CN110881389B - Drought-resistant sugarcane powder ridge cultivation and planting method - Google Patents
Drought-resistant sugarcane powder ridge cultivation and planting method Download PDFInfo
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- 240000000111 Saccharum officinarum Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 235000007201 Saccharum officinarum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000209051 Saccharum Species 0.000 claims 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 12
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
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- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/55—Sugar cane
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
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Abstract
A drought-resistant sugarcane powder ridge cultivation planting method comprises the following planting steps: (1) preparing the land according to an alternate cultivation mode of loosening soil in narrow-row powder ridges and no-tillage in wide rows; the width of the narrow row is 0.8-1 m, and the loosening depth of the powder ridges is 50-60 cm; the width of the wide row is 1.5-2.0 meters; (2) planting two ridges of sugarcane in narrow rows according to the multiple-bud segments or the single-row single-bud segments, and ensuring that each ridge has 8-10 sugarcane buds per meter; applying base fertilizer before soil preparation or seeding; covering the soil back after seeding, wherein the thickness of the soil back covered is 3-5 cm, and covering a mulching film as required; (3) carrying out intertillage, ridging and fertilizing according to the traditional agricultural requirements, and shoveling, turning over and burying weeds in wide rows or weeding by a weeding machine in intertillage; (4) harvesting according to conventional technical means or mechanically harvesting, and spraying pesticide in time according to the information of diseases and pests for prevention and treatment. The method adopts an alternate mode of 'U' -shaped loosening of soil in narrow-row powder ridges and no tillage in wide rows, reduces disturbance of the soil surface of the cultivated land, establishes a planting and fallow cultivation area, and ensures that the sugarcane is more drought-enduring.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop planting, in particular to a drought-resistant sugarcane powder ridge-cultivation planting method.
Background
Sugarcane, (academic name:Saccharum officinarum) Saccharum officinarum, a large and solid herb growing for many years. The root is strong and developed. The height of the stalk is 3-6 m. Taiwan, Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan and other tropical areas in south China. The sugarcane is suitable for being planted in places with fertile soil, sufficient sunlight and large temperature difference in winter and summer. Sugar cane is a temperate and tropical crop, a raw material for sucrose production, and ethanol can be extracted as an energy substitute. Sugarcane is an important sugar crop in China and is a main source of sugar, and green development and sustainable high-yield planting of the sugar crop sugarcane are important guarantees of national sugar safety. Internationally, the high-yield and high-sugar planting technology of the sugarcane is mainly researched and applied in two aspects, namely, the production technology of modern equipment of the sugarcane, such as agricultural mechanization technology and irrigation technology; and secondly, new high-yield high-sugar efficient planting technologies of sugarcane, such as no-tillage direct seeding technology, formulated fertilization and the like. At present, sugarcane mechanization technology is widely applied in developed countries such as the United states, Australia, Brazil and the like, and whole-process mechanization is realized in the sugarcane farming, planting, managing and harvesting processes, so that the labor production benefit is greatly improved, and the production cost of the sugarcane is reduced.
China belongs to the great sugar cane planting and sugar producing countries, the annual output is in the third place in the world, the area of the sugar cane in the dry land exceeds more than 80 percent of the total planting area at present, but the sugar cane cultivation management and irrigation technology in China is too laggard; sugarcane yield per unit is far below the world average for the environmental impact of drought in recent years. For the sugarcane without irrigation condition, how to improve the situation is very important. Sugarcane belongs to crops with large water demand, water has important influence on the yield of the sugarcane, and certain water is needed in the germination stage, the tillering stage and the growing stage during the growing period.
