CN111543363A - Method for breeding and raising seedlings of red swamp crayfish - Google Patents
Method for breeding and raising seedlings of red swamp crayfish Download PDFInfo
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- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 claims abstract description 201
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 33
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for breeding and raising seedlings of red swamp crayfish, which comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a breeding pond; (2) selecting parent shrimps; (3) breeding parent shrimps; (4) pairing parent shrimps; (5) cultivating fertilized eggs; (6) hatching management; (7) the shrimp larvae are marked to be coarse. The invention provides a breeding and seedling method of the red swamp crayfish by constructing breeding facilities of a breeding pond, a mating pond, an incubation pond and a rough labeling pond, so that the egg laying rate of the red swamp crayfish is more than 70%, the survival rate of the shrimp larvae is more than 80%, the shrimp larvae yield is more than 200% of the existing technology, and the method has obvious economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a breeding and seedling method of red swamp crayfish.
Background
The original place of red crayfish (Latin name: Cheraxquadriacanatus) is northern Australia, and is a large species of freshwater shrimp, also called Australia freshwater lobster. Belongs to the crustacea, the order decapod, the family of the Pachyrhizidae and the genus of the Metarhizium in classification. The color of the lobster changes along with the change of the inhabiting environment, generally is blue-green or brown-green, the top end of the outer side of the crayfish is provided with a membranous fresh red zone which is beautiful and the appearance of the crayfish is exactly like the lobster in seawater, so the crayfish is named as red crayfish. The shrimp has the characteristics of eating impurities, fast growth, high yield, strong adaptability, strong disease resistance and the like, and has tender meat, delicious taste and high edible rate, so the shrimp has very high economic value and wide culture prospect. At present, a large-scale aquaculture industry is formed in Australia, the shrimps are introduced in the United states for research and aquaculture production in 1985, and the shrimps are cultivated in Japan, New Zealand, south Africa, China and other countries. Since 1992, China introduced the shrimp and has been successfully cultivated in Jiangsu, Guangdong, Zhejiang and Fujian areas to form a certain yield. The shrimp breeding is still in the beginning stage in China, and is another rare economic shrimp species introduced after the macrobrachium rosenbergii in China. With the rapid development of intensive and high-density shrimp farming in China, the demand for shrimp seedlings is increased too fast, and the existing seedling raising system and method cannot keep up with the increase of the demand.
At present, the traditional breeding method of the red swamp crayfish in China is that after the breeding in the wintering period, the gonad of the parent crayfish is mature, and when the water temperature is appropriate, the male and female crayfish are placed into a spawning pond for natural mating and spawning. The young shrimps are formed after 30 to 40 days of cultivation period of the egg-carrying shrimps under certain conditions. But the prior art still has the disadvantages that the seedlings of the red crayfish are delayed to emerge and are greatly influenced by the environment, the fertility rate and the number of the brooding eggs are small, and the breeding rate of the shrimps is low; secondly, the spawning and fertilization time of the shrimps is inconsistent, and the specification difference of the larvae is large; thirdly, the problem that the parent shrimp pinches the shrimp seedlings is serious due to unscientific seedling separation, and finally the quantity of high-quality seedlings is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for breeding and raising seedlings of red swamp crayfish, which can effectively improve the egg-laying quantity, the hatchability and the survival rate of shrimp fries of female crayfish, shorten the seedling emergence time, increase the supply of high-quality fries and solve the problems of low breeding rate and insufficient supply of the fries in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the method for breeding and raising the seedlings of the red swamp crayfish comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting parent shrimps: selecting robust red swamp crayfish as parent, wherein the age of the crayfish is 8 months, the weight of the male crayfish is 75-100 g, the weight of the female crayfish is 50-75 g, the appendage is complete, the body is robust, the body surface is clean, no trauma or parasite exists, and no virus is carried;
