CN110915570A - Method for improving transplanting survival rate of bare-rooted strawberry seedlings in three-dimensional matrix cultivation - Google Patents
Method for improving transplanting survival rate of bare-rooted strawberry seedlings in three-dimensional matrix cultivation Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the transplanting survival rate of bare-rooted strawberry seedlings in three-dimensional matrix cultivation, belonging to the technical field of strawberry cultivation; the method comprises the following steps of preparing before lifting seedlings: sterilizing and disease preventing treatment is carried out on a field seedling raising field; lifting seedlings: lifting off seedlings, removing old leaves, diseased leaves, invalid leaves and stolons, cleaning soil of root systems, obtaining bare-rooted seedlings of strawberries, and treating the bare-rooted seedlings with disinfectant; preparing concentrated seedling recovering: paving a wet cultivation medium in the seedling reviving seedbed; centralized seedling revival: carrying out centralized seedling recovery on the bare-rooted strawberry seedlings on a facility seedling bed or a simple seedling bed for 10-15 days until a large number of new roots grow on the bare-rooted strawberry seedlings; transplanting: transplanting the obtained strawberry seedlings to a three-dimensional cultivation frame; the method can lead the bare-rooted strawberry seedlings to generate a large amount of new roots after concentrated seedling recovery for 10-15 days, and the survival rate of the bare-rooted strawberry seedlings after being transplanted to a three-dimensional cultivation frame reaches more than 95%; meanwhile, the bare-rooted seedlings are concentrated in a certain area range in a high density, so that the labor intensity of water management in the seedling revival stage can be greatly reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a strawberry cultivation method, in particular to a method for improving the transplanting survival rate of bare-rooted strawberry seedlings in three-dimensional matrix cultivation.
Background
Strawberry three-dimensional cultivation is originally a labor-saving cultivation model developed in countries such as japan and spain to deal with the aging of strawberry cultivation workers. After application, the strawberry three-dimensional cultivation method has the following advantages besides the capability of reducing labor intensity: (1) the cultivation density is increased, and the land utilization rate is improved; (2) the substrate cultivation is adopted, the limitation of soil conditions is avoided, continuous cropping obstacles are avoided, and the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests is effectively reduced; (3) the strawberry fruits are cleaner and more sanitary; (4) novel form, good ornamental and can attract more sightseeing and picking.
The economic, social and ecological benefits of the strawberry three-dimensional cultivation mode are obvious, so that the strawberry three-dimensional cultivation mode is gradually developed in China in recent years, but the development speed of the strawberry three-dimensional cultivation mode is slow. The reason is that besides the reasons of large investment of early facilities and high operation cost, the related matching technology is incomplete and is one of the important factors restricting the development of the system.
The low transplanting survival rate is a problem commonly encountered in the prior strawberry three-dimensional cultivation. If the substrate seedling is selected, namely the strawberry seedling bred in the substrate can obtain the transplanting survival rate of more than 95 percent, but the seedling cost is more than 4 times of that of the bare-rooted seedling, at present, more than 90 percent of strawberry seedlings produced in the field are still bare-rooted seedlings bred in the field, and the transplanting survival rate of the bare-rooted seedling is usually only about 70 percent or even lower. Therefore, how to improve the transplanting survival rate of the bare-rooted seedlings in the stereoscopic strawberry cultivation is a problem which needs to be solved urgently in production.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problem of low transplanting survival rate of bare-rooted seedlings in stereoscopic strawberry cultivation in the prior art, the invention provides a method for improving the transplanting survival rate of bare-rooted seedlings of strawberries in stereoscopic matrix cultivation.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for improving the transplanting survival rate of bare-rooted strawberry seedlings in three-dimensional matrix cultivation comprises the following steps:
s1) preparation before lifting seedlings: sterilizing and disease preventing treatment is carried out on a field seedling raising field before lifting seedlings;
s2) lifting seedlings: selecting evening seedlings in cloudy days or cloudy days for lifting, removing old leaves, diseased leaves, invalid leaves and stolons, cleaning soil of root systems, obtaining bare-rooted seedlings of strawberries, and treating the bare-rooted seedlings with disinfectant;
s3) preparation of centralized seedling recovering: paving a wet cultivation medium in the seedling reviving seedbed;
s4) centralized seedling recovery: carrying out centralized seedling rejuvenation on the bare-rooted strawberry seedlings obtained in the step S2) on the seedling bed of the slow seedling in the step S3) for 10-15 days until a large number of new roots grow on the bare-rooted strawberry seedlings;
s5) transplanting: and (4) transplanting the strawberry seedlings obtained in the step (S4) to a three-dimensional cultivation frame.
