CN110896897A - Efficient prevention and treatment method for pomfret amylooococcineosis - Google Patents
Efficient prevention and treatment method for pomfret amylooococcineosis Download PDFInfo
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- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 title claims description 144
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- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 174
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 153
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- 241000118010 Oodinium Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000003097 mucus Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
- A01K61/13—Prevention or treatment of fish diseases
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for efficiently preventing and treating a pomfret amyloidome disease, which ensures that a culture water body is clean and a daily culture environment and culture tools are cleaned by changing water amounts at different temperatures, so as to ensure that the living environment of pomfret is clean. Meanwhile, the gill part and body fluid of the dead fishes or the silvery pomfret bodies with weak constitution are inspected every 2-5 days, and the starch-caused oviparous disease is monitored in real time. The method for preventing and treating the formaldehyde of 50-100ppm with different frequencies at different temperatures in the water body is convenient to treat, and the shedding of the starch oodinoflagellate from the fish body can be accelerated in a short time. Compared with the use of heavy metal medicaments such as copper ions and the like, the damage to fish bodies due to overhigh concentration of metal ions is avoided, the incidence rate and the outbreak rate of the amylooviparous disease are greatly reduced, and the survival rate of the silvery pomfret is effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for efficiently preventing and treating a pomfret amyloootheca disease, and belongs to the technical field of aquaculture.
Background
Silvery pomfret is one of the main marine economic fishes in China, has delicious meat quality and higher nutritional value and market demand, but in recent years, due to over-fishing and environmental deterioration, the germplasm resources of wild silvery pomfret in China have obvious signs of decline, so that domestic researchers begin to develop the artificial breeding work of silvery pomfret successively. At present, in the artificial breeding process of pomfret, the disease caused by the starch ovibrio parasiticus is a main disease in the artificial breeding of pomfret. The amylooviparous is a widely distributed fish disease with strong lethality, and if the disease cannot be found and taken in time, pathogens can be rapidly transmitted, so that a great amount of silvery pomfret death is caused.
The starch oodinoflagellate is pear-shaped or spherical, one end of the starch oodinoflagellate is provided with a plurality of slender and telescopic podiform rhizoids, the rhizoids are mostly stretched into the tissues of the fish body and parasitize on the body surface or gill filaments of the fish, the rhizoids do not move after parasitizing, and epidermal cells can be stimulated to secrete a large amount of mucus to form white spots similar to velvet. The gills of the parasitic fish are anemic or hyperemic or the gills are rod-shaped, which can cause the fish to suffocate or die due to exhaustion. The length of the life cycle of the starch oodinoflagellate is related to the temperature, and the life cycle is 3-5 days at the water temperature of 22-25 ℃. The starch oodinoflagellate is transmitted through spores, and the transmission route can be transmitted through seawater, liquid drops, people, nets, culture tools and the like which are contacted with the starch oodinoflagellate. In 6-9 months of each year, the temperature of water rises to more than 23 ℃ to reach the temperature suitable for the propagation of the starch oodinoflagellate, the introduction or propagation of spores becomes possible, and the starch oodinoflagellate is rapidly spread and spread by cross infection.
Chinese patent document CN 102499126A discloses a cultivation method of spotted maigre, which comprises the steps of firstly treating frozen fish in bait by 20-50 mg/L formalin for 4-6 min, controlling feeding amount according to the weight of the spotted maigre when mixed feed is used, controlling cultivation density according to the weight of the spotted maigre, simultaneously carrying out regular pesticide bath by using seawater solution of a mixture with the mass ratio of copper sulfate to ferrous sulfate being 7: 3, strengthening cleaning equipment when the temperature of cultivation water body exceeds 22 ℃, removing sludge at the bottom of a pond, changing water and the like, playing the roles of killing starch oodinoflagellate spores, eliminating the generation condition of eutrophication of pond water, timely eliminating the possible starch oodinoflagellate propagation source and the like, and finally realizing the functions of cutting off the propagation of the starch oodinoflagellate and inhibiting the propagation thereof.
