkage of fortune material platform truck 30.

The electric arc furnace 50 according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a furnace bottom, a furnace shell, a furnace wall, a furnace cover 51, an electrode and conductive cross arm 52, an electrode lifting device 54, a furnace cover supporting frame, a bearing member, a rotary lifting device 55, and a lower furnace shell tilting mechanism 56. The specific connection structure is similar to that of the electric arc furnace in the prior art and will not be described in detail here.

When the electric arc furnace 50 works, the scrap steel falls into the molten steel pool along with the continuous addition of the scrap steel in the electric arc furnace 50, the molten steel pool heats and melts the scrap steel, the coherent oxygen lance 53 on the side wall of the electric arc furnace 50 is opened simultaneously to blow oxygen to the molten steel, carbon powder can be sprayed into the hearth by the side wall carbon gun according to actual needs, and the molten pool is stirred, carbureted, oxidized and the like by the coherent oxygen lance 53 and the carbon gun.

Following the smelting of the molten steel in the electric arc furnace 50, when the quality, temperature and components of the molten steel in the hearth meet the target requirements, driving the rotary lifting device 55 to lift the furnace cover 51 by a certain height to realize the small gap separation of the furnace cover 51 and the furnace wall, driving the lower furnace shell tilting mechanism 56 connected with the lower furnace shell frame of the electric arc furnace to tilt the lower furnace shell, carrying out tapping operation by utilizing a tapping hole at the bottom of the furnace cylinder, pouring the molten steel meeting the subsequent process requirements into a ladle, keeping the preset residual molten steel in the furnace cylinder after the molten steel in the ladle reaches the preset quality, adjusting the lower furnace shell tilting mechanism 56 connected with the lower furnace shell frame, and adjusting the electric arc furnace to be in a smelting state; the shaft 10 can be continuously added with and preheated by the steel scrap in the tapping process of the electric arc furnace, the steel scrap preheated to the preset temperature is continuously added into the furnace hearth, the electrode does not need to be lifted and cut off, and the steel scrap raw material is continuously added into the furnace hearth of the electric arc furnace.

And after the last tapping operation is finished, continuously heating the scrap steel, continuously heating the electrode, continuously adding the scrap steel into the molten pool, continuously melting the scrap steel by using the reserved liquid molten steel, continuously melting the scrap steel to form a larger molten pool, carrying out tapping operation after the predetermined molten steel quality, temperature and components are reached along with the continuous increase of the molten steel, and entering the next smelting period by the electric arc furnace after the tapping operation is finished. The vertical shaft 10 can realize non-intermittent continuous feeding and scrap preheating, the electric arc furnace 50 can realize non-intermittent scrap feeding into a furnace hearth and non-intermittent electrode heating, and qualified molten steel smelting realizes stable periodic steel tapping and preset residual molten steel, so that the requirements of subsequent processes are met.

The embodiment of the utility model provides a preheating method is still provided, including following step:

step 10, lifting the discharger 20 to a set highest position, and adding scrap steel into the vertical shaft 10 through the feeding hole to form a scrap steel accumulation area;

step 20, opening a fuel spray gun 14 and a combustion-supporting oxygen lance 15 to heat a scrap steel accumulation area;

step 30, when the scrap steel accumulation area is heated to a set temperature, lowering the discharger 20 to connect the scrap steel accumulation area with the discharge port, and simultaneously starting the material conveying trolley 30 to convey the scrap steel into the electric arc furnace 50, wherein the steel discharging speed of the discharge port is controlled through the discharger 20 and the guide roller 40;

step 40, as the electric arc furnace 50 smelts the scrap steel, a large amount of high-temperature flue gas is generated in the electric arc furnace 50, and the high-temperature flue gas is provided with a plurality of roller gaps along the flue gas through hole 22 of the discharger 20 and the upper end of the discharger 20 to preheat a scrap steel accumulation area;

step 50, adjusting the opening degrees of the fuel spray gun 14 and the combustion-supporting oxygen lance 15 according to the measurement results of the flue gas analysis component 12 and the temperature measurement component 13;

step 60, after the molten steel in the electric arc furnace 50 meets the set requirement, carrying out tapping operation on the electric arc furnace 50;

and 70, sequentially circulating the step 10, the step 30, the step 40, the step 50 and the step 60.

