CN110794478A - Comprehensive detection method for harmful gas in non-coal measure stratum tunnel - Google Patents
Comprehensive detection method for harmful gas in non-coal measure stratum tunnel Download PDFInfo
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 99
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000010438 granite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001028 reflection method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 2
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001149 cognitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V11/00—Prospecting or detecting by methods combining techniques covered by two or more of main groups G01V1/00 - G01V9/00
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
- E21B49/08—Obtaining fluid samples or testing fluids, in boreholes or wells
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
- G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a comprehensive detection method for harmful gases in a non-coal measure stratum tunnel. The method is characterized in that: based on a geological survey method, a long-distance macroscopic detection method is adopted, the rough positions and scales of the structure of the tunnel, the joint fracture dense zone, the granite alteration zone and the dikes in the tunnel are preliminarily judged, and the specific key mileage positions where toxic and harmful gases can intensively escape are preliminarily judged; according to the long-distance macroscopic detection result, a drilling method is adopted to carry out short-distance microscopic detection on the specific position where the toxic and harmful gas possibly escapes, and the occurrence condition of the harmful gas is proved; the harmful gas is tracked and detected in the drilling process, the aerodynamic phenomenon of the drilling process is observed, and the distribution position, the property, the content, the concentration, the pressure and the emission quantity of the harmful gas are detected through the harmful gas detection. The invention can accurately detect harmful gas, has high construction accuracy and good advanced detection effect, and can effectively avoid casualty accidents.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a comprehensive detection method for harmful gas in a non-coal measure stratum tunnel, and belongs to the technical field of tunnel construction.
Background
At present, a large number of tunnels are often required to be constructed in the process of constructing infrastructures such as roads, railways and the like. Because some local geological structures are complex, sometimes the tunnel passes through non-coal strata and meets high-pressure air bag type harmful gas, the tunnel is a novel natural disaster which exceeds the cognitive level of the current geological exploration technology, and no relevant cases and relevant argumentation data exist at home and abroad at present. The non-coal series harmful gas has complicated and changeable components and shows hydrogen sulfide (H)2S), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO)2) Sulfur dioxide (SO)2) Ammonia (NH)3) And the high concentration, randomness and instability, high harmfulness and high prediction difficulty of various mixed gases, and the current tunnel engineering industry has no standard and can be circulated in standard. How to effectively avoid or reduce the influence of non-coal-series harmful gas on the tunnel engineering construction, research and solution of the problem have important significance on the tunnel engineering safety construction, and an effective detection technology is a necessary technical means for preventing and controlling the harmful gas.
Aiming at how to effectively detect harmful gases, no effective detection technology exists in the industries of coal mines, petrochemical industry, highways, railways and the like at home and abroad at present, and relevant parameters such as distribution positions, properties, contents, concentrations, pressures, emission quantities and the like of harmful gases in non-coal-based strata cannot be accurately detected by adopting single technical measures such as a leading geological geophysical prospecting method (seismic wave reflection method (TSP), a geological radar method, a transient electromagnetic method), a drilling method (leading drilling, deepening blast holes and radial hole probing), harmful gas detection and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a comprehensive detection method for harmful gases in a non-coal measure stratum tunnel.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a comprehensive detection method for harmful gases in a non-coal measure stratum tunnel is characterized by comprising the following steps: based on a geological survey method, a long-distance macroscopic detection method is adopted, the rough positions and scales of the structure of the tunnel, the joint fracture dense zone, the granite alteration zone and the dikes in the tunnel are preliminarily judged, and the specific key mileage positions where toxic and harmful gases can intensively escape are preliminarily judged; according to the long-distance macroscopic detection result, a drilling method is adopted to carry out short-distance microscopic detection on the specific position where the toxic and harmful gas possibly escapes, and the occurrence condition of the harmful gas is proved; the harmful gas is tracked and detected in the drilling process, the aerodynamic phenomenon of the drilling process is observed, and the distribution position, the property, the content, the concentration, the pressure and the emission quantity of the harmful gas are detected through the harmful gas detection.
The invention effectively solves the technical problem that the harmful gas can not be accurately detected by combining the long-distance macroscopic detection and the short-distance microscopic detection, and can achieve the aim of accurately detecting the harmful gas by tracking and detecting the harmful gas and observing the aerodynamic phenomenon in the drilling process.
Furthermore, the advanced geophysical prospecting method is a seismic wave reflection method, a geological radar method and a transient electromagnetic method.
Further, the drilling method is a forward drilling method, a deepening shot hole method and a radial hole probing method.
