CN208472141U - A kind of steelmaking equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of steelmaking equipments, including vertical shaft preheater (100) and electric arc furnaces (200), for vertical shaft preheater (100) containing vertical shaft (104), electromagnetic brake (121) and pusher (119), electromagnetic brake (121), which can generate magnetic field, rests on the steelmaking feed entered in vertical shaft (104) in vertical shaft (104)；Pusher (119) can push steelmaking feed.The steelmaking equipment carries out capture to steelmaking feed using electromagnetic brake and forms hanging stock column, the steelmaking feed that the stock column carrying top formed using the steelmaking feed of electromagnetic brake capture is fallen；Steelmaking feed is preheated using the flue gas generated in 200 smelting process of electric arc furnaces, steelmaking feed and the good heat exchange action of flue gas are realized using vertical reverse motor pattern, the efficient and rational safe heat using flue gas realizes that electric arc furnaces 200 smelts being greatly lowered for comprehensive energy consumption.

Description

A kind of steelmaking equipment

Technical field

The utility model relates to smelting equipment field, a kind of particularly steelmaking equipment.

Background technique

Energy conservation, consumption reduction, environmental protection are always one of core technology of global EAF steelmaking technology development in electric-arc furnace steelmaking. Traditional electric furnace arrangement for producing steel, steelmaking feed are divided into two to being packed into three times from furnace roof, by what is generated between electrode and steelmaking feed Electric arc melts steelmaking feed.Therefore, traditional electric arc furnaces can only the intermittent power transmission into furnace, certain interval of time i.e. have a power failure, Bell charging is unscrewed, the productivity of electric arc furnaces is significantly reduced in this way, increases the heat loss and energy consumption of electric arc furnaces.Together When volume of smoke charging when be discharged into workshop, increase the difficulty of dedusting environment friendly.The electrode and steelmaking feed of discontinuous produce Raw open arc, increases the impact to power grid and the extent of injury of noise.

Energy-saving is the important topic of electric arc furnace smelting, wherein using fume afterheat preheating steelmaking feed always by people Extensive concern.A large amount of high-temperature flue gas can be generated in arc furnace smelting procedure, the temperature of these flue gases is up to 1000 DEG C or more, row The high 500m of smoke³/ (ht)~1200m³/(h·t).Steelmaking feed is preheated using these obvious heat of smoke, it will is generated huge Economic benefit.

It is well known that steelmaking feed preheating be electric-arc furnace steelmaking power-saving technology one of developing direction, at present with electric arc The matched steelmaking feed of furnace is hankered in advance, and representative manner has horizontal continuity transfer ways and shaft furnace mode, and device therefor is respectively Consteel (Kang Sidi) electric arc furnaces and comb formula shaft furnace electric arc furnaces.

It wherein, is one two during the last ten years both at home and abroad the one of research using electric arc furnaces smoke pre-heating steelmaking feed technology Item technology, but because its technical difficulty is big, only a small amount of scheme investment actual use at present, Typical Representative is such as vibration continuous charging Consteel (Kang Sidi) electric arc furnaces, finger shaft, vertical shaft side push away feeding technique.

Consteel (Kang Sidi) electric arc furnaces is a kind of horizontal continuity feeding technology, it can be achieved that the smelting of electric arc furnaces stabilising arc, ring It protects and consumption of electrode reduces, the production process expense of electric arc furnaces can be substantially reduced, but this method steelmaking feed only has upper materials It is heated, therefore steelmaking feed pre-heat effect is bad, reports that average energy-saving effect only has ton steel 25kwh according to domestic and international；In addition, by In the steelmaking feed in raw material to be improved (steelmaking feed) heat exchange efficiency, delivery chute on the conveyor belt heap height than relatively thin, necessarily plus The length of big preheating section, for equipment overall length up to 90m~100m, the arrangement for workshop is very unfavorable；Again, the program is dynamic State sealing gas leakage is more serious, larger to the capacity requirement of blower etc..

The hot fume of Consteel (Kang Sidi) electric arc furnaces, which is run in preheating device against steelmaking feed, to be flowed, due to refining Steel raw material can not be full of in horizontal preheating device, have the air-flow of most in the upper flow of steelmaking feed layer, so that The steelmaking feed pre-heat effect of bottom is poor, in order to reach higher heat exchange, it usually needs 60 meters of long preheating tunnels.Due to refining There is the compound containing chlorine, such as PVC, theoretically, these compounds containing chlorine are being lower than 800 DEG C of imperfect combustions in steel raw material Dioxin will be generated, especially imperfect combustion most easily produces dioxin within the scope of 300 DEG C~500 DEG C, due to The preheating tunnel of consteel (Kang Sidi) furnace is longer, and after hot fume and steelmaking feed heat exchange, temperature is constantly reduced, and makes to make steel The compound containing chlorine in raw material is easy to generate dioxin under imperfect combustion between 300 DEG C~500 DEG C, pollutes environment. But its existing inherent defect is: although 1, its Zhi Gang company of utility model person Intel thinks the consteel of the said firm's exploitation Steelmaking feed can be preheated to 500 DEG C or so by (Kang Sidi) technique, and get Xing company of equipment supplier Italy, which also publicizes, will refine Steel raw material preheating is to 400 DEG C~600 DEG C, and the production practices of Kyoei Steel (i.e. the total steel made in Great Britain of Japan) company show through pre- Steelmaking feed temperature after heat is uneven up and down (upper relative superiority or inferiority is low), away from the steelmaking feed temperature < 100 at the 600mm~700mm of surface DEG C, energy-saving effect is only 25kwh/t steel, and heat transfer efficiency is very low.The country is in the production with consteel (Kang Sidi) electric arc furnaces Practice also turns out that the equipment steelmaking feed preheating temperature is low, and energy-saving effect is poor.2, its device length is very long, general preheating channel and It about 60 meters of charging conveyer overall length or so, takes up a large area, the installation of equipment and the transformation of old workshop are extremely difficult, disposable to throw It provides very high.3, inleakage is big, and a large amount of wild wind are mixed into flue gas, not only increase the burden of dedusting fan, and be unfavorable for significantly The recycling of fume afterheat.4, feeding lifting magnet crane operating rate is very high, and some reaches 90% or more, sometimes due to charging Influence production.

