CN110695056B - Oil sludge cracking treatment device - Google Patents
Oil sludge cracking treatment device Download PDFInfo
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- CN110695056B CN110695056B CN201910997155.XA CN201910997155A CN110695056B CN 110695056 B CN110695056 B CN 110695056B CN 201910997155 A CN201910997155 A CN 201910997155A CN 110695056 B CN110695056 B CN 110695056B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
Abstract
The invention discloses an oil sludge cracking treatment device, which relates to the technical field of harmless treatment of solid waste and comprises the following steps: the feeding pretreatment device is used for heating the oil sludge to ensure that moisture and light components in the oil sludge are heated, evaporated and cracked to obtain heavy oil residue, and the heavy oil residue is output to the high-temperature plasma melting device from a discharge port of the feeding pretreatment device; and a high-temperature plasma melting device for melting the input heavy oil residue by a high-temperature plasma torch to convert the heavy oil residue into vitreous waste residue and CO2CO and H2The synthesis gas of (2). The invention has the advantage of high harmless treatment degree.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of harmless treatment of solid waste, in particular to an oil sludge cracking treatment device.
Background
The oil sludge is solid waste generated in the processes of crude oil extraction, gathering and transportation, refining and sewage treatment in an oil refinery, and contains a large amount of residual oils, odorous toxic substances such as benzene series, phenols, anthracene and the like, and a large amount of toxic and harmful substances such as pathogenic bacteria, heavy metals, polychlorinated biphenyl, dioxin and the like. In addition, the oil sludge also has the characteristics of high viscosity, poor fluidity, difficult oil-soil separation and the like.
Direct incineration is the main method for treating oil sludge at present, but because of the existence of heavy components such as asphalt, the incineration flue gas contains a large amount of unburned toxic and harmful components, secondary pollution is easily caused, the ecological environment is deteriorated, and simultaneously, the waste of petroleum resources is caused.
Some pyrolysis sludge treatment devices are disclosed in the prior art, for example, in some plasma pyrolysis sludge devices, a plasma reactor includes a quartz container and a ceramic crucible, a tip graphite electrode and a flat bottom graphite electrode are arranged, the bottom of the crucible is opened, and sludge is placed in the crucible. In operation, a non-thermal arc plasma is formed between the electrodes. In other plasma cracking devices, a furnace body has a rectangular or circular section, a feed inlet, an air inlet and a plasma torch are arranged on the furnace wall, a slag outlet is arranged at the bottom, an exhaust outlet is arranged at the top, and when one plasma torch is arranged, the plasma torch is arranged on a rotating device; when more than two plasma torches are arranged, the plasma torches are arranged in a staggered mode (rectangular hearth) or uniformly (circular hearth), and the included angle of 0-60 degrees is formed between the axis of each plasma torch and the circular normal direction of the hearth and between the axis of each plasma torch and the axis of the hearth, wherein the included angle of 0-80 degrees is formed between the axis of each plasma torch and the circular normal direction of the hearth. The plasma torch is a direct current plasma torch and is a water-cooled metal electrode. The treatment steps comprise pretreatment, pyrolysis, purification and secondary combustion, and the pyrolysis temperature in the plasma furnace is controlled to be 1200-1500K.
It is therefore clear that the above-mentioned conventional sludge treatment apparatus has shortcomings and drawbacks in terms of equipment structure, treatment method and use, and further improvement is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, in order to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks, embodiments of the present invention provide a sludge cracking treatment apparatus having a high degree of harmless treatment.
Therefore, the oil sludge cracking treatment device provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises:
the feeding pretreatment device is used for heating the oil sludge to ensure that moisture and light components in the oil sludge are heated, evaporated and cracked to obtain heavy oil residue, and the heavy oil residue is output to the high-temperature plasma melting device from a discharge port of the feeding pretreatment device; and
a high-temperature plasma melting device for melting the input heavy oil residue by a high-temperature plasma torch to convert the heavy oil residue into vitreous waste residue and CO2CO and H2The synthesis gas of (2).
