CN110786278A - Scientific feeding method for penaeus vannamei boone - Google Patents
Scientific feeding method for penaeus vannamei boone Download PDFInfo
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- CN110786278A CN110786278A CN201911207845.7A CN201911207845A CN110786278A CN 110786278 A CN110786278 A CN 110786278A CN 201911207845 A CN201911207845 A CN 201911207845A CN 110786278 A CN110786278 A CN 110786278A
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- penaeus vannamei
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- 241000238553 Litopenaeus vannamei Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000003674 animal food additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 claims description 11
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000019750 Crude protein Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004154 testing of material Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005708 Sodium hypochlorite Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 claims description 5
- QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-XFEUOLMDSA-N Vitamin D3 Natural products C1(/[C@@H]2CC[C@@H]([C@]2(CCC1)C)[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)=C/C=C1\C[C@@H](O)CCC1=C QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-XFEUOLMDSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005276 aerator Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000968 intestinal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-YRZJJWOYSA-N vitamin D3 Chemical compound C1(/[C@@H]2CC[C@@H]([C@]2(CCC1)C)[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)=C\C=C1\C[C@@H](O)CCC1=C QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-YRZJJWOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000005282 vitamin D3 Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011647 vitamin D3 Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940021056 vitamin d3 Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000645 desinfectant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims description 2
- JDLKFOPOAOFWQN-VIFPVBQESA-N Allicin Natural products C=CCS[S@](=O)CC=C JDLKFOPOAOFWQN-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000238366 Cephalopoda Species 0.000 claims description 2
- JDLKFOPOAOFWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N allicin Chemical compound C=CCSS(=O)CC=C JDLKFOPOAOFWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010081 allicin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000015170 shellfish Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 241001275783 Mysida Species 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012851 eutrophication Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241000186660 Lactobacillus Species 0.000 description 9
- 229940039696 lactobacillus Drugs 0.000 description 9
- 230000000249 desinfective effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006213 oxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N cholesterol Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 2
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 13-cis retinol Natural products OCC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-erythro-ascorbic acid Natural products OCC1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001255741 Vanna Species 0.000 description 1
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-BOOMUCAASA-N Vitamin A Natural products OC/C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(\C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-BOOMUCAASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930003268 Vitamin C Natural products 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N all-trans-retinol Chemical compound OC\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000012000 cholesterol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000004213 low-fat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019155 vitamin A Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011719 vitamin A Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940045997 vitamin a Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a scientific feeding method for penaeus vannamei boone, which comprises the following steps: (1) treatment of a culture pond, (2) feeding of penaeus vannamei: comprises the steps of selecting feed, feeding management, feeding observation after feeding, and timely adjusting the used materials, (3) adjusting the culture water body. The invention utilizes the principle of bacteria inhibition, improves the feed conversion rate and controls the risk of water quality deterioration; the natural animal feed and the compound feed are fed alternately, so that the prawn grows rapidly, the feed coefficient is reduced, the water eutrophication can be avoided, and the feeding, digestion and absorption of the penaeus vannamei boone are facilitated; the feed throwing amount, the feeding time and the feeding frequency are correspondingly adjusted according to different growth stages, the feed is utilized to the maximum extent, the feed additive is supplemented in the adult stage, necessary trace elements are provided for the penaeus vannamei boone, the culture environment is improved, the immunity of the penaeus vannamei boone is enhanced, the survival rate of the penaeus vannamei boone is improved, and therefore the economic benefit is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a scientific feeding method for penaeus vannamei boone.
Background
Penaeus vannamei Boone is also called vanna. The chicken is delicious, high in protein content and low in fat content, is rich in calcium, phosphorus, iron, selenium, zinc, magnesium, iodine and other trace elements, contains rich vitamin A, vitamin C and other elements, and has low sugar, low fat and low cholesterol. In recent years, the demand of people for the penaeus vannamei boone is increasing, and the yield of the penaeus vannamei boone can not meet the market demand gradually.