Finger shaft electric arc furnaces is that German FUCHS company developed and develops in early 1990s, is a kind of typical case Electric-arc furnace steelmaking raw material preheating device, so-called " finger " refer to shaft furnace and electric arc furnaces connection interface between have single row or multiple rows Can pass through mechanical device open and close finger class bracket.In arc furnace smelting procedure, by direct into waste gas stream Steelmaking feed is added and makes full use of exhaust gas to the warm-up ability of steelmaking feed, not merely with obvious heat of smoke, while using cigarette Fuel gas in gas carries out the chemical energy of second-time burning, and therefore, this kind of steelmaking feed preheating technology with material-supporting device is because of cigarette Gas can penetrate steelmaking feed layer, and pre-heating energy-saving effect is good, can reach a ton steel 60kwh~100kwh, still, in Classical Shaft Furnace by In direct impact of the steelmaking feed to finger class bracket, it is easy to cause and is smashed by steelmaking feed, increase plant maintenance, affect The popularization and use of steelmaking feed preheating technology.Simultaneously because there are a certain amount of thin materials in steelmaking feed, in fuel gas two It is likely to cause the fusing of local steelmaking feed in the case where secondary burning, steelmaking feed in shaft furnace is caused to bond, causes shaft furnace refining Steel raw material can not smoothly enter the problem of electric arc furnaces.

Although the shaft furnace thermal efficiency is higher, steelmaking feed preheating temperature is higher, it requires the absolute altitude of workshop very high, and equipment is huge Greatly, one-time investment is very high, and is not suitable with the transformation in old electric-arc furnace steelmaking workshop.In comb formula shaft furnace, the hot cigarette of electric arc furnaces Gas enters from the lower end of vertical shaft, is discharged from the upper end of vertical shaft.In this way, the section of vertical shaft will have sufficiently large, hot fume could be allowed to exist It is flowed through in gap between steelmaking feed.In actual production, the finger of water cooling, which is combed, is easy to be smashed leak by steelmaking feed, or former by steel-making Material blocks, and the cost of equipment is high, and plant maintenance amount is big, so only the big stove of some makes comb formula shaft furnace on electric-arc furnace steelmaking With.

Utility model content

Shock problem caused by order to solve steelmaking feed during charging.The utility model provides a kind of steel-making Equipment, the steelmaking equipment carry out capture to steel scrap using electromagnetic brake and form hanging stock column, utilize electromagnetic brake capture The raw scrap material that the stock column carrying top that raw scrap material is formed is fallen；Cancel and utilizes the finger-shaped valve that water flowing is cooling in traditional design Group mechanism avoids the drawbacks of finger class deformation and equipment leak caused by cracking are caused due to raw scrap material falling impacts； Using the flue gas generated in arc furnace smelting procedure to scrap steel preheating, using vertical reverse motor pattern realize raw scrap material and The good heat exchange action of flue gas, the efficient and rational safe heat using flue gas realize the big of electric arc furnace smelting comprehensive energy consumption Amplitude reduction.

The utility model solves that technical application used by its technical problem is novel to be: a kind of steelmaking equipment, comprising:

Vertical shaft preheater, containing vertical shaft, electromagnetic brake and pusher, vertical shaft is the open tubular knot of upper and lower ends Structure, electromagnetic brake, which can generate magnetic field, rests on the steelmaking feed entered in vertical shaft in vertical shaft；

Electric arc furnaces, containing bell and furnace body setting up and down, furnace body contains furnace wall and furnace bottom setting up and down, sets on furnace wall There is steelmaking feed entrance, pusher can push the steelmaking feed fallen in vertical shaft into the steelmaking feed entrance.

Vertical shaft preheater contains there are two electromagnetic brake, and two electromagnetic brakes are symmetrically disposed on the left and right two of vertical shaft Side, electromagnetic brake are electromagnet, and electromagnetic brake contains cored and coil, and electromagnetic brake is set to outside the lower part of vertical shaft.

Vertical shaft preheater also contains electromagnetic heater, and electromagnetic heater can heat the steelmaking feed in vertical shaft, and electromagnetism adds Hot device is located at outside the middle part of vertical shaft.

Vertical shaft preheater also contains Fuel lance and combustion-supporting oxygen rifle, and Fuel lance and combustion-supporting oxygen rifle connect with the borehole wall of vertical shaft It connects, Fuel lance and combustion-supporting oxygen rifle are respectively positioned between electromagnetic heater and electromagnetic brake.

Vertical shaft preheater also contains receiving cone, the entrance of receiving cone towards upper outlet downward, the outlet of receiving cone with The upper end of vertical shaft is corresponding, and the entrance of receiving cone is equipped with upper drop bar, between the outlet of receiving cone and the upper end of vertical shaft Equipped with lower drop bar, upper drop bar and lower drop bar can move in the horizontal direction.

Pusher contains braced frame, material feeding bottom plate, pushes away steel plate and pushes away steel driving part, material feeding bottom plate and vertical shaft with Braced frame is connected and fixed, and braced frame is able to drive material feeding bottom plate and vertical shaft moves in the horizontal direction, and the inclination of material feeding bottom plate is set It sets, the lower end of material feeding bottom plate is corresponding with the steelmaking feed entrance on furnace wall, pushes away steel plate and is set on material feeding bottom plate, pushes away steel Plate can slide on material feeding bottom plate, push away the lower section that steel plate is located at vertical shaft, and pushing away steel driving part can push away falling on steel plate Steelmaking feed is pushed into the steelmaking feed entrance.