Further, the following steps are specifically adopted for detection:
(1) analyzing and processing a seismic wave reflection method, a transient electromagnetic method and a geological radar result map, judging engineering geology and hydrogeological conditions in front of a tunnel excavation working face by combining geological conditions and geological survey data of an excavation section in a hole, deducing an approximate position rich in harmful gas, and judging the dangerous level of the harmful gas in a certain section in front;
(2) carrying out short-distance microscopic accurate detection on the tunnel face by adopting an advanced drilling method according to the danger level of the harmful gas section;
(3) according to the danger level of the harmful gas section, carrying out short-distance deepening blast hole detection on the tunnel face;
(4) when the harmful gas concentration is detected to reach a dangerous area of moderate or above, radial drilling detection is carried out on the periphery and the base of the tunnel;
the harmful gas is tracked and detected in real time in the drilling process, the harmful gas is detected once every 1.5m is drilled, and the aerodynamic phenomenon in the drilling process is observed.
Further, in order to ensure the advanced drilling detection effect, in the step (2), the depth of the drill hole is 30m, the vertical angle is controlled to be 1-3 degrees, the external insertion angle of the drill hole is larger than 13 degrees, and the final hole of the drill hole is more than 5m outside the tunnel excavation contour line.
Further, in order to ensure the advanced drilling detection effect, in the step (2), four drill holes are arranged in a high-degree danger area with a harmful gas danger level, one of the drill holes is arranged on the central line of the section of the tunnel main tunnel, the other two drill holes are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the central line of the section of the tunnel main tunnel, the two symmetrically arranged drill holes and the drill hole positioned on the central line of the section of the tunnel main tunnel are arranged in an isosceles triangle shape, and the fourth drill hole is arranged in the central position of the tunnel face; arranging two drill holes in a high dangerous area of harmful gas danger level, wherein the two drill holes are arranged at the middle height position of the left and right breadth of the tunnel face, and the distance between the hole positions of the two drill holes and the contour line of the cross section is 1.5-2 m; a drill hole is arranged in a middle danger area of the danger level of the harmful gas and is arranged in the center of the tunnel face.
Further, in order to ensure the detection effect of the deepened blast hole, in the step (3), the deepened blast hole is deeper than the circulating depth by more than 3 m.
Further, in order to ensure the deepening blast hole detection effect, five deepening blast holes are arranged in a low-degree dangerous area of the harmful gas danger level, and eight deepening blast holes are respectively arranged in a medium dangerous area, a high-degree dangerous area and a high-degree dangerous area of the harmful gas danger level.
Further, in order to ensure the detection effect of the radial drilling, in the step (4), ten radial drilling holes are distributed on one section during the detection of the radial drilling holes, the depth of the drilling holes is 5m, and the distance between the longitudinal sections is 5 m.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the comprehensive detection method solves the problem that casualty accidents are caused because a single detection means cannot accurately detect and uncover the escape of rock pan harmful gases. The invention adopts a harmful gas comprehensive detection method combining an advanced geological geophysical prospecting method, a drilling method and a harmful gas detection method, and adopts the ideas of macroscopically guiding microscopic detection, long-distance guiding short-distance detection, microscopically verifying macroscopic detection and short-distance verifying long-distance detection, thereby achieving the purpose of accurately detecting harmful gas and effectively solving the technical problem that the harmful gas cannot be accurately detected in advance in the prior art. The comprehensive detection method is adopted for construction, the construction accuracy is high, the advanced detection effect is good, and casualty accidents can be effectively avoided. The detection method has strong construction operability, low cost and higher practicability. The detection method is not only suitable for non-coal measure stratum tunnels, but also suitable for harmful gas detection of coal measure stratum tunnels and underground engineering of other strata.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a lead drilling borehole arrangement in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a deepened blasthole arrangement in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a radial probe hole arrangement in an embodiment of the present invention;
Detailed Description
The invention will now be further illustrated by way of non-limiting examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
a comprehensive detection method for harmful gas in a non-coal measure stratum tunnel is based on a geological survey method, a long-distance macro detection method is adopted, the rough position and scale of the structure, a joint fracture dense zone, a granite alteration zone and a rock vein of the tunnel are preliminarily judged, and the specific key mileage position where toxic harmful gas possibly escapes concentratedly is preliminarily judged; according to the long-distance macroscopic detection result, a drilling method is adopted to carry out short-distance microscopic detection on the specific position where the toxic and harmful gas possibly escapes, and the occurrence condition of the harmful gas is proved; the harmful gas is tracked and detected in the drilling process, the aerodynamic phenomenon of the drilling process is observed, and the distribution position, the property, the content, the concentration, the pressure and the emission quantity of the harmful gas are detected through the harmful gas detection. The advanced geophysical prospecting method comprises a seismic wave reflection method, a geological radar method and a transient electromagnetic method, and the drilling method comprises an advanced drilling method, a deepening shot hole method and a radial hole probing method.