At present, no report is found on an efficient prevention and treatment method for pomfret amyloidome. The prevention and treatment method can not be directly applied to the prevention and treatment of the amyloovalbumus in the breeding of the pomfret, so that the effective prevention and treatment of the amyloovalbumus in the artificial breeding process of the pomfret is a problem which needs to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides a method for preventing and treating pomfret amylovorous dinoflagellate disease in an industrial culture mode, so that the prevention and treatment effect of the pomfret amylovorous dinoflagellate disease is improved, and the death rate of artificially cultured pomfret is reduced.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for efficiently preventing and treating pomfret amyloidomycosis comprises the steps of management of a culture water body, cleaning of a culture environment and culture tools, fish body inspection and drug treatment, and specifically comprises the following operations:
(1) pretreatment of the culture pond: after the conventional disinfection of the culture pond, formaldehyde treatment is carried out to kill potential starch oodinoflagellate bodies, and the treatment method comprises the following steps: uniformly spraying 200-400 ppm of formaldehyde solution on the bottom and the wall of the tank, covering the black film overnight, and then washing the black film with clean seawater;
(2) managing the aquaculture water body: in the culture process, micro-flow operation is adopted, namely, water inlet and outlet bodies with flow rate of 5-10L/min are always kept in the culture pond; when the temperature of the aquaculture water body is lower than 22 ℃, water is changed for 60-80% once a day, and when the temperature of the aquaculture water body exceeds 22 ℃, water is changed for 80-100% twice a day;
(3) cleaning a culture environment and culture tools: cleaning the bottom and the wall of the culture pond twice in the morning and evening every day, and cleaning the bottom and the wall of the culture pond by using a brush after a dirt suction device sucks dirt on the whole bottom of the culture pond; soaking the culture tool in fresh water every other week; when the starch oodinoflagellate infection occurs, the culture tools in the pond are isolated, the formaldehyde solution with the concentration of 150 plus 200ppm is used for drug treatment, the pond is soaked overnight and then washed clean by clean seawater, and the tools can be used in a mixing way after being dried;
(4) checking the fish body: if the death phenomenon of the pomfret does not occur, the pomfret with weak constitution is checked every 2-5 days, and if the death phenomenon of the pomfret occurs, the dead pomfret is checked every day; examining the situation of amylooococcosis by performing microscopic examination on skin mucus and gill tissues of pomfret;
(5) and (3) drug treatment: when the body fluid and gill part of the pomfret can not detect the starch oodinoflagellate, periodically performing drug prevention treatment on the culture water body and the wall of the culture pond, wherein the used drug is formaldehyde, and the dosage of the formaldehyde is 50-80 ppm; when the starchy oodinium is detected in the body fluid and gill part of the pomfret, periodically performing drug disease removal treatment on the culture water body and the wall of a culture pond, wherein the used drug is formaldehyde, and the dosage of the formaldehyde is 60-100 ppm; during the process of drug prevention/disease removal treatment, the oxygen is added to the maximum to prevent fish from being killed due to oxygen deficiency, and after the treatment is finished, the water is changed to discharge the residual formaldehyde, wherein the water change amount is 100%.
In the above technical solution, in the step (1), the formaldehyde solution is preferably obtained by mixing 1000ml of formaldehyde into a bucket with a volume of 32L, adding water, and mixing to obtain the desired concentration; the concentration of the formaldehyde solution is preferably 300 ppm; the tool during spraying is preferably a watering can; the time for covering overnight with black film is preferably 24 h.
In the above technical solution, in the step (2): when water is changed, the drainage valve is opened to drain water, and when the water level is reduced to 30-40cm, the water inlet valve is opened to simultaneously feed water and drain water; and (4) closing the drainage valve when the water level is reduced to 20-25cm, and continuously feeding water until the culture pond is filled with water (the water level is adjusted according to the size of the fish body so as to avoid the fish body from being scratched).
In the above technical solution, in the step (2): when the micro-flow operation is adopted, the culture pond always keeps water inlet and outlet with the flow rate of 5-10L/min; after each feeding, the flowing water is increased to 10L/min, and the oil film is removed to keep the water fresh.
In the above technical scheme, in the step (3), when the starch-ooze dinoflagellate infection occurs, the culture tool is preferably subjected to drug treatment by using 200ppm formaldehyde solution.
In the technical scheme, in the step (4), when the temperature of the culture water body is lower than 22 ℃, the life cycle of the starch-egg dinoflagellate is long, the breeding speed is slow, even the starch-egg dinoflagellate is not found any more, so that 1-3 starch-egg dinoflagellates can be observed at the gill part of a silvery pomfret if diseases occur; when the temperature of the culture water body is higher than 22 ℃, the breeding speed of the starch oodinoflagellate is high, if diseases occur, 3-5 trachinotus ovatus gills can be observed, and if the diseases occur seriously, 20-40 trachinotus ovatus are found.
In the technical scheme, in the step (4), when the temperature of the culture water body exceeds 22 ℃, the high-incidence stage of the amylooo-dinoflagellate disease is exactly, the time interval of fish body inspection needs to be correspondingly shortened, the mass propagation of the amylooo-dinoflagellate is prevented, and if the death phenomenon of the silvery pomfret does not occur, the inspection is preferably performed once every 2 days.
