CN110695055A - Red mud cracking treatment method - Google Patents
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- CN110695055A CN110695055A CN201910997153.0A CN201910997153A CN110695055A CN 110695055 A CN110695055 A CN 110695055A CN 201910997153 A CN201910997153 A CN 201910997153A CN 110695055 A CN110695055 A CN 110695055A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 106
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007885 magnetic separation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron hydrate Chemical compound O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Plasma Technology (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a red mud cracking treatment method, which relates to the technical field of harmless treatment of solid wastes and comprises the following steps: putting the red mud into a feed pretreatment device, dividing the red mud into more than two parts, respectively inputting the two parts into more than two columns, and heating the red mud to evaporate and crack the red mud while conveying the materials by a screw propeller of the feed pretreatment device; the feeding pretreatment device outputs the material from an outlet of the feeding pretreatment device to the high-temperature plasma melting device; the high-temperature plasma melting device carries out high-temperature plasma torch melting on the input materials, and the materials are converted into vitreous waste residues and CO2CO and H2The synthesis gas of (2). The invention has the advantage of high harmless treatment degree.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of harmless treatment of solid wastes, in particular to a red mud cracking treatment method.
Background
The red mud is polluting waste residue discharged when aluminum oxide is extracted in the aluminum industry, and generally 1.0-2.0 tons of red mud are additionally generated when 1 ton of aluminum oxide is produced on average. China, as the 4 th alumina producing country in the world, discharges up to millions of tons of red mud every year. A large amount of red mud cannot be fully and effectively utilized, and only depends on a large-area yard, thereby occupying a large amount of land and causing serious pollution to the environment. The red mud produced in the world is about 7000 million tons, and the red mud produced in China is more than 3000 million tons every year. The production of a large amount of red mud has caused direct and indirect influences on the production and life of human beings in many aspects, so the yield and the harm of the red mud are reduced to the maximum extent, and the realization of multi-channel and large-quantity resource utilization is urgent.
In order to solve the problem, people try to extract iron in the red mud by using a blast furnace method, a magnetic separation method (including a superconducting magnetic separation method) or a flotation method so as to digest a large amount of piled red mud, but because the iron in the red mud exists in a state of deep ferric oxide, ferric salt and the like, the iron in the red mud cannot be extracted by the magnetic separation method (including the superconducting magnetic separation method), the gravity separation method or the flotation method; the blast furnace method, because of containing a large amount of aluminum, titanium and compounds thereof, not only prevents the gas-solid-liquid three-phase reaction in the blast furnace from proceeding, but also prevents the blast furnace from 'slagging'; although large amounts of calcium-containing compounds can be incorporated to solve the "stickiness" problem, they add significantly to the cost of production, are of little benefit, are of lost utility and are no longer used.
Therefore, the above-mentioned conventional red mud treatment apparatus obviously still has shortcomings and drawbacks in equipment structure, treatment method and use, and further improvement is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, in order to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks, embodiments of the present invention provide a red mud cracking treatment method with a high degree of harmless treatment.
Therefore, the red mud cracking treatment method provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
s101, putting the red mud into a feed pretreatment device, dividing the red mud into more than two parts, respectively inputting the two parts into more than two columns, and heating the red mud to evaporate and crack the red mud while conveying materials by a screw propeller of the feed pretreatment device;
s102, outputting the material to a high-temperature plasma melting device from an outlet of the feeding pretreatment device;
s103, carrying out high-temperature plasma torch melting on the input material by using a high-temperature plasma melting device, and converting the input material into vitreous waste residue and CO-containing waste residue2CO and H2The synthesis gas of (2).
Preferably, the step of dividing the column into two or more portions and inputting the two or more portions into the two or more columns in S101 includes:
the flow guide sheets are divided into more than two parts which are respectively input into more than two columns.
Preferably, the step of heating the red mud to evaporate and crack the red mud while the screw propeller of the feed pretreatment device conveys the material in S101 includes:
s101-1, starting an electric heating device of a second heating device arranged outside the wall of the column body to heat the column body;
s101-2, acquiring an environmental temperature value measured by a sixth temperature sensor arranged on the inner wall of the cylinder between the first heating device and the second heating device;
s101-3, judging whether the ambient temperature value is greater than or equal to a preset preheating temperature value or not;
s101-4, when the environmental temperature value is larger than or equal to the preset preheating temperature value, starting a screw propeller to convey materials into the high-temperature plasma melting device;
and S101-5, after the synthetic gas is output from the high-temperature plasma melting device, namely after the synthetic gas is introduced into the heating gas pipeline wound outside the pipe wall of the cylinder, closing the second heating device.
