CN110620380A - Virtual power plant control system - Google Patents
Virtual power plant control system Download PDFInfo
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- CN110620380A CN110620380A CN201910835850.6A CN201910835850A CN110620380A CN 110620380 A CN110620380 A CN 110620380A CN 201910835850 A CN201910835850 A CN 201910835850A CN 110620380 A CN110620380 A CN 110620380A
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- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
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- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
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Abstract
The invention discloses a virtual power plant control system which comprises a hierarchical control system, wherein the hierarchical control system comprises a primary control system, a secondary control system, a tertiary control system and a quaternary control system. The invention provides a virtual power plant hierarchical control strategy based on different time scales by combining the self operation characteristics of the virtual power plant, solves the problems that the virtual power plant is difficult to realize the distribution of each micro-source reactive power according to a droop coefficient, the electric energy quality is poor, the system does not have the global regulation capability and the like through a hierarchical control system on different time scales and control levels, and ensures that the virtual power plant has the global coordination control capability while keeping a certain local control capability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of virtual power plants, in particular to a control system of a virtual power plant.
Background
The existing power system not only has energy waste but also faces safety problems due to the existence of two contradictions, the virtual power plant is generated from the two contradictions, the virtual power plant has the advantages that the loads of each peak shaving unit, various energy storage devices and various electric equipment are efficiently and economically adjusted to achieve the aim of increasing and decreasing the loads more economically according to needs, the virtual power plant also has a solution to the contradiction between the distributed energy sources such as wind energy, solar energy and the like and the power grid, the virtual power plant aggregates various distributed energy sources and electric equipment through advanced technologies such as control, metering, communication and the like on the premise of not changing the grid-connected mode of each distributed energy source, and realizes the coordinated optimization operation of a plurality of distributed energy sources through a higher-level software framework, therefore, the impact of the distributed energy grid connection on the public network is reduced, and the stability and the reliability of the power grid are improved.
At present, virtual impedance is often introduced into a virtual power plant to weaken the influence of resistive components in a line, so that a micro source can adopt inductive droop control, meanwhile, the micro source can meet the requirements of various operation modes of the virtual power plant by adopting improved droop control, however, for the virtual power plant of a multi-voltage source type micro source networking, droop control only depending on the micro source has some problems, firstly, because of unequal voltage drop on each line impedance of the virtual power plant and uneven load distribution, reactive power output by the micro source adopting inductive droop control cannot be distributed according to a droop coefficient, a very small output voltage difference can cause a very large power error, the overcurrent of a current converter is very easy to cause, secondly, droop control is differential control, when the fluctuation of system power is large, the voltage and frequency of the system can exceed an allowable operation range, and secondly, the output power of an energy storage device in the virtual power plant is limited by the inductive droop control, the output of the power plant needs to be adjusted according to economic dispatching of the system, and in view of the fact that droop control only depends on micro sources, the virtual power plant has the problems that distribution of reactive power of each micro source according to a droop coefficient is difficult to achieve, the quality of electric energy is poor, the system does not have global regulation capacity, and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a virtual power plant control system, which can realize the distribution of each micro-source reactive power in a virtual power plant according to a droop coefficient, improve the electric energy quality and enable the system to have global regulation capability.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a virtual power plant control system on one hand, which comprises a hierarchical control system, wherein the hierarchical control system comprises a primary control system, a secondary control system, a tertiary control system and a quaternary control system; wherein:
the primary control system comprises a renewable energy power generation system, wherein an energy storage element and a power type energy storage element are arranged in the renewable energy power generation system and are used for realizing the optimized coordination control inside the micro-source;
the secondary control system comprises a plurality of micro-sources and a micro-source DR unit for droop control, and is used for realizing automatic power distribution;
the three-level control system comprises a voltage and frequency control unit, a tie line power control unit and a dual-mode switching control unit, and is used for maintaining the frequency and the voltage of the system within a normal range;
the four-level control system comprises a day-ahead power generation planning unit, an intra-day optimization scheduling unit and a real-time plan adjusting unit and is used for determining the power fluctuation proportion born by each micro source in the second-level and third-level control processes of the virtual power plant.
Preferably, the primary control system is configured to schedule the interior of the micro-source to coordinate and control the renewable energy power generation system, the energy storage element and the power type energy storage element, so that the whole micro-source system outputs power according to the requirement of the secondary control system of the virtual power plant, and millisecond-level load fluctuation is adjusted.
