CN110593887B - High-pressure water jet-mechanical coupling integrated rock breaking disc type hob and rock breaking method - Google Patents
High-pressure water jet-mechanical coupling integrated rock breaking disc type hob and rock breaking method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110593887B CN110593887B CN201911025941.XA CN201911025941A CN110593887B CN 110593887 B CN110593887 B CN 110593887B CN 201911025941 A CN201911025941 A CN 201911025941A CN 110593887 B CN110593887 B CN 110593887B
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 235
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
- E21D9/1066—Making by using boring or cutting machines with fluid jets
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-pressure water jet-mechanical coupling integrated rock breaking disc type hob and a rock breaking method, which solve the problem that in the prior art, the matching degree of high-pressure water jet and a rotatable cutter is not high. The cutter comprises a cutter shaft, a cutter body and a cutter ring, wherein the cutter body is arranged on the cutter shaft, the cutter ring is arranged on the cutter body, a high-pressure water inlet channel is arranged in the cutter shaft, a high-pressure water outlet channel is arranged in the cutter ring, the high-pressure water outlet channel corresponds to the high-pressure water inlet channel, and the high-pressure water outlet channel corresponds to the high-pressure water outlet channel. The invention adopts embedded high-pressure water jet, namely, high-pressure water enters the hob through the high-pressure water inlet channel, then the high-pressure water is outwards ejected from the high-pressure water outlet channel through the high-pressure water distribution channel to form high-pressure water jet, the high-pressure water jet impacts the rock surface before the hob impacts the rock surface to generate cracks, and then the hob (cutter ring) rolls and breaks the rock surface with the cracks, so that the tunneling efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of shield machines, in particular to a high-pressure water jet-mechanical coupling integrated rock breaking disc type hob and a rock breaking method.
Background
The tunnel boring machine is large tunnel excavation equipment integrating mechanical, electronic, hydraulic and laser technologies and plays an important role in mountain tunnels and urban subway engineering construction. In the hard rock tunneling process, the hardness of the rock is large, the stress of a cutter head and the cutter are complex, the abrasion of the cutter is rapid, the cutter changing frequency is relatively high, and the construction efficiency is greatly restricted. In addition, the tool changing operation of the shield machine is huge in cost and long in period, the operation environment is bad, and operators bear great safety risks. The development of a novel hob suitable for hard rock tunneling is an urgent subject.
The high-pressure water jet is that water is pressurized to more than tens of megapascals by a high-pressure water generating device, and is converted into high-speed micro jet by a spraying device with a 'fine pore' characteristic, the speed of the high-pressure water jet is generally more than one Mach number, and the high-pressure water jet has huge striking energy and can be used for industrial cutting, mining exploitation, surface cleaning, material crushing and the like. Compared with mechanical rock breaking, the water jet assisted mechanical cutter rock breaking can improve the rock breaking capacity of the cutter, reduce the resistance of the cutter, prolong the service life of the cutter, reduce the dust concentration and the like.
However, at present, the water jet auxiliary rock breaking design is mainly focused on the cooperation of high-pressure water jet and a cutter, such as the high-pressure water sealing device of a development machine and the development machine of CN201520205459.5, the method for designing the cutter head of the development machine of CN201610167478.2 high-pressure water jet full-face rock, the method for assisting the development machine to develop extremely hard rock by utilizing a hydraulic fracturing technology of CN201710474096.9 and the like, or the cutter fixed on the cutter head, such as a cutting pick and the like (CN 201410052647.9 is a development machine high-pressure water jet auxiliary cutting head), the high-pressure water jet system and the cutter disclosed in the document are independently designed, the cooperation degree of the water jet and the cutter is not high, and the rotatable cutter for realizing the integrated high-pressure water jet-mechanical coupling rock breaking for the disk hob and the like is still a research blank area.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the background technology, the invention provides a high-pressure water jet-mechanical coupling integrated rock breaking disc type hob and a rock breaking method, which solve the problem that the matching degree of the high-pressure water jet and a rotatable cutter in the prior art is not high.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows: the high-pressure water jet-mechanical coupling integrated rock breaking disc type hob comprises a hob shaft, a hob body and a hob ring, wherein the hob body is arranged on the hob shaft, the hob ring is arranged on the hob body, a high-pressure water inlet channel is arranged in the hob shaft, a high-pressure water outlet channel is arranged in the hob body, the high-pressure water outlet channel corresponds to the high-pressure water inlet channel, and the high-pressure water outlet channel corresponds to the high-pressure water outlet channel.