The root system of bare-rooted strawberry seedlings is inevitably damaged in the field seedling lifting process, and the survival rate is lower when the bare-rooted strawberry seedlings are directly transplanted, for example, the survival rate is lower when the management is improper in a seedling revival stage or adverse weather conditions are met. Concentrated seedling revival for 10-15 days on the seedbed can restore damaged root systems during seedling lifting, can generate a large number of new root systems, and can effectively improve survival rate after transplantation; the high-density field planting and seedling revival is easier to manage.
Preferably, the sterilization and disease prevention treatment in S1) is carried out 2-3 days before seedling raising, so as to reduce the base number of germs.
Further, the specific operation of the sterilization and disease prevention treatment in S1) is to apply an aqueous solution obtained by diluting 25% pyraclostrobin by 800-1200 times according to the weight ratio to the field seedling raising field, so that the sterilization spectrum is wide, the bactericidal activity is high, and the control effect on brown spot, pythium wilt and common diseases is strong; in specific implementation, 25% pyraclostrobin can be directly applied to Karun of BASF GmbH, Germany;
preferably, the bare-rooted strawberry seedlings obtained in the step S2) include 4 leaves and 1 core, so that transpiration and water loss of the leaves are reduced, and root system load is reduced; the roots and soil are washed thoroughly without bringing the soil into the substrate bed.
Further, the disinfectant used in S2) is 600-1000 times of water solution diluted by 60% pyraclostrobin-metiram water dispersible granules or 500-800 times of water solution diluted by 80% mancozeb; the 60% pyraclostrobin-metiram water dispersible granule is a mixed preparation containing pyraclostrobin bactericide and protective bactericide metiram, has wider bactericidal spectrum and higher bactericidal activity, has various effects of preventing germ invasion, preventing germ diffusion, eliminating germs in vivo and the like, and can improve the immunocompetence of a plant body when being used in early stage; 80 percent of mancozeb belongs to broad-spectrum bactericide, also has the functions of protection and sterilization treatment, has the function of preventing various crop fungal diseases, and has reliable pesticide effect and longer lasting period.
Further, the specific process of treating the disinfectant in the step S2) includes immersing all root systems and rhizome parts of the bare-rooted strawberry seedlings in the disinfectant for 60-90 seconds, and then fishing out and airing for 1-3 min.
Preferably, the culture medium in S3) includes perlite and peat, and the volume of the peat is 1-3 times of the volume of the perlite; the culture medium should be fully moist and always maintain proper humidity, which is beneficial to the emergence of a new root system of a bare-rooted seedling during the seedling revival.
Preferably, the thickness of the culture substrate laid in S3) is 3-8 cm.
Further, in S4, the planting interval of the bare-rooted strawberry seedlings on the seedling reviving seedbed is 5-10 cm, wherein the planting interval not only refers to the distance between two adjacent strawberry seedlings in the same row, but also includes the distance between two adjacent rows of strawberry seedlings, namely, the distance between two adjacent strawberry seedlings in the same row and two adjacent rows of strawberry seedlings is 5-10 cm.
Preferably, the culture medium used on the stereoscopic cultivation frame in the S5 is the same as the culture medium used in the S3), so that the consistency of root system environment is kept, and the transplanted plant is more adaptive and is beneficial to survival after transplantation.