Preferably, the feed pre-treatment device comprises a screw propeller and a first heating device;
the screw propeller is used for spirally propelling the oil sludge input from the input port to the output port for output, and the output port of the screw propeller is connected with the high-temperature plasma melting device;
the first heating device comprises a heating gas pipeline wound outside the pipe wall of the screw propeller, the input end of the heating gas pipeline is connected with the synthesis gas output end of the high-temperature plasma melting device, the synthesis gas output by the high-temperature plasma melting device is introduced into the heating gas pipeline, the oil sludge transported in the screw propeller through the first heating device is heated by the heat of the synthesis gas, the output end of the heating gas pipeline is connected with the gas output end of the screw propeller, and the output end of the heating gas pipeline is combined and then output.
Preferably, the feed pre-treatment device further comprises a sixth temperature sensor and a second heating device;
the sixth temperature sensor is arranged on the inner wall of the screw propeller between the first heating device and the second heating device and used for detecting the temperature of the transported materials;
the second heating device comprises an electric heating device arranged outside the pipe wall of the screw propeller and is used for adjusting the output power of the electric heating device according to the temperature value measured by the sixth temperature sensor so as to heat the transported materials.
Preferably, the high-temperature plasma melting device comprises, from bottom to top: the melting combustion chamber, the oxygen storage chamber, the feeding chamber and the gas outlet range increasing chamber;
a plasma torch generator is obliquely arranged on the side wall of the melting combustion chamber, and a slag discharge port is formed in the bottom of the melting combustion chamber;
a combustion-supporting gas inlet channel is obliquely arranged on the side wall of the oxygen storage chamber, and a controllable valve is connected to the combustion-supporting gas inlet channel and used for adjusting the opening and closing degree of the controllable valve according to the change of the temperature in the melting furnace cavity and the feeding quantity output by the feeding channel so as to adjust the input flow of combustion-supporting gas in the combustion-supporting gas inlet channel;
the side wall of the feeding chamber is provided with a feeding channel in an inclined way, the feeding chamber is communicated with the stirring and crushing device through the feeding channel, the cavity of the feeding chamber comprises a funnel-shaped upper part and a straight cylindrical lower part, more than two gas-isolating baffles are arranged on the side wall of the straight cylindrical lower part in an inclined way and in a downward staggered way, through holes for heavy oil residues to fall and output are arranged between each gas-isolating baffle and the side wall of the straight cylindrical lower part, and the through holes on each gas-isolating baffle are staggered;
the side wall of the air outlet range-increasing chamber is connected with a ventilation baffle, the top of the air outlet range-increasing chamber is provided with a synthetic gas outlet, and the ventilation baffle surrounds a ventilation channel for upward transmission of the synthetic gas generated by melting combustion and output from the synthetic gas outlet.
Preferably, the bottom plane of the melting combustion chamber is inclined towards the slag discharge port side.
Preferably, the cavity of the oxygen storage chamber is a table column with a large lower part and a small upper part.
Preferably, the ventilation channel surrounded by the ventilation baffle is spiral.
Preferably, a dust filtering device is arranged in the ventilation channel and used for filtering particle impurities in the synthesis gas.
The technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention has the following advantages:
according to the oil sludge cracking treatment device provided by the embodiment of the invention, the heavy oil residue falling into the melting combustion chamber can be prevented from rising through the gas isolating baffle of the high-temperature plasma melting device, the feeding can be fully melted and combusted each time, the melting thorough degree of the heavy oil residue is improved, the harmless treatment degree is improved, the combustion-supporting gas output from the combustion-supporting gas inlet channel can be prevented from rising, almost all the combustion-supporting gas can reach the melting combustion chamber, and the gas utilization rate is improved. The ventilation channel is formed by the ventilation baffle, the airflow path of the synthesis gas in the cavity is prolonged, the cross section area of the channel is reduced, the gas can be output in a pressurized mode, ash mixed in the synthesis gas can be effectively reduced through the range increasing, and the ash can be deposited and filtered in the ventilation channel. The temperature value of the cavity is controlled by arranging the plurality of temperature sensors, so that the temperature in the cavity is further kept constant, the full degree of melting and burning is improved, and the harmless degree is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a specific example of a sludge cracking treatment apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view showing a specific example of a high-temperature plasma melting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram showing another specific example of the high-temperature plasma melting apparatus according to the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of one specific example of a plasma torch generator in the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural view showing one specific example of the cathode fixing and shaft gas supply assembly in the embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals: 1-a feeding pretreatment device, 11-a screw propeller, 12-a first heating device, 13-a sixth temperature sensor, 14-a second heating device, 2-a high-temperature plasma melting device, 21-a melting combustion chamber, 211-a plasma torch generator, 212-a first temperature sensor, 213-a slag discharge port, 22-an oxygen storage chamber, 221-a combustion-supporting gas inlet channel, 222-a second temperature sensor, 23-a feeding chamber, 231-a feeding channel, 232-a gas baffle, 233-a third temperature sensor, 234-a fourth temperature sensor, 24-a gas outlet range increasing chamber, 241-a ventilation baffle, 242-a fifth temperature sensor, 243-a synthetic gas outlet, 101-a cathode electrode, 102-a cathode fixing and shaft gas supply component, 103-middle electrode, 104-insulator, 105-anode electrode, 202, 204-inclined downward gas supply channel, 203-inclined upward gas supply channel, 1021-first step, 1022-second step, 1023-blind groove, 1024-third step.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In describing the present invention, it is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification, are intended to specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. The term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. The terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in the orientation or positional relationship indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be construed as limiting the invention. The terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. The terms "mounted," "connected," and "coupled" are to be construed broadly and may, for example, be fixedly coupled, detachably coupled, or integrally coupled; can be mechanically or electrically connected; the two elements may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or may be communicated with each other inside the two elements, or may be wirelessly connected or wired connected. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Examples
The present embodiment provides a sludge cracking apparatus, as shown in fig. 1, including:
the feeding pretreatment device 1 is used for heating the oil sludge to evaporate and crack water and light components in the oil sludge by heating to obtain heavy oil residue, and the heavy oil residue is output to the high-temperature plasma melting device 2 from a discharge port of the feeding pretreatment device 1; and
a high-temperature plasma melting device 2 for melting the input heavy oil residue by a high-temperature plasma torch and converting the heavy oil residue into vitreous wasteSlag and CO-containing2CO and H2The synthesis gas of (2).
Preferably, the feed pre-treatment device 1 comprises a screw propeller 11 and a first heating device 12;
the screw propeller 11 is used for spirally propelling the oil sludge input from the input port to the output port for output, and the output port of the screw propeller 11 is connected with the high-temperature plasma melting device 2;
the first heating device 12 comprises a heating gas pipeline wound outside the pipe wall of the screw propeller 11, the input end of the heating gas pipeline is connected with the synthesis gas output end of the high-temperature plasma melting device 2, the synthesis gas output by the high-temperature plasma melting device 2 is introduced into the heating gas pipeline, the oil sludge transported in the screw propeller 11 through the first heating device 12 is heated by the heat of the synthesis gas, so that the moisture and the light components of the oil sludge are heated, evaporated and cracked, the output end of the heating gas pipeline is connected with the gas output end of the screw propeller 11, and the combined oil sludge and the light components are output. The pretreatment of the oil sludge is realized by recycling the heat of the synthesis gas of the high-temperature plasma melting device 2, and the energy is saved.
Preferably, the feed pre-treatment device 1 further comprises a sixth temperature sensor 13 and a second heating device 14;
the sixth temperature sensor 13 is arranged on the inner wall of the screw propeller 11 between the first heating device 12 and the second heating device 14 and is used for detecting the temperature of the transported materials;
the second heating device 14 comprises an electric heating device arranged outside the pipe wall of the screw propeller 11 and is used for adjusting the output power of the electric heating device according to the temperature value measured by the sixth temperature sensor 13, heating the transported materials, heating the moisture and the light components of the transported materials to further evaporate and crack the transported materials, and improving the sufficiency of evaporation and cracking.