(2) parent shrimp cultivation: firstly, performing ventilation adaptation on selected parent shrimps, separating male shrimps and female shrimps after medicinal bath disinfection, respectively putting the male shrimps and the female shrimps into different culture ponds, and feeding nutrient materials after stocking the parent shrimps; the nutrient material is prepared from commercial feed and artificial mixed feed, wherein the artificial mixed feed is prepared from the following components in parts by weight of 1: 1: 1: 1: 1, mixing and stirring the small fish, the shellfish, the pumpkin powder, the bean pulp and the carrot; the nutrition of parent shrimps has important influence on the development and fertilization of gonads, the egg holding amount of female shrimps and the size of egg granules;
(3) pairing parent shrimps: the parent shrimps are mixed according to the male-female ratio of 1: 2.5 are put into a mating pool with the putting density of 20-25 tails/m2And hastening parturition;
(4) fertilized egg cultivation: after natural mating of the parent shrimps, completing fertilization within 24 hours, wherein fertilized eggs are dark green and are wrapped on the abdomen of the female shrimps until hatching; during the cultivation period, the egg laying condition of female shrimps in the mating pond is regularly observed, and the female shrimps are respectively placed into corresponding hatching ponds according to the development stages of the fertilized eggs;
(5) hatching management: cleaning the ovigerous shrimps in the mating pool at regular time, putting the ovigerous shrimps into an incubation pool after environment adjustment, after the ovigerous shrimps are cultured in the incubation pool for 30-40 days, separating shrimp larvae from parent bodies, enabling the shrimp larvae to fall into a movable net cage at the lower layer of the incubation pool through a grid plate in the incubation pool, moving the successfully incubated female shrimps out of the incubation pool, and transferring the female shrimps back to the incubation pool for next round of fry breeding;
(6) marking the shrimp larvae to be coarse: after the young shrimps are hatched and leave the parent, the shrimp seedlings are transferred to a standard thick pond, and the young shrimps are subjected to intensive cultivation for 12-15 days to reach 1.2-1.5 cm and can be sold.
Preferably, in the step (2), the medicinal bath disinfection is to soak the parent shrimps in the tea seed meal leaching solution for 10-15 minutes; wherein, the tea seed cake leaching solution is prepared by putting tea seed cake into water body, and the concentration of the tea seed cake is 10-20 mg/L.
Preferably, in the step (2), feeding the nutrient materials is divided into two times, and the time is 8: 00-10: 00 and 16: 00-18: 00, the daily feeding amount is 2% -5% of the weight of the parent shrimps, the ratio of the morning and evening feeding amount is 2: 8.
preferably, in the step (3), after the induced spawning is stimulated for 6 hours by using seawater with the salinity of 2 per mill, the seawater is discharged and is changed into fresh water.
Preferably, in the step (5), the aperture of the grid plate is 1 cm-2 cm.
Preferably, the water quality indexes in the cultivation pool, the mating pool, the hatching pool and the standard coarse pool are as follows: the pH value is 7.0-8.0, the dissolved oxygen is kept above 4mg/L, the water temperature is kept at 26-30 ℃, the ammonia nitrogen is less than or equal to 0.5mg/L, and the total hardness is 100-200 mmol/L; changing water 1-2 times every week, and keeping the water level at 30-40 cm; every pond all sets up water inlet and delivery port, and water inlet and delivery port are located the both sides in pond, and the water inlet sets up 80 mesh gauze, prevent that big particulate matter or harmful organism from getting into the pond.
Preferably, a micropore aerator is adopted in the cultivation pool, the mating pool, the hatching pool and the rough marking pool for oxygenation.
Preferably, in the step (6), the cultivation density in the coarse marking pool is 300 tails/m2。
Preferably, in the step (6), the whole standard coarse pool is periodically sprayed with EM bacteria, so that good bacterial phases in the water body are kept; and calcium lime or duricrust essence is splashed periodically every week to increase the water hardness, so that smooth shelling of shrimp larvae is guaranteed.
Preferably, in the step (6), the bait feeding is divided into two times, the bait adopts an initial feed of the compound feed for the penaeus monodon, and the feeding time is 8: 00-10: 00 in the afternoon, 16: 00-18: 00; the daily feeding amount is 4-8% of the weight of the shrimp larvae, the ratio of the morning feeding amount to the evening feeding amount is 2: 8.
the whole shrimp larva breeding site facility comprises a breeding pond, a mating pond, an incubation pond and a rough marking pond. The breeding pond is used for breeding parent shrimps, the mating pond is used for completing the fertilization process of the parent shrimps, the hatching pond is used for incubating the egg-carrying shrimps and is divided into an upper part and a lower part, the middle part is separated by a reticular plate with the aperture of 1 cm-2 cm, the bottom is provided with a movable net cage, the upper part is an egg-carrying shrimp moving layer, and the lower part is a shrimp larva moving layer; the coarse marking pool is used for cultivating the hatched young seedlings, and the cultivation pool is disinfected and the environmental conditions in the cultivation pool are adjusted before the seedlings are cultivated.