Steps

10 and 20 are described in detail below, with reference to figures 1 and 2,

the material basket 70 bearing the scrap steel burden is conveyed to the upper part of the shaft 10 through a crown block, the first sealing sliding plate 62 is opened, the second sealing sliding plate 63 is closed, the scrap steel raw material is added into the receiving hopper 61 of the shaft furnace, meanwhile, the discharger 20 is lifted to the highest position, and the discharge hole of the shaft 10 is sealed by the guide roller 40 and the discharger 20. The first seal slide 62 is then closed and the second seal slide 63 is opened and the scrap material falls down gradually to the lower section of the shaft and forms a scrap build-up zone.

For the first furnace steel smelted by the electric arc furnace 50, as molten steel and flue gas do not exist in the hearth of the electric arc furnace 50, a fuel spray gun 14 and a combustion-supporting oxygen lance 15 on the vertical shaft 10 are started to heat the scrap steel, and simultaneously the scrap steel is continuously added; scrap steel in the receiving hopper 61 of the shaft furnace is continuously charged into the shaft 10. Step 30 referring to fig. 3 and 4, when the temperature of the scrap in the lower part of the shaft 10 reaches 600 c, the tripper 20 is lowered, the vibration mechanism of the material transporting carriage 30 is turned on, the discharging roller 23 on the top of the tripper 20 is turned on, the rotation of the discharging roller 23 is used to promote the scrap to fall to the material transporting carriage 30, and the vibration of the material transporting carriage 30 is used to transport the scrap into the electric arc furnace.

Meanwhile, the scrap steel raw material of the material basket 70 can be added into the receiving hopper 61 of the shaft furnace; the guide roller 40 can move up and down under the action of the driving mechanism, so that the scrap steel raw material is prevented from impacting an outlet position; meanwhile, the device has the function of sealing the discharge hole of the shaft furnace according to the process requirements. Referring to fig. 5, when the scrap steel in the shaft 10 is lowered to a certain height, the second sealing slide plate 63 is closed, the first sealing slide plate 62 is opened, the material basket 70 loaded with the scrap steel raw material is hoisted to the upper part of the shaft furnace receiving hopper 61 by using a crown block, the bottom discharge mechanism of the material basket 70 is opened, the scrap steel raw material is added into the shaft furnace receiving hopper 61 on the upper part of the shaft 10, the first sealing slide plate 62 is closed after the scrap steel completely falls into the shaft furnace receiving hopper 61, and the second sealing slide plate 63 is opened, so that the scrap steel raw material is added into the shaft 10.

The discharger 20 can be adjusted in height direction, and different discharging speeds can be realized by adjusting the height of the discharger 20 and using the combined action of the guide rollers 40. The material conveying trolley 30 can move in the horizontal direction, the vibration frequency and amplitude of the material conveying trolley 30 can be adjusted, different scrap steel falling positions are controlled, the scrap steel falling into the bottom of the hearth is accumulated at the bottom of the hearth, when the scrap steel raw materials are accumulated to a preset number at the bottom of the hearth, the electrode lifting device 54 is started, the height of the electrode is reduced, the scrap steel is heated by electrifying, the scrap steel is gradually melted along with continuous heating of electric arcs, a liquid molten pool is formed at the bottom of the hearth, a foam slag layer is formed on the surface of the molten steel pool, and the electric arcs are buried in the foam slag for continuous heating.

With the continuous addition of the scrap steel, after the scrap steel in the shaft 10 is completely loaded into the electric arc furnace, the shaft 10 has no scrap steel to be preheated, and the discharging action of the discharger 20 is stopped.

Step 40 and step 50 referring to fig. 6, the unloader 20 is raised to the uppermost position by the elevating mechanism 21, the bottom of the shaft 10 is sealed by the unloader 20 and the guide roller 40, the second seal slide plate 63 is closed, the first seal slide plate 62 is opened, the basket 70 loaded with the scrap steel raw material is lifted to the upper part of the receiving hopper 61 of the shaft furnace by the crown block, the bottom discharge mechanism of the basket 70 is opened, the scrap steel raw material is charged into the receiving hopper 61 of the shaft furnace on the upper part of the shaft, the first seal slide plate 62 is closed after the scrap steel completely falls into the receiving hopper, the second seal slide plate 63 is opened, and the scrap steel raw material is charged into the shaft 10.

After the waste steel with the preset mass is completely loaded into the electric arc furnace, the molten steel melting pool heats and melts the waste steel, simultaneously, the coherent oxygen lance 53 on the side wall of the electric arc furnace is opened to blow oxygen to the molten steel, carbon powder can be sprayed into the hearth by using the carbon lance on the side wall according to actual requirements, and the molten pool is stirred, carbureted, oxidized and the like by using the coherent oxygen lance 53 and the carbon lance.