The penaeus vannamei boone has the characteristics of high growth speed, high yield, omnivorous property and the like. The bait is the main input for shrimp culture. The growth of the prawns is influenced by insufficient bait feeding, so that the resistance is reduced; excessive feeding wastes feed, pollutes water quality and substrate, and induces shrimp diseases.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a scientific feeding method for penaeus vannamei boone, which aims to solve the problems in the feeding of the penaeus vannamei boone.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a scientific feeding method for Penaeus vannamei Boone comprises the following steps:
(1) treatment of the culture pond: the method comprises the steps of pond drying, disinfection, field clearing, water feeding and water culture, clear water is injected into a culture pond, the pond is thoroughly cleared and disinfected by using a disinfectant, the disinfection time is 2-3 days, all water in the culture pond is discharged after disinfection, clear water is injected again, tea bran is removed, the field is cleared, an aerator is started for aeration, the dissolved oxygen in water is kept above 5ml/L, and then water algae culture is directionally regulated, and seedlings are waited to be discharged;
(2) feeding of the penaeus vannamei:
a, selecting feeds: the content of crude protein in the compound feed for the young penaeus vannamei boone is 40 percent, the content of crude protein in the compound feed for the middle-grown penaeus vannamei boone is 30 to 35 percent, the natural animal feed and the compound feed are alternately fed in the prawn culture period, and the feed additive is added in the compound feed;
b, feeding management: according to the principle of a small amount of multiple times, feeding for 2 times in the early period, gradually increasing the feeding times along with the growth of the prawns, and feeding for 4-5 times in the middle and later periods; the specific time of the prawn culture period and the weight ratio of the daily fed feed are as follows: in the following step 6: 00-7: 00, the feeding proportion is 30 percent; 11: 00-12: 00, proportion 15%; 17: 00-18: 00, proportion 35%; 20: 00-23: 00, proportion 20%;
c, feeding observation after feeding: the small polymer net is arranged in each shrimp pond and combined with pond-leaving material testing, and each pond is provided with the small polymer net, so that 2 percent of the feeding amount of each time is uniformly dispersed in each net for standby material testing after each time of feeding is finished; the time for the small polymer net bait disc to complete bait ingestion is 2-2.5 hours in the early stage, 1.5-2 hours in the middle stage and 1 hour in the later stage;
d, timely adjusting materials: the feed is flexibly fed according to the water quality substrate and weather change, and little or no feed can be fed in the early stage of cultivation; the water quality is fresh in the middle and later culture periods, and the feed can be normally fed; and if the water quality is poor, feeding is carried out less or not; adjusting materials according to different growth stages, wherein the feeding amount is 1kg for every 20 ten thousand of shrimp seedlings when the shrimp seedlings just fall into the pond; determining daily bait feeding amount according to weight percentage of the shrimps with the growth of the shrimps, wherein the weight percentage of young shrimps (less than 3 g) is 7-9%; 5% -7% of medium shrimps (3-6 g); 3 to 5 percent of adult shrimps (more than 6 g);
(3) adjusting the aquaculture water body: and (3) regularly using the bacillus preparation to adjust water, regularly using the lactic acid bacteria, and adjusting the intestinal ecological flora of the prawns.
Preferably, the disinfectant in step (1) is quicklime or sodium hypochlorite.
Preferably, the natural animal bait of step (2) is one or more of squid, mysid, trash fish and shellfish.
Preferably, the feed additive ingredients in the step (2) comprise allicin, polysaccharide, vitamin D3, bacillus subtilis and lactic acid bacteria.
Preferably, the ratio of the specific time of the prawn culture period in the step (2) to the daily feed feeding weight is 6: 00, proportion 30%; 11: 00, proportion 15%; 17: 00, proportion 35%; 20: 00, proportion 20%.
Preferably, the polymer in step (2) is a polymer having 3 to 4 pores of 1.0 square meter.
