CN106323999A - Intervention enhancement imaging method for rock hydrofracture test cracks - Google Patents

Intervention enhancement imaging method for rock hydrofracture test cracks Download PDF

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CN106323999A
CN106323999A CN201610663060.0A CN201610663060A CN106323999A CN 106323999 A CN106323999 A CN 106323999A CN 201610663060 A CN201610663060 A CN 201610663060A CN 106323999 A CN106323999 A CN 106323999A
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rock
fracturing
cracks
ray
rock sample
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CN106323999B (en
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李守定
周忠鸣
李晓
赫建明
刘艳辉
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Institute of Geology and Geophysics of CAS
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Priority to PCT/CN2017/096812 priority patent/WO2018028633A1/en
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Priority to US16/025,088 priority patent/US10234407B2/en
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    • G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
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    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
    • G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
    • G01N3/12—Pressure testing
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    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
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    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
    • G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
    • G01N2203/0019—Compressive
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
    • G01N2203/006—Crack, flaws, fracture or rupture
    • G01N2203/0062—Crack or flaws
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/022—Environment of the test
    • G01N2203/023—Pressure
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    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/022—Environment of the test
    • G01N2203/0236—Other environments
    • G01N2203/0242—With circulation of a fluid
    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
    • G01N2203/0641—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means using optical, X-ray, ultraviolet, infrared or similar detectors
    • G01N2203/0647—Image analysis
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    • G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
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    • G01N2223/616—Specific applications or type of materials earth materials
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
    • G01N2223/60—Specific applications or type of materials
    • G01N2223/646—Specific applications or type of materials flaws, defects
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    • G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
    • G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
    • G01N23/06—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and measuring the absorption
    • G01N23/18—Investigating the presence of flaws defects or foreign matter
    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/56—Investigating resistance to wear or abrasion
    • G01N3/567—Investigating resistance to wear or abrasion by submitting the specimen to the action of a fluid or of a fluidised material, e.g. cavitation, jet abrasion

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Abstract

The invention provides an intervention enhancement imaging method for cracks. The intervention enhancement imaging method can overcome the defects that distribution of the rock hydrofracture cracks is positioned with low accuracy, and cracks of common width are difficult to distinguish, improves the observation accuracy of the rock hydrofracture test cracks, and promotes scientific understanding of the propagation rule of the rock hydrofracture cracks. The method is characterized in that a water solution containing a nanometer high-atomic-number intervention enhancer is used for fracturing rock through water pressure, then the hydrofracture cracks are formed, and the intervention enhancer in the cracks increases the mass attenuation coefficient mu/rho differential value of X rays in the cracks and the rock, and meanwhile increases the mass energy absorption coefficient muen/rho differential value of the X rays in the cracks and the rock; then the linear attenuation coefficient received by a detector is changed, and the imaging resolution rate of the rock hydrofracture cracks is increased.

