CN110622764B - Method for increasing yield of mulberry bud tips and bud leaves for tea - Google Patents
Method for increasing yield of mulberry bud tips and bud leaves for tea Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of mulberry tea raw material production and harvesting, and discloses a method for increasing the yield of mulberry bud tips and bud leaves for tea, wherein the method comprises the steps of picking the terminal buds of tender branches of a mulberry tree as tea, picking large leaves growing on the tender branches for producing leaf tea or mulberry leaf powder; and (4) later, axillary buds grow on the base parts of the petioles, new branches are cut off in a pile when the axillary buds grow to 2-3 cm, and the axillary buds are collected by centralized bud picking to obtain tender tips and bud leaves. According to the invention, the number of leaves and axillary buds of the tender branch with the top advantages removed is increased, and the yield of bud leaves is improved; axillary buds are picked intensively, and the speed is higher than that of pinching the buds one by one in a mulberry field, so that the bud picking speed is greatly improved; meanwhile, the whole mulberry field can be cut in batches, new bud leaves are produced in a more balanced and uninterrupted manner in the growth period of the mulberry in the year, and the problem that the conventional method can only concentrate on harvesting the bud tips in one season is solved; and the number of sprouts of one mulberry tree is increased by 4-6 times by shearing the mulberry tree for 4-6 times in one year, and is increased by tens of times and hundreds of times compared with the top bud tip of a single-harvest branch.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mulberry tea raw material production and harvesting, in particular to a method for increasing the yield of mulberry bud tips and bud leaves for tea.
Background
It is known that 5000 years of traditional mulberry planting uses mature mulberry leaves for silkworm breeding, and thousands of years of mulberry planting technology also has the advantages of higher yield and faster picking around the leaves of the mulberry leaves.
Modern people utilize that mulberry leaves are rich in 17 amino acids, the flavonoids content is about 3%, the phenols content is 2%, the soluble sugar content is 12%, and particularly, the content of alkaloid, namely DNJ substances is about 0.3%; the active substances in the mulberry leaves have various effects of reducing blood sugar, reducing blood pressure, resisting oxidation, inhibiting bacteria and the like, and the increase of the modern three-high population brings a very wide consumption market to the mulberry leaves. Therefore, mulberry leaf tea and mulberry leaf powder are gradually developed in a large number of factories, and particularly, the required amount of mulberry buds and tender mulberry leaves is greatly increased.
The technical requirements of the tea mulberry bud tip include that mulberry buds and tender mulberry leaves are mainly required (mature leaf is mainly used for silkworm breeding), raw materials are relatively and evenly supplied every day in a production period (silkworm breeding is mainly and unevenly carried out in a quarterly mode), and the production time in the year is increased as much as possible, namely early germination is required and a harvesting period is prolonged (silkworm breeding is carried out in seasons at the optimum physiological growth temperature of 25-28 ℃ suitable for silkworms in climate). However, the traditional mulberry planting and picking method has small bud tip and tender leaf yield and is not suitable for the requirements of factory and large-scale production of mulberry leaf tea and mulberry leaf powder.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the problems, the invention provides a method for increasing the yield of mulberry bud tips and bud leaves for tea, which comprises the steps of picking the terminal buds of tender branches of a mulberry tree to serve as tea, picking large leaves growing on the tender branches to be used for producing leaf-leaf tea or mulberry leaf powder; then, axillary buds grow on the base parts of the petioles, new branches are cut off in an aligned mode when the axillary buds grow to 2-3 cm, and the axillary buds are collected by centralized bud picking to obtain bud leaves; the number of leaves and axillary buds of the tender branches with the top advantages removed is increased, and the yield of bud leaves is increased by tens to hundreds of times; the axillary buds are picked intensively, and the bud picking speed is higher than that of the buds pinched one by one in a mulberry field, so that the bud picking speed is greatly improved.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a method for increasing the yield of mulberry bud tips and bud leaves for tea comprises the following steps:
s1: when the tender branches of the mulberry grow to 80-100 cm high in the same year, the tops of the tender branches are pinched to obtain mulberry bud tips serving as tea;
s2: removing the top tender branches, allowing the mulberry leaves to grow for 14-20 days, preparing nutrients through photosynthesis, storing the nutrients in the branches, and picking off the leaves on the tender branches for producing leaf tea or mulberry leaf powder;
s3: and (3) cutting off terminal buds of the branches, removing leaf stalks of tender branches with leaves, growing axillary buds, cutting off new branches at the same time when the axillary buds grow to 2-3 cm, intensively picking up the buds, and collecting the axillary buds to obtain tender tips and bud leaves.