In the technical scheme, in the step (5), during the drug prevention/disease removal treatment, feeding of the front pomfret is stopped for one meal each time, formaldehyde is poured into a watering pot and diluted with seawater, the water level of the culture water body is reduced to 35-45cm (adjusted according to the size of the fish body), the formaldehyde is uniformly sprayed into the culture pond, the pond wall is sprayed, the spraying is stopped after the preset formaldehyde measurement is reached, and the treatment (soaking) is carried out for 1-2h each time, preferably 1 h.
In the technical scheme, in the step (5), when the starchy ootheca cannot be detected in the body fluid and the gill part of the pomfret, the pond walls of the culture water body and the culture pond are periodically subjected to drug prevention treatment: when the temperature of the aquaculture water body is lower than 17 ℃, performing formaldehyde treatment every half month, wherein the formaldehyde is measured to be 50ppm, and treating for 1-2h (preferably 1h) each time; performing formaldehyde treatment once a week when the temperature of the aquaculture water body is 17-22 deg.C, wherein the formaldehyde is 50-60ppm (preferably 60ppm), and each treatment lasts for 1-2h (preferably 1 h); performing formaldehyde treatment twice a week when the temperature of the aquaculture water body is 22-30 deg.C, wherein the formaldehyde is 60-70ppm (preferably 70ppm), and each treatment time is 1-2h (preferably 1 h); when the temperature of the culture water body is higher than 30 ℃, formaldehyde treatment is carried out twice a week, and the formaldehyde is measured to be 70-80ppm (preferably 75ppm) of formaldehyde, and each treatment lasts for 1-2h (preferably 1 h).
In the technical scheme, in the step (5), when the starchy ootheca is detected by the body fluid and the gill part of the pomfret, the pond walls of the culture water body and the culture pond are periodically subjected to drug disease removal treatment: when the temperature of the culture water body is 17-22 ℃, the formaldehyde is measured to be 60-70ppm (preferably 70ppm), the treatment is carried out once every 24 hours, 1-2 hours (preferably 1 hour) are carried out each time, and the treatment lasts for 2-4 days (generally two days, if the starch oodinoflagellate is still found, the treatment lasts for 1-2 days); when the temperature of the culture water body is 22-30 ℃, the formaldehyde is measured to be 70-80ppm (preferably 80ppm), the treatment is carried out once every 24 hours, each treatment is carried out for 1-2 hours (preferably 1 hour), the treatment is carried out for 2-4 days (generally for two days, if the starch oodinoflagellate is still found, the treatment can be prolonged for 1-2 days); when the temperature of the culture water body is higher than 30 ℃, the formaldehyde is measured to be 80-100ppm (preferably 90ppm), the treatment is carried out once every 24 hours, the treatment is carried out for 1-2 hours (preferably 1 hour) each time, and the drug treatment time is 2-4 days (generally two days, if the starch oodinoflagellate is still found, the drug treatment time can be prolonged by 1-2 days).
In the technical scheme, in the step (5), when the pond wall of the culture water body and the culture pond is subjected to drug prevention/disease removal treatment, the situation of the pomfret needs to be checked at intervals (preferably 10min), so that the situation that the pomfret is dead due to oxygen deficiency is avoided, if a large amount of pomfret begins to turn over and sink is found, the drug treatment is stopped in time, water is changed immediately, and meanwhile, the worker needs to take anti-toxic measures.
Among the above-mentioned technical scheme, in step (5), when the temperature is higher, must control formaldehyde use concentration and medicine treatment number of times according to actual temperature, avoid the secondary damage of formaldehyde to the fish body.
The method has the advantages that: the medicine metering is adjusted according to the water temperature, so that the starch oviparous disease can be effectively prevented and treated, and the damage of formaldehyde to the fish body can be reduced; the formaldehyde treatment can obtain more ideal control effect, the treatment is convenient, and the shedding of the starch oodinoflagellate from the fish body can be accelerated in a short time; compared with the use of heavy metal medicaments such as copper ions and the like, the fish body is prevented from being damaged due to overhigh concentration of metal ions; the pomfret culture pond and the culture mode of tool cleaning and micro-flowing water ensure the cleanness of the pomfret culture environment and effectively improve the survival rate of the pomfret.
Detailed Description
The following examples are provided to illustrate specific embodiments of the present invention.
Example 1:
in 2016, 6 months, in a certain farm in Xiangshan county, Zhejiang province, 6 plants with a volume of 30m are used3The pomfret culture ponds are characterized in that 1000 pomfret are cultured in each culture pond, and the numbers of the culture ponds are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 respectively. The method is used for effectively preventing and treating the pomfret amyloootheca disease and adopts the following prevention and treatment method:
(1) pretreatment of the culture pond: after the conventional disinfection of the culture pond, formaldehyde treatment is carried out to kill potential starch oodinoflagellate bodies, and the treatment method comprises the following steps: uniformly spraying 300ppm of formaldehyde solution on the bottom and the wall of the tank, covering the black film overnight, and then washing the black film with clean seawater.
