CN110567814A - Neutron imaging method for natural gas hydrate sediment triaxial mechanical test - Google Patents
Neutron imaging method for natural gas hydrate sediment triaxial mechanical test Download PDFInfo
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- CN110567814A CN110567814A CN201910790243.2A CN201910790243A CN110567814A CN 110567814 A CN110567814 A CN 110567814A CN 201910790243 A CN201910790243 A CN 201910790243A CN 110567814 A CN110567814 A CN 110567814A
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- NMJORVOYSJLJGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane clathrate Chemical compound C.C.C.C.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O NMJORVOYSJLJGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000008239 natural water Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000013170 computed tomography imaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005640 de Broglie wave Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001683 neutron diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001956 neutron scattering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/20—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by using diffraction of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating crystal structure; by using scattering of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating non-crystalline materials; by using reflection of the radiation by the materials
- G01N23/203—Measuring back scattering
- G01N23/204—Measuring back scattering using neutrons
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
- G01N2203/0256—Triaxial, i.e. the forces being applied along three normal axes of the specimen
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a method capable of carrying out high-precision imaging on an internal structure of a natural gas hydrate sediment triaxial mechanical test. The method is characterized in that the characteristic that the molecular structure size of the hydrate is close to the wavelength of cold neutrons is utilized, the energy of the neutron beams is reduced, and the mass attenuation coefficient of the neutron beams is improved, so that the discrimination of natural gas hydrate, natural gas and water molecules is enhanced, the imaging resolution of the internal structure of the natural gas hydrate sediment is improved, and the high-precision imaging of the structure in the triaxial mechanical test process of the natural gas hydrate is realized. By the method, creep and relaxation rules in the forming and decomposing processes of the natural gas hydrate sample can be obtained, and the dynamic response process of reservoir stability after natural gas hydrate development is favorably recognized. The method is characterized in that the characteristic that the molecular structure size of the hydrate is close to the wavelength of cold neutrons is utilized, the energy of the neutron beams is reduced, and the mass attenuation coefficient of the neutron beams is improved, so that the discrimination of natural gas hydrate, natural gas and water molecules is enhanced, the imaging resolution is improved, and the high-precision imaging of the dynamic condensation and dispersion process of the natural gas hydrate is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention designs a neutron imaging method for a gas hydrate sediment triaxial mechanical test, and belongs to the technical field of gas hydrate exploitation.
Background
The exploration and development of natural gas hydrate have achieved certain effects, but the commercial development of natural gas hydrate is not limited by key basic scientific problems such as the generation, decomposition and secondary generation processes of natural gas hydrate in sediment, the existing form and behavior in the pores of sediment, the influence of hydrate formation and decomposition on the physical properties (permeability, sound wave velocity, heat conduction, electric conduction and the like) of sediment, gas-liquid multiphase flow in a production system, the stability of hydrate in reservoir sediment, secondary generation of hydrate in a production string and the like. The microscopic mechanism of the formation decomposition and structural stability of the gas hydrate in the pores of the reservoir is not understood, and the main difficulty is that the formation decomposition and structural high-precision imaging of the gas hydrate in the temperature and pressure environment are limited by the current technical means. The current micro-imaging of the natural gas hydrate mainly depends on electronic imaging technologies such as X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray CT (X-ray CT). The X-ray diffraction can determine the crystal structure type of the natural gas hydrate through diffraction peaks, but cannot realize the imaging of the dynamic vergence process of the natural gas hydrate; the X-ray CT imaging technology depends on the density difference of an object to be detected, the hydrate mainly comprises natural gas (mainly methane molecules) and water molecules, the molecular weights of the natural gas and the water molecules are close to each other, and the natural gas hydrate is difficult to distinguish by the X-ray CT, so that the phase imaging precision of the natural gas hydrate is extremely limited. An indoor triaxial mechanical test is an important means for researching the structural stability of the natural gas hydrate deposit, but the X-ray has limited capability of penetrating through a high-pressure cavity, and is difficult to apply when detecting the dynamic process and the thermodynamic process of the formation and decomposition of the hydrate. Therefore, the prior art X-ray diffraction and X-ray CT technology cannot meet the requirement of triaxial mechanical test imaging of the natural gas hydrate sediment.