Pusher also contains guide roller and guide roller lift drive mechanism, and guide roller is located in braced frame, and is oriented to Between the steelmaking feed entrance and the lower end of vertical shaft, guide roller is in a horizontal state roller, the guide roller lift drive mechanism Guide roller can be controlled to move along the vertical direction, the guide roller lift drive mechanism is connect with braced frame, pushes away steel driving portion Part is hydraulic cylinder, pushes away steel driving part and is connect by telescopic rod with steel plate is pushed away.

The lower section of electric arc furnaces is equipped with elevating mechanism, which contains rise fall of electrodes platform setting up and down and promote dress Set, rise fall of electrodes platform is connected and fixed with furnace body, lifting device can driving electrodes hoistable platform and furnace body synchronization lifting, electric arc The right side of furnace is equipped with rotary lifting mechanism, which can drive furnace cover lifting and rotation.

Furnace wall is connected with coherent oxygen lance, and bell is connected with electrode, and electrode passes sequentially through conductive cross arm and electrode lifting device It is connect with rise fall of electrodes platform, electrode lifting device being capable of driving electrodes and conductive cross arm synchronization lifting.

The rotary lifting mechanism contains sequentially connected bell braced frame, supporting member, lift cylinders, rotating device and rotation Turn pedestal, bell is connected and fixed with bell braced frame, and lift cylinders can drive furnace cover lifting, and rotating device can drive bell It is rotated by axis of the center line of lift cylinders.

The beneficial effects of the utility model are:

First, the utility model can be realized the continuously pre-heating of steel scrap, while can be using electromagnetic heater to smelting First furnace steel scrap is preheated, and can use gas gun and combustion-supporting oxygen rifle to scrap heating, while can pass through flue gas analyzer Flue-gas temperature is measured with temperature measuring set, the input quantity of feedback control combustion-supporting oxygen rifle and Fuel lance, while being directed to cigarette Fuel gas in gas carries out combustion heat release, the generation of the Toxic for the middle dioxin that removes smoke.

Second, the utility model captures the steel scrap of whereabouts using electromagnetic brake, realizes steel scrap continuous heating, hold The continuous process to fall automatically, eliminates the finger-shaped valve group of Classical Shaft Furnace preheater or the control mechanism of other forms, avoids giving up The drawbacks of impact of steel stove material dropping process causes finger-shaped valve group leak that electric arc furnaces is caused to stop production.Steel scrap is carried out using pusher The feed way of electric arc furnaces is added, is preheating to the steel scrap of the predetermined temperature whereabouts mode multiple batches of using small lot, reduces and push away The driving force request of material machine, while the load of raw scrap material top bulk deposition raw scrap material is avoided, using lesser driving force The charging movement that raw scrap material is realized with structure, realizes being continuously added to for steel scrap, while can stop adding for steel scrap as needed Enter, shaft furnace discharge gate can be fully sealed in steel scrap guide roller, realize that the stopping of steel scrap is added.

Third, the utility model can be realized by way of electromagnetic brake is using iron core and electromagnetic brake combination Biggish electromagnetic force is just generated under conditions of lesser electric current input, realizes that electromagnetic brake is capable of the useless of strong magnetic force capture whereabouts Steel.

Fourth, the utility model electromagnetic brake is hot using the magnetic transformation of steel, when raw scrap material temperature reaches transformation Electromagnetic brake can not carry out magnetic catch to raw scrap material after temperature, and raw scrap material by self gravity due to being influenced, together When pressure influence by upper layer raw scrap material, can be realized the free-falling of steel scrap, while temperature is lower than magnetic transition temperature Steel scrap captured in dropping process by electromagnetic brake, form new steel scrap furnace charge build-up areas, while upper layer being supported to fall Raw scrap material can guarantee that subsequent raw scrap material holds preheating.The automatic whereabouts for realizing raw scrap material, reduces tradition machinery control The complexity of system eliminates finger Fa Lei mechanism.

Detailed description of the invention

The accompanying drawings constituting a part of this application is used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, this is practical Novel illustrative embodiments and their description are not constituteed improper limits to the present invention for explaining the utility model.

Fig. 1 is the main view of steelmaking equipment described in the utility model.

Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of vertical shaft preheater.

Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram to be fed by overhead traveling crane and material basket to receiving cone.

Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram that vertical shaft preheater preheats steelmaking feed.

Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram that steelmaking feed falls and material basket feeds.

Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram that steelmaking feed melts and persistently feeds.

Fig. 7 is off the schematic diagram of charging and smelting molten steel process.

Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram for staying molten steel and raw material to be continuously added into smelting process after tapping.

Working state schematic representation when Fig. 9 is using inclination feed mechanism.

100, vertical shaft preheater；101, upper drop bar；102, receiving cone；103, lower drop bar；104, vertical shaft； 105, electromagnetic heater；106, Fuel lance；107, braced frame；108, rolling bearing；109, driving mechanism；110, rotation axis It holds；111, rolling bearing；112, guide roller；113, sealing mechanism；114, wheel；115, steel plate is pushed away；116, material feeding bottom plate；117, Telescopic rod；118, rolling bearing；119, pusher；120, steel driving part is pushed away；121, electromagnetic brake；122, iron core； 123, combustion-supporting oxygen rifle；124, exhaust smoke hole；125, flue；126, flue gas analyzer；127, temperature measuring set；

200, electric arc furnaces；201, electrode；202, conductive cross arm；203, bell；204, burner hearth；205, furnace body；206, bell Braced frame；207, supporting member；208, coherent oxygen lance；209, furnace wall；210, lift cylinders；211, rotating device；212, it rotates Pedestal；213, rise fall of electrodes platform；214, electrode lifting device；215, furnace bottom；216, lower furnace shell frame；217, lifting device； 218, vertically-guided device；

301, overhead traveling crane；302, expect basket；

401, guide rail；402, traction device；403, tipping bucket；404, tilting mechanism；405, limited block；406, lift truck.