Preferably, the step of heating the red mud to evaporate and crack the red mud while the screw propeller of the feed pretreatment device conveys the material in S101 further comprises:
s101-6, acquiring a material temperature value measured by a sixth temperature sensor;
s101-7, judging whether the material temperature value is greater than or equal to a preset heated temperature value or not;
and S101-8, when the material temperature value is smaller than the preset heated temperature value, starting the electric heating device again to heat the material for the second time, and adjusting the output power of the electric heating device according to the material temperature value.
The technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention has the following advantages:
according to the red mud cracking treatment method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the first heating device and the second heating device are combined with the sixth temperature sensor, so that the heat of the synthesis gas is repeatedly utilized while the materials are preheated, the energy is saved, the primary heating evaporation and cracking degree of the materials is improved by secondary heating of the second heating device, the high-temperature plasma melting device is further subjected to high-temperature cracking treatment, and the harmless treatment degree is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a specific example of a red mud cracking treatment device in an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic sectional view of a specific example of the red mud cracking treatment apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart showing a specific example of a red mud cracking treatment method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view showing a specific example of the high-temperature plasma melting apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view showing another specific example of the high-temperature plasma melting apparatus according to the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of one specific example of a plasma torch generator in the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural view showing one specific example of the cathode fixing and shaft gas supply assembly in the embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals: 1-a feeding pretreatment device, 11-a screw propeller, 12-a first heating device, 13-a sixth temperature sensor, 14-a second heating device, 15-a helical blade, 16-a flow deflector, 17-an inlet, 18-an outlet, 2-a high-temperature plasma melting device, 21-a melting combustion chamber, 211-a plasma torch generator, 212-a first temperature sensor, 213-a slag discharge port, 22-an oxygen storage chamber, 221-a combustion-supporting gas inlet channel, 222-a second temperature sensor, 23-a feeding chamber, 231-a feeding channel, 232-a gas baffle, 233-a third temperature sensor, 234-a fourth temperature sensor, 24-an outlet range-increasing chamber, 241-a ventilation baffle, 242-a fifth temperature sensor, 243-syngas discharge port, 101-cathode electrode, 102-cathode stationary and shaft gas supply assembly, 103-intermediate electrode, 104-insulator, 105-anode electrode, 202, 204-inclined downward gas supply channel, 203-inclined upward gas supply channel, 1021-first step, 1022-second step, 1023-blind groove, 1024-third step.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In describing the present invention, it is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification, are intended to specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. The term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. The terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in the orientation or positional relationship indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be construed as limiting the invention. The terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. The terms "mounted," "connected," and "coupled" are to be construed broadly and may, for example, be fixedly coupled, detachably coupled, or integrally coupled; can be mechanically or electrically connected; the two elements may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or may be communicated with each other inside the two elements, or may be wirelessly connected or wired connected. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Examples
The embodiment provides a red mud cracking treatment method, as shown in fig. 3, including the following steps:
s101, putting the red mud into a feed pretreatment device, dividing the red mud into more than two parts, respectively inputting the two parts into more than two columns, preferably, dividing the red mud into more than two parts, respectively inputting the two parts into more than two columns by a flow deflector, and heating the red mud to evaporate and crack the red mud while conveying the materials by a screw propeller of the feed pretreatment device;
s102, outputting the material to a high-temperature plasma melting device from an outlet of the feeding pretreatment device;
s103, carrying out high-temperature plasma torch melting on the input material by using a high-temperature plasma melting device, and converting the input material into vitreous waste residue and CO-containing waste residue2CO and H2The synthesis gas of (2).
The red mud cracking treatment device, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, comprises:
the device comprises a feeding pretreatment device 1, wherein the lower part of a furnace body of the feeding pretreatment device 1 is divided into more than two columns, an inlet 17 for inputting red mud is positioned at the central position of the top of the furnace body, outlets 18 for outputting materials are respectively positioned at the central positions of the bottoms of the columns, the feeding pretreatment device 1 is used for heating the red mud to dry the red mud, and enabling components which are easy to evaporate and crack in the red mud to evaporate and crack, so that the obtained materials are output to a high-temperature plasma melting device 2 from the outlets 18 of the feeding pretreatment device 1; and
a high temperature plasma melting device 2 for inputtingThe material is melted by high-temperature plasma torch and converted into vitreous waste slag and CO2CO and H2The synthesis gas of (2).