Preferably, the application method of the bacillus preparation in the step (3) is that the bacillus preparation is applied once per half month, the effective viable bacteria number is 20 hundred million/g, and the application dosage is 0.5g/m3。
Preferably, the using method of the lactic acid bacteria in the step (3) is that the lactic acid bacteria are applied once a week, the lactic acid bacteria are diluted by more than 50 times of pool water and then are uniformly splashed in the whole pool, and the effective viable bacteria number is 50 hundred million/g, wherein the lactic acid bacteria preparation is used for each mu of water surface by more than 100 grams according to the water depth of 1 meter.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention relates to a scientific feeding method of penaeus vannamei boone,
(1) by utilizing the principle of bacteria inhibition, the feed conversion rate is improved, and the risk of water quality deterioration is controlled;
(2) the natural animal feed and the compound feed are fed alternately, so that the prawn grows rapidly, the feed coefficient is reduced, the water eutrophication can be avoided, and the feeding, digestion and absorption of the penaeus vannamei boone are facilitated;
(3) the feed throwing amount, the feeding time and the feeding frequency are correspondingly adjusted according to different growth stages, the feed is utilized to the maximum extent, the feed additive is supplemented in the adult stage, necessary trace elements are provided for the penaeus vannamei boone, the culture environment is improved, the immunity of the penaeus vannamei boone is enhanced, the survival rate of the penaeus vannamei boone is improved, and therefore the economic benefit is improved.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The materials used in the following examples are all commercially available from conventional sources.
Example 1
A scientific feeding method for penaeus vannamei boone specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) treating a culture pond, comprising pond drying, disinfection, field clearing, water feeding and water culture, injecting clear water into the culture pond, thoroughly disinfecting the pond by using quick lime or sodium hypochlorite, disinfecting for 2-3 days, completely discharging the water in the culture pond after disinfection, injecting clear water, removing tea bran, clearing the field, starting an aerator for aeration and oxygenation to keep the dissolved oxygen amount in water above 5ml/L, then directionally regulating water culture algae, and waiting for seedling discharge;
(2) feeding of the penaeus vannamei:
a, selecting feeds: the compound feed for the young penaeus vannamei boone has the crude protein content of 40 percent and the middle-grown penaeus vannamei boone period of 30 percent, the natural animal feed and the compound feed are alternately fed in the penaeus vannamei boone growing period, the compound feed is added with a feed additive, and the added feed additive comprises the components of garlicin, polysaccharide, vitamin D3, bacillus subtilis and lactic acid bacteria;
b, feeding management: according to the principle of a small amount of multiple times, feeding for 2 times in the early period, gradually increasing the feeding times along with the growth of the prawns, and feeding for 4-5 times in the middle and later periods; the specific time of the prawn culture period and the weight ratio of the daily fed feed are as follows: in the following step 6: 00, the feeding proportion is 30 percent; 11: 00, proportion 15%; 17: 00, proportion 35%; 20: 00, proportion 20%;
c, feeding observation after feeding: the polymer is combined with pond-leaving material testing, each pond is provided with 3-4 polymer with the square meter of 1.0, and after each feeding is finished, 2% of the feeding amount is uniformly dispersed in each net for standby material inspection; the time for the small polymer net bait disc to complete bait ingestion is 2-2.5 hours in the early stage, 1.5-2 hours in the middle stage and 1 hour in the later stage;
d, timely adjusting materials: the feed is flexibly fed according to the water quality substrate and weather change, and little or no feed can be fed in the early stage of cultivation; the water quality is fresh in the middle and later culture periods, and the feed can be normally fed; and if the water quality is poor, feeding is carried out less or not; adjusting materials according to different growth stages, wherein the feeding amount is 1kg for every 20 ten thousand of shrimp seedlings when the shrimp seedlings just fall into the pond; determining daily bait feeding amount according to weight percentage of the shrimps with the growth of the shrimps, wherein the weight percentage of young shrimps (less than 3 g) is 7-9%; 5% -7% of medium shrimps (3-6 g); 3 to 5 percent of adult shrimps (more than 6 g);
(3) adjusting the aquaculture water body: the bacillus preparation is applied once every half month for water regulation, the lactobacillus is applied once every week for adjusting the intestinal ecological flora of the prawns; bud of riceThe bacillus preparation has effective viable count of 20 hundred million/g, and the dosage is 0.5g/m3The lactobacillus is diluted by more than 50 times of pond water and then is uniformly sprinkled in the whole pond, and the lactobacillus preparation is used for more than 100 g per mu of water surface according to the water depth of 1 m, and the effective viable count is 50 hundred million/g.