The seedling bed can be a finished facility seedling bed, or a simple material can be adopted to enclose and synthesize a required area range on the spot, and when the simple measure is adopted, a gardening ground cloth and a film are paved at the bottom to prevent bare-rooted seedlings from contacting with the ground. The bare-rooted strawberry seedlings are temporarily planted at a high density, so that water and fertilizer management can be facilitated, and the labor intensity is greatly reduced. In order to improve the survival rate, a sunshade net with the sunshade rate of 60-80% can be additionally arranged above the seedling reviving seedbed and is removed after the new leaves are lifted.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. greatly improves the transplanting survival rate of bare-rooted strawberry seedlings in three-dimensional cultivation:
the root system of the bare-rooted strawberry seedling is damaged in different degrees in the seedling lifting process, so that the transplanting survival rate is greatly influenced, and a large amount of dead seedlings are easily caused to cause huge loss to producers if the management is improper or adverse weather conditions are met; according to the technical scheme, after the bare roots of the strawberry seedlings are centralized and delayed in the matrix seedbed for 10-15 days, a large number of new roots can be generated, the survival rate after transplanting is high and can reach over 95%, the seedling delaying period is short, and the growth of plants and the yield are favorably obtained;
2. greatly reducing the water management intensity of the seedling revival stage after the three-dimensional cultivation facility is transplanted:
the strawberry three-dimensional cultivation is mainly characterized in that the utilization rate of land and facilities is improved by improving the planting density, and the cultivation density can be improved by 25-100% compared with the traditional land planting density by adopting different types of three-dimensional cultivation frames; therefore, the planting row number is obviously increased; in the initial stage after the field planting of the bare-rooted strawberry seedlings, as the root systems are damaged and the functions are not repeated during the seedling lifting, the water supply during the period is very important, the water supply amount of drip irrigation cannot meet the requirement, and the manual watering mode is mostly adopted, so that the workload is huge; through the application of this technique, with strawberry bare-rooted seedling with higher density concentrated the bradycardia in certain area, the management of the moisture of being convenient for, intensity of labour that significantly reduces, through the concentrated bradycardia back of 10 ~ 15 days, the plant has possessed sufficient newborn root system, transplants solid cultivation frame after alright direct adoption drip irrigation's mode supply moisture, has saved the loaded down with trivial details process of watering of bradycardia period.
Detailed Description
The following further describes the embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that the description of the embodiments is provided to help understanding of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Under the climatic conditions in Zhejiang province, the field planting period of the three-dimensional strawberry cultivation is usually from the beginning of 9 months to 25 days before 9 months, the concentrated seedling revival usually needs 10 to 15 days, namely, the concentrated field planting of the bare-rooted seedlings usually starts from 20 days to 25 days after 8 months. In the specific implementation, the method is not limited by regions, and the method can be implemented by those skilled in the art according to the local climate conditions by referring to the following examples; the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to examples:
example 1
(1) Sterilizing and preventing diseases of a field seedling raising field by using an aqueous solution diluted by 800 times in weight ratio by Karun (25% pyraclostrobin) for 18 days after 8 months;
(2) in the evening of 20 days after 8 months, the weather is cloudy, the concrete implementation can also be carried out in the evening of cloudy days, seedling lifting and cleaning are started, old leaves, diseased leaves, invalid leaves, creeping stems and the like of the bare-rooted strawberry seedlings are removed, 1 heart of 4 leaves is left, and soil of root systems is cleaned to obtain the bare-rooted strawberry seedlings;
(3) immersing all root systems and rhizome parts of the cleaned bare-rooted strawberry seedlings into a container filled with an aqueous solution of 60% pyraclostrobin and metiram water dispersible granules diluted by 600 times according to the weight ratio, disinfecting for 60s, taking out and airing for 1 min;
(4) planting the bare-rooted strawberry seedlings in the step (3) in a seedling reviving bed paved with 3cm wet culture medium at a spacing density of 6cm multiplied by 6cm on a facility seedling bed, and completing post-watering and permeating water, wherein the volume ratio of the culture medium is 1: 1 peat and perlite mixture;
(5) covering a sunshade net with the sunshade rate of 60% above the seedling bed of the seedling reviving step (4) until the new leaves are lifted up and then are removed;
(6) and (3) after the facility seedbed is used for rejuvenating seedlings for 10 days, checking the root systems of the strawberry seedlings, transplanting the strawberry bare-rooted seedlings to a three-dimensional cultivation frame by combining proper weather, paving a culture medium with the same components as the culture medium in the step (4) on the three-dimensional cultivation frame, and keeping the space between the fixed planting plants and the row spacing to be 5 cm.