Preferably, the feed pre-treatment device 1 comprises a screw propeller 11 and a first heating device 12;
the screw propeller 11 is connected and positioned in the column body and is used for spirally propelling the red mud input from the input port to the output port for output;
the first heating device 12 comprises a heating gas pipeline wound outside the wall of the cylinder, the input end of the heating gas pipeline is connected with the synthesis gas output end of the high-temperature plasma melting device 2 and used for introducing the synthesis gas output by the high-temperature plasma melting device 2 into the heating gas pipeline, the red mud conveyed through the first heating device 12 in the cylinder is heated by the heat of the synthesis gas, and the output end of the heating gas pipeline is connected with the gas output end of the feeding pretreatment device 1 and is output after combination. The red mud is pretreated by recycling the heat of the synthesis gas of the high-temperature plasma melting device 2, so that the energy is saved.
Preferably, the feed pre-treatment device 1 further comprises a sixth temperature sensor 13 and a second heating device 14;
the sixth temperature sensor 13 is arranged on the inner wall of the cylinder between the first heating device 12 and the second heating device 14 and is used for detecting the temperature of the transported materials;
the second heating device 14 comprises an electric heating device arranged outside the tube wall of the column body and is used for adjusting the output power of the electric heating device according to the temperature value measured by the sixth temperature sensor 13, heating the transported materials and improving the sufficiency of evaporation and cracking.
Preferably, the feed pretreatment device 1 further comprises a flow deflector 16, and the flow deflector 16 is installed below the inlet 17 and used for guiding the input red mud to be uniformly input into each column, so that the distribution uniformity is improved.
The working process of the feeding pretreatment device comprises the following steps:
red mud is input into the feed pretreatment device 1 from an input port, the red mud is divided into columns below, materials along with the propulsion of a screw propeller 11 sequentially pass through a first heating device 12, a sixth temperature sensor 13 and a second heating device 14, synthesis gas output from the high-temperature plasma melting device 2 is input into the first heating device 12, the heat of the synthesis gas is repeatedly utilized to realize the first-stage heating evaporation and cracking of the materials, the sixth temperature sensor 13 detects the temperature value of the materials flowing through, whether the materials completely react during the first-stage heating evaporation and cracking is judged according to the temperature value, if the judgment result is that the materials do not completely react, the second heating device 14 is started, the output power is controlled and adjusted according to the detected temperature of the sixth temperature sensor 13, the heating degree of the second heating device 14 to the materials is adjusted, thereby not only improving the full degree of evaporation and cracking of the heated materials, but also controlling the heating degree to save energy.
Preferably, the step of heating the red mud to evaporate and crack the red mud while the screw propeller of the feed pretreatment device conveys the material in step S101 includes:
s101-1, starting an electric heating device of a second heating device arranged outside the wall of the column body to heat the column body;
s101-2, acquiring an environmental temperature value measured by a sixth temperature sensor arranged on the inner wall of the cylinder between the first heating device and the second heating device;
s101-3, judging whether the ambient temperature value is greater than or equal to a preset preheating temperature value or not; the preset preheating temperature value can be set according to actual requirements;
s101-4, when the environmental temperature value is larger than or equal to the preset preheating temperature value, starting a screw propeller to convey materials into the high-temperature plasma melting device; when the environmental temperature value is smaller than the preset preheating temperature value, the current situation is continuously maintained;
and S101-5, after the synthetic gas is output from the high-temperature plasma melting device, namely after the synthetic gas is introduced into the heating gas pipeline wound outside the pipe wall of the cylinder, closing the second heating device. The materials are heated by recycling the heat of the synthesis gas after the synthesis gas is generated, and the materials are preheated by the second heating device before the synthesis gas is generated, so that the materials are heated, evaporated and cracked, the high-temperature plasma melting device is further subjected to high-temperature cracking treatment, and the harmless treatment degree is improved.