The breeding and seedling method of the red swamp crayfish has the following beneficial effects:
(1) in the invention, the male shrimp and the female shrimp are separately cultured in the parent shrimp culturing stage, which is beneficial to the gonad development of the parent shrimp, and in the mating stage of the parent shrimp, the male and female parent shrimps are separated by a separating device 1: 2.5 are mixed and put into a mating pool, so that the egg-laying rate is improved.
(2) The egg-carrying shrimps are separated for incubation, and the incubation pool adopts a mesh plate design to separate parent shrimps and shrimp larvae, so that the parent shrimps are effectively prevented from eating the shrimp larvae by using the parent shrimp forceps, and the survival rate of the shrimp larvae is ensured.
(3) By constructing breeding facilities of a breeding pond, a mating pond, an incubation pond and a standard rough pond, the egg-holding rate can reach more than 70%, the survival rate of the fries reaches more than 80%, the yield of the shrimp fries is more than 200% of that of the existing technology, and the method has remarkable economic benefit.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The method for breeding and raising the seedlings of the red swamp crayfish comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of a breeding pond: the device is provided with a breeding pond, a mating pond, an incubation pond and a rough labeling pond breeding facility, a layered structure is arranged in the incubation pond and divided into an upper part and a lower part, and the middle part is separated by a reticular plate with the aperture of 1.5 cm. The oxygen increasing facility of the breeding pond adopts a micropore oxygen increasing machine to increase oxygen. Setting water quality conditions of a breeding pond, wherein the water quality pH value in the breeding pond is 7.0-8.0, dissolved oxygen is kept above 4mg/L, the water temperature is kept at 26-30 ℃, ammonia nitrogen is less than or equal to 0.5mg/L, and the total hardness is 100-200 mmol/L. Changing water 2 times every week, keeping the water level at about 40cm, arranging a water inlet and a water outlet in the breeding pond, wherein the water inlet and the water outlet are positioned at two sides of the breeding pond. The water inlet is provided with a gauze with 80 meshes to prevent large particles or harmful organisms from entering the breeding pool.
The cultivation pool is arranged in an outdoor greenhouse; the mating pool, the hatching pool and the standard coarse pool are built by adopting square canvas pools and are built in a sunshade greenhouse, the greenhouse adopts a conventional agricultural steel frame plastic greenhouse, and a shading film and a black shading net are covered on the greenhouse.
(2) Selecting parent shrimps: the method is characterized by selecting robust red swamp crayfish as parent, wherein the age of the red swamp crayfish is 8 months old, the weight of the male crayfish is 75-100 g, the weight of the female crayfish is 50-75 g, the appendage is complete, the body is robust, the body surface is clean, no trauma or parasite exists, and no virus is carried.
(3) Parent shrimp cultivation: firstly, performing ventilation adaptation on selected parent shrimps, sterilizing the parent shrimps by medicated bath, soaking the parent shrimps in 10mg/L tea meal leachate for 15 minutes, separating male shrimps and female shrimps, respectively putting the male shrimps and the female shrimps into different cultivation ponds, and feeding nutrient materials after stocking the parent shrimps; wherein the nutrient material is prepared from prawn compound feed and artificial mixed feed, and the artificial mixed feed is prepared from the following components in parts by weight of 1: 1: 1: 1: 1, mixing and stirring the small fish, the shellfish, the pumpkin powder, the bean pulp and the carrot; feeding is divided into two times a day, the time is 9 am and 6 pm. The daily feeding amount is 4% of the weight of the parent shrimps, and the morning and evening feeding amount accounts for 2: 8. the water quality in the culture pond is pH7.0, the dissolved oxygen is kept above 4mg/L, the water temperature is kept at 28 ℃, the ammonia nitrogen is less than or equal to 0.5mg/L, the total hardness is 100-200 mmol/L, the water is changed for 2 times every week, and the water level is kept at 35 cm.