Example 2
(1) Sterilizing and preventing diseases of a field seedling raising field by using an aqueous solution diluted by 1000 times in weight ratio by Karun (25% pyraclostrobin) for 19 days after 8 months;
(2) lifting and cleaning the seedlings at 22 days after 8 months, removing old leaves, diseased leaves, invalid leaves, stolons and the like of the bare-rooted strawberry seedlings, reserving 4 leaves and 1 heart, and cleaning root soil to obtain the bare-rooted strawberry seedlings;
(3) immersing all root systems and rhizome parts of the cleaned bare-rooted strawberry seedlings into a container filled with an aqueous solution of 60% pyraclostrobin and metiram water dispersible granules diluted by 1000 times according to the weight ratio, disinfecting for 90s, taking out and airing for 2.5 min;
(4) planting the bare-rooted strawberry seedlings in the step (3) in a seedling-reviving seedbed simply constructed by paving 6cm wet culture medium at intervals of 8cm multiplied by 8cm, and watering thoroughly after the seedling-reviving seedbed is finished, wherein the volume ratio of the culture medium is 2: 1 peat and perlite mixture;
(5) covering a sunshade net with sunshade rate of 75% above the seedling bed of the seedling reviving step (4) until the new leaves are lifted up and then are removed;
(6) and (4) after 15 days of seedling revival, checking the root systems of the strawberry seedlings, transplanting the strawberry bare-rooted seedlings to a three-dimensional cultivation frame in combination with proper weather, paving a culture medium with the same components as the culture medium in the step (4) on the three-dimensional cultivation frame, and keeping the spacing between the planted plants and the row spacing to be 10 cm.
Example 3
(1)8, 21 days per month, trivia (25% pyraclostrobin) is diluted by 1000 times of aqueous solution according to weight ratio to sterilize and prevent diseases of a field seedling raising field;
(2) lifting and cleaning the seedlings at 23 days after 8 months, removing old leaves, diseased leaves, invalid leaves, stolons and the like of the bare-rooted strawberry seedlings, reserving 4 leaves and 1 heart, and cleaning root soil to obtain the bare-rooted strawberry seedlings;
(3) immersing all root systems and rhizome parts of the cleaned bare-rooted strawberry seedlings into a container filled with an aqueous solution of 80% mancozeb diluted by 500 times according to the weight ratio, sterilizing for 70s, taking out and airing for 2 min;
(4) planting the bare-rooted strawberry seedlings in the step (3) in a seedling-recovering seedbed paved with 7cm wet culture medium at an interval density of 5cm multiplied by 5cm, and watering thoroughly after the planting, wherein the volume ratio of the culture medium is 3: 1 peat and perlite mixture;
(5) covering a sunshade net with the sunshade rate of 65% above the seedling bed of the seedling reviving step (4) until the new leaves are lifted up and then are removed;
(6) and (4) after 13 days of seedling revival, checking the root systems of the strawberry seedlings, transplanting the strawberry bare-rooted seedlings to a three-dimensional cultivation frame in combination with proper weather, paving a culture medium with the same components as the culture medium in the step (4) on the three-dimensional cultivation frame, and keeping the spacing between the planted plants and the row spacing to be 8 cm.