Preferably, the step of heating the red mud to evaporate and crack the red mud while the screw propeller of the feed pretreatment device conveys the material in step S101 further includes:
s101-6, acquiring a material temperature value measured by a sixth temperature sensor;
s101-7, judging whether the temperature value of the material is greater than or equal to a preset heated temperature value, wherein the material generally meets the evaporation and cracking requirements when the temperature value is preset, and the preset heated temperature value is set according to the components of the material;
s101-8, when the temperature value of the material is greater than or equal to the preset heated temperature value, directly outputting the material processed by the first heating device to a high-temperature plasma melting device; and when the material temperature value is smaller than the preset heated temperature value, the electric heating device is started again to carry out secondary heating on the material, and the output power of the electric heating device is adjusted according to the material temperature value.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 4, the high-temperature plasma melting apparatus 2 includes, in order from bottom to top: a melting combustion chamber 21, an oxygen storage chamber 22, a feeding chamber 23 and an outlet gas range increasing chamber 24;
a plasma torch generator 211 is obliquely arranged on the side wall of the melting combustion chamber 21, and a slag discharge port 213 is arranged at the bottom of the melting combustion chamber 21; preferably, the number of the plasma torch generators 211 is two or more, and the plasma torch generators are uniformly distributed on the side wall of the melting combustion chamber 21; preferably, the bottom plane of the melting furnace 21 is inclined toward the side of the slag discharge port 213 to facilitate the outflow of the vitreous waste slag from the slag discharge port 213;
a combustion-supporting gas inlet channel 221 is obliquely installed on the side wall of the oxygen storage chamber 22, a controllable valve is connected to the combustion-supporting gas inlet channel 221 and used for adjusting the opening and closing degree of the controllable valve according to the temperature change in the melting furnace cavity and the feeding quantity output by the feeding channel 231, so that the combustion-supporting gas input flow in the combustion-supporting gas inlet channel 221 is adjusted, the material combustion degree is controlled, and the temperature in the furnace cavity is kept constant; the cavity of the oxygen storage chamber 22 is a column with a large lower part and a small upper part so as to meet the requirement of large gas consumption at the lower part;
the side wall of the feeding chamber 23 is provided with a feeding channel 231 in an inclined manner, the feeding chamber 23 is communicated with the stirring and crushing device 1 through the feeding channel 231, the cavity of the feeding chamber 23 comprises a funnel-shaped upper part and a straight cylindrical lower part, more than two air isolating baffles 232 are obliquely and downwards installed on the side wall of the straight cylindrical lower part in a staggered manner, through holes for falling and outputting materials are formed between each air isolating baffle 232 and the side wall of the straight cylindrical lower part, the through holes on each air isolating baffle 232 are staggered and not communicated with each other, the staggered angle can be set according to actual requirements, the materials slide down along the air isolating baffles 232 and then fall down from the through holes to the next air isolating baffle 232, and the materials fall down in sequence until the materials are output to the oxygen storage chamber 22 and the melting combustion chamber 21; by arranging the gas-isolating baffle, the material falling into the melting combustion chamber can be prevented from rising, the material can be sufficiently melted and combusted every time, the melting thorough degree of the material is improved, and the harmless treatment degree is improved; the combustion-supporting gas output from the combustion-supporting gas inlet channel is prevented from rising by the blocking of the gas-isolating baffle plate, almost all the combustion-supporting gas can reach the melting combustion chamber, and the gas utilization rate is improved;
the side wall of the gas outlet range increasing chamber 24 is connected with a ventilation baffle 241, the top of the gas outlet range increasing chamber is provided with a synthetic gas outlet 243, the ventilation baffle 241 surrounds a spiral ventilation channel for upward transmission of the synthetic gas generated by melting combustion, and the synthetic gas is output from the synthetic gas outlet 243; the ventilation channel is formed by arranging the ventilation baffle, so that the airflow path of the synthesis gas in the cavity is prolonged, the cross section area of the channel is reduced, the gas can be output in a pressurized manner, and ash mixed in the synthesis gas can be effectively reduced by increasing the range, so that the ash can be precipitated and filtered in the ventilation channel; preferably, the ventilation channel is internally provided with a dust filtering device, so that particle impurities in the synthesis gas can be further filtered, and the quality of the output synthesis gas is improved.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 5, the high temperature plasma melting apparatus 2 further includes: a first temperature sensor 212, a second temperature sensor 222, a third temperature sensor 233, a fourth temperature sensor 234, and a fifth temperature sensor 242;
the first temperature sensor 212 is connected and positioned at the bottom of the melting combustion chamber 21, the second temperature sensor 222 is connected and positioned at the outlet of the combustion-supporting gas inlet channel 221, the third temperature sensor 234 is connected and positioned at the lower part of the inlet chamber 23, the fourth temperature sensor 234 is connected and positioned at the upper part of the inlet chamber 23, and the fifth temperature sensor 242 is connected and positioned at the outlet 243 of the synthesis gas and is used for monitoring the temperature value of the discharged synthesis gas; the number of the first temperature sensor 212, the second temperature sensor 222, the third temperature sensor 233, the fourth temperature sensor 234, and the fifth temperature sensor 242 is not limited to one, and two or more sensors may be provided at the respective positions to detect the temperature at the positions.
