CN110620380B - Virtual power plant control system - Google Patents
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- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims description 22
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- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007665 sagging Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
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- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
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Abstract
The invention discloses a virtual power plant control system which comprises a layered control system, wherein the layered control system comprises a primary control system, a secondary control system, a tertiary control system and a quaternary control system. The invention combines the operation characteristics of the virtual power plant, provides a virtual power plant layered control strategy based on different time scales, solves the problems that the virtual power plant is difficult to realize the distribution of each micro-source reactive power according to the droop coefficient, the electric energy quality is poor, the system does not have global regulation capability and the like on different time scales and control levels through a layered control system, and ensures that the virtual power plant has global coordination control capability while maintaining certain on-site control capability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of virtual power plants, in particular to a virtual power plant control system.
Background
The existing power system not only has energy waste, but also faces safety problems due to the existence of the two contradictions, the virtual power plant generates the load of each peak shaver set, various energy storage devices and various electric equipment, the load can be regulated more economically and more economically according to the need, the contradiction between the distributed energy sources such as wind energy, solar energy and the like and the power grid is achieved, the virtual power plant also has a solution, the virtual power plant aggregates various distributed energy sources and electric equipment through advanced control, metering, communication and other technologies on the premise of not changing the grid connection mode of each distributed energy source, and the coordinated and optimized operation of a plurality of distributed energy sources is realized through a software framework of a higher layer, so that the impact of the distributed energy source grid connection on the public network is reduced, and the stability and the reliability of the power grid are improved.
At present, virtual power plants often introduce virtual impedance to weaken the influence of resistive components in lines, so that micro sources adopt inductive droop control, and meanwhile, the micro sources adopt improved droop control to meet the requirements of various operation modes of the virtual power plants, but for virtual power plants with multi-voltage source type micro source networking, the droop control only depends on the micro sources, and also has some problems, firstly, the reactive power output by the micro sources adopting the inductive droop control cannot be distributed according to droop coefficients due to the unequal voltage drop and uneven load distribution of each line impedance of the virtual power plants, very large power errors are caused by small output voltage difference, overcurrent of an inverter is extremely easy to cause, secondly, the droop control is poor control, when the system power fluctuation is large, the voltage and the frequency of the system exceed the allowable operation range, and secondly, the output power of an energy storage device in the virtual power plant is limited by the control, the output power of the energy storage device is required to be adjusted according to the economic scheduling of the system, and the virtual power plant has the problems that the reactive power output of each micro source cannot be distributed according to the droop coefficients, the power quality is poor, and the global adjustment capability of the system is not achieved due to the droop control only depends on the micro sources.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a virtual power plant control system which can realize the distribution of each micro-source reactive power in a virtual power plant according to the droop coefficient, improve the electric energy quality and enable the system to have global regulation capability.
In order to solve the technical problems, an aspect of the present invention provides a virtual power plant control system, which includes a hierarchical control system, wherein the hierarchical control system includes a primary control system, a secondary control system, a tertiary control system and a quaternary control system; wherein:
the primary control system comprises a renewable energy power generation system, wherein an energy storage element and a power type energy storage element are arranged in the renewable energy power generation system and are used for realizing optimization coordination control in the micro source;
the secondary control system comprises a plurality of micro-sources and a droop control micro-source DR unit, and is used for realizing automatic power distribution;
the three-level control system comprises a voltage and frequency control unit, a tie line power control unit and a dual-mode switching control unit, and is used for maintaining the frequency and voltage of the system in a normal range;
the four-level control system comprises a day-ahead power generation planning unit, a day-in optimization scheduling unit and a real-time plan adjusting unit, and is used for determining the power fluctuation proportion born by each micro source in the two-level and three-level control process of the virtual power plant.
Preferably, the primary control system is used for scheduling the interior of the micro-source to coordinate and control the renewable energy power generation system, the energy storage element and the power type energy storage element, so that the whole micro-source system outputs power according to the requirement of the secondary control system of the virtual power plant, and the millisecond-level load fluctuation is adjusted.
Preferably, the secondary control system comprises a plurality of subsystems including a micro-source unit and a micro-source DR unit; the micro source comprises an inverter interface type micro source and a rotating motor interface type micro source; wherein the rotary motor interface type micro source adopts a micro source DR unit controlled by inductive sagging;
the secondary control system is used for performing droop control of the micro-source body by utilizing the droop control micro-source DR unit, so that each micro-source is executed by the micro-source body according to the power base point value issued by the energy management system EMS and the instantaneous load power fluctuation in the gradient distribution system of the droop characteristic curve, and the second-level load fluctuation is adjusted.