(4) Pairing parent shrimps: the parent shrimps are mixed according to the male-female ratio of 1: 2.5 are put into a mating pool with the putting density of 20 tails/m2And hastening parturition. The oxytocic method uses seawater with salinity of 2 per mill to stimulate for 6 hours, then discharges the seawater and changes it into fresh water. Enhancing the water quality management in the mating pool, wherein the water quality is pH7.5, the dissolved oxygen is kept above 4mg/L, the water temperature is kept at 28 ℃, the ammonia nitrogen is less than or equal to 0.5mg/L, and the total hardness is between 100 and 200 mmol/L.
(5) Fertilized egg cultivation: after natural mating of the parent shrimps, fertilization is completed within 24 hours, and the fertilized eggs are dark green and are wrapped on the abdomen of the female shrimps until hatching. During the cultivation period, the egg laying condition of the female shrimps in the cultivation pool is regularly observed, and the female shrimps are respectively placed into the corresponding hatching pools according to the development stages of the fertilized eggs.
(6) Hatching management: cleaning the ovigerous shrimps in the mating pond at a fixed point, setting the environment in the hatching pond, keeping the water quality pH8.0 in the hatching pond, keeping the dissolved oxygen at more than 4mg/L, keeping the water temperature at 27 ℃, keeping the ammonia nitrogen at less than or equal to 0.5mg/L, keeping the total hardness between 100 and 200mmol/L, changing water for 2 times every week, and keeping the water level at 38 cm; after culturing for 35 days, the successfully hatched young shrimps are screened out from the grid plates, the shrimp seedlings automatically fall into the movable net cage at the lower layer, the successfully hatched female shrimps are moved out of the hatching pool and are transferred back to the culturing pool for next round of fry breeding.
(7) Marking the shrimp larvae to be coarse: after the young shrimps are hatched and leave the parent, the shrimp seedlings are transferred to a standard coarse pond, and water quality management and feeding management are well performed in the cultivation period. The density during cultivation is 300 tails/m2The water quality is pH7.5, the dissolved oxygen is kept above 4mg/L, the water temperature is kept at 30 ℃, the ammonia nitrogen is less than or equal to 0.5mg/L, and the total hardness is 100-200 mmol/L. Periodically, EM bacteria are splashed in the whole pool every week, and good bacterial phase in the water body is kept. Regularly splashing the crust element every week to increase the water hardness and ensure the smooth molting of the shrimp larvae. The bait adopts an initial feed of the compound feed for the penaeus monodon, and the bait feeding is divided into two times, wherein the time is 9 am and 6 pm. The daily feeding amount is about 8 percent of the weight of the shrimp larvae, and the ratio of the morning feeding amount to the evening feeding amount is 2: 8. after 12 days of intensive cultivation, the average length of the young shrimps can reach 1.2 cm.
Example 2
The method for breeding and raising the seedlings of the red swamp crayfish comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of a breeding pond: the device is provided with a breeding pond, a mating pond, an incubation pond and a standard thick pond breeding facility, a layered structure is arranged in the incubation pond and divided into an upper part and a lower part, and the middle part is separated by a reticular plate with the aperture of 2 cm. The oxygen increasing facility of the breeding pond adopts a micropore oxygen increasing machine to increase oxygen. Setting water quality conditions of a breeding pond, wherein the water quality pH value in the breeding pond is 7.0-8.0, dissolved oxygen is kept above 4mg/L, the water temperature is kept at 26-30 ℃, ammonia nitrogen is less than or equal to 0.5mg/L, and the total hardness is 100-200 mmol/L. Changing water 2 times every week, keeping the water level at about 40cm, arranging a water inlet and a water outlet in the breeding pond, wherein the water inlet and the water outlet are positioned at two sides of the breeding pond. The water inlet is provided with a gauze with 80 meshes to prevent large particles or harmful organisms from entering the breeding pool.
The cultivation pool is arranged in an outdoor greenhouse; the mating pool, the hatching pool and the standard coarse pool are built by adopting square canvas pools and are built in a sunshade greenhouse, the greenhouse adopts a conventional agricultural steel frame plastic greenhouse, and a shading film and a black shading net are covered on the greenhouse.
(2) Selecting parent shrimps: the method is characterized by selecting robust red swamp crayfish as parent, wherein the age of the red swamp crayfish is 8 months old, the weight of the male crayfish is 75-100 g, the weight of the female crayfish is 50-75 g, the appendage is complete, the body is robust, the body surface is clean, no trauma or parasite exists, and no virus is carried.