The working process of the high-temperature plasma melting device 2 comprises the following steps:
s1, starting the plasma torch generator 211, and preheating the cavity of the melting device for 10-30 min;
s2, obtaining a first temperature value of the first temperature sensor 212 and a second temperature value of the second temperature sensor 222, and determining whether the first temperature value is greater than a first preset value, preferably, the first preset value is 13000-30000 ℃, and whether the second temperature value is greater than a second preset value, preferably, the second preset value is 13000-30000 ℃, and the first preset value is greater than or equal to the second preset value;
s3, when the first temperature value is larger than the first preset value and the second temperature value is larger than the second preset value, the feeding channel 231 and the combustion-supporting gas inlet channel 221 are opened simultaneously, the feeding amount output by the feeding channel 231 and the air inflow output by the combustion-supporting gas inlet channel 221 are in a linear relation, and the opening and closing degree of the controllable valve is controlled and adjusted according to the feeding amount; when the first temperature value is less than or equal to a first preset value or the second temperature value is less than or equal to a second preset value, the current situation is maintained, the feeding channel 231 and the combustion-supporting gas inlet channel 221 are not started, and preheating is continued;
s4, monitoring the first temperature value and the second temperature value in real time, controlling the plasma torch generator 211 to increase the output power when the first temperature value is less than or equal to a first preset value, enabling the first temperature value to rapidly rise to exceed the first preset value, and then controlling the plasma torch generator 211 to reduce the output power to a normal working value; when the second temperature value is smaller than or equal to a second preset value, controlling a controllable valve of the combustion-supporting gas inlet channel 221 to increase the opening amount, increasing the flow of the output gas, enabling the second temperature value to rapidly rise to exceed the second preset value, and then controlling the controllable valve to reduce the opening amount to a normal working opening amount; thereby maintaining the constant temperature in the cavity, improving the full degree of melting combustion and improving the degree of harmlessness;
s5, acquiring a third temperature value of the third temperature sensor 233 and a fourth temperature value of the fourth temperature sensor 234, and calculating a difference between the third temperature value and the fourth temperature value;
and S6, judging whether the absolute value of the difference is greater than a third preset value, preferably, the third preset value is 50-500 ℃, when the absolute value of the difference is greater than the third preset value, the moisture content in the material is more or the original temperature is lower, the temperature in the cavity needs to be increased, controlling the plasma torch generator 211 to increase the output power, enabling the first temperature value to rapidly rise to exceed the first preset value, and then controlling the plasma torch generator 211 to reduce the output power to a normal working value.
As shown in fig. 6, the plasma torch generator includes:
the cathode 101 is connected with the upper part of the plasma torch generator and is connected with the negative pole of the power supply;
the cathode fixing and shaft gas supply assembly 102 is a cylinder with a hollow part, the cathode electrode is connected and positioned in the cylinder, the hollow part of the cylinder has a larger upper opening and a smaller lower opening and is used for providing a gas supply channel for supporting the cathode electrode 101 and providing axial shielding gas, and the axial shielding gas restrains the electric arc in a range near an axis so that the capacity of the plasma torch is more concentrated;
the anode electrode 105 is connected with the lower part of the plasma torch generator and is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply, and the hollow part of the anode electrode 105 is used for the injection output of the plasma torch; the cathode 101, anode 105 and intermediate 103 electrodes are water cooled.
