CN110622646A

CN110622646A - Ecological utilization method for Mongolian plateau grassland snow currents

Info

Publication number: CN110622646A
Application number: CN201911026667.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李生宇; 范敬龙; 王海峰; 刘国军; 孟晓于; 苗佳敏
Original assignee: Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography of CAS
Current assignee: Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography of CAS
Priority date: 2019-10-26
Filing date: 2019-10-26
Publication date: 2019-12-31
Anticipated expiration: 2039-10-26
Also published as: CN110622646B

Abstract

The invention relates to an ecological utilization method of Mongolian plateau grassland snow currents, which relates to the combined construction of a mechanical windbreak and a plant windbreak and is completed by adopting the steps of site selection and space layout, mechanical windbreak setting and plant windbreak construction. The method can reduce the ground surface wind speed, effectively intercept the winter through-the-air snow flow, reduce soil moisture transpiration, improve the local soil moisture condition, form a shrub and grass composite ecological system with higher vegetation productivity and improve the vegetation productivity of the grassland; effectively intercepts wind and sand flows and seed flows, prevents the loss of grassland substances, forms a small environment suitable for local areas, provides wind and snow shelters and feeds for winter herds, can also improve the control capability of regional desertification, and is an important method for turning harm into benefit from wind and snow flows.

Description

Ecological utilization method for Mongolian plateau grassland snow currents

Technical Field

The invention belongs to an ecological construction method, and particularly relates to an ecological utilization method of Mongolian plateau grassland wind and snow flows.

Background

The Mongolian plateau has less overall rainfall (about 200mm in average), is ecologically fragile, has low grassland productivity, is influenced by climate drought and human grazing, has serious grassland degradation, is suffered from weathering and desertification and sand storm, and has black disasters (dry disasters, occurring in summer) and white disasters (snow disasters, occurring in early winter or early spring) which are frequently alternated, thereby causing serious threats to the property and life safety of herdsmen.

The root system of the herbaceous plant on the grassland is shallow (about 30cm), the drought resistance is poor, and the grassland is still withered and yellow in summer in the late years with little rainfall; the shrubs are deep in root systems (>30cm), can utilize deep soil moisture, have strong drought resistance, and can stretch branches and expand leaves even if raining late. The grassland shrubs play an important role in inhibiting the rapid degradation of the grassland and reducing the loss of substances caused by wind erosion of the grassland soil, and the shrubs are also important feeds for herds on the grassland and are particularly rare life-saving materials for over-white disasters.

The plants in the central and south of the Mongolian plateau mainly grow by means of rainfall in summer, and are less in use for snowfall in winter. In normal years, certain snowfall occurs in Mongolian plateaus, but stable snow is hardly formed on the ground surface under the action of strong wind, and is blown away in the form of wind and snow flow and deposited on leeward sections, even accumulated near roads, houses and shed circles to form snow disasters. The wind and snow flow is a precious water resource in grassland areas, and no relevant report about ecological utilization of the wind and snow flow exists at present.

Aiming at the ecological environment characteristics of Mongolian plateau and the existing problems, the invention develops a shrub forest belt construction method based on wind and snow blowing resource utilization, improves the local habitat condition, improves the vegetation coverage and the plant productivity by reducing the ground surface wind speed and intercepting the wind and snow flow and other substances, and provides a disaster-resistant shelter for winter herds.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an ecological utilization method of Mongolian plateau grassland wind and snow flow, aiming at the problems of low vegetation productivity, serious desertification, multiple black and white disasters and the like of the Mongolian plateau grassland, relating to the combined construction of a mechanical windbreak and a plant windbreak and being completed by adopting the steps of site selection and space layout, mechanical windbreak setting, plant windbreak construction and the like. The method can reduce the ground surface wind speed, effectively intercept the winter through-the-air snow flow, reduce soil moisture transpiration, improve the local soil moisture condition, form a shrub and grass composite ecological system with higher vegetation productivity and improve the vegetation productivity of the grassland; effectively intercepts wind and sand flows and seed flows, prevents the loss of grassland substances, forms a proper local small environment, provides wind and snow shelters and feeds for winter herds, can also improve the control capability of regional desertification, and is an important method for turning the harm into the benefit of the wind and snow flows.