Example 2
A scientific feeding method for penaeus vannamei boone specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) treating a culture pond, comprising pond drying, disinfection, field clearing, water feeding and water culture, injecting clear water into the culture pond, thoroughly disinfecting the pond by using quick lime or sodium hypochlorite, disinfecting for 2-3 days, completely discharging the water in the culture pond after disinfection, injecting clear water, removing tea bran, clearing the field, starting an aerator for aeration and oxygenation to keep the dissolved oxygen amount in water above 5ml/L, then directionally regulating water culture algae, and waiting for seedling discharge;
(2) feeding of the penaeus vannamei:
a, selecting feeds: the compound feed for the young penaeus vannamei boone has the crude protein content of 40 percent and the middle-grown penaeus vannamei boone period of 32.5 percent, the penaeus vannamei boone is fed by adopting natural animal baits and compound feed in turn in the growing period, the compound feed is added with a feed additive, and the compound feed is added with feed additive components comprising garlicin, polysaccharide, vitamin D3, bacillus subtilis and lactic acid bacteria;
b, feeding management: according to the principle of a small amount of multiple times, feeding for 2 times in the early period, gradually increasing the feeding times along with the growth of the prawns, and feeding for 4-5 times in the middle and later periods; the specific time of the prawn culture period and the weight ratio of the daily fed feed are as follows: in the following step 6: 30, the feeding proportion is 30%; 11: 30, proportion 15%; 17: 30, proportion 35%; 21: 00, proportion 20%;
c, feeding observation after feeding: the polymer is combined with pond-leaving material testing, each pond is provided with 3-4 polymer with the square meter of 1.0, and after each feeding is finished, 2% of the feeding amount is uniformly dispersed in each net for standby material inspection; the time for the small polymer net bait disc to complete bait ingestion is 2-2.5 hours in the early stage, 1.5-2 hours in the middle stage and 1 hour in the later stage;
d, timely adjusting materials: the feed is flexibly fed according to the water quality substrate and weather change, and little or no feed can be fed in the early stage of cultivation; the water quality is fresh in the middle and later culture periods, and the feed can be normally fed; and if the water quality is poor, feeding is carried out less or not; adjusting materials according to different growth stages, wherein the feeding amount is 1kg for every 20 ten thousand of shrimp seedlings when the shrimp seedlings just fall into the pond; determining daily bait feeding amount according to weight percentage of the shrimps with the growth of the shrimps, wherein the weight percentage of young shrimps (less than 3 g) is 7-9%; 5% -7% of medium shrimps (3-6 g); 3 to 5 percent of adult shrimps (more than 6 g);
(3) adjusting the aquaculture water body: and (3) the bacillus preparation is applied once every half month for water regulation, and the lactobacillus is applied once every week for adjusting the intestinal ecological flora of the prawns. The effective viable count of the bacillus preparation is 20 hundred million/g, and the dosage is 0.6g/m3(ii) a Diluting lactobacillus with 50 times of pond water, uniformly splashing the whole pond, and using more than 110 g of lactobacillus preparation per mu of water surface according to the water depth of 1 m, wherein the effective viable count is 50 hundred million/g.