(3) Parent shrimp cultivation: firstly, performing ventilation adaptation on selected parent shrimps, sterilizing the parent shrimps by medicated bath, soaking the parent shrimps in 15mg/L tea meal leachate for 10 minutes, separating male shrimps and female shrimps, respectively putting the male shrimps and the female shrimps into different cultivation ponds, and feeding nutrient materials after stocking the parent shrimps; wherein the nutrient material is prepared from prawn compound feed and artificial mixed feed, and the artificial mixed feed is prepared from the following components in parts by weight of 1: 1: 1: 1: 1, mixing and stirring the small fish, the shellfish, the pumpkin powder, the bean pulp and the carrot; feeding is divided into two times a day, the time is 9 am and 6 pm. The daily feeding amount is 5 percent of the weight of the parent shrimps, the ratio of the morning and evening feeding amount is 2: 8. the water quality in the culture pond is pH8.0, the dissolved oxygen is kept above 4mg/L, the water temperature is kept at 26 ℃, the ammonia nitrogen is less than or equal to 0.5mg/L, the total hardness is 100-200 mmol/L, the water is changed for 2 times every week, and the water level is kept at 30 cm.
(4) Pairing parent shrimps: the parent shrimps are mixed according to the male-female ratio of 1: 2.5 are put into a mating pool with the putting density of 25 tails/m2And hastening parturition. The oxytocic method uses seawater with salinity of 2 per mill to stimulate for 6 hours, then discharges the seawater and changes it into fresh water. Enhancing the water quality management in the mating pool, wherein the water quality is pH7.0, the dissolved oxygen is kept above 4mg/L, the water temperature is kept at 28 ℃, the ammonia nitrogen is less than or equal to 0.5mg/L, and the total hardness is 100-200 mmol/L.
(5) Fertilized egg cultivation: after natural mating of the parent shrimps, fertilization is completed within 24 hours, and the fertilized eggs are dark green and are wrapped on the abdomen of the female shrimps until hatching. During the cultivation period, the egg laying condition of the female shrimps in the cultivation pool is regularly observed, and the female shrimps are respectively placed into the corresponding hatching pools according to the development stages of the fertilized eggs.
(6) Hatching management: cleaning the ovigerous shrimps in the mating pond at a fixed point, setting the environment in the hatching pond, keeping the water quality in the hatching pond at pH8.0, keeping the dissolved oxygen at more than 4mg/L, keeping the water temperature at 27 ℃, keeping the ammonia nitrogen at less than or equal to 0.5mg/L, keeping the total hardness between 100 and 200mmol/L, changing water for 2 times every week, and keeping the water level at 40 cm; after culturing for 35 days, the successfully hatched young shrimps are screened out from the grid plates, the shrimp seedlings automatically fall into the movable net cage at the lower layer, the successfully hatched female shrimps are moved out of the hatching pool and are transferred back to the culturing pool for next round of fry breeding.
(7) Marking the shrimp larvae to be coarse: after the young shrimps are hatched and leave the parent, the shrimp seedlings are transferred to a standard coarse pond, and water quality management and feeding management are well performed in the cultivation period. The density during cultivation is 300 tails/m2The water quality is pH7.5, the dissolved oxygen is kept above 4mg/L, the water temperature is kept at 28 ℃, the ammonia nitrogen is less than or equal to 0.5mg/L, and the total hardness is 100-200 mmol/L. Periodically, EM bacteria are splashed in the whole pool every week, and good bacterial phase in the water body is kept. Regularly splashing the crust element every week to increase the water hardness and ensure the smooth molting of the shrimp larvae. The bait adopts an initial feed of the compound feed for the penaeus monodon, and the bait feeding is divided into two times, wherein the time is 9 am and 6 pm. The daily feeding amount is about 8 percent of the weight of the shrimp larvae, and the ratio of the morning feeding amount to the evening feeding amount is 2: 8. after 15 days of intensive cultivation, the average length of the young shrimps can reach 1.5 cm.
