CN110615700A - Degraded soil 'ecological simulation' soil cultivation and restoration method - Google Patents
Degraded soil 'ecological simulation' soil cultivation and restoration method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110615700A CN110615700A CN201911063788.XA CN201911063788A CN110615700A CN 110615700 A CN110615700 A CN 110615700A CN 201911063788 A CN201911063788 A CN 201911063788A CN 110615700 A CN110615700 A CN 110615700A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B13/00—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials
- C05B13/02—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials from rock phosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention discloses an 'ecological simulation' soil cultivation and restoration method for degraded soil, which comprises the steps of mixing any one of crop straws, dead branches and fallen leaves, weeds, humus and plant ash with human and animal excreta, and stacking to form raw materials in a semi-rotten or rotten state; adding calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, potassium magnesium sulfate fertilizer, polyhalite and/or mineral powder into the raw materials in a semi-decomposed or decomposed state, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixture; the mixture is mixed according to the proportion of 300-1000 m3Stacking the materials on the surface of soil per mu, leveling, beating and compacting the materials, and then covering the materials by using a covering film; and (3) stacking and covering the mixed material for at least 3 months, removing the covering film to obtain secondary fermented fertilizer, and removing at least 98% of the secondary fermented fertilizer on the surface of the soil to finish the restoration of the degraded soil. The invention covers the semi-decomposed or decomposed mixture on the surface of the soil, and forms humus soil in the simulated natural forestThe mixture forms a special 'isolation layer' and is subjected to natural stacking and secondary fermentation treatment, so that the aim of recovering the land capability of the degraded soil is fulfilled.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of land restoration, and particularly relates to an ecological simulation land cultivation restoration method for degraded soil, which is simple and convenient to operate, low in cost and good in restoration effect.
Background
The water and fertilizer retention performance of the soil is an important index for judging whether the soil is healthy or not. The continuous cropping of tobacco planting soil, pseudo-ginseng planting soil and the like causes soil degradation phenomena such as land fertility reduction, structure deterioration, pathogenic bacteria base increase, beneficial microbial population reduction and the like, and finally shows that the water and fertilizer retention performance of the soil is reduced, the growth vigor of crops is hindered, and the yield quality of tobacco leaves, pseudo-ginseng and the like is reduced. Therefore, in the production of crops such as tobacco leaves and pseudo-ginseng, a soil remediation method capable of rapidly restoring soil fertility, restoring soil structure and reducing soil in a short period is very important. At present, aiming at the problem of soil degradation, the traditional method generally adopts a rotation mode to solve, but for high-quality tobacco leaves and pseudo-ginseng producing areas, the rotation mode is difficult to meet the production requirement due to the scarcity of land resources. Although the use of farmyard manure, the use of special compound fertilizers and the use of soil conditioners are increased to improve the soil at present, the use is limited due to the large use amount of the farmyard manure and the difficulty in controlling plant diseases and insect pests; the special compound fertilizer can temporarily improve the soil fertility, but can cause soil hardening; the current soil conditioner has relatively good effect, but also has the problems of high cost and strong limitation of crop planting.
In the natural ecological environment, under the combined action of rainwater, macro organisms (animals, insects and the like) and soil microorganisms, the topsoil of the soil gradually changes into humus (the humus is an important raw material for improving the soil for crop cultivation), so that the soil fertility is increased. However, since the process is naturally completed for a long time, it usually takes 5-8 years or even longer without human intervention. Therefore, it is unacceptable to attempt to automatically repair degraded soil by nature.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the 'ecological simulation' soil cultivation restoration method for the degraded soil, which is simple and convenient to operate, low in cost and good in restoration effect.