neutrons are uncharged and can penetrate substances without destructiveness, so that information of internal force field of a substance phase is given; the effect of neutrons on atomic nuclei does not change regularly with atomic number, so that light elements and adjacent elements can be better distinguished by neutron scattering or imaging techniques; neutron diffraction has high penetrability, can be tested and researched in special experimental environments such as high pressure, low temperature, strong field and different environments, can be used for exploring a static microstructure of a substance, can also be used for researching a substance dynamics process, and provides possibility for imaging of an internal structure of a gas hydrate sediment triaxial mechanical test.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method capable of carrying out high-precision imaging on an internal structure of a natural gas hydrate sediment triaxial mechanical test. The method is characterized in that the characteristic that the molecular structure size of the hydrate is close to the wavelength of cold neutrons is utilized, the energy of the neutron beams is reduced, and the mass attenuation coefficient of the neutron beams is improved, so that the discrimination of natural gas hydrate, natural gas and water molecules is enhanced, the imaging resolution of the internal structure of the natural gas hydrate sediment is improved, and the high-precision imaging of the structure in the triaxial mechanical test process of the natural gas hydrate is realized.
the main technical scheme of the neutron imaging method in the triaxial mechanical test of the natural gas hydrate deposit consists of six parts: the device comprises a self-balancing pressure chamber part, a three-axis main machine loading part, a closed-loop servo control part, an air source power part, a rotary table part and a neutron ray part. Is characterized by comprising a self-balancing pressure chamber part: the device is composed of a rock sample (1), an upper cushion block (2), a lower cushion block (3), a spherical seat (4), a triaxial cylinder (5), a high-pressure oil pipe (7), a self-balancing piston upper cavity (8), a self-balancing piston upper cavity (9) and a self-balancing piston (10), wherein the rock sample (1) is arranged between the upper cushion block (2) and the lower cushion block (3), the maximum diameter of a sample is 100mm, the spherical seat (4) is arranged below the lower cushion block (3), the full-angle adjustment of the spherical seat (4) avoids the stress concentration of the end face in the sample loading process, the high-pressure air pipe (7) is connected with the triaxial cylinder (5), the triaxial cylinder (5) is filled with methane gas loading confining pressure, the self-balancing piston upper cavity (8) is connected with the self-balancing piston upper cavity (9), the air pressure is ensured to be equal, and the self-; the three-axis host loading part consists of a fixed frame (11), an actuator lower cavity (12) and an actuator piston (13), the actuator lower cavity (12) is connected with the air source power part, and the actuator piston (13) moves up and down through air source power loading to load the sample (1); the closed loop servo control part consists of a data lead (6), a confining pressure servo valve (14), a multi-channel digital closed loop servo controller (16), a shaft pressure servo valve (17), a deformation data line (24), a data line concentration platform (25), a stress data line (26), a temperature data line (27), a displacement data line (28) and a control computer (23), wherein the data line concentration platform (25) leads out the deformation data line (24), the stress data line (26), the temperature data line (27), the displacement data line (28), the deformation data line (24), the stress data line (26), the temperature data line (27) and the displacement data line (28) from the self-balancing pressure chamber part respectively and are connected into the multi-channel digital closed loop servo controller (16), the multi-channel digital closed loop servo controller (16) is used as a servo variable according to sensor data and is communicated with the control computer (23) through the data lead (6) to carry out data interaction, a multi-channel digital closed-loop servo controller (16) controls a confining pressure servo valve (14) and a shaft pressure servo valve (17) through control parameters, so that closed-loop servo control over an air source power part is realized; the gas source power part consists of a confining pressure supercharger (15), methane gas (18), a gas pump (19), an overflow valve (20) and a Freon cooler (22), the gas pump (19) presses the methane gas (18) into the overflow valve (20) through a three-way high-pressure gas pipe (7), when the output pressure is greater than the pressure value of the overflow valve, the methane gas (18) returns redundant pressure to a methane gas tank through the overflow valve (20), so that the output pressure of the gas pump is adjustable and stable, the power loading of axial pressure is ensured, and the confining pressure power loading is realized through the confining pressure supercharger (15); the high-precision digital rotary table (29) adopts a high-precision rotary table with the load of 20kN and the rotation stability of 5 seconds, a self-balancing pressure chamber part, a three-axis host loading part, a closed-loop servo control part and a gas source power part are arranged on the high-precision digital rotary table (29) to ensure that the host rotates at high precision, and the high-precision digital rotary table (29) is arranged on the rotary table support (30); the neutron ray part consists of a neutron ray source (31), a rotary collimator (32), a liquid hydrogen cooling box (33), a speed selector (34), a neutron flight tube (35), cold neutron rays (36), a detector (37), a detector upright post (38) and a neutron trap (39), wherein the cold neutron ray source and the detector (37) are respectively arranged on the detector upright post (38), the neutron ray source (31) excites the neutron rays to pass through the rotary collimator (32) and the liquid hydrogen cooling box (33) to realize the temperature reduction of a neutron source, the neutron beam speed selector (34) is used for controlling the neutron beam speed to obtain neutron beams with neutron wavelength lower than the Bragg limit of hydrate molecules, the neutron rays (36) transmit through the triaxial cylinder (5) and the sample (1) through the neutron flight tube (35) and are received by the detector (37), and redundant neutron beams are received by the neutron trap (39).