Along with the smelting of the molten steel in the electric arc furnace, a large amount of high-temperature flue gas is formed inside the hearth of the electric arc furnace 50, the high-temperature flue gas enters the vertical shaft 10 along the flue gas through hole 22, the gap of the discharging roller 23 and the upper cavity, the waste steel is preheated in the vertical shaft, the flue gas temperature and the main components of the flue gas are monitored and detected by utilizing the flue gas analysis component 12 and the temperature measurement component 13 which are arranged in the vertical shaft 10, the loading speed of the waste steel is adjusted on the premise that the fuel spray gun 14 and the combustion-supporting oxygen lance 15 are adjusted according to the flue gas temperature and the flue gas components to ensure that the waste steel preheating temperature meets the process requirements, along with the continuous adding of the waste steel and the continuous smelting, a large amount of high-temperature flue gas generated in.

As shown in fig. 7, in steps 60 and 70, when the molten steel quality, temperature and composition in the hearth meet the target requirements, the cover lifting device 52 is driven to lift the cover 51 by a certain height to separate the cover 51 from the furnace wall with a small gap, the lifting device 56 connected to the lower shell frame of the electric arc furnace is driven to tilt the lower shell and perform tapping operation using the tap hole at the bottom of the hearth. And pouring molten steel meeting the subsequent process requirements into a steel ladle, keeping the preset residual molten steel in the hearth after the molten steel in the steel ladle reaches the preset quality, adjusting a lifting device connected with a lower furnace shell frame, and adjusting the electric arc furnace to be in a smelting state. The shaft 10 can be continuously added with and preheated by the steel scrap in the tapping process of the electric arc furnace, and the steel scrap preheated to the preset temperature is continuously added into the hearth, so that the electrodes do not need to be lifted and cut off, and the steel scrap raw material is continuously added into the hearth of the electric arc furnace 50.

And after the last tapping operation is finished, continuously preheating the scrap steel, continuously heating the electrode, continuously adding the scrap steel into the molten pool, continuously melting the scrap steel by using the reserved liquid molten steel, continuously melting the scrap steel to form a larger molten pool, carrying out tapping operation after the predetermined molten steel quality, temperature and components are reached along with the continuous increase of the molten steel, and entering the next smelting period by the electric arc furnace after the tapping operation is finished. The vertical shaft preheater can realize non-intermittent continuous feeding and scrap steel preheating, the electric arc furnace can realize non-intermittent scrap steel feeding into a furnace hearth and non-intermittent electrode heating, and qualified molten steel smelting realizes stable periodic steel tapping and preset residual molten steel, so that the requirements of subsequent processes are met. From the above description, it can be seen that the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention achieve the following technical effects:

the utility model discloses can realize preheating in succession of steel scrap, can utilize fuel spray gun and combustion-supporting oxygen rifle to preheat the first stove steel scrap of smelting simultaneously to accessible flue gas analyzer and temperature measurement appearance measure the flue gas temperature, the input of the combustion-supporting oxygen rifle of feedback control and fuel spray gun is burnt to the combustible gas in the flue gas simultaneously and is released heat, eliminates the production of the toxic of dioxin in the flue gas.

The utility model discloses a discharger catches the steel scrap of whereabouts, realizes that the steel scrap lasts the heating, lasts the process of automatic whereabouts, has cancelled traditional shaft furnace preheater's finger form valves or the control mechanism of other forms, avoids the impact of steel scrap furnace charge whereabouts process to arouse finger form valves to leak and leads to the drawback of electric arc furnace shut down. Adopt tripper and fortune material platform truck to carry out the reinforced mode that the scrap steel adds the electric arc furnace, the smooth and easy whereabouts of scrap steel is realized to the rotatory and slope surface that utilizes the unloading roller of unloader upper portion ann's unloading roller, adopts less drive power and structure to realize the reinforced action of scrap steel raw materials.

The lift of tripper can reduce the impact of steel scrap to the unloading roller, the speed of unloading of steel scrap can be adjusted accurately simultaneously, because the cooperation of guide roll and fortune material platform truck is used, the material feeding speed of fortune material platform truck can be adjusted in real time, realize the continuous joining of steel scrap constant speed or variation speed, be favorable to realizing reinforced stationarity, the violent fluctuation of molten bath liquid level has been reduced, utilize the lift of tripper and the cooperation of guide roll, can stop the joining of steel scrap as required simultaneously, the steel scrap can seal the shaft furnace bin outlet completely, realize stopping of steel scrap and join.