The working process of the feeding pretreatment device comprises the following steps:
the oil sludge is input into the screw propeller 11 from the input port, the materials pushed by the screw propeller 11 sequentially pass through the first heating device 12, the sixth temperature sensor 13 and the second heating device 14, the synthesis gas output from the high-temperature plasma melting device 2 is input into the first heating device 12, the heat of the synthesis gas is repeatedly utilized to realize the first-stage thermal evaporation and cracking of the materials, the sixth temperature sensor 13 detects the temperature value of the materials flowing through, whether the materials completely react during the first-stage thermal evaporation and cracking is judged according to the temperature value, if the judgment result is that the materials do not completely react, the second heating device 14 is started, the output power is controlled and adjusted according to the detected temperature of the sixth temperature sensor 13, the heating degree of the second heating device 14 to the materials is adjusted, thereby not only improving the full degree of evaporation and cracking of the heated materials, but also controlling the heating degree to save energy.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 2, the high-temperature plasma melting apparatus 2 includes, in order from bottom to top: a melting combustion chamber 21, an oxygen storage chamber 22, a feeding chamber 23 and an outlet gas range increasing chamber 24;
a plasma torch generator 211 is obliquely arranged on the side wall of the melting combustion chamber 21, and a slag discharge port 213 is arranged at the bottom of the melting combustion chamber 21; preferably, the number of the plasma torch generators 211 is two or more, and the plasma torch generators are uniformly distributed on the side wall of the melting combustion chamber 21; preferably, the bottom plane of the melting furnace 21 is inclined toward the side of the slag discharge port 213 to facilitate the outflow of the vitreous waste slag from the slag discharge port 213;
a combustion-supporting gas inlet channel 221 is obliquely installed on the side wall of the oxygen storage chamber 22, a controllable valve is connected to the combustion-supporting gas inlet channel 221 and used for adjusting the opening and closing degree of the controllable valve according to the change of the temperature in the melting furnace cavity and the feeding amount output by the feeding channel 231, so that the input flow of combustion-supporting gas in the combustion-supporting gas inlet channel 221 is adjusted, the combustion degree of heavy oil residues is controlled, and the temperature in the furnace cavity is kept constant; the cavity of the oxygen storage chamber 22 is a column with a large lower part and a small upper part so as to meet the requirement of large gas consumption at the lower part;
the side wall of the feeding chamber 23 is provided with a feeding channel 231 in an inclined manner, the feeding chamber 23 is communicated with the stirring and crushing device 1 through the feeding channel 231, the cavity of the feeding chamber 23 comprises a funnel-shaped upper part and a straight cylindrical lower part, more than two air isolating baffles 232 are obliquely and downwards installed on the side wall of the straight cylindrical lower part in a staggered manner, through holes for heavy oil residues to fall and output are formed between each air isolating baffle 232 and the side wall of the straight cylindrical lower part, the through holes on each air isolating baffle 232 are staggered and not directly communicated with each other, the staggered angle can be set according to actual requirements, the heavy oil residues slide downwards along the air isolating baffles 232 and then fall onto the air isolating baffle 232 on the next layer from the through holes, and fall sequentially until the heavy oil residues are output into the oxygen storage chamber 22 and the melting combustion chamber 21; by arranging the gas-isolating baffle, the heavy oil residue falling into the melting combustion chamber can be prevented from rising, the feeding can be fully melted and combusted every time, the melting thorough degree of the heavy oil residue is improved, and the harmless treatment degree is improved; the combustion-supporting gas output from the combustion-supporting gas inlet channel is prevented from rising by the blocking of the gas-isolating baffle plate, almost all the combustion-supporting gas can reach the melting combustion chamber, and the gas utilization rate is improved;