Preferably, the three-level control system comprises a voltage and frequency control unit, a tie line power control unit and a dual-mode switching control unit; wherein:
the voltage and frequency control unit is used for adjusting the no-load frequency and no-load voltage of the droop characteristic curve when the load fluctuation in the system is large and the power running point of the micro source deviates from the base point value greatly, maintaining the frequency and the voltage of the system within the allowable range, and controlling the load fluctuation of the minute level by executing the energy management system EMS of the virtual power plant;
the tie line power control unit is used for controlling the power of a tie line between the virtual power plant and an external power grid;
the dual-mode switching control unit is used for carrying out dual-mode switching control on island and grid connection of the micro-grid.
Preferably, the frequency and voltage operating range determined by the inverter droop curve in the voltage and frequency control unit is determined by the base point power operating point and droop coefficient of the inverter.
Preferably, the four-stage control system comprises a daily power generation planning unit, a daily optimization scheduling unit and a real-time plan adjustment unit, wherein:
the day-ahead power generation planning unit is used for combining power prediction and load prediction of renewable energy power generation in the virtual power plant to generate a daily power generation plan;
the daily optimization scheduling unit is used for determining the running power base point value of each micro source and the slope of the sagging characteristic curve according to the economic scheduling, the residual electric quantity of the energy storage system and other information, determining the power fluctuation proportion born by each micro source in the two-level and three-level control process of the virtual power plant, and carrying out daily optimization scheduling according to the power generation plan and the load;
the real-time plan adjustment unit adjusts the power generation plan generated by the day-ahead power generation plan unit in real time, and controls the power generation plan to the load fluctuation of the hour level by the execution of the virtual power plant energy management system EMS.
The embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the virtual power plant control system provided by the invention can be combined with the running characteristics of the virtual power plant to implement virtual power plant layered control strategies based on different time scales, and the problems that the virtual power plant is difficult to realize the distribution of each micro-source reactive power according to the droop coefficient, the electric energy quality is poor, the system does not have global regulation capability and the like are solved on different time scales and control levels through the layered control system, so that the virtual power plant has global coordination control capability while maintaining certain in-situ control capability.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings which are required in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the description below are only some embodiments of the invention, and that it is within the scope of the invention to one skilled in the art to obtain other drawings from these drawings without inventive faculty.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a virtual power plant control system according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the invention will be readily understood, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. The invention may be embodied in many other forms than described herein and similarly modified by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention, which is therefore not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
Referring to fig. 1, a schematic structural diagram of a virtual power plant control system provided by the present invention is shown. In this embodiment, the virtual power plant control system includes a hierarchical control system 1, where the hierarchical control system includes a primary control system 11, a secondary control system 12, a tertiary control system 13, and a quaternary control system 14; wherein:
the primary control system 11 comprises a renewable energy power generation system 111, wherein an energy storage element 112 and a power type energy storage element 113 are arranged in the renewable energy power generation system 111 and are used for realizing optimization coordination control in a micro source;
the secondary control system 12 comprises a plurality of micro-sources and a droop control micro-source DR unit, which is used for realizing automatic power distribution;
the three-stage control system 13 includes a voltage and frequency control unit 131, a link power control unit 132, and a dual mode switching control unit 133 for maintaining the frequency and voltage of the system within a normal range;
the four-stage control system 14 comprises a day-ahead power generation planning unit 141, a day-ahead optimal scheduling unit 142 and a real-time plan adjusting unit 143, and is used for determining the power fluctuation proportion born by each micro source in the two-stage and three-stage control process of the virtual power plant.
More specifically, in one example, the primary control system 11 is configured to schedule the renewable energy power generation system 111, the energy storage element 112, and the power storage element 113 to coordinate and control the renewable energy power generation system 111, the energy storage element 112, and the power storage element 113, so that the entire micro-source system outputs power according to the requirements of the secondary control system 12 of the virtual power plant, adjust load fluctuation in millisecond level, and improve technical and economic performances of the internal energy storage system of the micro-source. .
More specifically, in one example, the secondary control system includes a plurality of subsystems including a micro-source 121 and a micro-source Demand Response (DR) unit 122; the micro source comprises an inverter interface type micro source and a rotating motor interface type micro source; the rotating motor interface type micro source adopts a micro source DR unit controlled by inductive droop, and can realize load power sharing with the rotating motor interface type micro source;
the secondary control system is used for performing droop control of the micro-source body by utilizing the droop control micro-source DR unit, so that each micro-source is executed by the micro-source body according to the power base point value issued by the Energy Management System (EMS) and the instantaneous load power fluctuation in the gradient distribution system of the droop characteristic curve, and the load fluctuation of the second level is adjusted.