501, furnace charge；502, the furnace charge captured；503, the furnace charge to fall；504, the furnace charge of furnace bottom is fallen on；505, molten steel.

Specific embodiment

It should be noted that in the absence of conflict, the features in the embodiments and the embodiments of the present application can phase Mutually combination.The utility model will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

A kind of steelmaking equipment, including vertical shaft preheater 100 and electric arc furnaces 200, vertical shaft preheater 100 contain vertical shaft 104, electricity Magnetic brake 121 and pusher 119, vertical shaft 104 are the open tubular construction of upper and lower ends, and electromagnetic brake 121 can Generating magnetic field rests on the steelmaking feed entered in vertical shaft 104 in vertical shaft 104；Electric arc furnaces 200 contains bell setting up and down 203 and furnace body 205, furnace body 205 contains furnace wall 209 setting up and down and furnace bottom 215, and furnace wall 209 is equipped with steelmaking feed entrance, The lower end of vertical shaft 104 is higher than the steelmaking feed entrance on furnace wall 209, and pusher 119 can will be fallen in vertical shaft 104 Steelmaking feed is pushed into the steelmaking feed entrance, i.e. pusher 119 can push the steelmaking feed fallen in vertical shaft 104 Enter in the burner hearth 204 of electric arc furnaces 200, as shown in Fig. 1 to Fig. 8.

Vertical shaft preheater 100 mainly realizes the addition and pre- heat function to steelmaking feed (such as steel scrap), and electric arc furnaces 200 is main It realizes the fusing of raw scrap material and smelts function.Vertical shaft preheater 100 is containing there are two electromagnetic brake 121, two electromagnetic systems Dynamic device 121 is symmetrically disposed on the left and right sides of vertical shaft 104, and electromagnetic brake 121 is the electromagnet that can generate high-intensity magnetic field, electricity Magnetic brake 121 contains cored 122 and coil, and electromagnetic brake 121 is set to outside the lower part of vertical shaft 104, such as Fig. 1 to Fig. 3 institute Show.

In the present embodiment, vertical shaft preheater 100 also contains electromagnetic heater 105, and electromagnetic heater 105 can generate friendship The magnetic field of change, so as to heat the steelmaking feed (such as steel scrap) in vertical shaft 104, electromagnetic heater 105 is located in vertical shaft 104 Outside portion.Vertical shaft preheater 100 also contains Fuel lance 106 and combustion-supporting oxygen rifle 123, Fuel lance 106 and combustion-supporting oxygen rifle 123 with The borehole wall of vertical shaft 104 connects, and Fuel lance 106 and combustion-supporting oxygen rifle 123 are respectively positioned on electromagnetic heater 105 and electromagnetic brake 121 Between.

In the present embodiment, vertical shaft preheater 100 also contains receiving cone 102, and the entrance of receiving cone 102 is towards upper outlet Downward, receiving cone 102 is located at the top of vertical shaft 104, and the outlet of receiving cone 102 is corresponding with the upper end of vertical shaft 104, material feeding The entrance of funnel 102 is equipped with upper drop bar 101, is equipped with down between the outlet of receiving cone 102 and the upper end of vertical shaft 104 close Slide plate 103 is sealed, upper drop bar 101 and lower drop bar 103 can move left and right in the horizontal direction.

In the present embodiment, pusher 119 contains braced frame 107, material feeding bottom plate 116, pushes away steel plate 115 and pushes away steel drive Dynamic component 120, material feeding bottom plate 116 and vertical shaft 104 are connected and fixed with braced frame 107, braced frame 107 be able to drive by Material bottom plate 116 and vertical shaft 104 move left and right in the horizontal direction, material feeding bottom plate 116 is obliquely installed, the lower end of material feeding bottom plate 116 with The steelmaking feed entrance on furnace wall 209 is corresponding, pushes away steel plate 115 and is set on material feeding bottom plate 116, pushing away steel plate 115 can It is slided on material feeding bottom plate 116, pushes away the lower section that steel plate 115 is located at vertical shaft 104, push away steel driving part 120 and can will fall in pushing away steel Steelmaking feed on plate 115 is pushed into the steelmaking feed entrance, so that steelmaking feed be made to enter in electric arc furnaces 200.

In the present embodiment, braced frame 107 is capable of the lower end of vertical shaft 104 and the steelmaking feed on furnace wall 209 enters It is connected between mouthful, pusher 119 also contains guide roller 112 and guide roller lift drive mechanism, and guide roller 112 is located at support In frame 107, and guide roller 112, between the steelmaking feed entrance and the lower end of vertical shaft 104, guide roller 112 is in level State, the guide roller lift drive mechanism can control guide roller 112 and move along the vertical direction, the guide roller elevator drive machine Structure is connect with braced frame 107, and pushing away steel driving part 120 is hydraulic cylinder, is pushed away steel driving part 120 and is passed through telescopic rod 117 and push away Steel plate 115 connects.

In the present embodiment, the lower section of electric arc furnaces 200 is equipped with elevating mechanism, which contains electrode setting up and down Hoistable platform 213 and lifting device 217, rise fall of electrodes platform 213 are connected and fixed with furnace body 205, and lifting device 217 can drive The right side of 205 synchronization lifting of moving electrode hoistable platform 213 and furnace body, electric arc furnaces 200 is equipped with rotary lifting mechanism, the rotation and lifting Mechanism can drive bell 203 to go up and down and rotate.