Furthermore, the mulberry is newly planted in a dwarfing close planting mode, the breeding is pruned and tillered in one year, more than three branches grow from one strain, and first-grade branches are formed; and (3) growing new branches on the first-grade branches in the second year, reserving 6-8 branches to form second-grade branches, shaping, wherein each later trimming of tender branches is to trim the new branches grown on the second-grade branches in a pile-aligning manner, shaping is carried out in advance, and the thickness of the new branches is uniform, and the size of mulberry buds for tea and leaves for tea is consistent.
Further, after the secondary branches grow a plurality of new buds, only one robust axillary bud is left in each secondary branch to enable the secondary branches to grow new branches, and the rest new buds are collected as tea bud leaves through bud picking; the secondary branches are cut on the secondary branches in a cycle of 4-6 times every year, and the whole mulberry field is cut 6-8 times in the whole year.
Further, cutting off the bud tip to obtain the mulberry bud tea when the axillary buds reserved on the secondary branches grow into tender branches and grow to 80-100 cm; picking the leaves 14-20 days later to obtain mulberry leaf tea or mulberry leaf powder; when the axillary buds growing on the petioles grow to 2-3 cm, cutting off new branches at the same time, and collecting the axillary buds as mulberry bud tea by centralized bud picking; the number of mulberry buds is increased by tens or hundreds of times according to the cycle of 4-6 times per year.
Further, applying organic fertilizer once for the tender branches on the secondary branches 8-12 days before shoot cutting and pruning each time.
Further, the mulberry variety is selected from a variety in a cold area, and the cultivated mulberry is sown by mulberry seeds.
Furthermore, the last cutting of mulberry is delayed for about 15-20 days before the mulberry dormancy every year, namely, the leaf falling time is delayed by adding one time of re-cutting in late autumn, and the annual production time of mulberry tea can be increased for 15-20 days.
Further, the regenerated axillary buds of the branches which are pruned in winter or other time are utilized, water culture in a greenhouse is adopted for sprouting, and bud picking and harvesting are carried out.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) picking the terminal bud of the tender branch of the mulberry as tea, picking large leaves on the tender branch for producing leaf tea or mulberry leaf powder; then, axillary buds grow on the base parts of the petioles, new branches are cut off in an aligned mode when the axillary buds grow to 2-3 cm, and the axillary buds are collected by centralized bud picking to obtain bud leaves; the number of leaves and axillary buds of the tender branches with the top advantages removed is increased, and the yield of bud leaves is increased by tens to hundreds of times; axillary buds are picked intensively, and the speed is higher than that of pinching the buds one by one in a mulberry field, so that the bud picking speed is greatly improved;
(2) newly-cultivated mulberry adopts dwarf close planting, tillering is advanced by one year, and more than 3 branches grow from one strain to form primary branches; keeping 6-8 branches on the first-level branches in the second year to form second-level branches, wherein the second-level branches are all one year earlier than the conventional branches, and are shaped according to the second-level branches, and the tender branches are cut at each later time by uniformly piling new branches growing on the second-level branches, so that the tender branches are ensured to be uniform in thickness, bud tips and axillary buds growing later are full and uniform in size, the bud tips and the axillary buds are picked uniformly and uniformly, and the quality of the bud tips for tea is improved;
(3) and (4) growing a plurality of new buds on the second-level branches, leaving only one robust axillary bud on each second-level branch to allow the second-level branches to grow new branches (collecting the redundant new buds to be used as tea), and circularly performing according to the method. Can be cut many times in one year, dozens to hundreds of tender tips and axillary buds of bud leaves can be harvested on one secondary branch, so that the yield of the mulberry buds such as the bud tips and the axillary buds is increased by dozens or hundreds of times (mainly the new axillary buds growing at the petioles on the branches are increased);
(4) the mulberry variety is selected from the varieties in cold areas, and the cultivated mulberry is sown by mulberry seeds, so that the mulberry can germinate in advance, a factory can produce in advance, and the factory production capacity is balanced;
(5) one-time heavy pruning in late autumn is added to a part of mulberries in the mulberry field to delay the deciduous period of the mulberries, so that the growing period of the mulberries is prolonged, the mulberry leaves can be produced in factories at the early stage of common deciduous dormancy of the mulberries, and the production capacity of the factories is balanced;
(6) the branches with axillary buds which are heavily pruned in winter or other time are regenerated and utilized, greenhouse water culture germination is adopted, bud picking and harvesting are carried out, and all-year harvesting is realized.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not used as limitations of the present invention.