the side wall of the gas outlet range increasing chamber 24 is connected with a ventilation baffle 241, the top of the gas outlet range increasing chamber is provided with a synthetic gas outlet 243, the ventilation baffle 241 surrounds a spiral ventilation channel for upward transmission of the synthetic gas generated by melting combustion, and the synthetic gas is output from the synthetic gas outlet 243; the ventilation channel is formed by arranging the ventilation baffle, so that the airflow path of the synthesis gas in the cavity is prolonged, the cross section area of the channel is reduced, the gas can be output in a pressurized manner, and ash mixed in the synthesis gas can be effectively reduced by increasing the range, so that the ash can be precipitated and filtered in the ventilation channel; preferably, the ventilation channel is internally provided with a dust filtering device, so that particle impurities in the synthesis gas can be further filtered, and the quality of the output synthesis gas is improved.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 3, the high temperature plasma melting apparatus 2 further includes: a first temperature sensor 212, a second temperature sensor 222, a third temperature sensor 233, a fourth temperature sensor 234, and a fifth temperature sensor 242;
the first temperature sensor 212 is connected and positioned at the bottom of the melting combustion chamber 21, the second temperature sensor 222 is connected and positioned at the outlet of the combustion-supporting gas inlet channel 221, the third temperature sensor 234 is connected and positioned at the lower part of the inlet chamber 23, the fourth temperature sensor 234 is connected and positioned at the upper part of the inlet chamber 23, and the fifth temperature sensor 242 is connected and positioned at the outlet 243 of the synthesis gas and is used for monitoring the temperature value of the discharged synthesis gas; the number of the first temperature sensor 212, the second temperature sensor 222, the third temperature sensor 233, the fourth temperature sensor 234, and the fifth temperature sensor 242 is not limited to one, and two or more sensors may be provided at the respective positions to detect the temperature at the positions.
The working process of the high-temperature plasma melting device 2 comprises the following steps:
s1, starting the plasma torch generator 211, and preheating the cavity of the melting device for 10-30 min;
s2, obtaining a first temperature value of the first temperature sensor 212 and a second temperature value of the second temperature sensor 222, and determining whether the first temperature value is greater than a first preset value, preferably, the first preset value is 13000-30000 ℃, and whether the second temperature value is greater than a second preset value, preferably, the second preset value is 13000-30000 ℃, and the first preset value is greater than or equal to the second preset value;
s3, when the first temperature value is larger than the first preset value and the second temperature value is larger than the second preset value, the feeding channel 231 and the combustion-supporting gas inlet channel 221 are opened simultaneously, the feeding amount output by the feeding channel 231 and the air inflow output by the combustion-supporting gas inlet channel 221 are in a linear relation, and the opening and closing degree of the controllable valve is controlled and adjusted according to the feeding amount; when the first temperature value is less than or equal to a first preset value or the second temperature value is less than or equal to a second preset value, the current situation is maintained, the feeding channel 231 and the combustion-supporting gas inlet channel 221 are not started, and preheating is continued;
s4, monitoring the first temperature value and the second temperature value in real time, controlling the plasma torch generator 211 to increase the output power when the first temperature value is less than or equal to a first preset value, enabling the first temperature value to rapidly rise to exceed the first preset value, and then controlling the plasma torch generator 211 to reduce the output power to a normal working value; when the second temperature value is smaller than or equal to a second preset value, controlling a controllable valve of the combustion-supporting gas inlet channel 221 to increase the opening amount, increasing the flow of the output gas, enabling the second temperature value to rapidly rise to exceed the second preset value, and then controlling the controllable valve to reduce the opening amount to a normal working opening amount; thereby maintaining the constant temperature in the cavity, improving the full degree of melting combustion and improving the degree of harmlessness;
s5, acquiring a third temperature value of the third temperature sensor 233 and a fourth temperature value of the fourth temperature sensor 234, and calculating a difference between the third temperature value and the fourth temperature value;
and S6, judging whether the absolute value of the difference is greater than a third preset value, preferably, the third preset value is 50-500 ℃, when the absolute value of the difference is greater than the third preset value, the moisture content in the heavy oil residue is more or the original temperature is lower, the temperature in the cavity needs to be increased, controlling the plasma torch generator 211 to increase the output power, enabling the first temperature value to rapidly rise to exceed the first preset value, and then controlling the plasma torch generator 211 to reduce the output power to a normal working value.
