CN110800873A - Yak fermented feed and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Yak fermented feed and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110800873A CN110800873A CN201911207561.8A CN201911207561A CN110800873A CN 110800873 A CN110800873 A CN 110800873A CN 201911207561 A CN201911207561 A CN 201911207561A CN 110800873 A CN110800873 A CN 110800873A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
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Abstract
The invention discloses a yak fermented feed and a preparation method thereof, wherein the yak fermented feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 15-25 parts of wild cherries, 10-20 parts of highland barley, 5-15 parts of wheat bran, 2-6 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 1-3 parts of urea and 0.5-1.5 parts of microbial fermentation material. During fermentation, the highland barley, the wheat bran and the astragalus are firstly crushed, and the powder is added into the wild cherry and stirred uniformly to obtain a fermentation medium; then adding the microbial fermentation material into a fermentation medium, and adding water to control the water content of the mixture to be 15-25%; and fermenting the mixture at 30-40 ℃ for 4-6 days, adding urea, and continuing to perform closed fermentation for 2-4 days to obtain the fermented feed. The fermented feed obtained by the method has good taste and high nutrient content, can effectively relieve the problem of feed shortage in plateau areas in winter, can reduce the morbidity of yaks in winter, and ensures the economic benefit of breeders.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a feed, and in particular relates to a yak fermented feed and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The natural conditions in high and cold pasturing areas are severe, the pasture growing season is short, the vicious circle of full livestock in summer, fatness in autumn, thinness in winter and death in spring is often formed, and the production development of the animal husbandry is severely restricted. Moreover, due to excessive grazing in a pasturing area, a pasture is seriously degraded and the supplementary feed for winter and spring is not provided, so that the search for new feed for relieving the pressure of the pasture is reluctant.
The wild cherry belongs to a rosaceous deciduous tree, the color of the cherry is bright red when the cherry is mature, the cherry is exquisite and transparent, the cherry is delicious and delicate in shape, the cherry is rich in nutrition, 8.1g of sugar, 1.3g of protein, 6.1mg of calcium and 30mg of phosphorus are contained in each 100g of fresh fruits, the iron content of the cherry reaches 6.2mg and is more than 20 times as high as that of apples, oranges and pears, and the content of vitamin A is 4-5 times as high as that of grapes, apples and oranges. The wild cherry is rich in various nutrient substances, but the mature period of the wild cherry is short, and if the wild cherry cannot be effectively treated in a short time, the wild cherry is easy to rot, and further the waste is caused. The report of preparing wild cherries into feed by a fermentation method is not seen in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to prepare wild cherries into fermented feed suitable for livestock such as yaks by a fermentation method so as to solve the problem of feed shortage in the plateau area in winter.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the yak fermented feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 15-25 parts of wild cherries, 10-20 parts of highland barley, 5-15 parts of wheat bran, 5-15 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 1-3 parts of urea and 0.5-1.5 parts of microbial fermentation material; the microbial fermentation material comprises 3-6 wt% of bacillus subtilis, 4-8 wt% of yeast, 2-4 wt% of enterococcus faecalis and the balance of weed ash.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention can be further improved as follows.
Further, the feed comprises 20 parts of wild cherries, 15 parts of highland barley, 10 parts of wheat bran, 10 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 2 parts of urea and 1 part of microbial fermentation material.
Further, the microbial fermentation material comprises 5 wt% of bacillus subtilis, 6 wt% of yeast and 3 wt% of enterococcus faecalis, and the balance is weed ash.
Furthermore, the fermented feed is also added with preservative which accounts for 0.5 to 1 percent of the total mass of the feed.
The fermented feed disclosed by the invention selects the wild cherries as main fermentation raw materials, so that the rotting and waste of the wild cherries can be avoided, the wild cherries contain various nutrient substances, sufficient nutrition can be provided for yaks, the taste of the wild cherries is good, the problem of poor taste of the conventional fermented feed can be solved, and the wild cherries are more easily accepted by the yaks.
The fermentation raw materials also comprise highland barley and wheat bran, the highland barley is a main crop in plateau areas, the raw materials are easy to obtain, the trouble of transportation is reduced, and the economic benefit is high. And the highland barley and wheat bran not only contain a large amount of protein and carbohydrate, but also contain more substances such as vitamins and retinol, and the like, and in the fermentation process, the substances interact with nutrient substances in the wild cherry, particularly metal ions, so that the effective ingredients are firmly locked, and the nutritional value of the fermented feed is obviously improved.
The fermentation raw materials also comprise astragalus, and the astragalus has the effects of enhancing the immune function of organisms and resisting bacteria, can improve the disease resistance of yaks, and obviously improves the survival rate of the yaks in winter. In addition, the fermentation raw material also comprises urea, and the fermented feed can increase the source of the bacterial protein synthesized by the livestock and ensure the nutrition supply of the feed. In addition, the fermentation material disclosed by the invention also comprises weed ash besides various beneficial bacteria, wherein the weed ash can be plant ash obtained after burning plateau weeds and can also be plant ash obtained after burning highland barley straws, and the weed ash is alkaline and mainly used as a bonding agent of the feed, so that the fermented feed is blocky and is convenient to transport and put in.