Preferably, the secondary control system comprises a plurality of subsystems including the micro-source units and the micro-source DR units; the micro source comprises an inverter interface type micro source and a rotating electrical machine interface type micro source; wherein, the rotary electric machine interface type micro source adopts a micro source DR unit controlled by inductive droop;
the secondary control system is used for performing droop control of the micro-source by using the droop-controlled micro-source DR unit, so that each micro-source distributes instantaneous load power fluctuation in the system according to a power base value issued by the energy management system EMS and the slope of the droop characteristic curve, and the micro-source performs the instantaneous load power fluctuation to adjust second-level load fluctuation.
Preferably, the three-stage control system comprises a voltage and frequency control unit, a tie-line power control unit and a dual-mode switching control unit; wherein:
the voltage and frequency control unit is used for adjusting the no-load frequency and the no-load voltage of the droop characteristic curve when the load fluctuation in the system is large, so that the power operating point of the micro source deviates from a base point value, the frequency and the voltage of the system are maintained within an allowable range, the Energy Management System (EMS) of the virtual power plant executes the control on the load fluctuation of a minute level;
the tie line power control unit is used for controlling the power of a tie line between the virtual power plant and an external power grid;
the dual-mode switching control unit is used for carrying out dual-mode switching control on an isolated island and a grid of the micro-grid.
Preferably, the frequency and voltage operating ranges determined by the inverter droop curves in the voltage and frequency control unit are determined by the base point power operating point and the droop coefficient of the converter.
Preferably, the four-stage control system comprises a day-ahead power generation planning unit, an intra-day optimization scheduling unit and a real-time plan adjusting unit, wherein:
the day-ahead power generation planning unit is used for generating a daily power generation plan by combining power prediction and load prediction of renewable energy power generation in the virtual power plant;
the in-day optimized scheduling unit is used for determining an operating power base value and a slope of a droop characteristic curve of each micro source according to information such as economic scheduling and residual electric quantity of the energy storage system, determining a power fluctuation proportion born by each micro source in the secondary and tertiary control processes of the virtual power plant, and performing in-day optimized scheduling according to the power generation plan and the load;
the real-time plan adjusting unit adjusts the power generation plan generated by the day-ahead power generation planning unit in real time, and the real-time plan adjusting unit is executed by the virtual power plant energy management system EMS to control the load fluctuation at the hour level.
The embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the virtual power plant control system provided by the invention can be combined with the operation characteristics of the virtual power plant, a virtual power plant hierarchical control strategy based on different time scales is implemented, and the problems that the virtual power plant is difficult to realize the distribution of each micro-source reactive power according to a droop coefficient, the electric energy quality is poor, the system does not have the global regulation capability and the like are solved on different time scales and control levels through the hierarchical control system, so that the virtual power plant has the global coordination control capability while keeping a certain local control capability.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is within the scope of the present invention for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on the drawings without inventive exercise.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a virtual power plant control system according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein, but rather should be construed as broadly as the present invention is capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, a schematic structural diagram of a virtual power plant control system according to the present invention is shown. In this embodiment, the virtual power plant control system includes a hierarchical control system 1, and is characterized in that the hierarchical control system includes a first-level control system 11, a second-level control system 12, a third-level control system 13, and a fourth-level control system 14; wherein:
the primary control system 11 includes a renewable energy power generation system 111, and an energy storage element 112 and a power type energy storage element 113 are arranged in the renewable energy power generation system 111, and are used for realizing optimized coordination control inside a micro source;
the secondary control system 12 comprises a plurality of micro-sources and a micro-source DR unit for droop control, and is used for realizing automatic power distribution;
the three-stage control system 13 includes a voltage and frequency control unit 131, a tie-line power control unit 132, and a dual-mode switching control unit 133 for maintaining the frequency and voltage of the system within a normal range;
the four-level control system 14 includes a day-ahead power generation planning unit 141, an intra-day optimization scheduling unit 142, and a real-time plan adjusting unit 143, and is configured to determine a power fluctuation ratio borne by each micro source in the second-level and third-level control processes of the virtual power plant.
More specifically, in one example, the primary control system 11 is configured to schedule the micro-source internal to enable the renewable energy power generation system 111, the energy storage element 112, and the power type energy storage element 113 to perform coordinated control, so that the entire micro-source system outputs power according to the requirement of the secondary control system 12 of the virtual power plant, adjust the load fluctuation on the millisecond level, and improve the technical and economic performance of the micro-source internal energy storage system. .