Example 3
The method for breeding and raising the seedlings of the red swamp crayfish comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of a breeding pond: the device is provided with a breeding pond, a mating pond, an incubation pond and a rough labeling pond breeding facility, a layered structure is arranged in the incubation pond and divided into an upper part and a lower part, and the middle part is separated by a reticular plate with the aperture of 1 cm. The oxygen increasing facility of the breeding pond adopts a micropore oxygen increasing machine to increase oxygen. Setting water quality conditions of a breeding pond, wherein the water quality pH value in the breeding pond is 7.0-8.0, dissolved oxygen is kept above 4mg/L, the water temperature is kept at 26-30 ℃, ammonia nitrogen is less than or equal to 0.5mg/L, and the total hardness is 100-200 mmol/L. Changing water 2 times every week, keeping the water level at about 40cm, arranging a water inlet and a water outlet in the breeding pond, wherein the water inlet and the water outlet are positioned at two sides of the breeding pond. The water inlet is provided with a gauze with 80 meshes to prevent large particles or harmful organisms from entering the breeding pool.
The cultivation pool is arranged in an outdoor greenhouse; the mating pool, the hatching pool and the standard coarse pool are built by adopting square canvas pools and are built in a sunshade greenhouse, the greenhouse adopts a conventional agricultural steel frame plastic greenhouse, and a shading film and a black shading net are covered on the greenhouse.
(2) Selecting parent shrimps: the method is characterized by selecting robust red swamp crayfish as parent, wherein the age of the red swamp crayfish is 8 months old, the weight of the male crayfish is 75-100 g, the weight of the female crayfish is 50-75 g, the appendage is complete, the body is robust, the body surface is clean, no trauma or parasite exists, and no virus is carried.
(3) Parent shrimp cultivation: firstly, performing ventilation adaptation on selected parent shrimps, sterilizing the parent shrimps by medicated bath, soaking the parent shrimps in 20mg/L tea seed cake leaching solution for 15 minutes, separating male shrimps and female shrimps, respectively putting the male shrimps and the female shrimps into different cultivation ponds, and feeding nutrient materials after stocking the parent shrimps; wherein the nutrient material is prepared from prawn compound feed and artificial mixed feed, and the artificial mixed feed is prepared from the following components in parts by weight of 1: 1: 1: 1: 1, mixing and stirring the small fish, the shellfish, the pumpkin powder, the bean pulp and the carrot; feeding is divided into two times a day, the time is 10 am and 5 pm. The daily feeding amount is 2 percent of the weight of the parent shrimps, the ratio of the morning and evening feeding amount is 2: 8. the water quality in the culture pond is pH7.0, the dissolved oxygen is kept above 4mg/L, the water temperature is kept at 28 ℃, the ammonia nitrogen is less than or equal to 0.5mg/L, the total hardness is 100-200 mmol/L, the water is changed for 2 times every week, and the water level is kept at 30 cm.
(4) Pairing parent shrimps: the parent shrimps are mixed according to the male-female ratio of 1: 2.5 are put into a mating pool with the putting density of 22 tails/m2And hastening parturition. The oxytocic method uses seawater with salinity of 2 per mill to stimulate for 6 hours, then discharges the seawater and changes it into fresh water. Enhancing the water quality management in the mating pool, wherein the water quality is pH7.5, the dissolved oxygen is kept above 4mg/L, the water temperature is kept at 30 ℃, the ammonia nitrogen is less than or equal to 0.5mg/L, and the total hardness is between 100 and 200 mmol/L.
(5) Fertilized egg cultivation: after natural mating of the parent shrimps, fertilization is completed within 24 hours, and the fertilized eggs are dark green and are wrapped on the abdomen of the female shrimps until hatching. During the cultivation period, the egg laying condition of the female shrimps in the cultivation pool is regularly observed, and the female shrimps are respectively placed into the corresponding hatching pools according to the development stages of the fertilized eggs.
(6) Hatching management: cleaning the ovigerous shrimps in the mating pond at a fixed point, setting the environment in the hatching pond, keeping the water quality pH7.0 in the hatching pond, keeping the dissolved oxygen at more than 4mg/L, keeping the water temperature at 28 ℃, keeping the ammonia nitrogen at less than or equal to 0.5mg/L, keeping the total hardness between 100 and 200mmol/L, changing water for 2 times every week, and keeping the water level at 38 cm; after 40 days of cultivation, the successfully hatched young shrimps are screened out from the grid plates, the shrimp seedlings automatically fall into the movable net cage at the lower layer, the successfully hatched female shrimps are moved out of the hatching pond and are transferred back to the cultivation pond for the next round of fry breeding.