The invention relates to an ecological utilization method of Mongolian plateau grassland snow currents, which is carried out according to the following steps:

a. selecting a section with a wide and flat terrain or slightly low terrain;

b. 3-8 mechanical windbreaks (1) with the height of 1.2-1.8m are arranged in parallel along the direction vertical to the main wind direction of the local winter or crossed at a large angle of more than 60 degrees, a ventilation structure is adopted, the ventilation coefficient is kept at 60-80%, and the width interval of each mechanical windbreak (1) is 50-100 m;

c. planting 4-8 rows of native shrub seedlings at a position 2-10 times of the height of the wind barrier below each mechanical wind barrier (1), establishing the plant wind barriers (2), wherein the plant spacing and the row spacing of the seedlings in the plant wind barriers (2) are 2-3m, the seedlings among the rows are in a delta-shaped staggered layout, the shrub plants with the shorter plant types for row selection are planted close to the mechanical wind barriers (1) and are brocade cocks or caragana korshinskii (5), and the shrub plants with the higher plant types for row selection are planted far away from the mechanical wind barriers (1) and are caragana arborescens or haloxylon (3);

d. and (c) reserving animal channels (4) with the width of 2-3m at intervals of 200-500m for the mechanical windbreaks (1) in the step b and the plant windbreaks (2) in the step c, wherein the animal channels of the adjacent windbreaks are in staggered arrangement, and if the mechanical windbreaks (1) are arranged on the windward side of roads, houses or other buildings, the distance of 15-20 times the height of the mechanical windbreaks (1) is kept.

According to the ecological utilization method of the wind and snow flow in the Mongolian plateau grassland, the mechanical windbreak (1) provides a proper auxiliary condition for the initial growth of the plant windbreak (2), after the plant windbreak (2) grows high, the ground surface wind speed can be reduced for a long time, ground surface substances such as the wind and snow flow and the like are intercepted, the small local environment is improved, a grass irrigation composite ecological system with high vegetation production capacity is formed between the mechanical windbreak (1) and the plant windbreak (2), a wind and snow shelter is provided for herds, and the desert control of the grassland is facilitated.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention.

Detailed Description

Example 1

a. Selecting a land with a wide and flat terrain;

b. 3 mechanical windbreaks 1 with the height of 1.2m are arranged in parallel along the direction vertical to the main wind direction of the local winter, a ventilation structure is adopted, the ventilation coefficient is kept at 60%, and the width interval of each mechanical windbreak 1 is 50 m;

c. planting 4 rows of native shrub seedlings at a windward side 2 times of the height of each mechanical windbreak 1, establishing a plant windbreak 2, wherein the plant spacing and the row spacing of the seedlings in the plant windbreak 2 are 2m, the seedlings among the rows are in a delta-shaped staggered layout, a shrub plant with a shorter plant type is selected as a brocade chicken 5 close to the planting row of the mechanical windbreak 1, and a shrub plant with a higher plant type is selected as a brocade chicken 3 far away from the mechanical windbreak 1;

d. and (c) reserving animal channels 4 with the width of 2m at intervals of 200m for the mechanical windbreaks 1 in the step (b) and the plant windbreaks 2 in the step (c), keeping the animal channels of the adjacent windbreaks in a staggered layout, and keeping the distance of 15 times of the height of the mechanical windbreaks 1 with the mechanical windbreaks 1 if the mechanical windbreaks 1 are arranged on the windward sides of roads, houses and other buildings.