(2) Managing the aquaculture water body: when the temperature of the culture water body is lower than 22 ℃, changing 60-80% of water once every evening; when the temperature of the culture water body exceeds 22 ℃, 80-100% of water is changed twice every morning and evening; the water level of the culture is generally 90 cm. When water is changed, the water inlet valve is opened when the water level is reduced to 30-40cm, and water is fed and drained at the same time. Closing the drainage valve when the water level is reduced to 20-25cm, and continuously adding water until the water level is full (the water level is adjusted according to the size of the fish body to avoid the fish body from being scratched); after each feeding, the water inlet valve is opened to start flowing water to remove the oil film, and the water inlet flow rate for removing the oil film is adjusted to 10L/min until the ingestion is finished (the water inlet flow rate is adjusted to be in a normal range after the feeding is finished). When the temperature of the culture water body is lower than 22 ℃, the flowing water is adjusted to 5L/min. When the temperature of the aquaculture water body is higher than 22 ℃, due to the fact that the food intake of the pomfret is large, the water body pollution speed is high, and flowing water can be adjusted to 8-10L/min (adjusted according to water temperature and water body cleanliness).
(3) Cleaning a culture environment and culture tools: cleaning the pool bottom and pool walls of the fish culture pool twice in the morning and evening every day, and cleaning the pool bottom and the pool walls by using a brush after a dirt suction device sucks dirt on the whole pool bottom; the culture tool needs to be soaked in fresh water once every other week; when the starch oodinoflagellate infection occurs, the pond culture tool needs to be isolated, and the tool can be used in a mixed way after the drug treatment (200ppm formaldehyde solution is used for drug treatment, the soaking is carried out overnight, then the clean seawater is used for washing and airing).
(3) Checking the fish body: dead pomfret (weak pomfret every 2-5 days if no death occurs, and high temperature period is preferably 2 days) is inspected every day, and amylooome disease is inspected by skin mucus and gill tissue microscopy; generally, when the water temperature is lower than 22 ℃, the life cycle of the starch oodinoflagellate is long, the breeding speed is slow, even the starch oodinoflagellate is not found any more, so that 1-3 starch oodinoflagellates can be observed at the gill part of a silvery pomfret if diseases occur; generally, when the water temperature is higher than 22 ℃, the breeding speed of the starch oodinoflagellate is high, if diseases occur, 3-5 trachinotus ovatus gills can be observed, and if the diseases occur seriously, 20-40 trachinotus ovatus gills can be found. When the temperature of the culture water body exceeds 22 ℃, the high incidence stage of the amylooozobium disease is exactly, the time interval of fish body examination needs to be correspondingly shortened, the mass propagation of the amylooozobium is prevented, and if the death phenomenon of the pomfret does not occur, the examination is preferably carried out once in 2 days.
(4) And (3) drug treatment: stopping feeding a meal before drug treatment; pouring formaldehyde into a watering pot, diluting with seawater, lowering the water level to 35-45cm (adjusted according to the fish body size), uniformly spraying formaldehyde into the culture pond, spraying the formaldehyde onto the pond wall, and stopping spraying after the expected dosage is reached; the soaking time is 1h each time; the oxygen is added to the maximum in the drug treatment process, so that fish is prevented from being killed due to oxygen deficiency; the starch oodinoflagellate can fall off from the fish body in the process of drug treatment, so that water needs to be changed after drug treatment is finished, and the residual formaldehyde is discharged, and the water change amount is 100%:
① when the starch-containing Onychostoma ovii is not detected in the body fluid and gill part of the Pomfret, periodically performing drug prevention treatment on the aquaculture water body and the wall of the aquaculture pond, performing drug treatment once every half month when the temperature of the aquaculture water body is lower than 17 ℃, wherein the dosage of the used drug is 50ppm of formaldehyde, performing drug treatment once a week when the temperature of the aquaculture water body is 17-22 ℃, wherein the dosage of the used drug is 60ppm of formaldehyde, performing drug treatment twice a week when the temperature of the aquaculture water body is 22-30 ℃, wherein the dosage of the used drug is 70ppm of formaldehyde, and performing drug treatment twice a week when the temperature of the aquaculture water body is higher than 30 ℃, wherein the dosage of the used drug is 75ppm of formaldehyde.