The middle electrodes 103 are coaxially arranged and connected between the cathode fixing and shaft gas supply assembly 102 and the anode electrode 105, are of hollow structures, have flush inner side surfaces, and are respectively connected with the arc striking loop through a controllable switch;
an insulating member 104 connected between the two intermediate electrodes 103 and between the intermediate electrode and the anode electrode 105;
inclined downward gas supply channels 202, 204 provided between the upper surface of the intermediate electrode 103 and the lower surface of the cathode fixing and shaft gas supply assembly 102, between the upper surface of the intermediate electrode 103 and the lower surface of the insulator 104, and between the upper surface of the anode electrode 105 and the lower surface of the insulator 104, for providing an inclined downward direction shield gas, changing the distance between the arc starting point and the arc dropping point and changing the arc pulling force at the time of arc striking; preferably, the angle between the obliquely downward gas supply channel 202 and the horizontal direction is 45-80 °; and
an inclined upward gas supply passage 203 provided between the lower surface of the intermediate electrode 103 and the upper surface of the insulator 104 for supplying shield gas in an inclined upward direction, changing the distance between the starting point and the dropping point of the arc and changing the arc drag at the time of arc striking; preferably, the angle of the obliquely upward air supply channel 203 is 45 ° to 80 ° from the horizontal. Through setting up the downward air feed channel of slope and the upward air feed channel of slope, retrained the direction of protection gas air feed, improved the compression effect to the electric arc and made the distance between electric arc starting point and the drop point and the drag power of electric arc adjustable when striking the arc for plasma torch output has high power and adjustable advantage.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 7, a first step 1021 and a second step 1022 are sequentially arranged from top to bottom on the inner side surface of the cathode fixing and shaft air supply assembly 102, for gradually reducing the inner diameter of the cathode fixing and shaft air supply assembly 102, the cathode electrode is connected to the inner side surface below the second step 1022, a blind groove 1023 for passing axial shielding gas is uniformly formed at the junction with the cathode electrode along the direction of the cylindrical bus, a third step 1024 is arranged on the inner side surface below the junction of the cathode electrode for increasing the inner diameter of the cathode fixing and shaft air supply assembly 102, and the lower bottom surface of the cathode fixing and shaft air supply assembly 102 is a downward inclined surface with a high outside and a low inside. Axial protective gas flows in from a larger opening, passes through the first step 1021, the second step 1022 and the blind groove 1023, the cross-sectional area of the channel is reduced, the gas is compressed, the flowing speed of the gas is increased, the compression force of the high-speed flowing gas flow is enhanced to the electric arc, the cross-sectional area of the channel is slightly enlarged through the third step 1024, the gas flow is ensured to be uniformly distributed, but the total gas outflow speed is far higher than the inflow speed, and the stability of the electric arc is improved.
The working process of the plasma torch generator comprises the following steps:
s21, when the power supply supplies power to the cathode electrode 101 and the anode electrode 105 of the plasma torch generator, the axial protective gas supplies gas, and a voltage difference is generated between the cathode electrode 101 and the adjacent first-stage intermediate electrode;
s22, controlling a controllable switch connected with the first-stage middle electrode to switch on an arc striking loop, breaking down a gap between the cathode electrode 101 and the first-stage middle electrode to perform first-stage arc striking, simultaneously starting an inclined downward gas supply channel 202 between the cathode fixing and shaft gas supply component 102 and the first-stage middle electrode to output shielding gas, and dragging an electric arc to the first-stage middle electrode to improve the success rate of first-stage arc striking;
s23, starting an inclined upward gas supply channel 203 between a first-stage middle electrode and a first-stage insulator adjacent below the first-stage middle electrode to output shielding gas, adjusting the flow of the output shielding gas and the flow of the output shielding gas of an inclined downward gas supply channel 202 above the first-stage middle electrode to adjust an arc dropping point, preferably, adjusting the arc dropping point to be in the middle of the first-stage middle electrode to improve the success rate and quality of arc striking; preferably, the inclined downward gas supply channel and the inclined upward gas supply channel are both set to be spiral, so that the protective gas output from the channels has a rotating force, the electric arc can be driven to rotate on the inner side surface of the middle electrode, the same position on the electrode is prevented from being burnt by the arc falling point for a long time, the damage degree of the electrode is reduced, and the service life is prolonged;
s24, closing the inclined upward gas supply channel 203 between the first-stage intermediate electrode and the first-stage insulator after a period of time;