The detection is carried out by the following steps:
(1) carrying out geophysical prospecting analysis according to the overlapping length of a seismic wave reflection method (TSP) of not less than 10m, the overlapping length of a geological radar of not less than 5m and the overlapping length of a transient electromagnetic method of not less than 20m, and judging engineering geology and hydrogeology conditions such as soft interlayers, fault fracture zones, joint crack development, water-rich conditions, airbag conditions and the like of surrounding rocks in front of a tunnel excavation working face by combining geological conditions of an excavation section in a tunnel and geological survey data;
(2) and (4) carrying out short-distance and microscopic advanced drilling method accurate detection on the tunnel face according to the danger level of the harmful gas section. The advanced drilling borehole arrangement is shown in figure 1, and the advanced drilling borehole arrangement method comprises the following steps: 4 holes are provided in the extremely high risk region of the hazardous gas risk level (as shown in fig. 1 (c)), 2 holes are provided in the high risk region of the hazardous gas risk level (as shown in fig. 1 (b)), and 1 hole is provided in the moderate risk region of the hazardous gas risk level (as shown in fig. 1 (a)). In fig. 1(c), the holes # 2 are arranged at the center line of the tunnel main tunnel section, the holes # 1 and # 3 are symmetrically arranged at two sides of the center line of the tunnel main tunnel section, the holes # 1, # 2 and # 3 are arranged in an isosceles triangle, and the holes # 4 are preferably arranged at the center of the tunnel face. In FIG. 1(b), two holes are arranged at the middle height position of the left and right breadth of the tunnel face, and the distance between the hole positions of the 1# and 2# holes and the contour line of the cross section is preferably controlled to be 1.5 m-2 m. In fig. 2(a), the drilled holes are arranged at the center of the face. The drilling depth is 30m, the vertical angle is controlled to be 1-3 degrees, the drilling depth is more than 5m outside the tunnel excavation contour line in advance geological drilling final hole in the mileage section of the harmful gas height or extremely high dangerous area, and the external drilling insertion angle is more than 13 degrees.
(3) According to the danger level of the harmful gas section, short-distance gun hole deepening detection is carried out on the tunnel face, the arrangement of the deepened gun holes is shown in figure 2, and the arrangement method of the deepened gun holes comprises the following steps: five deepened blast holes are arranged in a low-risk area of the harmful gas risk level (as shown in fig. 2 (d)), and eight deepened blast holes are respectively arranged in a medium-risk area, a high-risk area and a high-risk area of the harmful gas risk level (as shown in fig. 2 (e)). Drilling and detecting the deepened blast holes on the face of the tunnel by using a tunnel drilling air drill, wherein the deepened blast holes are deeper than the circulating depth by more than 3 m;
(4) as shown in fig. 3, when the concentration of harmful gas is detected to reach a dangerous area of medium or above according to the escaping, the wind drilling detection holes are adopted to perform radial drilling detection on the periphery and the base (after inverted arch excavation) of the tunnel, and the radial drilling arrangement method comprises the following steps: ten radial drill holes are distributed on one section, the depth of each drill hole is 5m, and the distance between longitudinal sections is 5 m;
the drilling method detects harmful gas detection personnel in the steps 2 to 4 to track and detect the harmful gas in real time, the detection is carried out once every 1.5m is drilled, the aerodynamic phenomenon in the drilling process is observed, and the distribution position, the property, the content, the concentration, the pressure and the emission quantity of the harmful gas are detected through the detection of the harmful gas.
The invention adopts a harmful gas comprehensive detection method combining an advanced geological geophysical prospecting method, a drilling method and a harmful gas detection method, adopts the ideas of macroscopically guiding microscopic detection, long-distance guiding short-distance detection, microscopically verifying macroscopic detection and short-distance verifying long-distance detection, achieves the aim of accurately detecting the harmful gas, effectively solves the technical problem that the harmful gas cannot be accurately detected in advance in the prior art, has high construction accuracy and good advanced detection effect, and can effectively avoid casualty accidents. The detection method is not only suitable for non-coal measure stratum tunnels, but also suitable for harmful gas detection of coal measure stratum tunnels and underground engineering of other strata.
Other parts in this embodiment are the prior art, and are not described herein again.