② Once the starch Onychostoma is found in the body fluid and gill part of the silver pomfret, the drug treatment is carried out immediately, wherein the dosage of the drug used is 65ppm formaldehyde when the temperature of the aquaculture water body is 17-22 ℃, the treatment time is 3 days, and the treatment is carried out 1 time per 24 hours, the dosage of the drug used is 80ppm formaldehyde when the temperature of the aquaculture water body is 22-30 ℃, the treatment time is 3 days, and the treatment is carried out 1 time per 24 hours, and the dosage of the drug used is 90ppm formaldehyde when the temperature of the aquaculture water body is higher than 30 ℃, the treatment time is 3 days, and the treatment is carried out 1 time per 24 hours.
In the process of drug treatment, the situation of pomfret needs to be checked every 10min to avoid death due to oxygen deficiency. If a large amount of silvery pomfret begins to turn over and sink, the treatment is stopped in time, and water is changed immediately. Meanwhile, the worker needs to take anti-virus measures. After the treatment is finished, microscopic examination of gill part and body fluid needs to be carried out on 3-5 dead fishes or silvery pomfret with poor state, and complete removal of the starch-egg dinoflagellate is ensured.
The prevention and treatment effect is as follows:
when the culture water temperature is lower than 22 ℃, no starch-caused Olympic disease is found. When the cultivation water temperature is 22-30 ℃, the starch oodinoflagellate disease is found in the No. 1 and No. 2 cultivation ponds for 2 times, the starch oodinoflagellate disease is found in the No. 3 and No. 5 cultivation ponds for 1 time, the starch oodinoflagellate disease is not found in the No. 4 and No. 6 cultivation ponds, and the number of the starch oodinoflagellate is 1-3 on a single gill part. When the culture water temperature is higher than 30 ℃, the 1 st culture pond discovers the starch oodinoflagellate disease for 3 times, the 3, 4 and 5 th culture pond discovers the starch oodinoflagellate disease for 2 times, the 2 and 6 th culture pond discovers the starch oodinoflagellate disease for 1 time, the number of the starch oodinoflagellate is basically 3-5 on a single gill part, but the 1 st pond has no dead fish body within two weeks, the checking frequency is low, when the starch oodinoflagellate disease is discovered, the number of the starch oodinoflagellate is found to be 20-40 on the single gill part, but a large number of death situations of silvery pomfret do not occur, the drug treatment is immediately carried out, 1-3 starch oodinoflagellate are still found after 3 days, the drug treatment is carried out for 2 days after the treatment is stopped for one day to relieve the formaldehyde damage, and the starch oodinoflagellate is. And counting the number of silvery pomfret in 6 culture ponds by 11 months in the same year, wherein the survival rate of the silvery pomfret reaches 76.67 +/-6.02%.
Example 2:
also, in example 1, 6 of the farms in Xiangshan county, Zhejiang province were 30m in volume3The pomfret culture ponds are characterized in that 1000 pomfret are cultured in each culture pond, and the numbers of the culture ponds are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 respectively.
In 2019, in 5 months, the water temperature is 24 ℃ on a certain day. The 1, 2, 3 and 5 ponds find the amylodinoflagellate disease on the day, and the single gill respectively finds 2, 3, 5 and 10 granules of the amylodinoflagellate. Immediately isolating by using a culture tool and carrying out drug treatment (carrying out drug treatment by using 200ppm of formaldehyde solution, soaking overnight, then washing by using clean seawater, and airing to use the tool in a mixed way); immediately carrying out emergency drug treatment on the bottom and the wall of the pool, treating for 1h by using 80ppm formaldehyde, simultaneously observing once every 10min by a worker, and changing water after finishing the operation, wherein the water changing amount is 100%. The dead fish are observed the next day, and the presence of starch-egg dinoflagellate on the gills is not seen.
The experimental fish: the infection of the silvery pomfret in pond No. 5 with the starch Oodinium was confirmed by gill tissue microscopy, and 600 silvery pomfret was taken from the pond.
Experiment design: divided into four groups, each group was a blank control group (no drug treatment); experiment group I (once treatment for 1 day, once treatment for 1h, 40ppm, water change after finishing, water change amount is 100%, and fish condition is observed every 15 min); experiment group II (once treatment for 1 day, once treatment for 1h, 80ppm, water change after the end, water change amount is 100%, and fish condition is observed every 15 min); experiment group III (treatment once every 1 day, treatment for 1h, 120ppm, water change after finishing, water change amount of 100%, fish condition observation every 15 min). Each group was repeated in three groups, and the experiment was performed in 12 black barrels of 500L, with 50 silvery pomfret placed randomly in each barrel. And 3d was observed continuously. The oxygen in the bucket is filled to the maximum, and the dissolved oxygen in the water body is 7 mg/L.