In the present embodiment, furnace wall 209 is connected with coherent oxygen lance 208, and bell 203 is connected with electrode 201, electrode 201 according to Secondary to be connect by conductive cross arm 202 and electrode lifting device 214 with rise fall of electrodes platform 213, electrode lifting device 214 can drive 202 synchronization lifting of moving electrode 201 and conductive cross arm.The rotary lifting mechanism contains sequentially connected bell braced frame 206, holds Part 207, lift cylinders 210, rotating device 211 and rotating base 212 are reconstructed, bell 203 connect solid with bell braced frame 206 Fixed, lift cylinders 210 can drive bell 203 to go up and down, and rotating device 211 can drive bell 203 with the center of lift cylinders 210 Line is axis rotation.

In the present embodiment, which further includes the overhead traveling crane for steelmaking feed to be added into receiving cone 102 301 are respectively positioned on the top of receiving cone 102 with material basket 302 with material basket 302, overhead traveling crane 301.Steelmaking feed (such as steel scrap) can pass through Overhead traveling crane 301 and material basket 302 are sent into receiving cone 102.Alternatively, can also be using inclination feed mechanism into receiving cone 102 It is added steelmaking feed, which is set to outside the left side of vertical shaft 104, which, which contains, is obliquely installed Guide rail 401, guide rail 401 are equipped with traction device 402 and tipping bucket 403, as shown in figure 9, using the form of hopper inclination feeding, it can The drawbacks of to realize the feeding in continuous material of raw scrap material, overhead traveling crane feeding is avoided to need manual operation, this kind of process program are especially suitable In the process layout of newly-built smelting shop.In addition, steelmaking feed is added to by the form that stepped bucket chain conveyor also can be used In the receiving cone 102 of 104 top of vertical shaft.

Wherein, electromagnetic brake 121 is mainly combined by iron core 122 and electromagnetic coil, an iron core and an electromagnetic coil It is combined into an electromagnetic brake 121, vertical shaft preheater 100 contains at least two electromagnetic braking in the horizontal direction of vertical shaft 104 104 two opposite side-wall outer sides of vertical shaft are arranged in device 121, electromagnetic brake 121, and two electromagnetic brakes form one group of electromagnetism One group of electromagnetic brake 121 is at least arranged in shaft height direction in brake, and electromagnetic brake 121 is incuded using electromagnetic coil High-intensity magnetic field is formed, using the raw scrap material to fall in high-intensity magnetic field capture vertical shaft, forms steel scrap accumulation area in the lower section section of vertical shaft, The raw scrap material fallen using the steel scrap accumulation area carrier vertical shaft top of electromagnetic brake capture, is formed vacantly inside vertical shaft Steel scrap stock column.

At least one set of electromagnetic heater 105 is set in the short transverse of vertical shaft 104, the steel scrap that the first furnace is smelted is due to electric arc The molten steel not melted in furnace 200, the not no flue gas of high temperature inside the burner hearth 204 of electric arc furnaces 200, can not be using flue gas to steel-making Raw material is preheated, and may be implemented to preheat 200 first furnace steel scrap of electric arc furnaces using electromagnetic heater, realizes electric arc furnaces 200 it is all enter furnace raw scrap material continuously pre-heating, reduce the thermic load of arc furnace electrode, reduce the consumption of electrode, extending electrode makes With the service life, extend the service life of electric arc furnaces 200 furnace wall and cupola well.

In conjunction with the reality in 200 workshop of electric arc furnaces, flammable raw material can be sprayed by vertical shaft preheater by Fuel lance 106 100 inside directly preheats steel scrap using remaining oxygen combustion in 200 flue gas of electric arc furnaces；Combustion-supporting oxygen can also be used Combustion oxygen or air are sprayed into the inside of vertical shaft preheater 100 by rifle 123, using in 200 flue gas of electric arc furnaces fuel gas and Combustion oxygen carries out combustion heat release, is directly preheated to steel scrap；It can use Fuel lance and spray into combustible, combustion-supporting oxygen lance spraying Enter combustion air or oxygen, in combination with 200 flue gas of electric arc furnaces, realizes flammable in 200 flue gas of electric arc furnaces in vertical shaft preheater Object, the combustible of penetrating and oxygen combustion heat release directly preheat steel scrap.

Preheating method in electric arc furnaces 200 can use electromagnetic heater 105, combustion-supporting oxygen rifle 123 and Fuel lance 106 The raw scrap material in vertical shaft preheater 100 is preheated with the combination preheating method of a variety of preheating methods of 200 flue gas of electric arc furnaces, Simultaneously for cost factor consider, meet scrap steel preheating temperature reach technique require under the premise of, using the side that cost is minimum Case carries out scrap steel preheating.

The inside of vertical shaft preheater 100 can protect vertical shaft using wear-resistant material in 104 laid inside wear-resistant material of vertical shaft Inner wall avoids raw scrap material in dropping process to the impact failure inside vertical shaft.Vertical shaft 104 can be used in short transverse, Vertical shaft lower cross section product is greater than vertical shaft top cross-sectional area, that is, uses the upward extended line of shaft wall and vertical shaft centerlines It is at an acute angle, it realizes the smooth whereabouts of scrap heating process and dropping process, reduces steel scrap to the abrasion inside vertical shaft.

Vertical shaft 104 can carry out water cooling in the form of water-cooling wall, and water-cooling wall can be laid in refractory material, close to perpendicular The refractory material side of furnace interior is laid with wear-resistant material, is laid with water-cooling wall close to the side of shaft furnace shell.104 bottom of vertical shaft is flat Platform is fixed using the structure of braced frame 107, the angle between material feeding bottom plate 116 and horizontal plane between 15 °~45 °, The bottom of braced frame 107 is equipped with wheel 114, and the carry out level on roller-way of vertical shaft preheater 100 may be implemented and move left and right. The discharge gate and 200 receiving opening of electric arc furnaces of vertical shaft preheater 100 use labyrinth seal, or are sealed using moisture film, can also be used The sealing of flexible high-temperature resistant material.