More specifically, in one example, the secondary control system includes a plurality of subsystems including a micro-source 121 and a micro-source Demand Response (DR) unit 122; the micro source comprises an inverter interface type micro source and a rotating electrical machine interface type micro source; the rotary motor interface type micro source adopts a micro source DR unit controlled by inductive droop, and can realize load power sharing with the rotary motor interface type micro source;
the two-stage control system is used for performing droop control of the micro-source by using the droop-controlled micro-source DR unit, so that each micro-source distributes instantaneous load power fluctuation in the system according to a power base value issued by an Energy Management System (EMS) and the slope of a droop characteristic curve, and the micro-source performs the instantaneous load power fluctuation to adjust second-level load fluctuation.
More specifically, in one example, the three-stage control system 13 includes a voltage and frequency control unit 131, a tie-line power control unit 132, and a dual-mode switching control unit 133; wherein:
the voltage and frequency control unit 131 is configured to adjust the no-load frequency and the no-load voltage of the droop characteristic curve when the load fluctuation in the system is large, which causes the power operating point of the micro-source to deviate from the base point value, to maintain the frequency and the voltage of the system within an allowable range, and is executed by an Energy Management System (EMS) of the virtual power plant to control the load fluctuation in the minute level;
the tie line power control unit 132 is configured to control the power of the tie line between the virtual power plant and the external power grid;
the dual-mode switching control unit 133 is used for performing dual-mode switching control of the microgrid island and grid connection.
The frequency and voltage operating range determined by the inverter droop curve in the voltage and frequency control unit 131 is determined by the base point power operating point and the droop coefficient of the converter.
In the secondary control, the method of increasing the droop coefficient is adopted to improve the power distribution precision and the system response speed, the selection of the droop coefficient does not consider the upper limit and the lower limit of the system frequency and voltage operation, and when the load fluctuation of the system causes the operation point of the inverter to deviate from the power point of the base point for a long distance, the frequency and the voltage of the system can exceed the upper limit and the lower limit range allowed by the system, so that the virtual power plant needs to be subjected to three-level control to improve the voltage quality of the virtual power plant, and the frequency and the voltage of the system are maintained in a normal range.
More specifically, in one example, the four-stage control system 14 includes a day-ahead power generation planning unit 141, an intra-day optimization scheduling unit 142, and a real-time plan adjustment unit 143, wherein:
the day-ahead power generation planning unit 141 is configured to generate a daily power generation plan by combining power prediction and load prediction of renewable energy power generation in the virtual power plant;
the in-day optimal scheduling unit 142 is configured to determine an operating power base value and a slope of a droop characteristic curve of each micro source according to information such as economic scheduling and remaining power of the energy storage system, determine a power fluctuation ratio borne by each micro source in a secondary and tertiary control processes of the virtual power plant, and perform in-day optimal scheduling according to the power generation plan and the load;
the real-time plan adjustment unit 143 adjusts the power generation plan generated by the future power generation planning unit 141 in real time, which is controlled for load fluctuations on an hourly level by execution of a virtual power plant Energy Management System (EMS).
The operating principle of the present invention is briefly described below:
when the micro-source scheduling control system is used, the inside of a scheduling micro-source can be controlled through the primary control system 11, and the coordination control among the renewable source power generation system, the energy type energy storage and the power type energy storage is realized, so that the whole micro-source system can output power according to the requirement of secondary control of a virtual power plant, and the technical and economic performances of the energy storage system inside the micro-source are improved; by using the droop control of the micro-sources per se through the secondary control system 12, each micro-source distributes the instantaneous load power fluctuation in the system according to the power base point value issued by the system and the slope of the droop characteristic curve, and the instantaneous load power fluctuation is executed by the micro-source per se to adjust the second-level load fluctuation; in the three-level control system 13, when the load fluctuation in the system is large, which causes the deviation of the power operating point of the micro source from the base point value to be large, the no-load frequency and the no-load voltage of the droop characteristic curve are adjusted, the frequency and the voltage of the system are maintained within an allowable range, the three-level control system is executed by an energy management system of a virtual power plant, the control is performed aiming at the load fluctuation of a minute level, and meanwhile, the three-level control system also comprises the tie line power control between the virtual power plant and an external power grid and the micro-grid island and grid; the four-level control system 14 is combined with power prediction and load prediction of renewable energy power generation in the virtual power plant, the operating power base value and the slope of a droop characteristic curve of each micro source are determined according to information such as economic dispatch and the residual electric quantity of an energy storage system, the power fluctuation proportion born by each micro source in the second-level and third-level control processes of the virtual power plant is determined, and the load fluctuation of the small level is controlled by the execution of the virtual power plant EMS; in summary, for a virtual power plant which is formed by networking a plurality of micro sources adopting droop control, the control functions of the first, second, third and fourth stages of the virtual power plant in the island operation state can be realized by depending on the control characteristics of the virtual power plant energy management system and the micro sources, so that the safe, stable and economic operation of the virtual power plant is realized.
The embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the virtual power plant control system provided by the invention can be combined with the operation characteristics of the virtual power plant, a virtual power plant hierarchical control strategy based on different time scales is implemented, and the problems that the virtual power plant is difficult to realize the distribution of each micro-source reactive power according to a droop coefficient, the electric energy quality is poor, the system does not have the global regulation capability and the like are solved on different time scales and control levels through the hierarchical control system, so that the virtual power plant has the global coordination control capability while keeping a certain local control capability.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A virtual power plant control system comprises a hierarchical control system (1), and is characterized in that the hierarchical control system comprises a primary control system (11), a secondary control system (12), a tertiary control system (13) and a quaternary control system (14); wherein:
the primary control system (11) comprises a renewable energy power generation system (111), wherein an energy storage element (112) and a power type energy storage element (113) are arranged in the renewable energy power generation system (111) and are used for realizing optimized coordination control inside a micro source;
the secondary control system (12) comprises a plurality of micro-source units (121) and a droop-controlled micro-source DR unit (122) and is used for realizing automatic power distribution;
the three-level control system (13) comprises a voltage and frequency control unit (131), a tie line power control unit (132) and a dual-mode switching control unit (133) for maintaining the frequency and voltage of the system within a normal range;
the four-level control system (14) comprises a day-ahead power generation planning unit (141), a day-in optimization scheduling unit (142) and a real-time plan adjusting unit (143), and is used for determining the power fluctuation proportion born by each micro source in the second-level and third-level control processes of the virtual power plant.
2. A virtual power plant control system according to claim 1, characterized in that the primary control system (11) is configured to schedule micro-source internal coordination control among the renewable energy power generation system (111), the energy storage element (112) and the power type energy storage element (113), so that the whole micro-source system adjusts millisecond load fluctuation according to the required output power of the secondary control system (12) of the virtual power plant.
3. The virtual power plant control system according to claim 2, characterized in that the micro-source unit (121) comprises an inverter-interface type micro-source and a rotating electrical machine-interface type micro-source; wherein, the rotary electric machine interface type micro source adopts a micro source DR unit controlled by inductive droop;
the two-stage control system is used for performing droop control of the micro-source by using the droop-controlled micro-source DR unit, so that each micro-source distributes instantaneous load power fluctuation in the system according to a power base value issued by an Energy Management System (EMS) and the slope of a droop characteristic curve, and the micro-source performs the instantaneous load power fluctuation to adjust second-level load fluctuation.
4. A virtual plant control system according to claim 3, characterized in that the tertiary control system (13) comprises a voltage and frequency control unit (131), a tie line power control unit (132) and a dual mode switching control unit (133); wherein:
the voltage and frequency control unit (131) is used for adjusting the no-load frequency and the no-load voltage of the droop characteristic curve when the load fluctuation in the system is large, so that the power operating point of the micro source deviates from the base point value, the frequency and the voltage of the system are maintained within an allowable range, and the control is performed by an Energy Management System (EMS) of the virtual power plant and is used for controlling the load fluctuation in minute level;
the tie line power control unit (132) is configured to control the power of the tie line between the virtual power plant and the external power grid;
the dual-mode switching control unit (133) is used for carrying out micro-grid island and grid-connected dual-mode switching control.
5. A virtual power plant control system according to claim 4, characterized in that the frequency and voltage operating range determined by the inverter droop curve in the voltage and frequency control unit (131) is determined by the base point power operating point and the droop coefficient of the converter.
6. A virtual plant control system according to claim 5, characterized in that the four-level control system (14) comprises a day-ahead power generation planning unit (141), an in-day optimization scheduling unit (142) and a real-time plan adjustment unit (143), wherein:
the day-ahead power generation planning unit (141) is used for generating a daily power generation plan by combining power prediction and load prediction of renewable energy power generation in the virtual power plant;
the in-day optimized scheduling unit (142) is used for determining the operating power base value and the slope of a droop characteristic curve of each micro source according to information such as economic scheduling and the residual electric quantity of the energy storage system, determining the power fluctuation proportion born by each micro source in the second-level and third-level control processes of the virtual power plant, and performing in-day optimized scheduling according to the power generation plan and the load;
a real-time plan adjustment unit (143) adjusts in real time the power generation plan generated by the future power generation planning unit (141), and controls the load fluctuation on the order of hours by execution of a virtual power plant Energy Management System (EMS).
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