As shown in fig. 4, the plasma torch generator includes:
the cathode 101 is connected with the upper part of the plasma torch generator and is connected with the negative pole of the power supply;
the cathode fixing and shaft gas supply assembly 102 is a cylinder with a hollow part, the cathode electrode is connected and positioned in the cylinder, the hollow part of the cylinder has a larger upper opening and a smaller lower opening and is used for providing a gas supply channel for supporting the cathode electrode 101 and providing axial shielding gas, and the axial shielding gas restrains the electric arc in a range near an axis so that the capacity of the plasma torch is more concentrated;
the anode electrode 105 is connected with the lower part of the plasma torch generator and is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply, and the hollow part of the anode electrode 105 is used for the injection output of the plasma torch; the cathode 101, anode 105 and intermediate 103 electrodes are water cooled.
The middle electrodes 103 are coaxially arranged and connected between the cathode fixing and shaft gas supply assembly 102 and the anode electrode 105, are of hollow structures, have flush inner side surfaces, and are respectively connected with the arc striking loop through a controllable switch;
an insulating member 104 connected between the two intermediate electrodes 103 and between the intermediate electrode and the anode electrode 105;
inclined downward gas supply channels 202, 204 provided between the upper surface of the intermediate electrode 103 and the lower surface of the cathode fixing and shaft gas supply assembly 102, between the upper surface of the intermediate electrode 103 and the lower surface of the insulator 104, and between the upper surface of the anode electrode 105 and the lower surface of the insulator 104, for providing an inclined downward direction shield gas, changing the distance between the arc starting point and the arc dropping point and changing the arc pulling force at the time of arc striking; preferably, the angle between the obliquely downward gas supply channel 202 and the horizontal direction is 45-80 °; and
an inclined upward gas supply passage 203 provided between the lower surface of the intermediate electrode 103 and the upper surface of the insulator 104 for supplying shield gas in an inclined upward direction, changing the distance between the starting point and the dropping point of the arc and changing the arc drag at the time of arc striking; preferably, the angle of the obliquely upward air supply channel 203 is 45 ° to 80 ° from the horizontal. Through setting up the downward air feed channel of slope and the upward air feed channel of slope, retrained the direction of protection gas air feed, improved the compression effect to the electric arc and made the distance between electric arc starting point and the drop point and the drag power of electric arc adjustable when striking the arc for plasma torch output has high power and adjustable advantage.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 5, a first step 1021 and a second step 1022 are sequentially arranged from top to bottom on the inner side surface of the cathode fixing and shaft air supply assembly 102, for gradually reducing the inner diameter of the cathode fixing and shaft air supply assembly 102, the cathode electrode is connected to the inner side surface below the second step 1022, a blind groove 1023 for passing axial shielding gas is uniformly formed at the junction with the cathode electrode along the direction of the cylindrical bus, a third step 1024 is arranged on the inner side surface below the junction of the cathode electrode for increasing the inner diameter of the cathode fixing and shaft air supply assembly 102, and the lower bottom surface of the cathode fixing and shaft air supply assembly 102 is a downward inclined surface with a high outside and a low inside. Axial protective gas flows in from a larger opening, passes through the first step 1021, the second step 1022 and the blind groove 1023, the cross-sectional area of the channel is reduced, the gas is compressed, the flowing speed of the gas is increased, the compression force of the high-speed flowing gas flow is enhanced to the electric arc, the cross-sectional area of the channel is slightly enlarged through the third step 1024, the gas flow is ensured to be uniformly distributed, but the total gas outflow speed is far higher than the inflow speed, and the stability of the electric arc is improved.