The side wall of vertical shaft 104 installs at least one flue gas analyzer 126 and at least one temperature measuring set 127, for dividing Analyse the smoke components and flue-gas temperature inside vertical shaft 104.The side wall of vertical shaft 104 is arranged an exhaust smoke hole 124, outside exhaust smoke hole 124 Portion connects flue 125, at least one fume component analysis instrument and the inspection of at least one flue-gas temperature are installed on flue 125 Survey instrument, for analyzing smoke components and flue-gas temperature inside flue, using in flue flue-gas temperature and ingredient as Feedback condition adjusts the heating power of electromagnetic heater, the blowing amount of Fuel lance and combustion-supporting oxygen rifle, realizes low-cost high-efficiency benefit With flue gas heat, meet scrap steel preheating temperature requirement.

Receiving cone 102 seals lower sealing during using double-layer seal trigger structure, raw scrap material that receiving cone is added Slide plate 103 realizes 200 smoke impervious of electric arc furnaces, does not have flue gas and overflows vertical shaft 104 and receiving cone 102；Receiving cone 102 After the raw scrap material for loading predetermined quality, lower drop bar 103 is opened in drop bar 101 in sealing, and steel scrap is made in self gravity With the inside for dropping down onto vertical shaft 104 that glides；It is close under closing after the inside steel scrap of receiving cone 102 all falls to 104 inside of vertical shaft Slide plate 103 is sealed, drop bar 101 in unlatching carries out the receiving cone operation of raw scrap material heating next time.

The subsequent connection air-introduced machine of flue 125, air-introduced machine form certain negative pressure in vertical shaft smoke outlet, realize in material feeding It will not overflow there is a phenomenon where flue gas is dissipated to receiving hopper during hopper charging, realize that entire charging process smokeless dissipates and spill over electricity The phenomenon that arc 200 workshop of furnace.

The position upper shaft side wall of the exhaust smoke hole 124 of vertical shaft 104 can design a boss, avoid receiving cone 102 The raw scrap material of whereabouts is fallen to inside smoke outlet；A barrier screen can also be designed in smoke outlet, hindered using grid plate structure Whereabouts steel scrap is kept off, the small-sized scrap under air-introduced machine suction function is avoided to enter exhaust smoke hole 124 and then enter flue；Cigarette can also be used Flue center line of the road close to vertical shaft one end tilts down certain angle, realizes that there are upstroke slopes for flue gas, avoids fritter Steel scrap enters flue, while allowing to fall back to inside vertical shaft under small-sized scrap.

Vertical shaft preheater 100 can open up a peep hole in the side wall of vertical shaft 104, can be observed in vertical shaft by peep hole Steel scrap accumulate situation, also in observable vertical shaft fuel gas combustion case；Shaft wall opens up a manhole, Ke Yi A driving device is arranged in manhole, a flame cutter is introduced using driving device, for vertical shaft inside in case of office The accumulation of portion's steel scrap and clamping stagnation carry out gas flame cuttiug to local steel scrap using gas flame cuttiug.

The course of work of the steelmaking equipment is introduced for smelting steel scrap below.

As shown in figure 3, the material basket 302 for carrying steel scrap furnace charge is transported to 100 top of vertical shaft preheater by overhead traveling crane 301 Receiving cone 102 top, drop bar 101 in opening closes lower drop bar 103, raw scrap material is added to material feeding In funnel 102.

Electromagnetic brake 121 is opened, the lower section using electromagnetic brake 121 in vertical shaft 104 forms high-intensity magnetic field, close in closing Slide plate 101 is sealed, lower drop bar 103 is opened, raw scrap material gradually falls to the lower section of vertical shaft 104, and electromagnetic brake 121 captures Raw scrap material, and steel scrap accumulation area is formed, steel scrap accumulation area is formed simultaneously magnetic field, before the steel scrap of subsequent whereabouts is gradually fallen in down Above the steel scrap of whereabouts.

For the one heat steel that electric arc furnaces 200 is smelted, due to, without molten steel and flue gas, being opened in the cupola well of electric arc furnaces 200 Fuel lance 106 and combustion-supporting oxygen rifle 123 on vertical shaft 104 carry out scrap heating, while continuously adding steel scrap.

As shown in figure 4, the steel scrap in receiving cone 102 is continuously added into vertical shaft preheater 100, steel scrap is added height and is more than Behind 105 position of electromagnetic heater, electromagnetic heater 105 is opened, raw scrap material is preheated using electromagnetic heater 105.

As shown in figure 5, when the steel scrap temperature in the lower section of vertical shaft 104 reaches ferromagnetic transition temperature (about 770 DEG C), Raw scrap material ferromagnetism disappears, and the raw scrap material that electromagnetic brake 121 adsorbs is detached from the magnetic-adsorption of electromagnetic brake, and steel scrap is former Material falls to pushing away on steel plate 115 below vertical shaft 104 under the effect of gravity, and unlatching pushes away steel driving part 120, by raw scrap material It is pushed into the predetermined position in 200 furnace of electric arc furnaces, while expecting that the raw scrap material of basket 302 can be added in receiving cone 102.Guiding Roller 112 can move up and down under the action of guide roller lift drive mechanism, and the raw scrap material for avoiding pusher from pushing knocks out Mouth position；Simultaneously according to the technological requirements, have the function of closing shaft furnace discharge gate.The guide roller lift drive mechanism contains rotation Bearing 108, driving mechanism 109, rolling bearing 110 and rolling bearing 111.