The inventor of the inventor, Wibenhui, of an institute of economic crops of Guangxi academy of agricultural sciences, is always dedicated to research on methods of high-yield, water storage and soil moisture conservation and water and soil conservation cultivation, independently develops a novel method of ridge farming, increases the yield by 10-30% compared with the traditional cultivation in 8 crops of Liaoning, Gansu, Hunan and the like, is identified as a provincial achievement by academists and the like, and is considered as original originality. The ridge cultivation technique of the invention has the obvious characteristics of efficiently utilizing natural resources such as water, nutrients, photo-heat and the like, has obvious yield increasing effect, is an innovative modern agricultural mode, and not only is provided by Webengliang researchers: the new theory of the 'powder ridge increment effect' of the incremental utilization of natural resources such as soil, moisture, light energy and the like and the new theory of the efficient cultivation of crops such as 'root-based', 'balanced nutrition supply', 'deep root resisting drought and cold and strong aftereffect', and the like. At present, the ridge smashing technology is granted by multiple patents, and webster researchers further improve and expand the existing ridge smashing technology, and in the popularization process, the sugarcane is planted after deep ploughing and ridge smashing, so that the drought resistance of the sugarcane can be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a drought-resistant sugarcane powder ridge cultivation and planting method; the method adopts an alternate mode of 'U' -shaped loosening of soil in narrow-row powder ridges and no-tillage in wide rows, reduces the disturbance of the soil surface of the cultivated land, establishes a planting and fallow cultivation area, forms a good 'U' -shaped cultivated land reservoir in the narrow-row cultivation part, and drops the local limited natural rainfall into a crop planting and growing area in a 'two-in-one' manner to supply enough water resources for crops; the fallow area can grow various weeds naturally, biological diversity is increased, the harm to diseases and pests of crops can be reduced, the application amount of pesticides is reduced, the pollution of chemicals is purified gradually, and the land fertility recovery of cultivated land is promoted.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a drought-resistant sugarcane powder ridge-cultivation planting method comprises the following planting steps:
(1) preparing the land according to an alternate cultivation mode of loosening soil in narrow-row powder ridges and no-tillage in wide rows; the narrow row width is 0.8-1 meter, the ridge loosening depth is 50-60 cm, and the narrow row ridge loosening is U-shaped, so that water gathering and water storage are facilitated; the width of the wide row is 1.5-2.0 meters.
(2) Planting two rows of sugarcanes in the narrow row according to the multiple-bud section or the single-row single-bud section, and ensuring that each ridge has 8-10 sugarcane buds per meter; applying base fertilizer before soil preparation or seeding; covering the broken soil after seeding, wherein the thickness of the covered broken soil is 3-5 cm, and covering a mulching film as required. The base fertilizer is a chemical fertilizer of decomposed farmyard manure or 'gold from sugarcane' produced by Guangxi rural Biochemical GmbH, wherein the farmyard manure is 500-800 kg per mu, and the chemical fertilizer of the 'gold from sugarcane' is 30-40 kg per mu. When the decomposed farmyard manure is applied, the manure needs to be applied before soil preparation, and is uniformly applied to a narrow row ridge soil loosening area, and then ridge soil loosening is performed. When the 'sugarcane gold-obtaining' product medical fertilizer produced by Guangxi rural biochemical limited is applied, the fertilizer is applied before soil preparation or sowing, and the fertilizer is uniformly applied to a narrow-row ridge loosening soil area and then is subjected to ridge loosening before soil preparation; the fertilization before seeding is to evenly apply the pesticide and fertilizer of the product to the position to be seeded.
(3) Carrying out intertillage, ridging and fertilizing according to the traditional agricultural requirements, and shoveling, turning over and burying weeds in wide rows or weeding by a weeding machine in intertillage; the intertillage ridging fertilization is a chemical fertilizer of a 'sugarcane gold' product produced by Guangxi rural Biochemical GmbH, 40-50 kilograms per mu. The intertillage hilling is to turn over and pile up partial soil of the wide rows close to the narrow row sides to the sugarcane ridge sides, so that the wide row sides are inclined downwards to the narrow rows, and the wide row rainwater is conveniently guided to the narrow rows; rainwater forming wide rows and narrow rows are stored in the narrow rows and fall to the crop planting growing area in a 'two-in-one' manner to supply sufficient water resources for the sugarcane. Weeding is only carried out in the intertillage hilling process, and weeding is not needed in the rest time.