The working process of the plasma torch generator comprises the following steps:
s21, when the power supply supplies power to the cathode electrode 101 and the anode electrode 105 of the plasma torch generator, the axial protective gas supplies gas, and a voltage difference is generated between the cathode electrode 101 and the adjacent first-stage intermediate electrode;
s22, controlling a controllable switch connected with the first-stage middle electrode to switch on an arc striking loop, breaking down a gap between the cathode electrode 101 and the first-stage middle electrode to perform first-stage arc striking, simultaneously starting an inclined downward gas supply channel 202 between the cathode fixing and shaft gas supply component 102 and the first-stage middle electrode to output shielding gas, and dragging an electric arc to the first-stage middle electrode to improve the success rate of first-stage arc striking;
s23, starting an inclined upward gas supply channel 203 between a first-stage middle electrode and a first-stage insulator adjacent below the first-stage middle electrode to output shielding gas, adjusting the flow of the output shielding gas and the flow of the output shielding gas of an inclined downward gas supply channel 202 above the first-stage middle electrode to adjust an arc dropping point, preferably, adjusting the arc dropping point to be in the middle of the first-stage middle electrode to improve the success rate and quality of arc striking; preferably, the inclined downward gas supply channel and the inclined upward gas supply channel are both set to be spiral, so that the protective gas output from the channels has a rotating force, the electric arc can be driven to rotate on the inner side surface of the middle electrode, the same position on the electrode is prevented from being burnt by the arc falling point for a long time, the damage degree of the electrode is reduced, and the service life is prolonged;
s24, closing the inclined upward gas supply channel 203 between the first-stage intermediate electrode and the first-stage insulator after a period of time;
s25, controlling a controllable switch connected with a second-stage intermediate electrode adjacent to the lower part of the first-stage insulator to switch on an arc striking loop, breaking down a gap between the first-stage intermediate electrode and the second-stage intermediate electrode to perform second-stage arc striking, simultaneously starting an inclined downward gas supply channel between the first-stage insulator and the second-stage intermediate electrode to output protective gas, dragging the electric arc to the second-stage intermediate electrode, and improving the success rate of second-stage arc striking;
s26, starting an inclined upward gas supply channel between the second-stage middle electrode and the second-stage insulator adjacent to the second-stage middle electrode below the second-stage middle electrode to output protective gas, and adjusting the flow of the output protective gas and the flow of the protective gas output by the inclined downward gas supply channel above the second-stage middle electrode to adjust the arc falling point and ensure the arc striking quality;
s27, closing the inclined upward gas supply channel between the second-stage middle electrode and the second-stage insulator after a period of time; sequentially carrying out arc striking on other intermediate electrodes downwards according to the steps from S5 to S7 until the arc striking of the intermediate electrode of the last stage is finished;
s28, the gap between the last stage intermediate electrode and the anode electrode 105 is broken down, the electric arcs are connected with each other, the voltage of the power supply rapidly returns to the normal working voltage, the electric arcs are output in normal working, meanwhile, the inclined downward gas supply channel 204 above the anode electrode 105 is opened to output the protective gas, the drag force is generated to drag the tail end of the electric arc to the central area, the originally divergent shape is changed into the convergent shape, the compression degree of the electric arc is increased, the arc resistance is increased, the arc pressure is increased, and therefore the output power of the plasma torch is obviously increased.