As shown in fig. 6, the steel scrap in the shaft furnace section on 121 present position top of electromagnetic brake is fallen under the effect of gravity 121 zone of action of electromagnetic brake, electromagnetic brake 121 captures the steel scrap of upper section region whereabouts again, in electromagnetic brake 121 The steel scrap of absorption magnetizes simultaneously, forms high-intensity magnetic field, and the steel scrap of 104 middle and upper part of vertical shaft continues slowly to fall to electromagnetic brake 121 The upper section of position, the steel scrap of whereabouts continue to preheat, and the raw scrap material of receiving cone 102 falls to vertical shaft preheater upper zone Domain；Electromagnetism preheater is automatically disengaged after the scrap steel preheating to predetermined temperature that electromagnetic brake 121 captures, 104 middle and upper part of vertical shaft Steel scrap, which continues to fall, to be preheated.

When steel scrap in vertical shaft 104 drops to certain altitude, lower drop bar 103 is closed, drop bar 101 in unlatching, The material basket 302 for loading raw scrap material is hoisted to the top of receiving cone 102 using overhead traveling crane 301, opens the bottom of material basket 302 Discharge mechanism raw scrap material is added in the receiving cone 102 on vertical shaft top, and steel scrap is closed after falling completely within receiving cone 102 Upper drop bar 101 opens lower drop bar 103, raw scrap material is added in vertical shaft 104.

Pusher 119 continues to control different steel scrap lowering positions in the steel scrap push-in electric arc furnaces 200 by preheating, fall Enter the steel scrap of cupola well bottom in accumulation on furnace hearth, when raw scrap material is when accumulation on furnace hearth is to scheduled quantity, starting rise fall of electrodes dress 214 are set, 201 height of electrode is reduced, steel scrap is heated in energization, and with the continuous heating of electric arc, steel scrap gradually melts, in furnace Cylinder bottom portion forms liquid state molten pool, forms foam slag blanket on molten steel bath surface, electric arc, which is buried in foamed slag, carries out continuous heating.

As shown in fig. 7, in electric arc furnaces 200 steel scrap be continuously added into, steel scrap is fallen into molten steel bath, molten steel bath pair Steel scrap is heated and is melted, while opening the coherent oxygen lance 208 on 200 side wall of electric arc furnaces, oxygen blast is carried out to molten steel, according to reality Border needs, using side wall carbon rifle to carbon dust is sprayed into inside burner hearth, molten bath is stirred using coherent oxygen lance 208 and carbon rifle, The operation such as carburetting, oxidation.

With the smelting of molten steel in electric arc furnaces 200, a large amount of high-temperature flue gas, high-temperature flue gas are formed inside 200 burner hearth of electric arc furnaces Successively enter in vertical shaft 104 by the lower end that furnace wall 209 is equipped with steelmaking feed entrance and vertical shaft 104, inside vertical shaft 104 Steel scrap is preheated, the thermocouple temperature measuring apparatus and online fume component analysis instrument installed on vertical shaft preheater 100 are utilized Flue-gas temperature and flue gas main component are monitored and detected, according to flue-gas temperature and smoke components, adjusts the defeated of electromagnetic heater 105 Enter power, under the premise of guaranteeing that scrap steel preheating temperature reaches technique and requires, using lesser electromagnetic heater power input, with The continuous progress of the lasting addition of steel scrap and smelting, a large amount of high-temperature flue gas generated in the burner hearth of electric arc furnaces 200 are persistently to useless Steel preheating, closing electromagnetic heater can be considered after reaching predetermined temperature in temperature, while can close Fuel lance and combustion-supporting oxygen Rifle.

After steel quality, temperature and the ingredient in cupola well reach target call, furnace cover lifting device is driven, by bell 203 rise certain altitude, realize that bell is separated with the small―gap suture of furnace wall, drive and mention with what the lower furnace shell frame of electric arc furnaces 200 was connect Device 217 is risen, fascinate lower furnace shell, carries out tapping steel using the tapping hole of cupola well bottom, will meet the steel of subsequent technique requirement Water is poured into steel ladle, and reservation is scheduled after molten steel reaches predetermined quality in ladle, while in cupola well stays steel amount, and adjustment is under The lifting device of furnace shell frame connection, is adjusted to smelting state for electric arc furnaces 200；The electromagnetic system in 200 tapping process of electric arc furnaces Dynamic device 121, electromagnetic heater 105, receiving cone 102 and charging material basket 302 can continue to carry out steel scrap addition and steel scrap to vertical shaft Preheating, while the steel scrap for being preheating to predetermined temperature is continuously added into cupola well, electrode realizes raw scrap material without being gone up and down and being powered off It is continuously added into 200 cupola well of electric arc furnaces.

As shown in figure 8, after the completion of a upper tapping steel, steel scrap continuous heating, 201 continuous heating of electrode, steel scrap is lasting It is added in molten bath, continues melting waste steel using the liquid molten steel of reservation, steel scrap, which persistently melts, forms bigger molten bath, with molten steel Continue growing, tapping steel, electric arc furnaces after the completion of tapping steel can be carried out after reaching predetermined steel quality, temperature and ingredient 200 enter next smelting cycle.Vertical shaft preheater may be implemented Non-intermittent and persistently feed and scrap steel preheating, 200 energy of electric arc furnaces It enough realizes Non-intermittent steel scrap addition cupola well and the heating of electrode Non-intermittent, smelts qualified molten steel and realize tapping stable period and make a reservation for Stay steel amount, meet the needs of subsequent handling.

Wherein, contain furnace charge 501, the furnace charge 502 captured, the furnace charge 503 to fall, the furnace for falling on furnace bottom into Fig. 9 in Fig. 3 Material 504 and molten steel 505.In addition, in order to facilitate understanding and description, absolute positional relation being used in the utility model and carries out table It states, noun of locality "upper" therein indicates the upper side direction in Fig. 1, and "lower" indicates that the downside direction in Fig. 1, " left side " indicate in Fig. 1 Left direction, " right side " indicate Fig. 1 in right direction.It can be understood as the utility model and used reading the utility model The observation visual angle of reader.But the above-mentioned noun of locality cannot understand or be not construed as the restriction to scope of protection of the utility model.