(4) Harvesting according to conventional technical means or mechanically harvesting, and spraying pesticide in time according to the information of diseases and pests for prevention and treatment. By adopting a narrow-row U-shaped soil loosening and wide-row no-tillage seed and fallow alternating mode, various weeds can naturally grow in a fallow area, the biological diversity is increased, the pest and disease damage to crops can be reduced, the pesticide application amount is reduced, and the pesticide is rarely sprayed to prevent and control pests.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method adopts an alternate mode of 'U' -shaped loosening of narrow-row powder ridges and no-tillage of wide rows, the ultra-deep tillage and deep loosening of the narrow rows are realized, the loosening of the wide rows is avoided, the disturbance of the soil surface of the cultivated land is reduced, a planting and fallow cultivation area is established, a good 'U' -shaped cultivated land reservoir is formed at the narrow-row cultivation part, the local limited natural rainfall falls into a crop planting and growing area in a 'two-in-one' manner, sufficient water resource is supplied for crops, and the crops can grow normally without being influenced by drought and climate during the growth period.
2. Because the narrow row is subjected to ultra-deep ploughing and deep scarification, the root system of the crop is deeply pricked by dozens of centimeters or even deeper, and the root system is in the deep soil region and is not influenced by external high temperature and low temperature.
3. The alternate mode of 'U' -shaped loosening soil of narrow-row powder ridges and no-tillage of wide rows is adopted, the light transmittance is good, the sugarcane tillers are more, tillered seedlings grow into effective stems, the stem forming rate is high, the plant diseases and insect pests are less, and the fertilizer is only applied in the narrow rows, so that the application amount of pesticides is reduced, and the pollution of chemicals is gradually purified.
4. The method adopts an alternate mode of 'U' -shaped loosening of the narrow rows and no-tillage of the wide rows, the U-shaped loosening of the powder ridges and the narrow rows are used for planting 2 rows of sugarcanes, the fertilizer and water are concentrated, the tillering and stem forming rate is high, the advantages of the side rows are achieved, the no-tillage rows are large, the ventilation and lodging resistance are strong, the mechanical concentrated harvesting is facilitated, and the grinding damage of mechanical harvesting to the perennial root sugarcanes is reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an alternate mode of narrow-row pulverizing ridge 'U' -shaped loosening and wide-row no-tillage.
Detailed Description
To describe the technology of the present application in more detail, the technology of the present application is further described below with reference to examples.
Example 1
In 2019, 2, 17, the research and development team implements the method in Guangxi Nanning Longan county, and the planting steps are as follows:
(1) preparing the land according to an alternate cultivation mode of loosening soil in narrow-row powder ridges and no-tillage in wide rows; the narrow row width is about 0.9 m, and the ridge loosening depth is about 55 cm; the width of the wide row is about 1.8 meters.
(2) Two rows of sugarcanes are planted in the narrow row according to a single row and a single bud section, and 8-10 sugarcane buds are ensured to be arranged in each ridge per meter; applying a base fertilizer before seeding, wherein the base fertilizer is a chemical fertilizer of a 'sugarcane gold' product produced by Guangxi rural biochemical limited company, and the chemical fertilizer is about 35 kilograms per mu; and covering and crushing the seeds after seeding, wherein the thickness of the covering and crushing soil is about 3 cm.
(3) Intertillage, ridging and fertilizing are carried out according to the traditional agricultural requirements, and weeds in wide rows are buried along the strip during intertillage; turning and hilling the soil of the part of the wide rows close to the narrow row side to the sugarcane ridge side, and enabling the wide row side to incline downwards towards the narrow rows, so that the wide rows of rainwater can be conveniently guided to the narrow rows; the intertillage ridging fertilization is a pesticide fertilizer which is a product of 'sugarcane gold' produced by Guangxi rural Biochemical GmbH, and the pesticide fertilizer is about 45 kilograms per mu.