Example 4
(1) Sterilizing and preventing diseases of a field seedling raising field by using a water solution which is diluted by 1200 times according to the weight ratio and is trivially (25% pyraclostrobin) for 22 days after 8 months;
(2) lifting and cleaning the seedlings at 25 days after 8 months, removing old leaves, diseased leaves, invalid leaves, stolons and the like of the bare-rooted strawberry seedlings, reserving 4 leaves and 1 heart, and cleaning root soil to obtain the bare-rooted strawberry seedlings;
(3) immersing all root systems and rhizome parts of the cleaned bare-rooted strawberry seedlings into a container filled with an aqueous solution of 80% mancozeb diluted by 800 times according to the weight ratio, sterilizing for 80s, taking out and airing for 3 min;
(4) planting the bare-rooted strawberry seedlings in the step (3) in a seedling-recovering seedbed paved with 8cm wet culture medium at an interval density of 10cm multiplied by 10cm, and watering thoroughly after the planting, wherein the volume ratio of the culture medium is 3: 1 peat and perlite mixture;
(5) covering a sunshade net with the sunshade rate of 80% above the seedling bed of the seedling reviving step (4) until the new leaves are lifted up and then are removed;
(6) and (4) after the seedlings are revived for 14 days, checking the root systems of the strawberry seedlings, transplanting the strawberry bare-rooted seedlings to a three-dimensional cultivation frame in combination with proper weather, paving a culture medium with the same components as the culture medium in the step (4) on the three-dimensional cultivation frame, and keeping the spacing between the planted plants and the row spacing to be 10 cm.
Control group
The method comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) sterilizing and preventing diseases of the field seedling growing field by 1000 times of Karun (25% pyraclostrobin) solution after 8 months and 20 days.
(2) Lifting and cleaning the seedlings at 23 days after 8 months, removing old leaves, diseased leaves, invalid leaves, creeping stems and the like of bare-rooted strawberry seedlings, reserving 4 leaves with 1 heart, and cleaning soil of root systems;
(3) immersing all root systems and rhizome parts of the cleaned bare-rooted strawberry seedlings into a container filled with 800 times of 60% pyraclostrobin-metiram water dispersible granule, sterilizing for 60s, taking out and airing for 2 min;
(4) transplanting the bare-rooted strawberry seedlings to a three-dimensional cultivation frame.
Transplanting 100 bare-rooted strawberries subjected to centralized seedling revival and bare-rooted strawberries not subjected to centralized seedling revival of the embodiments 1, 2, 3 and 4 to a three-dimensional cultivation frame respectively, and recording the survival rate and the plant growth conditions after transplanting, wherein the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 transplanting survival rate and growth after survival of bare-rooted strawberry seedlings
| Group of | Survival rate of transplantation% | Growth conditions of plants |
| Control group | 67 | Taking the group as a seedling-slowing speed reference group |
| Example 1 | 96 | The seedling recovery speed is obviously higher than that of the reference group |
| Example 2 | 97 | The seedling recovery speed is obviously higher than that of the reference group |
| Example 3 | 95 | The seedling recovery speed is obviously higher than that of the reference group |
| Example 4 | 98 | The seedling recovery speed is obviously higher than that of the reference group |
Through statistics, it can be seen that a large number of new roots are generated after the bare-rooted strawberry seedlings are centralized and delayed in the culture medium for 10-15 days, the survival rate after transplanting is high, the seedlings are tidy and consistent, the seedling delaying period is short, and the growth of plants and the yield are favorably obtained. Therefore, the method is simple and convenient to operate and manage and can effectively improve the transplanting survival rate of the bare-rooted strawberry seedlings by aiming at the stereoscopic strawberry cultivation mode.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, but the present invention is not limited to the described embodiments. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and these embodiments are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for improving the transplanting survival rate of bare-rooted strawberry seedlings in three-dimensional matrix cultivation is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1) preparation before lifting seedlings: sterilizing and disease preventing treatment is carried out on a field seedling raising field before lifting seedlings;
s2) lifting seedlings: selecting evening seedlings in cloudy days or cloudy days for lifting, removing old leaves, diseased leaves, invalid leaves and stolons, cleaning soil of root systems, obtaining bare-rooted seedlings of strawberries, and treating the bare-rooted seedlings with disinfectant;
s3) preparation of centralized seedling recovering: paving a wet cultivation medium in the seedling reviving seedbed;
s4) centralized seedling recovery: carrying out centralized seedling rejuvenation on the bare-rooted strawberry seedlings obtained in the step S2) on the seedling bed of the slow seedling in the step S3) for 10-15 days until a large number of new roots grow on the bare-rooted strawberry seedlings;
s5) transplanting: and (4) transplanting the strawberry seedlings obtained in the step (S4) to a three-dimensional cultivation frame.