Description of the drawings: FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a neutron imaging method in a triaxial mechanical test of a natural gas hydrate deposit;
1: a sample; 2: an upper cushion block; 3: a lower cushion block; 4: a spherical seat; 5: a three-axis cylinder; 6: a data conductor; 7: a high pressure oil pipe; 8: a self-balancing piston upper chamber; 9: a self-balancing piston lower cavity; 10: a self-balancing piston; 11: a fixed frame; 12: an actuator lower cavity; 13: an actuator piston; 14: a surrounding electrohydraulic servo valve; 15: a confining pressure booster; 16: a multi-channel digital closed-loop servo controller; 17: a servo valve; 18: methane gas; 19: a high pressure air pump; 20: an overflow valve; 22: a freon refrigerator; 23: a control computer; 24: deforming the data line; 25: a data hub station; 26: a stress data line; 27: a temperature data line; 28: a displacement data line; 29: a high-precision digital turntable; 30: a turntable support; 31: a neutron source; 32: rotating the collimator; 33: a liquid hydrogen cooling tank; 34: a speed selector; 35: a neutron flight tube; 36: cold neutron rays; 37: a detector; 38: a detector column; 39: a neutron trap.
Basic principles and techniques
the neutron beam generates different attenuation characteristics when transmitting different materials, and the strength of the attenuation effect is related to elements, density and the like of the material composition, so that the internal composition and structure information of the material can be analyzed through the transmitted neutron beam. The spatial distribution of the transmission neutron fluence rate is displayed through a detection technology and an image display technology, so that the spatial distribution, the density variation and various defect information of the sample to be detected can be obtained. Cold neutrons refer to neutrons with kinetic energy of millielectron volt magnitude or lower, generally ranging from neutron kinetic energy less than 0.005eV, which has longer de broglie wave wavelength than thermal neutrons, and scattering properties suitable for researching substructure and excitation of condensed state substances, especially high molecular compounds and biomacromolecules. The closer the wavelength of the neutrons is to the structural size of the condensed polymer to be detected, the stronger the attenuation of the neutron beam, so that the higher the contrast of neutron imaging is, and the higher the resolution is. The method comprises the steps of utilizing liquid hydrogen to cool a neutron source of a reactor active region or a reflecting layer so as to improve the content of cold neutrons in a neutron beam, controlling the speed of the neutron beam through a speed selector to obtain the cold neutron beam with the wavelength lower than the Bragg limit of hydrate molecules, enabling the cold neutron beam to transmit a hydrate to be detected through a neutron flight tube, utilizing a converter to convert the light intensity distribution of the neutron beam in the intensity space distribution, converting the light intensity distribution of the neutron beam into an electric signal through an imaging plate, and outputting a digital image.
Detailed Description
1. Placing a sample 1 between an upper cushion block 2 and a lower cushion block 3, centering, recording the length and the position of the sample, and completely packaging a three-axis cylinder 5;
2. adjusting the position of the cold neutron ray source on the detector emitting column 38, and adjusting the positions of the detector 37 and the detector column 38 to ensure that the cold neutron rays 36 can completely cover the sample 1 and reach the detector 37;
3. Opening the control computer 23, opening the multi-channel digital closed-loop servo controller 16, and connecting the control computer 23 and the multi-channel digital closed-loop servo controller 16 to keep data communication;
4. Setting sampling parameters of each sensor of the physical quantity measuring part on the control computer 23, setting the force loading or displacement loading parameter waveform in the test process, starting the high-precision digital rotary table, and starting to perform a neutron imaging test in rock mechanics;
5. After the test process is finished, the values of the sensors of the dynamic measurement part of the test process are stored on the control computer 23, the actuator piston 13 is displaced downwards, and the test sample 1 is unloaded to finish the test.