The high-pressure water inlet duct comprises an axial water inlet duct and a plurality of radial water inlet ducts, and the radial water inlet duct is communicated with the axial water inlet duct.
The central axis of the axial water inlet duct coincides with the central axis of the cutter shaft, and the radial water inlet duct is positioned on the cross section of the same cutter shaft.
The cutter body comprises a cutter shell, the cutter shell is arranged on the cutter shaft through two symmetrically arranged bearings, an axial check ring is arranged between the two symmetrically arranged bearings, a sealing piece is arranged between the axial check ring and the cutter shell, and a high-pressure water distribution channel is radially arranged in the cutter shell.
The axial baffle ring is provided with a first radial through hole, the sealing element is provided with a second radial through hole, one end of the first radial through hole corresponds to the radial water inlet channel, the other end of the first radial through hole corresponds to the second radial through hole, and the second radial through hole corresponds to the high-pressure water distribution channel.
The cutter ring comprises a cutter ring body and water jet nozzles, the high-pressure water outlet pore channels are radially arranged inside the cutter ring body and correspond to the high-pressure water distribution channels one by one, and the water jet nozzles are arranged at the water outlets of the high-pressure water outlet pore channels.
The outermost ring of the cutter ring body is provided with a high-pressure water outlet, and the high-pressure water outlet corresponds to the water jet nozzle.
A rock breaking method of a high-pressure water jet-mechanical coupling integrated rock breaking disc type hob comprises the following steps:
S1: the high-pressure water outlet pore canal on the cutter shaft is connected with a high-pressure water system of the heading machine;
S2: when the high-pressure water jet is used for breaking rock in the tunneling process of the tunneling machine, high-pressure water of the high-pressure water system enters the hob through the high-pressure water inlet channel, then is sprayed outwards through the high-pressure water distribution channel and the high-pressure water outlet channel to form high-pressure water jet to impact on the rock surface, so that the rock surface is cracked, and then the rock surface is rolled by the hob to break the rock.
In step S2, in the rolling process of the hob, high-pressure water enters the high-pressure water distribution channel from the high-pressure water inlet channel and forms pulsed high-pressure water in the high-pressure water outlet channel, and the pulsed high-pressure water is sprayed outwards from the high-pressure water outlet channel to form high-pressure pulsed water jet to impact on the rock surface.
The invention adopts embedded high-pressure water jet, namely, high-pressure water enters the hob through the high-pressure water inlet channel, then the high-pressure water is outwards ejected from the high-pressure water outlet channel through the high-pressure water distribution channel to form high-pressure water jet, the high-pressure water jet impacts the rock surface before the hob impacts the rock surface to generate cracks, and then the hob (cutter ring) rolls and breaks the rock surface with the cracks, so that the tunneling efficiency is improved. Meanwhile, high-pressure water passes through the hob to form high-pressure water jet, so that high-pressure water jet and a cutter are matched highly, the installation design of the high-pressure water jet and the cutter is simplified, and meanwhile, the rock breaking efficiency is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are required for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention and that other drawings may be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort for a person of ordinary skill in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the overall axial internal structure of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the overall radially inner channel arrangement of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of the inside of the cutter ring of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the tunneling state of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1, as shown in fig. 1-3, a high-pressure water jet-mechanical coupling integrated rock breaking disc type hob comprises a hob shaft 1, a hob body 3 and a hob ring 2, wherein the hob body 3 is rotatably installed on the hob shaft 1, and the hob ring 2 is fixedly installed on the hob body 3. The cutter shaft 1 is internally provided with a high-pressure water inlet channel 4, the cutter body 3 is internally provided with a high-pressure water distribution channel 5, the cutter ring 2 is internally provided with a high-pressure water outlet channel 6, the high-pressure water distribution channel 5 corresponds to the high-pressure water inlet channel 4, and the high-pressure water outlet channel 6 corresponds to the high-pressure water distribution channel 5. The cutter ring 2 and the cutter shell 304 can rotate around the cutter shaft 1, so that high-pressure water always keeps working at the front side of the hob along with the rolling of the hob. When the high-pressure water jet device is used, high-pressure water enters the hob through the high-pressure water inlet pore canal 4, then the high-pressure water is outwards ejected from the high-pressure water outlet pore canal 6 through the high-pressure water distribution channel 5 to form high-pressure water jet, the high-pressure water jet impacts the rock surface before the hob impacts the rock surface to generate cracks, and then the hob (cutter ring) rolls and crushes the rock surface with the cracks, so that the tunneling efficiency is improved. Meanwhile, high-pressure water passes through the hob to form high-pressure water jet, so that high-pressure water jet and a cutter are matched highly, the installation design of the high-pressure water jet and the cutter is simplified, and meanwhile, the rock breaking efficiency is improved.