s25, controlling a controllable switch connected with a second-stage intermediate electrode adjacent to the lower part of the first-stage insulator to switch on an arc striking loop, breaking down a gap between the first-stage intermediate electrode and the second-stage intermediate electrode to perform second-stage arc striking, simultaneously starting an inclined downward gas supply channel between the first-stage insulator and the second-stage intermediate electrode to output protective gas, dragging the electric arc to the second-stage intermediate electrode, and improving the success rate of second-stage arc striking;
s26, starting an inclined upward gas supply channel between the second-stage middle electrode and the second-stage insulator adjacent to the second-stage middle electrode below the second-stage middle electrode to output protective gas, and adjusting the flow of the output protective gas and the flow of the protective gas output by the inclined downward gas supply channel above the second-stage middle electrode to adjust the arc falling point and ensure the arc striking quality;
s27, closing the inclined upward gas supply channel between the second-stage middle electrode and the second-stage insulator after a period of time; sequentially carrying out arc striking on other intermediate electrodes downwards according to the steps from S5 to S7 until the arc striking of the intermediate electrode of the last stage is finished;
s28, the gap between the last stage intermediate electrode and the anode electrode 105 is broken down, the electric arcs are connected with each other, the voltage of the power supply rapidly returns to the normal working voltage, the electric arcs are output in normal working, meanwhile, the inclined downward gas supply channel 204 above the anode electrode 105 is opened to output the protective gas, the drag force is generated to drag the tail end of the electric arc to the central area, the originally divergent shape is changed into the convergent shape, the compression degree of the electric arc is increased, the arc resistance is increased, the arc pressure is increased, and therefore the output power of the plasma torch is obviously increased.
Through adjusting the downward gas supply channel output protection gas flow of slope, still can adjust plasma torch output, under the unchangeable condition of supply current, when increase gas flow, the gas velocity of flow increases along with it, aggravates plasma torch arc root cooling effect to the compression degree to the electric arc further increases, so the arc resistance increases, and the arc is pressed and is rised, has improved plasma torch output, vice versa, plays output regulation effect.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. The red mud cracking treatment method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s101, putting the red mud into a feed pretreatment device, dividing the red mud into more than two parts, respectively inputting the two parts into more than two columns, and heating the red mud to evaporate and crack the red mud while conveying materials by a screw propeller of the feed pretreatment device;
s102, outputting the material to a high-temperature plasma melting device from an outlet of the feeding pretreatment device;
s103, carrying out high-temperature plasma torch melting on the input material by using a high-temperature plasma melting device, and converting the input material into vitreous waste residue and CO-containing waste residue2CO and H2The synthesis gas of (2).
2. The red mud cracking treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the step of dividing the S101 into two or more parts and inputting the two or more parts into two or more columns, respectively, comprises:
the flow guide sheets are divided into more than two parts which are respectively input into more than two columns.
3. The red mud cracking treatment method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the step of heating the red mud to evaporate and crack the red mud while the screw propeller of the feed pretreatment device conveys the material in S101 comprises:
s101-1, starting an electric heating device of a second heating device arranged outside the wall of the column body to heat the column body;
s101-2, acquiring an environmental temperature value measured by a sixth temperature sensor arranged on the inner wall of the cylinder between the first heating device and the second heating device;
s101-3, judging whether the ambient temperature value is greater than or equal to a preset preheating temperature value or not;
s101-4, when the environmental temperature value is larger than or equal to the preset preheating temperature value, starting a screw propeller to convey materials into the high-temperature plasma melting device;
and S101-5, after the synthetic gas is output from the high-temperature plasma melting device, namely after the synthetic gas is introduced into the heating gas pipeline wound outside the pipe wall of the cylinder, closing the second heating device.
4. The red mud cracking treatment method according to claim 3, wherein the step of heating the red mud to evaporate and crack the red mud while the screw propeller of the feed pretreatment device conveys the material in S101 further comprises:
s101-6, acquiring a material temperature value measured by a sixth temperature sensor;
s101-7, judging whether the material temperature value is greater than or equal to a preset heated temperature value or not;
and S101-8, when the material temperature value is smaller than the preset heated temperature value, starting the electric heating device again to heat the material for the second time, and adjusting the output power of the electric heating device according to the material temperature value.
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