Claims (1)
1. A neutron imaging method for a natural gas hydrate sediment triaxial mechanical test comprises a self-balancing pressure chamber part, a triaxial host machine loading part, a closed-loop servo control part, an air source power part, a turntable part and a neutron ray part, wherein the self-balancing pressure chamber part comprises a rock sample (1), an upper cushion block (2), a lower cushion block (3), a spherical seat (4), a triaxial cylinder (5), a high-pressure oil pipe (7), a self-balancing piston upper cavity (8), a self-balancing piston upper cavity (9) and a self-balancing piston (10), the rock sample (1) is arranged between the upper cushion block (2) and the lower cushion block (3), the maximum diameter of the sample is 100mm, the spherical seat (4) is arranged below the lower cushion block (3), the full-angle adjustment of the spherical seat (4) avoids the stress concentration of an end face in the sample loading process, the high-pressure air pipe (7) is connected with the triaxial cylinder (5), so that the triaxial cylinder (5), the self-balancing piston upper cavity (8) is connected with the self-balancing piston upper cavity (9) to ensure equal air pressure, so that the self-balancing piston (10) can keep balance when moving up and down for loading; the three-axis host loading part consists of a fixed frame (11), an actuator lower cavity (12) and an actuator piston (13), the actuator lower cavity (12) is connected with the air source power part, and the actuator piston (13) moves up and down through air source power loading to load the sample (1); the closed loop servo control part consists of a data lead (6), a confining pressure servo valve (14), a multi-channel digital closed loop servo controller (16), a shaft pressure servo valve (17), a deformation data line (24), a data line concentration platform (25), a stress data line (26), a temperature data line (27), a displacement data line (28) and a control computer (23), wherein the data line concentration platform (25) leads out the deformation data line (24), the stress data line (26), the temperature data line (27), the displacement data line (28), the deformation data line (24), the stress data line (26), the temperature data line (27) and the displacement data line (28) from the self-balancing pressure chamber part respectively and are connected into the multi-channel digital closed loop servo controller (16), the multi-channel digital closed loop servo controller (16) is used as a servo variable according to sensor data and is communicated with the control computer (23) through the data lead (6) to carry out data interaction, a multi-channel digital closed-loop servo controller (16) controls a confining pressure servo valve (14) and a shaft pressure servo valve (17) through control parameters, so that closed-loop servo control over an air source power part is realized; the gas source power part consists of a confining pressure supercharger (15), methane gas (18), a gas pump (19), an overflow valve (20) and a Freon cooler (22), the gas pump (19) presses the methane gas (18) into the overflow valve (20) through a three-way high-pressure gas pipe (7), when the output pressure is greater than the pressure value of the overflow valve, the methane gas (18) returns redundant pressure to a methane gas tank through the overflow valve (20), so that the output pressure of the gas pump is adjustable and stable, the power loading of axial pressure is ensured, and the confining pressure power loading is realized through the confining pressure supercharger (15); the high-precision digital rotary table (29) adopts a high-precision rotary table with the load of 20kN and the rotation stability of 5 seconds, a self-balancing pressure chamber part, a three-axis host loading part, a closed-loop servo control part and a gas source power part are arranged on the high-precision digital rotary table (29) to ensure that the host rotates at high precision, and the high-precision digital rotary table (29) is arranged on the rotary table support (30); the neutron ray part consists of a neutron ray source (31), a rotary collimator (32), a liquid hydrogen cooling box (33), a speed selector (34), a neutron flight tube (35), cold neutron rays (36), a detector (37), a detector upright post (38) and a neutron trap (39), wherein the cold neutron ray source and the detector (37) are respectively arranged on the detector upright post (38), the neutron ray source (31) excites the neutron rays to pass through the rotary collimator (32) and the liquid hydrogen cooling box (33) to realize the temperature reduction of a neutron source, the neutron beam speed selector (34) is used for controlling the neutron beam speed to obtain neutron beams with neutron wavelength lower than the Bragg limit of hydrate molecules, the neutron rays (36) transmit through the triaxial cylinder (5) and the sample (1) through the neutron flight tube (35) and are received by the detector (37), and redundant neutron beams are received by the neutron trap (39).
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910790243.2A CN110567814B (en) | 2019-08-26 | 2019-08-26 | Neutron imaging method for triaxial mechanical test of natural gas hydrate sediment |
| PCT/CN2019/103964 WO2021035765A1 (en) | 2019-08-26 | 2019-09-02 | Method for neutron imaging during triaxial mechanical test of sediment of natural gas hydrate |
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| CN201910790243.2A CN110567814B (en) | 2019-08-26 | 2019-08-26 | Neutron imaging method for triaxial mechanical test of natural gas hydrate sediment |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112213336A (en) * | 2020-09-02 | 2021-01-12 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | CT (computed tomography) enhanced imaging method and system for three-dimensional structure of natural gas hydrate |
| CN113008682A (en) * | 2021-02-07 | 2021-06-22 | 山东科技大学 | True triaxial hydraulic fracturing simulation test device and method for natural gas hydrate reservoir |
| CN113720864A (en) * | 2021-11-03 | 2021-11-30 | 四川省工程装备设计研究院有限责任公司 | Neutron imaging detection device for high lofting sample |
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