Further, as shown in fig. 2, the high-pressure water inlet channel 4 includes an axial water inlet channel 401 and a plurality of radial water inlet channels 402, and the radial water inlet channels 402 are in communication with the axial water inlet channel 401. The central axis of the axial water inlet channel 401 coincides with the central axis of the cutter shaft 1, the radial water inlet channels 402 are positioned on the same cross section of the cutter shaft 1, namely, the radial water inlet channels are arranged in a divergent mode, the number of the radial water inlet channels is the same as that of the high-pressure water distribution channels and corresponds to one, preferably 36 radial water inlet channels can be arranged on the same cross section of the cutter shaft 1 at equal angles, high-pressure water enters the hob through the axial water inlet channels 401, and then the direction change is realized through the radial water inlet channels 402, so that the high-pressure water can conveniently enter the corresponding high-pressure water distribution channels 5.
Embodiment 2 as shown in fig. 2, a high-pressure water jet-mechanical coupling integrated rock breaking disc type hob, the hob body 3 comprises a hob body 304, the hob body 304 is mounted on the hob shaft 1 through two symmetrically arranged bearings 303, the hob body 304 comprises a top main housing and two side housings, and the main housing and the two side housings seal the two bearings. An axial check ring 302 is arranged between two symmetrically arranged bearings 303, the axial check ring 302 is sleeved on the cutter shaft, a sealing element 301 is arranged between the axial check ring 302 and the cutter shell 304, the sealing element 301 and the axial check ring 302 are arranged in a relatively static mode, or the sealing element 301 and the cutter shell 304 are arranged in a relatively static mode, and the sealing element 301 is used for sealing the bearings and is convenient for high-pressure water to pass through. The high-pressure water distribution channel 5 is radially disposed within the knife housing 304. In order to facilitate the directional passing of the high-pressure water, the axial retainer ring 302 is provided with a plurality of first radial through holes 305, the sealing member 301 is provided with a plurality of second radial through holes 306, one end of each first radial through hole 305 corresponds to the corresponding radial water inlet channel 402 one by one, the other end corresponds to the corresponding second radial through hole 306 one by one, and in order to realize the matching with the radial water inlet channel, preferably, the first radial through holes and the second radial through holes are also provided with 36 equal angles. The second radial through holes 306 correspond to the high-pressure water distribution channels 5, which are also preferably provided 36 and equiangularly. The high-pressure water from the radial water inlet channel sequentially passes through the first radial through hole and the second radial through hole, then enters the high-pressure water distribution channel, and is outwards ejected through the high-pressure water outlet channel 6 to form high-pressure water jet. In the passive rotation process of the hob shell of the hob, the high-pressure water distribution channel is continuously matched with different first radial through holes or the first radial through holes and the second radial through holes to form pulsed high-pressure water, and then the pulsed high-pressure water is outwards ejected through the high-pressure water outlet pore canal 6 to form high-pressure pulsed water jet, and the impact crushing is carried out on the edge surface.