2. The method for improving the transplanting survival rate of bare-rooted strawberry seedlings in three-dimensional matrix cultivation according to claim 1, wherein the transplanting survival rate of the bare-rooted strawberry seedlings in the three-dimensional matrix cultivation is as follows: s1), the sterilization and disease prevention treatment is carried out 2-3 days before seedling lifting.
3. The method for improving the transplanting survival rate of bare-rooted strawberry seedlings in three-dimensional matrix cultivation according to claim 1, wherein the transplanting survival rate of the bare-rooted strawberry seedlings in the three-dimensional matrix cultivation is as follows: s1) is to apply an aqueous solution obtained by diluting 25% pyraclostrobin by 800-1200 times according to the weight ratio to the field seedling raising field.
4. The method for improving the transplanting survival rate of bare-rooted strawberry seedlings in three-dimensional matrix cultivation according to claim 1, wherein the transplanting survival rate of the bare-rooted strawberry seedlings in the three-dimensional matrix cultivation is as follows: the bare-rooted strawberry seedling obtained in S2) includes 4 leaves and 1 heart.
5. The method for improving the transplanting survival rate of bare-rooted strawberry seedlings in three-dimensional matrix cultivation according to claim 1, wherein the transplanting survival rate of the bare-rooted strawberry seedlings in the three-dimensional matrix cultivation is as follows: s2) is 60% pyraclostrobin-metiram water dispersible granule diluted by 600-1000 times by weight or 80% mancozeb diluted by 500-800 times by weight.
6. The method for improving the transplanting survival rate of bare-rooted strawberry seedlings in three-dimensional matrix cultivation according to claim 1, wherein the transplanting survival rate of the bare-rooted strawberry seedlings in the three-dimensional matrix cultivation is as follows: s2), immersing all root systems and rhizome parts of the bare-rooted strawberry seedlings in the disinfectant for 60-90S, and then fishing out and airing for 1-3 min.
7. The method for improving the transplanting survival rate of bare-rooted strawberry seedlings in three-dimensional matrix cultivation according to claim 1, wherein the transplanting survival rate of the bare-rooted strawberry seedlings in the three-dimensional matrix cultivation is as follows: s3), the culture medium comprises perlite and peat, and the volume of the peat is 1-3 times of that of the perlite.
8. The method for improving the transplanting survival rate of bare-rooted strawberry seedlings in three-dimensional matrix cultivation according to claim 1, wherein the transplanting survival rate of the bare-rooted strawberry seedlings in the three-dimensional matrix cultivation is as follows: and S3) the thickness of the culture substrate laid is 3-8 cm.
9. The method for improving the transplanting survival rate of bare-rooted strawberry seedlings in three-dimensional matrix cultivation according to claim 1, wherein the transplanting survival rate of the bare-rooted strawberry seedlings in the three-dimensional matrix cultivation is as follows: and S4, setting intervals of the bare-rooted strawberry seedlings on the seedling reviving seedbed are 5-10 cm.
10. The method for improving the transplanting survival rate of bare-rooted strawberry seedlings in three-dimensional matrix cultivation according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the transplanting survival rate of the bare-rooted strawberry seedlings in the three-dimensional matrix cultivation is as follows: the culture medium used on the three-dimensional cultivation shelves in S5 is the same as the culture medium used in S3).
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