(4) 8.2 tons of the pesticide are harvested in 12 and 25 months in 2019 by a conventional technical means, and the pesticide does not need to be sprayed in the period.
The planting method is compared with the traditional wide-narrow row ridge smashing planting method (seeding on adjacent plots, harvesting on the same day and harvesting on the same day), and the data is recorded as follows.
The above description is not intended to limit the present application, and the present application is not limited to the above examples, and those skilled in the art should understand that they can make various changes, modifications, additions or substitutions within the spirit and scope of the present application.
Claims (1)
1. A powder ridge tillage planting method with high sugarcane tillering and stem forming rate is characterized in that: the alternating mode of narrow-row powder ridge 'U' -shaped loose soil and wide-row no-tillage is adopted, the disturbed farmland soil surface is reduced, a planting and fallow cultivation area is established, a narrow-row cultivation part forms a good 'U' -shaped farmland reservoir, the local limited natural rainfall falls into a crop planting growth area in a mode of 'two-in-one' to supply enough water resources for crops; the fallow area can grow various weeds naturally, biological diversity is increased, the harm to diseases and pests of crops can be reduced, the application amount of pesticides is reduced, the pollution of chemicals is purified step by step, and the land fertility recovery of cultivated land is promoted; the planting steps are as follows:
(1) preparing the land according to an alternate cultivation mode of loosening soil in narrow-row powder ridges and no-tillage in wide rows; the width of the narrow row is 0.8-1 m, and the loosening depth of the powder ridges is 50-60 cm; the width of the wide row is 1.5-2.0 meters;
(2) planting two rows of sugarcanes in the narrow row according to the multiple-bud section or the single-row single-bud section, and ensuring that each ridge has 8-10 sugarcane buds per meter; applying base fertilizer before soil preparation, wherein the base fertilizer is a 'gold Saccharum sinensis Roxb' product pesticide fertilizer produced by Guangxi rural Biochemical Co., Ltd, and 30-40 kg of the 'gold Saccharum sinensis Roxb' product pesticide fertilizer is uniformly applied to a narrow-row ridge loosening soil area per mu and then is loosened in ridges; covering the soil back after seeding, wherein the thickness of the soil back covered is 3-5 cm, and covering a mulching film as required;
(3) intertillage, ridging and fertilizing are carried out according to the traditional agricultural requirements, the intertillage, ridging and fertilizing are carried out by using a' sugarcane gold-obtaining product pesticide fertilizer produced by Guangxi rural biochemical corporation, 40-50 kg per mu, part of soil on the wide row side close to the narrow row side is turned over and piled up to the sugarcane ridge side, the wide row side is inclined downwards towards the narrow row, and the rainwater on the wide row side is conveniently guided to the narrow row; the rainwater forming wide rows and narrow rows is stored in the narrow rows and falls to a crop planting growth area in a mode of combining two rows into one row, enough water resources are supplied for the sugarcane, the fertilizer water is concentrated, the tillering and stem forming rate is high, the advantages of side rows are achieved, the no-tillage row is large, the ventilation and lodging resistance are strong, mechanical concentrated harvesting is facilitated, and the grinding damage of mechanical harvesting on the perennial root sugarcane is reduced; weeding is carried out in the wide rows along the strip in intertillage, the weeds in the wide rows are shoveled and buried or a weeding machine is used for weeding, weeding is carried out only along the strip in intertillage hilling, and weeding is not needed in the rest of time;
(4) harvesting according to conventional technical means or mechanically harvesting, and spraying pesticide in time according to the information of diseases and pests for prevention and treatment.
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| CN114680010A (en) * | 2022-05-18 | 2022-07-01 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | High-yield planting method for sugar cane in red soil area and with consideration of soil carbon sequestration and emission reduction |
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