Further, as shown in fig. 4, the cutter ring 2 includes a cutter ring body 202 and a water jet nozzle 201, the high-pressure water outlet channels 6 are radially disposed inside the cutter ring body 202 and are in one-to-one correspondence with the high-pressure water distribution channels 5, high-pressure water coming out of the high-pressure water distribution channels directly enters the high-pressure water outlet channels, the water jet nozzle 201 is disposed at a water outlet of the high-pressure water outlet channels 6, and then a high-pressure water jet is formed through the water jet nozzle. The outermost ring of the cutter ring body 202 is provided with a high-pressure water outlet 203, the high-pressure water outlet 203 corresponds to the water jet nozzle 201, and high-pressure water jet formed by the water jet nozzle is sprayed out through the high-pressure water outlet 203, so that the high-pressure water is always kept at the front side of the hob for breaking rock along with the rolling of the hob.
Other structures are the same as in embodiment 1.
Example 3: a rock breaking method of a high-pressure water jet-mechanical coupling integrated rock breaking disc type hob comprises the following steps:
s1: the high-pressure water outlet pore canal 6 on the cutter shaft 1 is connected with a high-pressure water system of the heading machine;
S2: when the high-pressure water jet is used for rock breaking in the tunneling process of the tunneling machine, high-pressure water of the high-pressure water system enters the hob through the high-pressure water inlet channel 4, then is sprayed outwards through the high-pressure water distribution channel 5 and the high-pressure water outlet channel 6 to form high-pressure water jet to impact on the rock surface, so that cracks are generated on the rock surface, and then the rock surface is rolled by the hob to break the rock, as shown in fig. 5.
In step S2, during the rolling process of the hob, the hob housing passively rotates, the high-pressure water distribution channel continuously cooperates with different first radial through holes (the sealing element is arranged stationary relative to the axial retainer ring) or the first radial through holes cooperate with the second radial through holes (the sealing element is arranged stationary relative to the hob housing), the high-pressure water enters the high-pressure water distribution channel 5 and the high-pressure water distribution channel 6 from the high-pressure water inlet channel 4 to form pulsed high-pressure water, and the pulsed high-pressure water is sprayed outwards from the high-pressure water distribution channel 6 to form high-pressure pulsed water jet to impact on the rock surface. The high-pressure water jet and the hob are matched to break rock together, so that the tunneling efficiency is improved, meanwhile, the high-pressure water jet can play a role in dust fall, and the construction environment condition is improved.
Other structures are the same as those of embodiment 2.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a broken rock disk hobbing cutter of high pressure water jet-mechanical coupling integral type, includes arbor (1), cutter body (3) and cutter ring (2), and cutter body (3) are installed on arbor (1), and cutter ring (2) are installed on cutter body (3), its characterized in that: a high-pressure water inlet channel (4) is arranged in the cutter shaft (1), a high-pressure water distribution channel (5) is arranged in the cutter body (3), a high-pressure water outlet channel (6) is arranged in the cutter ring (2), the high-pressure water distribution channel (5) corresponds to the high-pressure water inlet channel (4), and the high-pressure water outlet channel (6) corresponds to the high-pressure water distribution channel (5);
The cutter body (3) comprises a cutter shell (304), the cutter shell (304) is arranged on the cutter shaft (1) through two symmetrically arranged bearings (303), an axial check ring (302) is arranged between the two symmetrically arranged bearings (303), a sealing piece (301) is arranged between the axial check ring (302) and the cutter shell (304), and the high-pressure water distribution channel (5) is radially arranged in the cutter shell (304);
The axial retainer ring (302) is provided with a first radial through hole (305), the sealing piece (301) is provided with a second radial through hole (306), one end of the first radial through hole (305) corresponds to the radial water inlet channel (402), the other end corresponds to the second radial through hole (306), and the second radial through hole (306) corresponds to the high-pressure water distribution channel (5); the high-pressure water distribution channel is continuously matched with different first radial through holes to form pulsed high-pressure water;
The cutter ring (2) comprises a cutter ring body (202) and water jet nozzles (201), the high-pressure water outlet channels (6) are arranged in the cutter ring body (202) in a radial direction and correspond to the high-pressure water distribution channels (5) one by one, and the water jet nozzles (201) are arranged at the water outlets of the high-pressure water outlet channels (6).