The fermented feed is prepared by the following steps:
s1: crushing highland barley, wheat bran and astragalus according to the formula ratio, sieving the crushed highland barley, wheat bran and astragalus through a sieve of 60-80 meshes, and adding the powder into the wild cherry for uniformly stirring to obtain a fermentation medium;
s2: respectively adding water into bacillus subtilis, saccharomycetes and enterococcus faecalis according to a feed-liquid ratio of 1g:100mL for activation for 0.5h, then adding the activated thalli into weed ash according to a formula amount, and uniformly stirring to obtain a microbial fermentation material;
s3: adding the fermentation material into a fermentation medium, adding clear water, uniformly stirring to enable the water content of the mixture to be within the range of 15% -25%, then transferring the mixture into a fermentation tank, covering a film, fermenting for 4-6 days at 30-40 ℃, and turning and throwing once every other day in the fermentation process;
s4: adding urea with the formula ratio into the mixture fermented by S3, uniformly stirring, sealing the fermentation tank, and fermenting in a closed manner at room temperature for 2-4 days to obtain the fermented feed.
In the preparation process, the weed ash used in S2 is the plant ash left after the highland barley straws are burnt.
The water content of the mixture in the S3 is 20%, the fermentation temperature is 35 ℃, and the fermentation time is 5 days.
During the fermentation process, the highland barley, the wheat bran, the astragalus and the wild cherry are mixed and fermented at a higher temperature, the thalli fully decompose the fermentation raw materials during the fermentation process and produce fermentation products such as subtilin, nystatin, natural antibiotic, bacteriocin and the like, and the fermentation products can obviously inhibit pathogenic bacteria or conditional pathogenic bacteria infected endogenously, can improve the intestinal microenvironment, reduce the content of intestinal endotoxin and are beneficial to reducing the morbidity of the yaks in winter.
After the high-temperature fermentation is finished, adding urea and then fermenting at room temperature, wherein the low-temperature and anoxic environment is favorable for the conversion of urea to thallus synthetic protein, the content of the thallus synthetic protein is increased, and the nutrient content of the fermented feed is further improved.
In addition, in order to prolong the shelf life of the final fermented feed, a certain amount of preservative can be added into the fermented feed after the fermented feed is obtained, wherein the added preservative accounts for 0.5-1% of the total mass of the feed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the fermented feed with good taste and rich nutrition is prepared by the fermentation method, sufficient overwintering feed can be provided for plateau livestock while wild cherries are fully utilized, the weight of yaks can be effectively kept, the winter death rate of the yaks is remarkably reduced, and the benefits of farmers are fully guaranteed.
Detailed Description
The following examples are provided to illustrate specific embodiments of the present invention.
Example one
A fermented feed for yaks comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 20 parts of wild cherries, 15 parts of highland barley, 10 parts of wheat bran, 4 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 2 parts of urea and 1 part of microbial fermentation material; the microbial fermentation material comprises 5 wt% of bacillus subtilis, 6 wt% of yeast and 3 wt% of enterococcus faecalis, and the balance of weed ash.
The fermented feed is prepared by the following steps:
s1: crushing highland barley, wheat bran and astragalus according to the formula ratio, sieving with a 70-mesh sieve, adding the powder into wild cherry, and uniformly stirring to obtain a fermentation medium;
s2: respectively adding water into bacillus subtilis, saccharomycetes and enterococcus faecalis according to a feed-liquid ratio of 1g:100mL for activation for 0.5h, then adding the activated thalli into weed ash according to a formula amount, and uniformly stirring to obtain a fermentation material;
s3: adding the fermentation material into a fermentation medium, adding clear water, stirring to make the water content of the mixture within 20%, transferring the mixture into a fermentation tank, covering with a film, fermenting at 35 deg.C for 5 days, and turning over once every other day during the fermentation process;
s4: adding urea with the formula ratio into the mixture fermented by S3, uniformly stirring, sealing the fermentation tank, and fermenting in a closed manner at room temperature for 3 days to obtain the fermented feed.
Example two
A fermented feed for yaks comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 25 parts of wild cherry, 20 parts of highland barley, 5 parts of wheat bran, 6 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 3 parts of urea and 1 part of microbial fermentation material; the microbial fermentation material comprises 3 wt% of bacillus subtilis, 8 wt% of yeast and 2 wt% of enterococcus faecalis, and the balance of weed ash.
The fermented feed is prepared by the following steps:
s1: pulverizing highland barley, wheat bran and radix astragali of formula amount, sieving with 60 mesh sieve, adding the powder into wild cherry, and stirring to obtain fermentation medium;
s2: respectively adding water into bacillus subtilis, saccharomycetes and enterococcus faecalis according to a feed-liquid ratio of 1g:100mL for activation for 0.5h, then adding the activated thalli into weed ash according to a formula amount, and uniformly stirring to obtain a fermentation material;
s3: adding the fermentation material into a fermentation medium, adding clear water, stirring to make the water content of the mixture within 25%, transferring the mixture into a fermentation tank, covering with a film, fermenting at 40 deg.C for 4 days, and turning and throwing once every other day during the fermentation process;
s4: adding urea with the formula ratio into the mixture fermented by S3, uniformly stirring, sealing the fermentation tank, and fermenting in a closed manner at room temperature for 4 days to obtain the fermented feed.