More specifically, in one example, the three-stage control system 13 includes a voltage and frequency control unit 131, a link power control unit 132, and a dual mode switching control unit 133; wherein:
the voltage and frequency control unit 131 is configured to adjust an idle frequency and an idle voltage of the droop characteristic curve when a load fluctuation in the system is large, resulting in a large deviation of a power operating point of the micro-source from a base point value, maintain the frequency and the voltage of the system within an allowable range, and control the load fluctuation of a minute level by an Energy Management System (EMS) of the virtual power plant;
the tie-line power control unit 132 is used for controlling the power of the tie-line between the virtual power plant and the external power grid;
the dual-mode switching control unit 133 is used for performing dual-mode switching control of micro-grid island and grid connection.
Wherein the frequency and voltage operating range determined by the inverter droop curve in the voltage and frequency control unit 131 is determined by the base point power operating point and droop coefficient of the inverter.
In the secondary control, a method of increasing the droop coefficient is adopted to improve the power distribution precision and the system response speed, the droop coefficient is selected without considering the upper limit and the lower limit of the system frequency and the voltage operation, and when the load fluctuation of the system causes the operation point of the inverter to deviate from the base point power point far, the frequency and the voltage of the system can exceed the upper limit and the lower limit range allowed by the system, so that the virtual power plant needs to be subjected to three-level control to improve the voltage quality of the virtual power plant, and the frequency and the voltage of the system are maintained in the normal range.
More specifically, in one example, the four-stage control system 14 includes a day-ahead power generation planning unit 141, an intra-day optimization scheduling unit 142, and a real-time plan adjustment unit 143, in which:
the day-ahead power generation planning unit 141 is configured to combine a power prediction and a load prediction of renewable energy power generation in the virtual power plant to generate a daily power generation plan;
the daily optimization scheduling unit 142 is used for determining the running power base point value and the slope of the sagging characteristic curve of each micro source according to the economic scheduling, the residual electric quantity of the energy storage system and other information, determining the power fluctuation proportion born by each micro source in the two-level and three-level control process of the virtual power plant, and performing daily optimization scheduling according to the power generation plan and the load;
the real-time schedule adjustment unit 143 adjusts the power generation schedule generated by the day-ahead power generation schedule unit 141 in real time, which is controlled for load fluctuation at the hour level by the execution of a virtual power plant Energy Management System (EMS).
The principle of operation of the present invention is briefly described below:
when the system is used, the primary control system 11 can dispatch the interior of the micro-source, and the coordination control among the renewable source power generation system, the energy type energy storage and the power type energy storage is adopted, so that the whole micro-source system can output power according to the requirement of the secondary control of the virtual power plant, and the technical and economic performances of the internal energy storage system of the micro-source are improved; the secondary control system 12 utilizes the droop control of the micro sources to enable each micro source to execute by the micro source according to the power base point value and the transient load power fluctuation in the gradient distribution system of the droop characteristic curve, and the micro source adjusts the load fluctuation of second level; when load fluctuation in the system is large and the power operating point of the micro source deviates from a base point value greatly, the three-level control system 13 adjusts the idle frequency and the idle voltage of the sagging characteristic curve, maintains the frequency and the voltage of the system within an allowable range, is executed by an energy management system of the virtual power plant, controls the load fluctuation of a minute level, and simultaneously comprises the power control of a connecting line between the virtual power plant and an external power grid, and the island and grid-connected dual-mode switching control of the micro power grid; determining the running power base point value and the slope of a sagging characteristic curve of each micro source by utilizing a four-stage control system 14 in combination with the power prediction and the load prediction of renewable energy power generation in the virtual power plant according to the economic dispatch, the residual electric quantity of an energy storage system and other information, determining the power fluctuation proportion born by each micro source in the two-stage and three-stage control process of the virtual power plant, and controlling the load fluctuation of the hour stage by executing EMS of the virtual power plant; in summary, for a virtual power plant which is formed by a plurality of micro-source networking adopting droop control, the primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary control functions of the virtual power plant in the island operation state can be realized by depending on the control characteristics of the virtual power plant energy management system and the micro-source, so that the safe, stable and economic operation of the virtual power plant is realized.
The embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the virtual power plant control system provided by the invention can be combined with the running characteristics of the virtual power plant to implement virtual power plant layered control strategies based on different time scales, and the problems that the virtual power plant is difficult to realize the distribution of each micro-source reactive power according to the droop coefficient, the electric energy quality is poor, the system does not have global regulation capability and the like are solved on different time scales and control levels through the layered control system, so that the virtual power plant has global coordination control capability while maintaining certain in-situ control capability.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art, who is within the scope of the present invention, should make equivalent substitutions or modifications according to the technical scheme of the present invention and the inventive concept thereof, and should be covered by the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A virtual power plant control system comprising a hierarchical control system (1), characterized in that the hierarchical control system comprises a primary control system (11), a secondary control system (12), a tertiary control system (13) and a quaternary control system (14); wherein:
the primary control system (11) comprises a renewable energy power generation system (111), and an energy storage element (112) and a power type energy storage element (113) are arranged in the renewable energy power generation system (111) and are used for realizing optimal coordination control in the micro source;
the secondary control system (12) comprises a plurality of micro-source units (121) and a droop control micro-source DR unit (122) for realizing automatic power distribution;
the three-stage control system (13) comprises a voltage and frequency control unit (131), a tie-line power control unit (132) and a dual-mode switching control unit (133) for maintaining the frequency and voltage of the system within a normal range;
the four-level control system (14) comprises a day-ahead power generation planning unit (141), a day-ahead optimal scheduling unit (142) and a real-time plan adjusting unit (143) and is used for determining the power fluctuation proportion born by each micro source in the two-level and three-level control process of the virtual power plant;
wherein the micro source unit (121) includes an inverter interface type micro source and a rotating motor interface type micro source; wherein the rotary motor interface type micro source adopts a micro source DR unit controlled by inductive sagging;
the secondary control system is used for performing droop control of the micro-source body by utilizing the droop control micro-source DR unit, so that each micro-source is executed by the micro-source body according to the power base point value issued by the Energy Management System (EMS) and the instantaneous load power fluctuation in the gradient distribution system of the droop characteristic curve, and the load fluctuation of the second level is adjusted.
2. A virtual power plant control system according to claim 1, characterized in that the primary control system (11) is configured to schedule the micro-source internal to coordinate control among the renewable energy power generation system (111), the energy storage element (112) and the power storage element (113), so that the entire micro-source system adjusts load fluctuation in millisecond level according to the required output power of the secondary control system (12) of the virtual power plant.
3. A virtual power plant control system according to claim 2, characterized in that the three-stage control system (13) comprises a voltage and frequency control unit (131), a tie-line power control unit (132) and a dual mode switching control unit (133); wherein:
the voltage and frequency control unit (131) is used for adjusting the no-load frequency and no-load voltage of the droop characteristic curve when the load fluctuation in the system is large and the power running point of the micro-source deviates from the base point value greatly, maintaining the frequency and the voltage of the system within the allowable range, and controlling the load fluctuation of the minute level by an Energy Management System (EMS) of the virtual power plant;
the tie-line power control unit (132) is used for controlling the power of a tie-line between the virtual power plant and an external power grid;
the dual-mode switching control unit (133) is used for carrying out micro-grid island and grid-connected dual-mode switching control.
4. A virtual power plant control system according to claim 3, characterized in that the frequency and voltage operating range determined by the inverter droop curve in the voltage and frequency control unit (131) is determined by the base point power operating point and droop factor of the inverter.
5. A virtual power plant control system according to claim 4, characterized in that the four-stage control system (14) comprises a daily power generation planning unit (141), a daily optimization scheduling unit (142) and a real-time planning adjustment unit (143), wherein:
the day-ahead power generation planning unit (141) is used for combining the power prediction and the load prediction of renewable energy power generation in the virtual power plant to generate a daily power generation plan;
the daily optimization scheduling unit (142) is used for determining the running power base point value of each micro source and the slope of the sagging characteristic curve according to the economic scheduling and the residual electric quantity information of the energy storage system, determining the power fluctuation proportion born by each micro source in the two-level and three-level control process of the virtual power plant, and carrying out daily optimization scheduling according to the power generation plan and the load;
a real-time schedule adjustment unit (143) adjusts the power generation schedule generated by the day-ahead power generation schedule unit (141) in real time, and controls the power generation schedule to be subjected to load fluctuation at the hour level by the execution of a virtual power plant Energy Management System (EMS).
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| CN113688567B (en) * | 2021-08-10 | 2023-08-11 | 华北电力大学（保定） | Virtual power plant two-stage optimization scheduling method considering impact load |
| CN115049323B (en) * | 2022-08-16 | 2022-11-15 | 东方电子股份有限公司 | Virtual power plant monitoring system based on distributed resource collaboration |
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