(7) Marking the shrimp larvae to be coarse: after the young shrimps are hatched and leave the parent, the shrimp seedlings are transferred to a standard coarse pond, and water quality management and feeding management are well performed in the cultivation period. The density during cultivation is 300 tails/m2The water quality is pH7.5, the dissolved oxygen is kept above 4mg/L, the water temperature is kept at 30 ℃, the ammonia nitrogen is less than or equal to 0.5mg/L, and the total hardness is 100-200 mmol/L. Periodically, EM bacteria are splashed in the whole pool every week, and good bacterial phase in the water body is kept. Regularly splashing the crust element every week to increase the water hardness and ensure the smooth molting of the shrimp larvae. The bait adopts an initial feed of the compound feed for the penaeus monodon, and the bait feeding is divided into two times, wherein the time is 8 am and 4 pm. The daily feeding amount is about 4 percent of the weight of the shrimp larvae, and the ratio of the morning feeding amount to the evening feeding amount is 2: 8. after intensive cultivation for 13 days, the average length of the young shrimps can reach 1.3 cm.
Control group: the red swamp crayfish is bred by a traditional breeding method in the wintering period, after the gonad of the parent crayfish is mature, the male and female crayfish are placed into a spawning pond for natural mating and spawning when the water temperature is proper. The young shrimps are formed after 30 to 40 days of cultivation period of the egg-carrying shrimps under certain conditions. The data of the spawning rate, survival rate and yield of the three examples of the invention and the control group are shown in a table I.
Watch 1
| Item | Number of egg-laying shrimps | Egg-laying rate (%) | Survival rate (%) | Yield (Wan tailed) |
| Example 1 | 382 | 76.4 | 83.4 | 6.3 |
| Example 2 | 376 | 75.2 | 86.1 | 6.8 |
| Example 3 | 373 | 74.6 | 81.4 | 6.5 |
| Control group | 320 | 64.0 | 68.4 | 3.2 |
As can be seen from the statistical results in the table I, the breeding and seedling method of the red swamp crayfish has the advantages that the egg-laying rate can reach more than 70%, the survival rate of the fry reaches more than 80%, and the yield of the fry is more than 200% of that of the existing technology.
The situation of the egg-laying rate of the male and female parent shrimps after being mixed in different proportions and placed in a mating pool:
the test was carried out according to the procedure of example 1 of the present invention, in the mating stage of the parent shrimps, by passing male and female parent shrimps 1: 2.5, 1: 1. 1: 3, the results of the different male and female ratios on the laying rate of the red crayfish are shown in the second table:
results of influence of different male and female proportions on egg laying rate of red swamp crayfish
| Male to female ratio | Number of egg-laying shrimps | Number of female shrimps | Egg-laying rate (%) |
| 1：2.5 | 380 | 500 | 76.0 |
| 1：1 | 320 | 450 | 71.1 |
| 1：3 | 298 | 400 | 74.5 |
The statistical results from table two show that: in the invention, the male shrimp and the female shrimp are separately cultured in the parent shrimp culturing stage, which is beneficial to the gonad development of the parent shrimp, and in the mating stage of the parent shrimp, the male and female parent shrimps are separated by a separating device 1: 2.5 are mixed and put into a mating pool, so that the egg-laying rate is improved.