The above, only specific embodiment of the utility model cannot limit the range that utility model is implemented, institute with it With the displacement of its equivalent assemblies, or according to equivalent variations made by the utility model patent protection scope and modification, should all still fall within The scope that this patent is covered.In addition, between technical characteristic and technical characteristic in the utility model, technical characteristic and technical application Between novel, technical application it is novel it is novel with technical application between use can be freely combined.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of steelmaking equipment, which is characterized in that the steelmaking equipment includes:

Vertical shaft preheater (100), containing vertical shaft (104), electromagnetic brake (121) and pusher (119), vertical shaft (104) is The open tubular construction of upper and lower ends, electromagnetic brake (121), which can generate magnetic field, keeps the steel-making entered in vertical shaft (104) former Material rests in vertical shaft (104)；

Electric arc furnaces (200), containing bell (203) and furnace body (205) setting up and down, furnace body (205) contains furnace setting up and down Wall (209) and furnace bottom (215), furnace wall (209) are equipped with steelmaking feed entrance, and pusher (119) can will be in vertical shaft (104) The steelmaking feed fallen is pushed into the steelmaking feed entrance.

2. steelmaking equipment according to claim 1, which is characterized in that vertical shaft preheater (100) is containing there are two electromagnetic brakings Device (121), two electromagnetic brakes (121) are symmetrically disposed on the left and right sides of vertical shaft (104), and electromagnetic brake (121) is Electromagnet, electromagnetic brake (121) contain cored (122) and coil, and electromagnetic brake (121) is set under vertical shaft (104) Outside portion.

3. steelmaking equipment according to claim 1, which is characterized in that vertical shaft preheater (100) also contains electromagnetic heater (105), electromagnetic heater (105) can heat the steelmaking feed in vertical shaft (104), and electromagnetic heater (105) is located at vertical shaft (104) outside middle part.

4. steelmaking equipment according to claim 3, which is characterized in that vertical shaft preheater (100) also contains Fuel lance (106) it is connect with the borehole wall of vertical shaft (104) with combustion-supporting oxygen rifle (123), Fuel lance (106) and combustion-supporting oxygen rifle (123), fuel Spray gun (106) and combustion-supporting oxygen rifle (123) are respectively positioned between electromagnetic heater (105) and electromagnetic brake (121).

5. steelmaking equipment according to claim 1, which is characterized in that vertical shaft preheater (100) also contains receiving cone (102), the entrance of receiving cone (102) towards upper outlet downward, the outlet and the upper end phase of vertical shaft (104) of receiving cone (102) Corresponding, the entrance of receiving cone (102) is equipped with upper drop bar (101), outlet and vertical shaft (104) of receiving cone (102) Lower drop bar (103) are equipped between upper end, upper drop bar (101) and lower drop bar (103) can be in the horizontal direction It is mobile.

6. steelmaking equipment according to claim 1, which is characterized in that pusher (119) containing braced frame (107), Material feeding bottom plate (116) pushes away steel plate (115) and pushes away steel driving part (120), material feeding bottom plate (116) and vertical shaft (104) with support Frame (107) is connected and fixed, and braced frame (107) is able to drive material feeding bottom plate (116) and vertical shaft (104) moves in the horizontal direction Dynamic, material feeding bottom plate (116) is obliquely installed, lower end and the steelmaking feed entrance phase on furnace wall (209) of material feeding bottom plate (116) It is corresponding, it pushes away steel plate (115) and is set on material feeding bottom plate (116), pushing away steel plate (115) can slide on material feeding bottom plate (116), push away Steel plate (115) is located at the lower section of vertical shaft (104), and the steel-making original pushed away on steel plate (115) can will be fallen in by pushing away steel driving part (120) Material is pushed into the steelmaking feed entrance.

7. steelmaking equipment according to claim 1, which is characterized in that pusher (119) also containing guide roller (112) and Guide roller lift drive mechanism, guide roller (112) are located in braced frame (107), and guide roller (112) is located at the steel-making original Expect between entrance and the lower end of vertical shaft (104), guide roller (112) is in a horizontal state, which can control Guide roller (112) processed is moved along the vertical direction, and the guide roller lift drive mechanism is connect with braced frame (107), pushes away steel drive Dynamic component (120) is hydraulic cylinder, pushes away steel driving part (120) and is connect by telescopic rod (117) with steel plate (115) is pushed away.

8. steelmaking equipment according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the lower section of electric arc furnaces (200) is equipped with elevating mechanism, should Elevating mechanism contains rise fall of electrodes platform (213) and lifting device (217) setting up and down, rise fall of electrodes platform (213) and furnace Body (205) is connected and fixed, lifting device (217) can driving electrodes hoistable platform (213) and furnace body (205) synchronization lifting, electricity The right side of arc furnace (200) is equipped with rotary lifting mechanism, which can drive bell (203) to go up and down and rotate.

9. steelmaking equipment according to claim 8, which is characterized in that furnace wall (209) are connected with coherent oxygen lance (208), furnace Lid (203) is connected with electrode (201), and electrode (201) passes sequentially through conductive cross arm (202) and electrode lifting device (214) and electricity Pole hoistable platform (213) connection, electrode lifting device (214) being capable of driving electrodes (201) liters synchronous with conductive cross arm (202) Drop.

10. steelmaking equipment according to claim 8, which is characterized in that the rotary lifting mechanism contains sequentially connected furnace Lid braced frame (206), supporting member (207), lift cylinders (210), rotating device (211) and rotating base (212), bell (203) it is connected and fixed with bell braced frame (206), lift cylinders (210) can drive bell (203) to go up and down, rotating device (211) bell (203) can be driven to rotate by axis of the center line of lift cylinders (210).