And (3) analysis indexes: and (4) counting the death amount within three days after the drug treatment, and calculating the death rate. 3 fish were randomly selected for each replicate group for gill microscopy, and the number of single gill starch oodinoflagellates was counted within three days after drug treatment.
And (3) data analysis: single factor anova was performed using SPSS19.0 software, with P <0.05 as a significant difference, marked as a, b, c, d.
The experimental results are as follows: table 1 shows the mortality and total mortality within three days after each group of drug treatments. As can be seen from table 1, the mortality rate after treatment was lowest in experimental group II.
Table 1 mortality after treatment (%)
| Control group | Experimental group I | Experimental group II | Experimental group III | |
| 1d (death/tail) | 3.33±1.15 | 2±1.00 | 1.67±0.58 | 15.33±1.52* |
| 2d (death/tail) | 8.33±1.52a | 3.67±1.52b | 0.33±0.58c | 2.67±0.58b |
| 3d (death/tail) | 19.67±2.08a | 8.33±1.53b | 0c | 0c |
| Total mortality (%) | 0.62±0.08a | 0.28±0.7b | 0.07±0c | 0.36±0.04b |
Indicates that the values were significantly lower than those of the other groups (P < 0.05). P <0.05 is a significant difference, marked as a, b, c.
Table 2 shows the amount of the alphadinoflagellates on a single gill, as observed and counted by gill microscopy within three days after treatment of each group of drugs. The effect of accelerating the shedding of the starch-egg dinoflagellate is better when the treatment concentrations of the experiment groups II and III are treated.
TABLE 2 number of starch-oodinoflagellates on single gills by microscopic examination within three days after the treatment of each group of drugs
| Control group | Experimental group I | Experimental group II | Experimental group III | |
| 1d | 10±2.00a | 6±1.00b | 3±1.00c | 2.67±1.15c |
| 2d | 19±3.61a | 6.33±1.15b | 1±1.00c | 0.33±0.58c |
| 3d | 33.33±4.04a | 7±1.00a | 0b | 0b |
Indicates that the values were significantly lower than those of the other groups (P < 0.05). P <0.05 is a significant difference, marked as a, b, c.
a, b and c indicate that significant differences exist among the groups.
Unit: granular/single-plate gill
And (4) conclusion: the experimental analysis shows that the medication method of the experimental group II is the most ideal for the prevention and treatment effect of the pomfret starch dinoflagellate.
Example 3:
also, in example 1, 6 of the farms in Xiangshan county, Zhejiang province were 30m in volume3The pomfret culture ponds are characterized in that 1000 pomfret are cultured in each culture pond, and the numbers of the culture ponds are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 respectively.
In 8 months in 2019, the water temperature is 31 ℃ on a certain day. The single gill of the starch Onychostoma algae found in ponds 1, 3, 4 and 5 on the day is 5, 7, 4 and 6 grains respectively. No. 6 found no worm. No. 2 fish did not die in two weeks, the number of examination times is small, and 31 fish were seen on the single gill under microscopic examination on the day. Immediately isolating by using a culture tool and carrying out drug treatment (carrying out drug treatment by using 200ppm of formaldehyde solution, soaking overnight, then washing by using clean seawater, and airing to use the tool in a mixed way); immediately carrying out emergency drug treatment on the bottom and the wall of the pool, treating for 1h by using 90ppm formaldehyde, simultaneously observing once every 10min by a worker, and changing water after finishing the operation, wherein the water changing amount is 100%. The following microscopic examination shows that the starch oodinoflagellate exists on the gills at 1, 3, 4 and 5. No. 6 pool still has 2 granules, after stopping treatment for one day to relieve formaldehyde damage, the second drug treatment (90ppm) is carried out, and microscopic examination is carried out the next day without starch oodinoflagellate.
The experimental fish: the infection of the pond silvery pomfret No. 6 with the starch Oodinium was confirmed by gill tissue microscopy, and 600 silvery pomfret was taken from the pond.
Experiment design: divided into four groups, each group was a blank control group (no drug treatment); experiment group I (1 treatment 1 time in 1 day, 1 hour treatment once, 60ppm, water change after the end, 100% water change tail, and fish condition observation every 15 min); experiment group II (once treatment for 1 day, once treatment for 1h, 90ppm, water change after the end, 100% water change, fish condition observation every 15 min); experiment group III (treatment once every 1 day, treatment for 1h and 120ppm, water change after the end, water change amount tail 100%, and fish condition observation once every 15 min); each group was repeated in three groups, and the experiment was performed in 12 black barrels of 500L, with 50 silvery pomfret placed randomly in each barrel. And 3d was observed continuously. The oxygen in the bucket is filled to the maximum, and the dissolved oxygen in the water body is 7 mg/L.