Example (b):
a method for increasing the yield of mulberry bud tips and bud leaves for tea comprises the following steps:
s1: when the tender branches of the mulberry grow to 80-100 cm high in the same year, the tops of the tender branches are pinched to obtain mulberry bud tips serving as tea;
s2: removing the top tender branches, allowing the mulberry leaves to grow for 14-20 days, preparing nutrients through photosynthesis, storing the nutrients in the branches, and picking off the leaves on the tender branches for producing leaf tea or mulberry leaf powder;
s3: and (3) cutting off terminal buds of the branches, removing leaf stalks of tender branches with leaves, growing axillary buds, cutting off new branches at the same time when the axillary buds grow to 2-3 cm, intensively picking up the buds, and collecting the axillary buds to obtain tender tips and bud leaves.
In this example, the terminal bud of the tender branch of mulberry was picked up as tea, the tender branch with the terminal bud removed was removed and the mulberry leaves were allowed to grow for 14-20 days, the mulberry leaves were allowed to grow photosynthesis to produce some nutrients and store some nutrients on the picked tender branch, and the grown leaves were used to produce leaf tea or leaf powder; then axillary buds grow on the base parts of the leaf stalks, new branches are cut off at the same time when the axillary buds grow to 2-3 cm, the axillary buds are collected by concentrated bud picking, the number of leaves and axillary buds of the tender branches with the top advantages removed is increased, about 20 axillary buds can grow on one branch, bud leaves with the number being 10 times that of the branches are obtained, the process is repeated for a plurality of times a year, and therefore the yield of the bud leaves is improved by tens to hundreds of times; the axillary buds are picked intensively, and the speed is 10 times faster than that of pinching the buds one by one in a mulberry field, so that the bud picking speed is greatly improved.
The mulberry in the embodiment is cultivated by adopting a dwarfing close planting mode, tillering and tillering are carried out one year earlier than the conventional mulberry planting mode, and more than three branches grow from one strain to form a first-grade branch; and in the next year, 6-8 new branches are grown on the primary branches to form secondary branches and are shaped, and then the tender branches are cut every time, namely, the new branches grown on the secondary branches are cut in a pile-aligning manner, so that the thickness of the tender branches is ensured to be uniform and consistent, the bud tips and the axillary buds grown later are full and uniform in size, the bud tips and the axillary buds are harvested uniformly and consistent, and the quality of the bud tips for tea is improved.
After the second-level branches grow a plurality of new buds, only one robust axillary bud is left in each second-level branch to enable the second-level branches to grow new branches, and bud picking of the rest new buds is collected to be used as tea bud leaves, and the process is carried out on the second-level branches in a circulating mode every year. Can be cut many times in one year, dozens to hundreds of tender tips and axillary buds of bud leaves can be harvested on one secondary branch, and the yield of the mulberry buds such as the bud tips and the axillary buds is increased by dozens or hundreds of times. The specific operation is as follows: axillary buds reserved on the secondary branches grow into tender branches and grow, and when the secondary branches reach 80-100 cm, bud tips are pinched to be used as tea; picking leaves 14-20 days later and using the leaves as tea or mulberry leaf powder; when the axillary buds growing on the petioles grow to 2-3 cm, cutting off new branches in a pile, and intensively picking up buds to collect the axillary buds; the cycle is 4-6 times per year. The mulberry tea is produced year after year by batch, stage and batch in a round cutting way, and the use efficiency of mulberry tea production equipment is balanced and improved.
In this embodiment, the following two ways are arranged in a round of felling in a certain number of days in the growing period of the mulberry:
1) performing alternate cutting every 25 days; scheduling a first round of felling from day 4 and day 15; then the second to seven rounds of felling are scheduled for 5 months and 10 days, 6 months and 5 days, 6 months and 30 days, 7 months and 25 days, 8 months and 20 days, 9 months and 15 days respectively.
2) Arranging a batch of cutting modes to implement the round felling by adopting accumulated temperature of 600 ℃ or 800 ℃:
arranging a batch of cutting modes to implement felling according to the average temperature of each month and day in local year and the accumulated temperature of 600 ℃ or 800 ℃ from the time when the temperature is stably reached to 18 ℃ in spring; after the first cutting, arranging a batch of cutting every time the accumulated temperature of the mulberry field reaches 600 ℃ or 800 ℃.