The invention is realized by the following steps: the method comprises the steps of material preparation, premixing, composting and soil arrangement, and specifically comprises the following steps:
A. preparing materials: mixing at least one of crop straws, dead branches and fallen leaves, weeds, humus and plant ash with human and animal manure, and stacking and covering the mixed raw materials to form a semi-decomposed or decomposed state with the water content of 20-50%;
B. premixing: uniformly adding a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, a potassium magnesium sulfate fertilizer, polyhalite and/or the mineral powder into the raw materials in a semi-decomposed or decomposed state, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixture for later use;
C. composting: mixing the mixture obtained in the step B according to the proportion of 300-1000 m3Naturally stacking the mixture per mu on the surface of the pre-repaired degraded soil, leveling, beating and compacting the stacked mixture, and then covering the mixture by using a film stack;
D. soil preparation: and D, stacking and covering the mixed materials in the step C for at least 3 months, removing the covering film to obtain fermented fertilizer, and removing at least 98% of secondary fermented fertilizer on the surface of the soil after stacking and covering, namely completing the restoration of the degraded soil.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention reasonably matches human and animal feces and urine with natural products, then carries out stacking fermentation to form a semi-decomposed or decomposed raw material containing rich nutrient components such as humic acid, active carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like and various microorganisms and unclear components having effect on improving soil, then supplements necessary fertilizer in the raw material to form a mixture, accumulates the mixture on the surface of soil with a certain thickness and covers a film, thereby forming an isolation layer between soil and air, carrying out secondary fermentation on the isolation layer, under the action of gravity, anaerobism and the like, enabling the humic acid, the active carbon, inorganic elements, microorganisms and some unknown components to interact and settle to a soil plough layer (0-25 cm), and under the combined action of soil particles, pathogens, beneficial microorganisms and the like in the soil, the microorganism fermentation production and nutrient permeation in the mixture to supplement the nutrient components in the soil, the plough layer soil is gradually compacted, the air permeability is increased, pathogenic microorganisms are reduced, deep microorganisms are bred, the soil structure is optimized, the soil particle structure tends to be improved, the purpose of recovering the land capability of degraded soil is achieved, the soil degradation caused by continuous cropping can be effectively improved, and the soil with lower land capability can also be effectively improved.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, but is not limited thereto in any way, and any modification or improvement based on the teaching of the present invention is within the scope of the present invention.
The method comprises the steps of material preparation, premixing, composting and soil preparation, and specifically comprises the following steps:
A. preparing materials: mixing at least one of crop straws, dead branches and fallen leaves, weeds, humus and plant ash with human and animal manure, and stacking and covering the mixed raw materials to form a semi-decomposed or decomposed state with the water content of 20-50%;
B. premixing: uniformly adding a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, a potassium magnesium sulfate fertilizer, polyhalite and/or mineral powder corresponding to the fertilizers into the raw materials in a semi-decomposed or decomposed state, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixture for later use;
C. composting: mixing the mixture obtained in the step B according to the proportion of 300-1000 m3Naturally stacking the mixture per mu on the surface of the pre-repaired degraded soil, leveling, beating and compacting the stacked mixture, and then covering the mixture by using a film stack;
D. soil preparation: and D, stacking and covering the mixed materials in the step C for at least 3 months, removing the covering film to obtain secondary fermented fertilizer, and removing at least 98% of the secondary fermented fertilizer stacked on the surface of the soil to finish the restoration of the degraded soil.
The crop straws in the step A comprise all crop straws except solanaceae and cucurbitaceae.
The solanaceae crops comprise tobacco, eggplant, peppers and potatoes, and the cucurbitaceae crops comprise cucumbers, pumpkins and watermelons.
The volume percentage of human and animal manure in the raw materials mixed in the step A is 10-30%, the water content of the raw materials in a semi-decomposed state is 30-50%, and the water content of the raw materials in a decomposed state is 20-30%.
The raw material judgment standard of the decomposed state is as follows:
1) the volume of the fertilizer pile is reduced to about 1/3;
2) no noticeable odor or irritation;
3) the straws are softened and fragile, are black, and have loose granular structures;
4) the temperature in the reactor is reduced to below 40 ℃;
5) no germ, no worm egg, no activity of weed seed.
The raw material judgment standard of the semi-decomposed state is as follows:
1) the volume of the fertilizer pile is reduced to 1/3-1/2;
2) no noticeable odor or irritation;
3) the straws are softened and fragile;
4) the temperature in the reactor is reduced to below 40 ℃;
5) the activity of pathogenic bacteria, worm eggs and weed seeds is reduced by more than 80 percent.
The addition amount of the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer in the step B is 15-20 Kg/m3。
And C, composting in autumn, winter or spring rainy season, and plowing the pre-remediated degraded soil before composting.
The plowing is to plow the plough layer completely.
The above-mentionedThe relative humidity of the surface layer of the degraded soil pre-repaired in the step C is 13-25%, and the decomposed mixture is 300-600 m3The half-rotted mixture is piled up according to the amount per mu of the mixture and naturally piled up or piled up according to the thickness of 50-80 cm after naturally piled up, and the half-rotted mixture is piled up according to the thickness of 600-1000 m3The amount per mu is naturally stacked or stacked according to the thickness of 90-150 cm after natural stacking.
And the thickness of the film in the step C is more than 0.01 mm.
And D, stacking the mixture in the step D at the temperature of-10-40 ℃ and the relative humidity of 10-80% for at least 3 months, and removing the cover film.
And D, performing secondary fermentation on the semi-decomposed mixture in the step D for 5-6 months, and removing the cover film, wherein the cover film is removed after the semi-decomposed mixture is stacked for 3-5 months.