And (3) analysis indexes: and (4) counting the death amount within three days after the drug treatment, and calculating the death rate. 3 fish were randomly selected for each replicate group for gill microscopy, and the number of single gill starch oodinoflagellates was counted within three days after drug treatment.
And (3) data analysis: single factor anova was performed using SPSS19.0 software, with P <0.05 as a significant difference, marked as a, b, c, d.
The experimental results are as follows: table 3 shows the mortality and total mortality within three days after each group of drug treatments. As can be seen from table 3, the mortality rate after treatment was lowest in experimental group II.
Table 3 mortality after treatment (%)
P <0.05 is a significant difference, marked as a, b, c.
Table 4 shows the amount of the starch-oodinoflagellate on a single gill as observed and counted by gill microscopy within three days after treatment of each group of drugs. The effect of accelerating the shedding of the starch-egg dinoflagellate is better when the treatment concentrations of the experiment groups II and III are treated.
TABLE 4 number of starch-oodinoflagellates on single gills by microscopic examination within three days after the treatment of each group of drugs
| Control group | Experimental group I | Experimental group II | Experimental group III | |
| 1d | 29.33±4.04a | 18.00±1.00b | 9.33±1.53c | 8.33±0.58c |
| 2d | 40.00±1.00a | 17.33±2.51b | 6.33±1.53c | 6.33±1.15c |
| 3d | 50.00±1.00a | 24.00±3.61b | 0c | 0c |
a. b and c represent that the groups have significant difference.
Unit: granular/single-plate gill
And (4) conclusion: the experimental analysis shows that the medication method of the experimental group II is the most ideal for the prevention and treatment effect of the pomfret starch dinoflagellate.
From the above, the efficient control method of the invention can monitor the disease of the starch ootheca, basically control the disease in the prophase of the disease, and at the moment, the shedding of the starch ootheca can be accelerated easily through the drug treatment. The medicine metering is adjusted according to the water temperature, so that the starch oviparous disease can be effectively prevented and treated, and the secondary damage of formaldehyde to the fish body can be reduced; the formaldehyde treatment can obtain more ideal control effect, the treatment is convenient, and the shedding of the starch oodinoflagellate from the fish body can be accelerated in a short time; compared with the use of heavy metal medicaments such as copper ions and the like, the fish body is prevented from being damaged due to overhigh concentration of metal ions; the pomfret culture pond and the culture mode of tool cleaning and micro-flowing water ensure the cleanness of the pomfret culture environment and effectively improve the survival rate of the pomfret.
The above examples are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for efficiently preventing and treating pomfret amyloidomycosis comprises the steps of management of a culture water body, cleaning of a culture environment and culture tools, fish body inspection and drug treatment, and is characterized by comprising the following specific operations:
(1) pretreatment of the culture pond: after the conventional disinfection of the culture pond, formaldehyde treatment is carried out to kill potential starch oodinoflagellate bodies, and the treatment method comprises the following steps: uniformly spraying 200-400 ppm of formaldehyde solution on the bottom and the wall of the tank, covering the black film overnight, and then washing the black film with clean seawater;
(2) managing the aquaculture water body: in the culture process, micro-flow operation is adopted, namely, water inlet and outlet bodies with flow rate of 5-10L/min are always kept in the culture pond; when the temperature of the aquaculture water body is lower than 22 ℃, water is changed for 60-80% once a day, and when the temperature of the aquaculture water body exceeds 22 ℃, water is changed for 80-100% twice a day;
(3) cleaning a culture environment and culture tools: cleaning the bottom and the wall of the culture pond twice in the morning and evening every day, and cleaning the bottom and the wall of the culture pond by using a brush after a dirt suction device sucks dirt on the whole bottom of the culture pond; soaking the culture tool in fresh water every other week; when the starch oodinoflagellate infection occurs, the culture tools in the pond are isolated, the formaldehyde solution with the concentration of 150 plus 200ppm is used for drug treatment, the pond is soaked overnight and then washed clean by clean seawater, and the tools can be used in a mixing way after being dried;
(4) checking the fish body: if the death phenomenon of the pomfret does not occur, the pomfret with weak constitution is checked every 2-5 days, and if the death phenomenon of the pomfret occurs, the dead pomfret is checked every day; examining the situation of amylooococcosis by performing microscopic examination on skin mucus and gill tissues of pomfret;
(5) and (3) drug treatment: when the body fluid and gill part of the pomfret can not detect the starch oodinoflagellate, periodically performing drug prevention treatment on the culture water body and the wall of the culture pond, wherein the used drug is formaldehyde, and the dosage of the formaldehyde is 50-80 ppm; when the starchy oodinium is detected in the body fluid and gill part of the pomfret, periodically performing drug disease removal treatment on the culture water body and the wall of a culture pond, wherein the used drug is formaldehyde, and the dosage of the formaldehyde is 60-100 ppm; during the process of drug prevention/disease removal treatment, the oxygen is added to the maximum to prevent fish from being killed due to oxygen deficiency, and after the treatment is finished, the water is changed to discharge the residual formaldehyde, wherein the water change amount is 100%.