Example 3
A scientific feeding method for penaeus vannamei boone specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) treating a culture pond, comprising pond drying, disinfection, field clearing, water feeding and water culture, injecting clear water into the culture pond, thoroughly disinfecting the pond by using quick lime or sodium hypochlorite, disinfecting for 2-3 days, completely discharging the water in the culture pond after disinfection, injecting clear water, removing tea bran, clearing the field, starting an aerator for aeration and oxygenation to keep the dissolved oxygen amount in water above 5ml/L, then directionally regulating water culture algae, and waiting for seedling discharge;
(2) feeding of the penaeus vannamei:
a, selecting feeds: the compound feed for the young penaeus vannamei boone has the crude protein content of 40 percent and the middle-grown penaeus vannamei boone period of 35 percent, the natural animal feed and the compound feed are alternately fed in the penaeus vannamei boone growing period, the compound feed is added with a feed additive, and the added feed additive comprises the components of garlicin, polysaccharide, vitamin D3, bacillus subtilis and lactic acid bacteria;
b, feeding management: according to the principle of a small amount of multiple times, feeding for 2 times in the early period, gradually increasing the feeding times along with the growth of the prawns, and feeding for 4-5 times in the middle and later periods; the specific time of the prawn culture period and the weight ratio of the daily fed feed are as follows: in the following step 7: the feeding proportion of 00 percent is 30 percent; 12: 00, proportion 15%; 18: 00, proportion 35%; 23: 00, proportion 20%;
c, feeding observation after feeding: the polymer is combined with pond-leaving material testing, each pond is provided with 3-4 polymer with the square meter of 1.0, and after each feeding is finished, 2% of the feeding amount is uniformly dispersed in each net for standby material inspection; the time for the small polymer net bait disc to complete bait ingestion is 2-2.5 hours in the early stage, 1.5-2 hours in the middle stage and 1 hour in the later stage;
d, timely adjusting materials: the feed is flexibly fed according to the water quality substrate and weather change, and little or no feed can be fed in the early stage of cultivation; the water quality is fresh in the middle and later culture periods, and the feed can be normally fed; and if the water quality is poor, feeding is carried out less or not; adjusting materials according to different growth stages, wherein the feeding amount is 1kg for every 20 ten thousand of shrimp seedlings when the shrimp seedlings just fall into the pond; determining daily bait feeding amount according to weight percentage of the shrimps with the growth of the shrimps, wherein the weight percentage of young shrimps (less than 3 g) is 7-9%; 5% -7% of medium shrimps (3-6 g); 3 to 5 percent of adult shrimps (more than 6 g);
(3) adjusting the aquaculture water body: and (3) the bacillus preparation is applied once every half month for water regulation, and the lactobacillus is applied once every week for adjusting the intestinal ecological flora of the prawns. The number of effective live bacteria of the bacillus preparation is 20 hundred million/g, and the using dosage is 0.7g/m 3; diluting lactobacillus with 50 times of pond water, uniformly splashing the whole pond, and using more than 130 g of lactobacillus preparation per mu of water surface according to the water depth of 1 m, wherein the effective viable count is 50 hundred million/g.
The control was fed in a conventional manner.
TABLE 1 Penaeus vannamei Boone cultivation survey
As can be seen from Table 1, the cultivation method of the present invention has low feed ratio, which indicates high feed utilization rate; the survival rate is more than 90 percent, which indicates that the survival rate is high; the highest yield per mu of 1150 jin indicates the yield. The feed is utilized to the maximum extent, the feed additive is supplemented in the adult shrimp stage, necessary trace elements are provided for the penaeus vannamei boone, the culture environment is improved, the immunity of the penaeus vannamei boone is enhanced, the survival rate of the penaeus vannamei boone is improved, and therefore the economic benefit is improved.
Claims (8)
1. A scientific feeding method for Penaeus vannamei Boone is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) treatment of the culture pond: the method comprises the steps of pond drying, disinfection, field clearing, water feeding and water culture, clear water is injected into a culture pond, the pond is thoroughly cleared and disinfected by using a disinfectant, the disinfection time is 2-3 days, all water in the culture pond is discharged after disinfection, clear water is injected again, tea bran is removed, the field is cleared, an aerator is started for aeration, the dissolved oxygen in water is kept above 5ml/L, and then water algae culture is directionally regulated, and seedlings are waited to be discharged;
(2) feeding of the penaeus vannamei:
a, selecting feeds: the content of crude protein in the compound feed for the young penaeus vannamei boone is 40 percent, the content of crude protein in the compound feed for the middle-grown penaeus vannamei boone is 30 to 35 percent, the natural animal feed and the compound feed are alternately fed in the prawn culture period, and the feed additive is added in the compound feed;
b, feeding management: according to the principle of a small amount of multiple times, feeding for 2 times in the early period, gradually increasing the feeding times along with the growth of the prawns, and feeding for 4-5 times in the middle and later periods; the specific time of the prawn culture period and the weight ratio of the daily fed feed are as follows: in the following step 6: 00-7: 00, the feeding proportion is 30 percent; 11: 00-12: 00, proportion 15%; 17: 00-18: 00, proportion 35%; 20: 00-23: 00, proportion 20%;
c, feeding observation after feeding: the small polymer net is arranged in each shrimp pond and combined with pond-leaving material testing, and each pond is provided with the small polymer net, so that 2 percent of the feeding amount of each time is uniformly dispersed in each net for standby material testing after each time of feeding is finished; the time for the small polymer net bait disc to complete bait ingestion is 2-2.5 hours in the early stage, 1.5-2 hours in the middle stage and 1 hour in the later stage;
d, timely adjusting materials: the feed is flexibly fed according to the water quality substrate and weather change, and little or no feed can be fed in the early stage of cultivation; the water quality is fresh in the middle and later culture periods, and the feed can be normally fed; and if the water quality is poor, feeding is carried out less or not; adjusting materials according to different growth stages, wherein the feeding amount is 1kg for every 20 ten thousand of shrimp seedlings when the shrimp seedlings just fall into the pond; determining daily bait feeding amount according to weight percentage of the shrimps with the growth of the shrimps, wherein the weight percentage of young shrimps (less than 3 g) is 7-9%; 5% -7% of medium shrimps (3-6 g); 3 to 5 percent of adult shrimps (more than 6 g);
(3) adjusting the aquaculture water body: and (3) regularly using the bacillus preparation to adjust water, regularly using the lactic acid bacteria, and adjusting the intestinal ecological flora of the prawns.
2. The scientific feeding method for penaeus vannamei boone according to the claim 1, wherein the disinfectant in the step (1) is quicklime or sodium hypochlorite.
3. The scientific feeding method for penaeus vannamei boone according to the claim 1, wherein the natural animal bait in the step (2) is one or more of squid, mysidacea, trash fish and shellfish.
4. The scientific feeding method for penaeus vannamei boone according to the claim 1, wherein the feed additive ingredients in the step (2) comprise allicin, polysaccharide, vitamin D3, bacillus subtilis and lactic acid bacteria.
5. The scientific feeding method for penaeus vannamei boone according to the claim 1, wherein the ratio of the specific time of the prawn culture period in the step (2) to the daily fed feed weight is 6: 00, proportion 30%; 11: 00, proportion 15%; 17: 00, proportion 35%; 20: 00, proportion 20%.
6. The scientific feeding method for Penaeus vannamei Boone according to claim 1, wherein the polymer mesh of step (2) is 3-4 mesh cells with a size of 1.0 square meter.
7. The scientific feeding method of Penaeus vannamei Boone according to claim 1, wherein the Bacillus preparation in step (3) is applied once a half month, the effective viable count is 20 hundred million/g, and the application dosage is 0.5g/m3。
8. The scientific feeding method for penaeus vannamei boone according to claim 1, characterized in that the lactic acid bacteria in the step (3) are used once a week, the lactic acid bacteria are diluted by more than 50 times of pond water and then uniformly sprinkled in the whole pond, the lactic acid bacteria preparation is used by more than 100 g per mu of water surface according to the water depth of 1 meter, and the effective viable count is 50 hundred million/g.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112772497A (en) * | 2021-02-07 | 2021-05-11 | 汇泰渤海水产有限责任公司 | Processing method of organic quick-frozen shrimps |
| CN113287557A (en) * | 2021-06-24 | 2021-08-24 | 上海海洋大学 | Method for feeding bait based on audio frequency characteristics of penaeus vannamei boone |
| CN113317249A (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2021-08-31 | 渤海水产育种(海南)有限公司 | Breeding method for reducing diseases of seed shrimps |
-
2019
- 2019-11-30 CN CN201911207845.7A patent/CN110786278A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112772497A (en) * | 2021-02-07 | 2021-05-11 | 汇泰渤海水产有限责任公司 | Processing method of organic quick-frozen shrimps |
| CN113287557A (en) * | 2021-06-24 | 2021-08-24 | 上海海洋大学 | Method for feeding bait based on audio frequency characteristics of penaeus vannamei boone |
| CN113317249A (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2021-08-31 | 渤海水产育种(海南)有限公司 | Breeding method for reducing diseases of seed shrimps |
| CN113317249B (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2023-01-17 | 渤海水产育种(海南)有限公司 | Breeding method for reducing diseases of seed shrimps |
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