And D, removing at least 98% of decomposed secondary fermentation fertilizer after the surface of the soil is stacked or removing at least 99% of semi-decomposed secondary fermentation fertilizer after the surface of the soil is stacked.
D, burying the residual secondary fermentation fertilizer removed in the step D into the plough layer soil in a shallow hoe or soil moisture management mode, and finishing the restoration of the degraded soil.
And D, directly returning the decomposed secondary fermented fertilizer removed in the step D as farmyard manure or using the fertilizer as a raw material of a commercial organic fertilizer, and returning the semi-decomposed secondary fermented fertilizer to the step B as a raw material in a semi-decomposed state.
Examples
In 2018, the soil for continuous cropping of flue-cured tobacco in a scattered campsite tobacco area in Fei-Ying city and Lu Fei-Lu county for 10 years is improved, and a flue-cured tobacco planting comparison test is carried out on the soil before and after improvement in the same plot in 2019, wherein the soil improvement process is as follows:
s100: mixing marigold straw and marigold flower wastes with human and animal manure (wherein the human and animal manure accounts for 20% by volume), and stacking the mixed raw materials to form a rotten state with the water content of 20-30%.
S200: uniformly adding polyhalite (a main component of a potash magnesium sulphate fertilizer) into the formed decomposed raw materials according to the amount of 15Kg/m3, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixture for later use.
S300: in autumn, winter or spring and other rainy seasons, turning over all plough layers of the pre-restored degraded soil by 25-30 cm before composting to form 13-25% relative humidity of the soil surface layer, naturally stacking the decomposed mixture to form a stacking layer with the thickness of 50-80 cm, covering the stacking layer on the surface of the pre-restored degraded soil, flattening, beating and compacting the stacked stacking layer, and covering the stacking layer with a plastic film with the thickness of 0.012 mm.
S400: stacking the stacked layer at-10-40 ℃ and relative humidity of 10-80% for 4-5 months, removing the covering film to obtain secondary fermentation fertilizer, removing 98% of the secondary fermentation fertilizer stacked on the surface of the soil, burying the residual 2% of the secondary fermentation fertilizer into the soil of the plough layer in a soil moisture management manner, namely completing restoration of the degraded soil, and returning the removed secondary fermentation fertilizer serving as farmyard manure to other land blocks needing improvement.
The flue-cured tobacco planting comparative test results are shown in table 1, table 2, table 3 and table 4.
TABLE 1 statistical table of main biological properties of tobacco plants before and after improvement of continuous cropping soil of flue-cured tobacco
Remarking: the control is only turned deeply and does not pile up fermented fertilizer or fermented liquid of fermented fertilizer on the ground. The same applies below.
As seen from the table 1, the soil restored by the 'ecological simulation' mode improves the growth vigor and the uniformity of tobacco plants in a field, increases the plant height and the stem circumference, and improves the agronomic characters of the tobacco plants.
TABLE 2 statistical table of field diseases and tobacco leaf production quality before and after improvement of flue-cured tobacco continuous cropping soil
As seen from the table 2, the soil restored by the 'ecological simulation' mode reduces the morbidity of tobacco plants in the field, has obvious effects on black shank, anthracnose and brown spot, and finally obviously improves the first-class tobacco proportion and economic benefit of tobacco leaves.
TABLE 3 statistics table for fertilizing amount before and after improvement of continuous cropping soil of flue-cured tobacco
As shown in Table 3, the amount of farmyard manure and compound fertilizer in the soil restored by the 'ecological simulation' method is obviously reduced, so that the input cost of the produced fertilizer is greatly saved.
TABLE 4 Table for testing soil nutrient accumulation before and after improving continuous cropping soil of flue-cured tobacco
As shown in Table 4, the soil restored by the 'ecological simulation' method has improved pH value, and obviously increased organic matters, quick-acting nitrogen and available phosphorus, thereby improving the soil fertility level.
Claims (10)
1. An ecological simulation soil cultivation and restoration method for degraded soil is characterized by comprising the steps of material preparation, premixing, composting and soil arrangement, and specifically comprises the following steps:
A. preparing materials: mixing at least one of crop straws, dead branches and fallen leaves, weeds, humus and plant ash with human and animal manure, and stacking and covering the mixed raw materials to form a semi-decomposed or decomposed state with the water content of 20-50%;
B. premixing: uniformly adding a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, a potassium magnesium sulfate fertilizer, polyhalite and/or mineral powder corresponding to the fertilizers into the raw materials in a semi-decomposed or decomposed state, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixture for later use;
C. composting: mixing the mixture obtained in the step B according to the proportion of 300-1000 m3Naturally stacking the mixture per mu on the surface of the pre-repaired degraded soil, leveling, beating and compacting the stacked mixture, and then covering the mixture by using a film stack;
D. soil preparation: and D, stacking and covering the mixed materials in the step C for at least 3 months, removing the covering film to obtain secondary fermented fertilizer, and removing at least 98% of the secondary fermented fertilizer stacked and covered on the surface of the soil to finish the restoration of the degraded soil.