The above disclosure is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, therefore, the present invention is not limited by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for breeding and raising seedlings of red swamp crayfish is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting parent shrimps: selecting robust red swamp crayfish as parent, wherein the age of the crayfish is 8 months, the weight of the male crayfish is 75-100 g, the weight of the female crayfish is 50-75 g, the appendage is complete, the body is robust, the body surface is clean, no trauma or parasite exists, and no virus is carried;
(2) parent shrimp cultivation: firstly, performing ventilation adaptation on selected parent shrimps, separating male shrimps and female shrimps after medicinal bath disinfection, respectively putting the male shrimps and the female shrimps into different culture ponds, and feeding nutrient materials after stocking the parent shrimps; the nutrient material is prepared from commercial feed and artificial mixed feed, wherein the artificial mixed feed is prepared from the following components in parts by weight of 1: 1: 1: 1: 1, mixing and stirring the small fish, the shellfish, the pumpkin powder, the bean pulp and the carrot;
(3) pairing parent shrimps: the parent shrimps are mixed according to the male-female ratio of 1: 2.5 are put into a mating pool with the putting density of 20-25 tails/m2And hastening parturition;
(4) fertilized egg cultivation: after natural mating of the parent shrimps, completing fertilization within 24 hours, wherein fertilized eggs are dark green and are wrapped on the abdomen of the female shrimps until hatching; during the cultivation period, the egg laying condition of female shrimps in the mating pond is regularly observed, and the female shrimps are respectively placed into corresponding hatching ponds according to the development stages of the fertilized eggs;
(5) hatching management: cleaning the ovigerous shrimps in the mating pool at regular time, putting the ovigerous shrimps into an incubation pool after environment adjustment, after the ovigerous shrimps are cultured in the incubation pool for 30-40 days, separating shrimp larvae from parent bodies, enabling the shrimp larvae to fall into a movable net cage at the lower layer of the incubation pool through a grid plate in the incubation pool, moving the successfully incubated female shrimps out of the incubation pool, and transferring the female shrimps back to the incubation pool for next round of fry breeding;
(6) marking the shrimp larvae to be coarse: after the young shrimps are hatched and leave the parent, the shrimp seedlings are transferred to a standard thick pond, and the young shrimps are subjected to intensive cultivation for 12-15 days to reach 1.2-1.5 cm and can be sold.
2. The method for breeding and raising seedlings of red crayfish according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (2), the medicinal bath disinfection is to soak the parent shrimps in the tea seed meal leaching solution for 10-15 minutes; wherein, the tea seed cake leaching solution is prepared by putting tea seed cake into water body, and the concentration of the tea seed cake is 10-20 mg/L.
3. The method for breeding and raising seedlings of red crayfish according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (2), feeding the nutrient materials is divided into two times, wherein the time is 8: 00-10: 00 and 16: 00-18: 00, the daily feeding amount is 2% -5% of the weight of the parent shrimps, the ratio of the morning and evening feeding amount is 2: 8.
4. the method for breeding and raising seedlings of red crayfish according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (3), after the oxytocic is stimulated for 6 hours by using seawater with the salinity of 2 per mill, the seawater is discharged and is changed into fresh water.
5. The method for breeding and raising seedlings of red crayfish according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (5), the aperture of the grid plate is 1 cm-2 cm.
6. The method for breeding and raising the seedlings of the red crayfish according to claim 1, wherein the water quality indexes in the breeding pond, the mating pond, the hatching pond and the coarse marking pond are all as follows: the pH value is 7.0-8.0, the dissolved oxygen is kept above 4mg/L, the water temperature is kept at 26-30 ℃, the ammonia nitrogen is less than or equal to 0.5mg/L, and the total hardness is 100-200 mmol/L; changing water 1-2 times every week, and keeping the water level at 30-40 cm.
7. The method for breeding and raising seedlings of red crayfish according to claim 1, characterized in that: and a micropore aerator is adopted in the cultivation pool, the mating pool, the hatching pool and the coarse marking pool for oxygenation.
8. The method for breeding and raising seedlings of red crayfish according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (6), the cultivation density in the marking coarse pond is 300 tails/m2。
9. The method for breeding and raising seedlings of red crayfish according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (6), EM bacteria are regularly sprayed in the whole pool of the coarse marking pool, and good bacterial phases in the water body are kept; and calcium lime or duricrust essence is splashed periodically every week to increase the water hardness, so that smooth shelling of shrimp larvae is guaranteed.
10. The method for breeding and raising seedlings of red crayfish according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (6), bait feeding is divided into two times, the bait adopts an initial feed of the compound feed for the penaeus monodon, and the feeding time is 8: 00-10: 00 in the afternoon, 16: 00-18: 00; the daily feeding amount is 4-8% of the weight of the shrimp larvae, the ratio of the morning feeding amount to the evening feeding amount is 2: 8.
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| CN114287371A (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2022-04-08 | 海南稻虾生态科技股份有限公司 | Method for breeding hatching seedlings of crayfishes in tropical high-temperature area |
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| CN114793964A (en) * | 2022-03-07 | 2022-07-29 | 江苏中水东泽农业发展股份有限公司 | In-vitro hatching system and method for red swamp crayfish |
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Application publication date: 20200818 |