Example 2

a. A section with a slightly depressed terrain is selected.

b. 5 mechanical windbreaks 1 are arranged in parallel along the direction which is intersected with the main wind direction of the local winter by a large angle of more than 60 degrees, the height of each mechanical windbreak 1 can be 1.5m by referring to various sand barriers, a ventilation structure is adopted, the ventilation coefficient is kept at 70%, and the width interval of each mechanical windbreak 1 is 70 m;

c. planting 6 rows of native shrub seedlings at the windward side of each mechanical windbreak 1 by 8 times of the height of the windbreak, establishing a plant windbreak 2, wherein the plant spacing and the row spacing of the seedlings in the plant windbreak 2 are 3m, the seedlings between the rows are in a delta-shaped staggered layout, a shrub plant with a shorter plant type is selected as a caragana microphylla 2 close to the planting row of the mechanical windbreak 1, and a shrub plant shuttle 3 with a higher plant type for row selection is planted away from the mechanical windbreak 1;

d. in the step b and the step c, animal channels 4 with the width of 3m are reserved at intervals of 300m in length of the mechanical windbreaks 1 and the plant windbreaks 2, the animal channels of the adjacent windbreaks are in staggered arrangement, and if the mechanical windbreaks 1 are arranged on the windward side of roads, houses and other buildings, the distance of 18 times the height of the windbreaks is kept.

Example 3

a. Selecting a slightly low-lying area;

b. 6 mechanical windbreaks 1 with the height of 1.8m are arranged in parallel along the direction vertical to the main wind direction of the local winter, a ventilation structure is adopted, the ventilation coefficient is kept at 80%, and the width interval of each mechanical windbreak 1 is 100 m;

c. planting 8 rows of native shrub seedlings at a position 10 times the height of each mechanical windbreak 1 at the leeward side, establishing a plant windbreak 2, wherein the plant spacing and the row spacing of the seedlings in the plant windbreak 2 are 3m, the seedlings in the rows are in a delta-shaped staggered layout, a shrub plant with a shorter plant type is selected as caragana microphylla 5 close to the planting row of the mechanical windbreak 1, and a shrub plant haloxylon shuttle 3 with a higher plant type for row selection is planted far away from the mechanical windbreak 1;

d. and (c) reserving animal channels 4 with the width of 3m every 400m of the mechanical windbreaks 1 in the step b and the plant windbreaks 2 in the step c, keeping the animal channels of the adjacent windbreaks in a staggered layout, and keeping the distance of 20 times of the height of the mechanical windbreaks 1 with the mechanical windbreaks 1 if the mechanical windbreaks 1 are arranged on the windward side of roads, houses and other buildings.

Example 4

a. Selecting a land with a wide and flat terrain;

b. 8 mechanical windbreaks 1 with the height of 1.6m are arranged in parallel along the direction which is intersected with the local main wind direction in winter and has the large angle of more than 60 degrees, a ventilation structure is adopted, the ventilation coefficient is kept at 70 percent, and the width interval of each mechanical windbreak 1 is 80 m;

c. planting 8 rows of native shrub seedlings at the windward side 6 times of the height of each mechanical windbreak 1, establishing a plant windbreak 2, wherein the plant spacing and the row spacing of the seedlings in the plant windbreak 2 are kept at 3m, the seedlings in the rows are in a delta-shaped staggered layout, the shrub plants with shorter plant types are selected as brocade chickens 5 close to the planting rows of the mechanical windbreak 1, and the shrub plants with higher plant types are selected as the brocade chickens 3 far away from the mechanical windbreak 1;

d. and (c) reserving animal channels 4 with the width of 2m at intervals of 500m for the mechanical windbreaks 1 in the step b and the plant windbreaks 2 in the step c, wherein the animal channels of adjacent windbreaks are in staggered arrangement, and if the mechanical windbreaks 1 are arranged on windward sides of roads, houses and other buildings, the distance of 18 times of the height of the mechanical windbreaks 1 is kept.

Claims

1. An ecological utilization method of Mongolian plateau grassland snow currents is characterized by comprising the following steps:

a. selecting a section with a wide and flat terrain or slightly low terrain;

b. 3-8 mechanical windbreaks (1) with the height of 1.2-1.8m are arranged in parallel along the direction vertical to the main wind direction in the local winter or crossed at a large angle of more than 60 ︒, a ventilation structure is adopted, the ventilation coefficient is kept at 60-80%, and the width interval of each mechanical windbreak (1) is 50-100 m;