2. The method for restoring ecological simulation of cultivation in degraded soil according to claim 1, wherein the crop stalks of step A include all the crop stalks except the stalks of Solanaceae and Cucurbitaceae.
3. The method for restoring cultivated land by "ecological simulation" of degraded soil according to claim 2, wherein the volume percentage of human and animal excreta in the mixed raw material of step a is 10-30%, the water content of the raw material in semi-decomposed state is 30-50%, and the water content of the raw material in decomposed state is 20-30%.
4. The 'ecological simulation' soil cultivation and restoration method for degraded soil according to claim 1, wherein the addition amount of the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer in the step B is 15-20 Kg/m3。
5. The method for "ecological simulation" of soil reclamation according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the C step is performed in autumn, winter or spring rainless season, and the pre-remediated degraded soil is plowed before composting.
6. The 'ecological simulation' soil cultivation and restoration method for degraded soil according to claim 5, wherein the relative humidity of the surface layer of the degraded soil pre-restored in the step C is 13-25%, and the decomposed mixture is 300-600 m3Naturally stacking the amount per mu or stacking the amount per mu to form a thickness of 50-80 cm, wherein the semi-decomposed mixture is 600-1000 m3The amount per mu is naturally stacked or stacked according to the thickness of 90-150 cm after natural stacking.
7. The method for restoring soil culture according to claim 5, wherein the step D comprises removing the mulch film after the mixture is stacked and covered at-10 to 40 ℃ and 10 to 80% relative humidity for at least 3 months.
8. The method for restoring cultivated lands by "ecological simulation" of degraded soil according to claim 7, wherein in step D, the semi-decomposed mixture is subjected to stacking for 5-6 months, and then the mulch film is removed, and the decomposed mixture is subjected to stacking for 3-5 months.
9. The method of claim 5, wherein at least 98% of the composted secondary fermented fertilizer is removed or at least 99% of the composted secondary fermented fertilizer is removed after the soil surface is covered.
10. The method for restoring degraded soil through "ecological simulation" cultivation according to claim 5, wherein the secondary fermented fertilizer remaining after the removal in step D is buried in the soil of the plough layer by means of shallow hoeing or soil moisture management, thereby completing restoration of the degraded soil.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112616584A (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2021-04-09 | 奉节县登鼎蔬菜种植专业合作社 | Planting method of corn |
| CN112673873A (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-04-20 | 奉节县蓬运农业开发有限公司 | Plum planting method |
| WO2024127388A1 (en) * | 2022-11-18 | 2024-06-20 | Icl Europe Cooperatief U.A. | A composition of polyhalite and manure and uses thereof |
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| CN1405269A (en) * | 2001-12-18 | 2003-03-26 | 中国科学院长春地理研究所 | Method for rapidly increasing soil organic matter of dry-farming land |
| JP2006335601A (en) * | 2005-06-01 | 2006-12-14 | Shiwa Hozen:Kk | Fertilizer or soil conditioner, its producing method, and method for producing cultivation-type soil conditioner using the fertilizer or soil conditioner |
| CN107200657A (en) * | 2017-05-24 | 2017-09-26 | 安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | A kind of nonirrigated farmland stalk field is locally had holidays by turns compost returning to the field method |
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2019
- 2019-11-04 CN CN201911063788.XA patent/CN110615700A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
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| CN1405269A (en) * | 2001-12-18 | 2003-03-26 | 中国科学院长春地理研究所 | Method for rapidly increasing soil organic matter of dry-farming land |
| JP2006335601A (en) * | 2005-06-01 | 2006-12-14 | Shiwa Hozen:Kk | Fertilizer or soil conditioner, its producing method, and method for producing cultivation-type soil conditioner using the fertilizer or soil conditioner |
| CN107200657A (en) * | 2017-05-24 | 2017-09-26 | 安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | A kind of nonirrigated farmland stalk field is locally had holidays by turns compost returning to the field method |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112616584A (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2021-04-09 | 奉节县登鼎蔬菜种植专业合作社 | Planting method of corn |
| CN112673873A (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-04-20 | 奉节县蓬运农业开发有限公司 | Plum planting method |
| WO2024127388A1 (en) * | 2022-11-18 | 2024-06-20 | Icl Europe Cooperatief U.A. | A composition of polyhalite and manure and uses thereof |
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Application publication date: 20191227 |