In this embodiment, taking the example of performing round felling by arranging a batch of cutting at a temperature of 600 ℃, the specific operation method is as follows: the average daily temperature t of each month in the local year is obtained by inquiring from the local weather bureauxAnd (3) starting from the stable spring reaching 18 ℃, arranging a batch of cutting modes (usually branches with the length of more than 100CM can be grown) according to the accumulated temperature of 600 ℃ to carry out the round cutting.
For example: average temperature in a certain place and month is shown in the following table
| Month of the year | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
| Temperature of | 6 | 12 | 19 | 23 | 26 | 28 | 30 | 27 | 20 | 16 | 9 | 4 |
Starting cutting at 600 ℃ after the temperature reaches 18 ℃ stably from 10 months to 3 months, starting cutting the first batch from 9 months to 4 months after 21 days from 10 months to 31 months from 3 months to 3 months, wherein the accumulated temperature is 19 multiplied by 21 equals to 399 ℃, 600 plus 399 equals to 201 ℃, and the days of 4 months equals to 201 minus 23 minus 9 days;
second batch time: the total 20 days of 4 months, 10 days and 4 months, 30 days, the accumulated temperature is 20 multiplied by 23 equals to 460 ℃, 600 equals to 140 ℃, the day number of 5 months is 140 minus 26 equals to 5 days, and the second round of felling is started from 5 months and 5 days;
third batch time: starting on day 6/5, starting a third round of felling from day 29/5 (6+23 ═ 29) if the temperature is 600 ÷ 26 ÷ 23;
fourth batch time: 2 days from 30 days in 5 months to 31 days in 5 months, 2 multiplied by 26 temperature is 52 ℃, 600-52 is 548 ℃, 6 months days is 548 ÷ 28 ≈ 20 days, and then the fourth round of felling is started from 20 days in 6 months;
fifth batch time: the total of 10 days from 21 days in 6 months to 30 days in 6 months, the accumulated temperature is 10 multiplied by 28 equals to 280 ℃, the accumulated temperature is 600 multiplied by 280 equals to 320 ℃, the day number in 7 months is 320 minus 30 equals to 11 days, and the fifth round of felling is started from 11 days in 7 months.
Sixth batch time: the sixth round of felling started from 7/31 days with a temperature of 20 × 30 at 600 ℃.
And the seventh batch time: the calculation is started on day 1/8, and the accumulated temperature is 600 ÷ 27 ÷ 22, so that the seventh and third rounds of felling are started on day 23/8.
Eighth batch time: 8 days from 24 days in 8 months to 31 days in 8 months, 8 multiplied by 27 equals 216 ℃, 600 equals 384 ℃, and the number of days in 9 months is 384 minus 20 equals 19 days, then the eighth round of felling is started from 20 days in 9 months.
The whole mulberry field is cut in about 8 batches, new bud leaves are produced in a relatively balanced and uninterrupted manner in the growth period of the mulberry in the year, and the conventional method concentrated in one season with bud tips cannot be generated; each mulberry in the garden is cut for 4-6 times, the germination number is increased by 4-6 times, and especially, the germination number is increased by tens of times and hundreds of times compared with the top bud tip of a single-picked branch.
Applying organic fertilizer once to the tender branches on the secondary branches 8-12 days before cutting each time, and ensuring the nutritional requirements of the tender branches, terminal buds, axillary buds and mulberry leaves on the mulberry.
The method adopts a mode of arranging a batch of cutting at the accumulated temperature of 800 ℃ to implement the round cutting, and the total cutting times in the whole year are reduced by a few, namely the round cutting interval time is prolonged by a few. The calculation method is similar as above; and the total cutting times in one year per plot do not exceed 3 times, so that the influence on the growth of tree vigor caused by too many cutting times is avoided.
The mulberry variety is selected from cold area variety, and the cultivated mulberry is sown by mulberry seeds. Generally, the germination of the cultivated mulberry seeds is improved by 15-20 days compared with the germination of the hybridized good mulberry, which is equivalent to that the mulberry seeds are cold-resistant in northern cold regions after 15-20 days are pushed forward in the growing period of the mulberry, and the germination can be carried out at a lower temperature and 10 days earlier in the southern planting. The seedling mulberry sowed and cultivated by utilizing mulberry seeds in cold areas germinates in advance, which is equivalent to that the growth period of the mulberry is advanced by more than 10 days. The method can lead the factory to produce in advance and balance the production capacity of the factory.