Claims (9)
1. A comprehensive detection method for harmful gases in a non-coal measure stratum tunnel is characterized by comprising the following steps: based on a geological survey method, a long-distance macroscopic detection method is adopted, the rough positions and scales of the structure of the tunnel, the joint fracture dense zone, the granite alteration zone and the dikes in the tunnel are preliminarily judged, and the specific key mileage positions where toxic and harmful gases can intensively escape are preliminarily judged; according to the long-distance macroscopic detection result, a drilling method is adopted to carry out short-distance microscopic detection on the specific position where the toxic and harmful gas possibly escapes, and the occurrence condition of the harmful gas is proved; the harmful gas is tracked and detected in the drilling process, the aerodynamic phenomenon of the drilling process is observed, and the distribution position, the property, the content, the concentration, the pressure and the emission quantity of the harmful gas are detected through the harmful gas detection.
2. The method for comprehensively detecting the harmful gases in the tunnel in the non-coal measure stratum according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the advanced geophysical prospecting method is a seismic wave reflection method, a geological radar method and a transient electromagnetic method.
3. The method for comprehensively detecting the harmful gases in the tunnel in the non-coal measure stratum according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the drilling method comprises an advanced drilling method, a deepening shot hole method and a radial hole probing method.
4. The method for comprehensively detecting the harmful gases in the tunnel of the non-coal measure stratum as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that: the detection is carried out by the following steps:
(1) analyzing and processing a seismic wave reflection method, a transient electromagnetic method and a geological radar result map, judging engineering geology and hydrogeological conditions in front of a tunnel excavation working face by combining geological conditions and geological survey data of an excavation section in a hole, deducing an approximate position rich in harmful gas, and judging the dangerous level of the harmful gas in a certain section in front;
(2) carrying out short-distance microscopic accurate detection on the tunnel face by adopting an advanced drilling method according to the danger level of the harmful gas section;
(3) according to the danger level of the harmful gas section, carrying out short-distance deepening blast hole detection on the tunnel face;
(4) when the harmful gas concentration is detected to reach a dangerous area of moderate or above, radial drilling detection is carried out on the periphery and the base of the tunnel;
the harmful gas is tracked and detected in real time in the drilling process, the harmful gas is detected once every 1.5m is drilled, and the aerodynamic phenomenon in the drilling process is observed.
5. The method for comprehensively detecting the harmful gases in the tunnel of the non-coal measure stratum as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that: in the step (2), the drilling depth is 30m, the vertical angle is controlled to be 1-3 degrees, the external drilling angle is larger than 13 degrees, and the final drilling hole is more than 5m outside the tunnel excavation contour line.
6. The method for comprehensively detecting the harmful gases in the tunnel of the non-coal measure stratum as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that: in the step (2), four drill holes are arranged in an extremely high-degree dangerous area with harmful gas danger level, one of the drill holes is arranged on the center line of the section of the tunnel main tunnel, the other two drill holes are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the center line of the section of the tunnel main tunnel, the two symmetrically arranged drill holes and the drill hole positioned on the center line of the section of the tunnel main tunnel are arranged in an isosceles triangle shape, and the fourth drill hole is arranged at the center of the tunnel face; arranging two drill holes in a high dangerous area of harmful gas danger level, wherein the two drill holes are arranged at the middle height position of the left and right breadth of the tunnel face, and the distance between the hole positions of the two drill holes and the contour line of the cross section is 1.5-2 m; a drill hole is arranged in a middle danger area of the danger level of the harmful gas and is arranged in the center of the tunnel face.
7. The method for comprehensively detecting the harmful gases in the tunnel in the non-coal-based stratum according to claim 5 or 6, which is characterized in that: in the step (3), the length of the blast hole is deepened by more than 3m than the depth of the circulating footage.
8. The method for comprehensively detecting the harmful gases in the tunnel in the non-coal measure stratum according to claim 7, which is characterized in that: five deepened blast holes are arranged in a low-degree dangerous area of the harmful gas danger level, and eight deepened blast holes are respectively arranged in a medium dangerous area, a high dangerous area and a high-degree dangerous area of the harmful gas danger level.
9. The method for comprehensively detecting the harmful gases in the tunnel of the non-coal measure stratum as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that: in the step (4), when radial drilling detection is carried out, ten radial drilling holes are distributed on one section, the depth of the drilling holes is 5m, and the distance between the longitudinal sections is 5 m.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN111708079A (en) * | 2020-07-14 | 2020-09-25 | 西南石油大学 | Tunnel harmful gas comprehensive advanced prediction method based on TSP |
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