The material conveying trolley can have a weighing function, and accurate recording and control of the adding amount of the scrap steel are achieved.

The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention can not be limited by the embodiments, so that the replacement of the equivalent components or the equivalent changes and modifications made according to the protection scope of the present invention should still belong to the scope covered by the present patent. In addition, the utility model provides an between technical feature and the technical feature, between technical feature and the technical scheme, all can the independent assortment use between technical scheme and the technical scheme.

Claims

1. A scrap preheating device, comprising:

the upper end of the vertical shaft (10) is provided with a feeding hole, and the side wall of the lower end of the vertical shaft (10) is provided with a discharging hole;

a discharger (20) disposed in the shaft (10) and capable of moving in a vertical direction with respect to the shaft (10), the discharger (20) having an upper surface inclined toward the discharge port;

the material conveying trolley (30) can carry materials in a vibrating mode, and the inlet end of the material conveying trolley (30) is connected with the material outlet;

and the guide roller (40) is arranged at the discharge port and positioned on the upper side of the inlet end of the material conveying trolley (30), and the guide roller (40) can control the opening degree of the discharge port.

2. The scrap preheating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the guide rollers (40) include a telescopic rod (41), a swing lever (42) and guide rollers (43), one end of the telescopic rod (41) is hinged to the housing frame (16) of the shaft (10), the other end of the telescopic rod (41) is hinged to the rotation center of the guide rollers (43), one end of the swing lever (42) is hinged to the housing frame (16) of the shaft (10), the other end of the swing lever (42) is hinged to the rotation center of the guide rollers (43), and one end of the telescopic rod (41) and one end of the swing lever (42) are disposed in a staggered manner.

3. The scrap preheating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of discharging rollers (23) are provided at an upper end of the discharger (20), and the plurality of discharging rollers (23) are spaced apart from each other and form an upper surface of the discharger (20).

4. Scrap preheating apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that the side wall of the discharger (20) facing the discharge opening is provided with a flue gas through-hole (22) for passing the preheated flue gas, the flue gas through-hole (22) being adapted to connect the upper surface of the discharger (20) and the inlet of the electric arc furnace (50), respectively.

5. The scrap preheating apparatus according to claim 4, wherein a flue gas duct (11) is provided at a lower side of the feed opening of the shaft (10), and a flue gas analyzing unit (12) and a temperature measuring unit (13) are provided at the flue gas duct (11).

6. The scrap preheating apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising an elevating mechanism (21), wherein the elevating mechanism (21) is disposed below the discharger (20) and is capable of driving the discharger (20) to move in a vertical direction with respect to the shaft (10).

7. The scrap preheating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a fuel lance (14) and a combustion lance (15) are provided in the shaft (10), the fuel lance (14) and the combustion lance (15) being located below the feed opening and above the discharger (20).

8. Scrap preheating device according to claim 1, characterized in that the feed opening of the shaft (10) is provided with a feed assembly for feeding.

9. The scrap preheating apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the feed assembly includes:

the shaft furnace receiving hopper (61) is of a funnel-shaped structure, the small-diameter end of the shaft furnace receiving hopper (61) is connected with the feeding hole, and the large-diameter end of the shaft furnace receiving hopper (61) is positioned above the small-diameter end of the shaft furnace receiving hopper (61) in the vertical direction;

a first seal sliding plate (62) which is arranged at the large-diameter end of the shaft furnace receiving hopper (61) and can control the opening and closing of the large-diameter end of the shaft furnace receiving hopper (61);

and a second seal sliding plate (63) which is arranged at the small diameter end of the shaft furnace receiving hopper (61) and can control the opening and closing of the small diameter end of the shaft furnace receiving hopper (61), and the first seal sliding plate (62) and the second seal sliding plate (63) can independently move.

10. The scrap preheating apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the feed assembly includes:

the conveying guide rail (71) is obliquely arranged and connected with the feeding hole and the ground material pile;

and the hopper (72) is arranged on the conveying guide rail (71) and can move along with the conveying guide rail (71), and the hopper (72) can feed materials to the feeding hole.

11. An arc melting installation comprising an electric arc furnace (50) and a scrap preheating device, characterized in that the scrap preheating device is a scrap preheating device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, the inlet of the electric arc furnace (50) being connected to the outlet of the material handling trolley (30).