Usually, branches grown after the mulberry shoots are re-repaired in winter or felled in summer grow for more than 4 months, the branches and leaves age gradually, and particularly, the leaves age and fall off before and after entering winter when the temperature is low after autumn. The experimental study shows that the late autumn recutting is added once after autumn comes, namely the last cutting of mulberry is delayed for about 15-20 days before mulberry dormancy every year, so that the annual production time of mulberry tea can be increased for 15-20 days; and (2) cutting again by adopting a pile-aligning or punch-aligning position, wherein one or more new buds are grown about one week after cutting, picked partial tender buds of a plurality of new buds are grown to be used for producing the mulberry bud tea, 1-2 new buds are left, new branches are continuously grown, leaves on the branches are greenish and tender, and the leaf falling can be delayed for about 15-20 days, so that the harvesting period of the mulberry field is delayed for 15-20 days. Therefore, one-time heavy pruning in late autumn is added, the mulberry leaf falling period is delayed, the growth period of the mulberry is prolonged, mulberry leaves can be produced in factories at the early stage of common mulberry leaf falling dormancy, and the production capacity of the factories is balanced.
The regenerated axillary buds of the branches which are heavily pruned in winter or other time are utilized, water culture germination and bud picking are adopted, and annual picking is realized.
The above is an embodiment of the present invention. The embodiments and specific parameters in the embodiments are only for the purpose of clearly illustrating the process of verifying the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the claims, and all the equivalent structural changes made by applying the content of the specification of the invention should be covered by the scope of the invention.
Claims (2)
1. A method for increasing the yield of mulberry bud tips and bud leaves for tea is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: when the tender branches of the mulberry grow to 80-100 cm high in the same year, the tops of the tender branches are pinched to obtain mulberry bud tips serving as tea;
s2: removing the top tender branches, allowing the mulberry leaves to grow for 14-20 days, preparing nutrients through photosynthesis, storing the nutrients in the branches, and picking off the leaves on the tender branches for producing leaf tea or mulberry leaf powder;
s3: cutting off terminal buds of the branches, removing leaf stalks of tender branches with leaves, growing axillary buds, cutting off new branches at the same time when the axillary buds grow to 2-3 cm, intensively picking off buds, and collecting axillary buds to obtain tender tips and bud leaves;
the mulberry is newly planted in a dwarfing close planting mode, and is pruned and tillered in one year, more than three branches grow from one strain to form a primary branch; in the second year, new branches grow on the first-level branches and remain 6-8 branches, second-level branches are formed and shaped, and then, the tender branches are cut every time, namely, the new branches grown on the second-level branches are cut in a pile-aligning manner, shaping is carried out in advance, and the thickness of the new branches is uniform, and the sizes of mulberry buds for tea and leaves for tea are consistent;
after the second-stage branches grow a plurality of new buds, only one robust axillary bud is left in each second-stage branch to enable the second-stage branches to grow new branches, and the rest new buds are collected as tea bud leaves through bud picking; cutting on the secondary branches for 4-6 times in a cycle every year; cutting the whole mulberry field for 6-8 times in the whole annual ring;
the bud tip is pinched to make the mulberry bud tea when the axillary bud reserved in the secondary branch grows into a tender branch with the length of 80-100 cm each time; picking the leaves 14-20 days later to obtain mulberry leaf tea or mulberry leaf powder; when the axillary buds growing on the petioles grow to 2-3 cm, cutting off new branches at the same time, and collecting the axillary buds as mulberry bud tea by centralized bud picking; the mulberry buds are increased by tens or hundreds of times according to the cycle of 4-6 times per year;
applying organic fertilizer once to the tender branches on the secondary branches 8-12 days before shoot cutting and pruning;
selecting a mulberry variety in a cold area, and sowing and cultivating the grown mulberry by adopting mulberry seeds;
the last cutting of mulberry is delayed for about 15-20 days before the mulberry dormancy every year, namely, the leaf falling time is delayed by adding one time of re-cutting in late autumn, and the annual production time of mulberry tea can be increased for 15-20 days.
2. The method for increasing the yield of mulberry bud tips and leaves for tea according to claim 1, wherein the regenerated axillary buds of the branches which are pruned in winter or other time are used, and the branches are germinated by water culture in a greenhouse and picked by picking buds.
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| CN104255237B (en) * | 2014-09-12 | 2016-03-30 | 四川省农业科学院蚕业研究所 | A kind of tea dwarfing culture of mulberry and multilevel branch tree-shaped cultural method |
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| 茶菜桑品种及栽培技术试验;薛忠民，苏超，马云戬，等;《北方蚕业》;20181231;第9-13页 * |
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