Through adjusting the downward gas supply channel output protection gas flow of slope, still can adjust plasma torch output, under the unchangeable condition of supply current, when increase gas flow, the gas velocity of flow increases along with it, aggravates plasma torch arc root cooling effect to the compression degree to the electric arc further increases, so the arc resistance increases, and the arc is pressed and is rised, has improved plasma torch output, vice versa, plays output regulation effect.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. An apparatus for sludge pyrolysis treatment, comprising:
the feeding pretreatment device (1) is used for heating the oil sludge to evaporate and crack water and light components in the oil sludge by heating to obtain heavy oil residue, and the heavy oil residue is output to the high-temperature plasma melting device (2) from a discharge hole of the feeding pretreatment device (1); and
a high-temperature plasma melting device (2) for melting the input heavy oil residue by a high-temperature plasma torch to convert the heavy oil residue into vitreous waste residue and CO2CO and H2The synthesis gas of (2);
the feed pretreatment device (1) comprises a screw propeller (11) and a first heating device (12);
the screw propeller (11) is used for spirally propelling the oil sludge input from the input port to the output port for output, and the output port of the screw propeller (11) is connected with the high-temperature plasma melting device (2);
the first heating device (12) comprises a heating gas pipeline wound outside the pipe wall of the screw propeller (11), the input end of the heating gas pipeline is connected with the synthetic gas output end of the high-temperature plasma melting device (2) and used for introducing the synthetic gas output by the high-temperature plasma melting device (2) into the heating gas pipeline, the oil sludge transported in the screw propeller (11) through the first heating device (12) is heated by the heat of the synthetic gas, and the output end of the heating gas pipeline is connected with the gas output end of the screw propeller (11) and is combined and then output;
the feed pre-treatment device (1) further comprises a sixth temperature sensor (13) and a second heating device (14);
the sixth temperature sensor (13) is arranged on the inner wall of the screw propeller (11) between the first heating device (12) and the second heating device (14) and is used for detecting the temperature of the transported materials;
the second heating device (14) comprises an electric heating device arranged outside the pipe wall of the screw propeller (11) and is used for adjusting the output power of the electric heating device according to the temperature value measured by the sixth temperature sensor (13) to heat the transported materials.
2. The sludge pyrolysis treatment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the high temperature plasma melting apparatus (2) comprises, in order from bottom to top: a melting combustion chamber (21), an oxygen storage chamber (22), a feeding chamber (23) and an air outlet range increasing chamber (24);
a plasma torch generator (211) is obliquely arranged on the side wall of the melting combustion chamber (21), and a slag discharge port (213) is arranged at the bottom of the melting combustion chamber (21);
a combustion-supporting gas inlet channel (221) is obliquely arranged on the side wall of the oxygen storage chamber (22), a controllable valve is connected to the combustion-supporting gas inlet channel (221) and used for adjusting the opening and closing degree of the controllable valve according to the change of the temperature in the melting furnace cavity and the feeding quantity output by the feeding channel (231) so as to adjust the input flow of combustion-supporting gas in the combustion-supporting gas inlet channel (221);
a feeding channel (231) is obliquely arranged on the side wall of the feeding chamber (23), the feeding chamber (23) is communicated with the feeding pretreatment device (1) through the feeding channel (231), the cavity of the feeding chamber (23) comprises a funnel-shaped upper part and a straight cylindrical lower part, more than two air-isolating baffles (232) are obliquely and downwards arranged on the side wall of the straight cylindrical lower part in a staggered manner, through holes capable of allowing heavy oil residues to fall and be output are formed between each air-isolating baffle (232) and the side wall of the straight cylindrical lower part, and the through holes on each air-isolating baffle (232) are staggered;
the side wall of the outlet gas range-increasing chamber (24) is connected with a ventilation baffle (241), the top of the outlet gas range-increasing chamber is provided with a synthetic gas outlet (243), and the ventilation baffle (241) surrounds a ventilation channel for upward transmission of the synthetic gas generated by melting combustion and output from the synthetic gas outlet (243).
3. The sludge cracking apparatus of claim 2, wherein the bottom plane of the melting furnace (21) is inclined toward the side of the slag discharge port (213).
4. The sludge cracking treatment apparatus of claim 2, wherein the cavity of the oxygen storage chamber (22) is a pillar with a large lower part and a small upper part.
5. The sludge cracking treatment apparatus of claim 2, wherein the vent passage surrounded by the vent baffle (241) is spiral-shaped.
6. The sludge cracking treatment device of any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein an ash filtering device is arranged in the ventilation channel and is used for filtering particulate impurities in the synthesis gas.
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| CN201910997155.XA CN110695056B (en) | 2019-10-20 | 2019-10-20 | Oil sludge cracking treatment device |
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