EXAMPLE III
A fermented feed for yaks comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 15 parts of wild cherries, 10 parts of highland barley, 15 parts of wheat bran, 2 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 3 parts of urea and 1 part of microbial fermentation material; the microbial fermentation material comprises 6 wt% of bacillus subtilis, 4 wt% of yeast and 4 wt% of enterococcus faecalis, and the balance of weed ash.
The fermented feed is prepared by the following steps:
s1: crushing highland barley, wheat bran and astragalus according to the formula ratio, sieving by a 80-mesh sieve, adding the powder into the wild cherry, and uniformly stirring to obtain a fermentation medium;
s2: respectively adding water into bacillus subtilis, saccharomycetes and enterococcus faecalis according to a feed-liquid ratio of 1g:100mL for activation for 0.5h, then adding the activated thalli into weed ash according to a formula amount, and uniformly stirring to obtain a fermentation material;
s3: adding the fermentation material into a fermentation medium, adding clear water, stirring to make the water content of the mixture within 25%, transferring the mixture into a fermentation tank, covering with a film, fermenting at 30 deg.C for 6 days, and turning and throwing once every other day during the fermentation process;
s4: adding urea with the formula ratio into the mixture fermented by S3, uniformly stirring, sealing the fermentation tank, and fermenting in a closed manner at room temperature for 2 days to obtain the fermented feed.
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it should not be construed as limited to the scope of the patent. Various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art without inventive step within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. The fermented feed for the yaks is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by mass: 15-25 parts of wild cherries, 10-20 parts of highland barley, 5-15 parts of wheat bran, 2-6 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 1-3 parts of urea and 0.5-1.5 parts of microbial fermentation material; the microbial fermentation material comprises 3-6 wt% of bacillus subtilis, 4-8 wt% of yeast and 2-4 wt% of enterococcus faecalis, and the balance is weed ash.
2. The yak fermented feed as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the composite material comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 20 parts of wild cherries, 15 parts of highland barley, 10 parts of wheat bran, 4 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 2 parts of urea and 1 part of microbial fermentation material.
3. The yak fermented feed as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the microbial fermentation material comprises 5 wt% of bacillus subtilis, 6 wt% of yeast and 3 wt% of enterococcus faecalis, and the balance is weed ash.
4. The fermented feed for yaks as claimed in claim, wherein the fermented feed for yaks comprises: the fermented feed is also added with preservative which accounts for 0.5 to 1 percent of the total mass of the feed.
5. The preparation method of the fermented feed for yaks as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, which comprises the following steps:
s1: crushing highland barley, wheat bran and astragalus according to the formula ratio, sieving the crushed highland barley, wheat bran and astragalus through a sieve of 60-80 meshes, and adding the powder into the wild cherry for uniformly stirring to obtain a fermentation medium;
s2: respectively adding water into bacillus subtilis, saccharomycetes and enterococcus faecalis according to a feed-liquid ratio of 1g:100mL for activation for 0.5h, then adding the activated thalli into weed ash according to a formula amount, and uniformly stirring to obtain a microbial fermentation material;
s3: adding the fermentation material into a fermentation medium, adding clear water, uniformly stirring to enable the water content of the mixture to be within the range of 15% -25%, then transferring the mixture into a fermentation tank, covering a film, fermenting for 4-6 days at 30-40 ℃, and turning and throwing once every other day in the fermentation process;
s4: adding urea with the formula ratio into the mixture fermented by S3, uniformly stirring, sealing the fermentation tank, and fermenting in a closed manner at room temperature for 2-4 days to obtain the fermented feed.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein: the weed ash used in the S2 is the plant ash left after the highland barley straws are burnt.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein: the water content of the mixture in the S3 is 20%, the fermentation temperature is 35 ℃, and the fermentation time is 5 days.
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| CN201911207561.8A CN110800873A (en) | 2019-11-30 | 2019-11-30 | Yak fermented feed and preparation method thereof |
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108576424A (en) * | 2018-05-21 | 2018-09-28 | 侯宝良 | Improve the yak fermented feed of growth performance |
| CN110292114A (en) * | 2019-06-06 | 2019-10-01 | 西藏自治区农牧科学院畜牧兽医研究所 | A kind of fermented feed that Yak Growth performance can be improved |
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- 2019-11-30 CN CN201911207561.8A patent/CN110800873A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108576424A (en) * | 2018-05-21 | 2018-09-28 | 侯宝良 | Improve the yak fermented feed of growth performance |
| CN110292114A (en) * | 2019-06-06 | 2019-10-01 | 西藏自治区农牧科学院畜牧兽医研究所 | A kind of fermented feed that Yak Growth performance can be improved |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| PIESZKA M等: "饲料中添加干水果蔬菜渣对育肥猪生产参数和肉品质的影响", 《饲料博览》 * |
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Application publication date: 20200218 |
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