2. The efficient control method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the step (1), the concentration of the formaldehyde solution is 300 ppm; in the step (3), when the starch oodinoflagellate infection occurs, the culture tool is subjected to drug treatment by using 200ppm formaldehyde solution.
3. The efficient control method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), when water is changed, the water discharge valve is opened to discharge water, and when the water level is reduced to 30-40cm, the water inlet valve is opened to simultaneously supply water and discharge water; and when the water level is reduced to 20-25cm, closing the drainage valve, and continuously feeding water until the culture pond is filled.
4. The high-efficiency control method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step (2): when the micro-flow operation is adopted, the culture pond always keeps water inlet and outlet with the flow rate of 5-10L/min, after each feeding, the flow rate is increased to 10L/min, and an oil film is removed to keep the water quality fresh.
5. The efficient control method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), when the temperature of the aquaculture water body is lower than 22 ℃, 1-3 pieces of starch-dinoflagellate are observed at the gill part of silvery pomfret if diseases occur; when the temperature of the culture water body is higher than 22 ℃, if diseases occur, 3-5 pieces of starch-egg dinoflagellates can be observed at the gill part of a silvery pomfret, and 20-40 pieces of starch-egg dinoflagellates can be found when the diseases are serious.
6. The method for effectively preventing and treating the trachinotus ovatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (4), when the temperature of the culture water body exceeds 22 ℃, the stage is a high-incidence stage of the trachinotus ovatus, the time interval of fish body inspection needs to be correspondingly shortened, the large-scale propagation of the trachinotus ovatus is prevented, and if the death phenomenon of the trachinotus ovatus does not occur, the inspection is carried out once in 2 days.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), during the drug prevention/disease removal treatment, feeding of the front pomfret is stopped for one meal each time, formaldehyde is poured into a watering pot and diluted with seawater, after the water level of the culture water body is reduced to 35-45cm, formaldehyde is uniformly sprayed into the culture pond and the pond wall, the spraying is stopped after the preset formaldehyde dosage is reached, and the treatment is performed for 1-2 hours each time.
8. The method for controlling the disease according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), when the starchy ootheca is not detected in the body fluid and the gill part of the pomfret, the culture water body and the wall of the culture pond are periodically treated by the drug prevention treatment: when the temperature of the aquaculture water body is lower than 17 ℃, performing formaldehyde treatment every half month, wherein the formaldehyde is measured to be 50ppm, and treating for 1-2h each time; when the temperature of the aquaculture water body is 17-22 ℃, formaldehyde treatment is carried out once a week, the formaldehyde is measured to be 50-60ppm, and each treatment lasts for 1-2 hours; when the temperature of the aquaculture water body is 22-30 ℃, formaldehyde treatment is carried out twice a week, the formaldehyde is measured to be 60-70ppm, and each treatment lasts for 1-2 hours; when the temperature of the aquaculture water body is higher than 30 ℃, formaldehyde treatment is carried out twice a week, wherein the formaldehyde is 70-80ppm in terms of formaldehyde, and each treatment lasts for 1-2 hours.
9. The method for controlling the disease according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), when the starchy ootheca is detected in the body fluid and the gill part of the pomfret, the culture water body and the wall of the culture pond are periodically subjected to drug disease removal treatment: when the temperature of the aquaculture water body is 17-22 ℃, the formaldehyde is measured to be 60-70ppm, and the treatment is carried out once every 24 hours for 1-2 hours for 2-4 days; when the temperature of the aquaculture water body is 22-30 ℃, the formaldehyde is measured to be 70-80ppm, and the treatment is carried out once every 24 hours for 1-2 hours for 2-4 days; when the temperature of the aquaculture water body is higher than 30 ℃, the formaldehyde is measured to be 80-100ppm, the treatment is carried out once every 24 hours, the treatment is carried out for 1-2 hours each time, and the drug treatment time is 2-4 days.
10. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), during the drug prevention/disease removal treatment of the aquaculture water body and the wall of the aquaculture pond, the situation of the pomfret is checked every 10min to avoid death due to oxygen deficiency, if a large amount of pomfret begins to roll over and sink, the drug treatment is stopped in time, water is changed immediately, and meanwhile, the worker needs to take anti-toxic measures.
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