2. The high pressure water jet-mechanical coupling integral rock breaking disc hob according to claim 1, characterized in that: the high-pressure water inlet duct (4) comprises an axial water inlet duct (401) and a plurality of radial water inlet duct (402), and the radial water inlet duct (402) is communicated with the axial water inlet duct (401).
3. The high pressure water jet-mechanical coupling integral rock breaking disc hob according to claim 2, characterized in that: the central axis of the axial water inlet duct (401) coincides with the central axis of the cutter shaft (1), and the radial water inlet duct (402) is positioned on the cross section of the same cutter shaft (1).
4. A high pressure water jet-mechanical coupling integrated rock breaking disc hob according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: the outermost ring of the cutter ring body (202) is provided with a high-pressure water outlet (203), and the high-pressure water outlet (203) corresponds to the water jet nozzle (201).
5. A method of breaking rock for a high pressure water jet-mechanically coupled integral rock breaking disc cutter as claimed in claim 1 or 4, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
S1: the high-pressure water inlet duct (4) on the cutter shaft (1) is connected with a high-pressure water system of the heading machine;
S2: when the high-pressure water jet is used for rock breaking in the tunneling process of the tunneling machine, high-pressure water of the high-pressure water system enters the hob through the high-pressure water inlet channel (4), then is sprayed outwards through the high-pressure water distribution channel (5) and the high-pressure water outlet channel (6) to form high-pressure water jet to impact on the rock surface, so that the rock surface is cracked, and then the rock surface is rolled by the hob to break the rock.
6. The method for breaking rock of the high-pressure water jet-mechanical coupling integrated rock breaking disc hob according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S2, in the rolling process of the hob, high-pressure water enters the high-pressure water distribution channel (5) and the high-pressure water outlet channel (6) from the high-pressure water inlet channel (4), and forms pulsed high-pressure water, and the pulsed high-pressure water is sprayed outwards from the high-pressure water outlet channel (6) to form high-pressure pulsed water jet to impact on a rock surface.
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CN201911025941.XA CN110593887B (en) | 2019-10-25 | 2019-10-25 | High-pressure water jet-mechanical coupling integrated rock breaking disc type hob and rock breaking method |
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CN110593887B true CN110593887B (en) | 2024-06-14 |
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CN112593954B (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2022-07-15 | 武汉大学 | High-abrasiveness hard rock stratum TBM hob ring cooling and wear monitoring integrated system |
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CN202187770U (en) * | 2011-07-28 | 2012-04-11 | 王茂 | End cap fixed type shield machine single blade hobbing cutter with wear display function |
CN103821511A (en) * | 2014-02-17 | 2014-05-28 | 中国矿业大学 | Heading machine cutting head assisted by high-pressure water jet |
CN110318766A (en) * | 2019-07-02 | 2019-10-11 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Machinery-waterpower combined-breaking rock TBM digging device and its driving method |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE4002742C2 (en) * | 1990-02-05 | 1994-03-24 | Minnovation Ltd | Water spraying for cutting or cutting bodies in mining |
CN205225265U (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2016-05-11 | 马鞍山灵山机械设备科技有限公司 | Canned type shield constructs quick -witted hobbing cutter |
CN206972246U (en) * | 2017-05-25 | 2018-02-06 | 中国铁建重工集团有限公司 | A kind of broken rock cutter, cutter head of shield machine and shield machine |
CN107083967B (en) * | 2017-06-20 | 2023-06-27 | 武汉大学 | Method and system for assisting tunnel boring machine in tunneling extremely hard rock by utilizing hydraulic fracturing technology |
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Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN202187770U (en) * | 2011-07-28 | 2012-04-11 | 王茂 | End cap fixed type shield machine single blade hobbing cutter with wear display function |
CN103821511A (en) * | 2014-02-17 | 2014-05-28 | 中国矿业大学 | Heading machine cutting head assisted by high-pressure water jet |
CN110318766A (en) * | 2019-07-02 | 2019-10-11 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Machinery-waterpower combined-breaking rock TBM digging device and its driving method |
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