Description

Enhanced Imaging method is got involved in a kind of rock fracturing test crack
Technical field rock mechanics experiment technical field
One important zenith observation angle of background technology rock fracturing test is the distribution of fracturing fracture, current rock Stone fracturing test gap observation depends on acoustic emission monitor(ing) and X ray CT imaging technique.Sound emission monitoring technology pair When fracturing fracture produces, acoustical signal acquisition capacity is strong, but poor, especially for experiment for acoustical signal inverting positioning precision Room small sample, it is impossible to obtain more accurate fracturing fracture distribution；And X ray CT imaging technique, fixed for fracturing fracture Position precision is higher, but is difficult to differentiate for common width crack, lost in esse a large amount of fractue spacing information.
Therefore, current rock fracturing test gap observation method, it is impossible to meet rock fracturing test crack and divide The demand of cloth accurate surveying.
The summary of the invention present invention provides one can overcome rock hydraulically created fracture Distribution and localization low precision, the widest Degree crack is difficult to the shortcoming and defect differentiated, and improves rock fracturing test gap observation precision, beneficially scientific knowledge rock Enhanced Imaging method is got involved in the crack of stone fracturing fracture development rule.It is characterized in that containing the aqueous solution water getting involved reinforcing agent Pressure fracturing rock, forms hydraulically created fracture, and the intervention reinforcing agent in crack improves the X-ray quality in crack with rock and declines Subtract coefficient μ/ρ difference, improve crack and rock X-ray mass energy absorption coefficient μ simultaneouslyen/ ρ difference, so change detector connect The line attenuation coefficient received, improves the imaging resolution of rock hydraulically created fracture.
Rock fracturing test crack is got involved the main technical schemes of Enhanced Imaging method and is made up of three parts: experiment Room X-ray industry CT, rock fracturing testing machine, get involved reinforcing agent and load fracturing technology.Laboratory X-ray industry CT feature For: by detector column 16 and detector thereon 15, x-ray source column 17 and x-ray source thereon 14, high precision turntable 12 Constitute Deng equipment.The X-ray beam 18 transmission rock sample 1 that x-ray source 14 inspires, is accepted the X-ray after transmission, root by detector 15 According to line attenuation coefficient distribution μ, (x y) calculates CT image；Rock fracturing testing machine is characterized as: by rock sample 1, upper cushion block 2, lower cushion block 3, spheric seat 4, three axle cylinders 5, confined pressure booster pump 7, self-balancing piston upper chamber 8, self-balancing piston upper chamber 9, self-balancing Piston 10 and axially actuator 11 etc. are constituted, and rock fracturing testing machine is placed on high precision turntable 12, and rock sample 1 is placed in Between cushion block 2 and lower cushion block 3, spheric seat 4 reduces rock sample 1 effect of end surface when loading, and three axle cylinders 5 and confined pressure booster pump 7 are to rock sample 1 Implementing confined pressure to load, self-balancing piston upper chamber 8, self-balancing piston upper chamber 9, it is right that self-balancing piston 10 and axial actuator 11 ensure Rock sample 1 is implemented axially loaded, and when rock fracturing testing machine carries out confined pressure, axial compression and fracturing loading, turntable 12 is with one Fixed speed rotates；Getting involved reinforcing agent loading fracturing technology is: first configures certain density crack and gets involved reinforcing agent, gets involved and increase Strong agent be the concentration containing dispersant be the nanometer gold aqueous solution of 5000ppm, the particle diameter of nanometer gold is 12-15nm, secondly by containing Get involved reinforcing agent high-pressure hydraulic pump will get involved in reinforcing agent press-in rock sample 1, make rock sample 1 fracturing produce fracturing fracture 6.
Ultimate principle and the technology rock X ray CT image reflection each position of the rock size to X-ray absorption degree, rock Mineral density in stone is directly proportional to X-ray absorption coefficient, and mineral Atom ordinal number is the highest, and X-ray attenuation is more obvious, and quality declines Subtract coefficient the biggest.Adjacent mineral density difference is the biggest, and X ray CT image contrast is the biggest, and resolution is the highest.Utilize this principle, There is provided a kind of rock hydraulically created fracture to get involved enhanced CT formation method, improve hydraulically created fracture imaging resolution, its feature It is the difference using nanoscale high atomic number metal element by improving the mass attentuation coefficient μ/ρ between different material, with Mass energy absorption coefficient μ between Shi Tigao different materialenThe method of the intervention Enhanced Imaging of the difference of/ρ affects X-ray and projected Journey.Water in fracturing fracture is less with the difference of rock attenuation quotient, and rock CT image contrast is little, and resolution is low, nanometer gold The attenuation quotient belonging to powder liquid is higher than the attenuation quotient of rock, when replacing the fluid in original gap with nano metal powder liquid Time, the line attenuation coefficient contrast difference that detector receives becomes big, and then improves the imaging resolution of rock hydraulically created fracture.
Rock fracturing test crack is got involved the main technical schemes of Enhanced Imaging method and is made up of three parts: experiment Room X-ray industry CT, rock fracturing testing machine, get involved reinforcing agent and load fracturing technology.
Laboratory X-ray industry CT is characterized as: by detector column 16 and detector thereon 15, x-ray source column 17 And x-ray source 14 thereon, high precision turntable 12 equipment such as grade is constituted.The X-ray beam 18 transmission rock sample that x-ray source 14 inspires 1, accepted the X-ray after transmission by detector 15, according to line attenuation coefficient distribution μ, (x y) calculates CT image.
Rock fracturing testing machine is characterized as: by rock sample 1, upper cushion block 2, lower cushion block 3, spheric seat 4, three axle cylinders 5, confined pressure Booster pump 7, self-balancing piston upper chamber 8, self-balancing piston upper chamber 9, the composition such as self-balancing piston 10 and axial actuator 11, rock Fracturing testing machine is placed on high precision turntable 12, and rock sample 1 is placed between cushion block 2 and lower cushion block 3, and spheric seat 4 reduces Rock sample 1 effect of end surface during loading, rock sample 1 implemented confined pressure and loads by three axle cylinders 5 and confined pressure booster pump 7, self-balancing piston upper chamber 8, Self-balancing piston upper chamber 9, self-balancing piston 10 ensures to implement axially loaded to rock sample 1 with axial actuator 11, rock waterpower pressure Splitting that testing machine carries out confined pressure, axial compression and fracturing be when loading, turntable 12 rotates with certain speed.
Getting involved reinforcing agent loading fracturing technology is: first configures certain density crack and gets involved reinforcing agent, gets involved reinforcing agent For the nanometer gold aqueous solution that the concentration containing dispersant is 5000ppm, the particle diameter of nanometer gold is 12-15nm, secondly by containing getting involved Reinforcing agent high-pressure hydraulic pump will be got involved in reinforcing agent press-in rock sample 1, make rock sample 1 fracturing produce fracturing fracture 6.
Appended drawings 1 is that Enhanced Imaging method figure is got involved in rock fracturing test crack.1: rock sample；2: upper pad Block；3: lower cushion block；4: spheric seat；5: three axle cylinders；6: fracturing fracture；7: confined pressure booster pump；8: self-balancing piston upper chamber；9: from flat Weighing apparatus piston upper chamber；10: self-balancing piston；11: axially actuator；12: high precision turntable；13: containing getting involved reinforcing agent high-pressure hydraulic pump； 14:X radiographic source；15: detector；16: detector column；17:X radiographic source column；18:X beam；19: foundation
First detailed description of the invention 1. configures certain density crack and gets involved reinforcing agent, and mass fraction is the dispersion of 5% Agent, mass fraction be 20% Bi nanoparticles and Polyethylene Glycol that mass fraction is 75% stir 10min through high speed rotor instrument, super Acoustic shock is swung instrument concussion 30min and is obtained scattered nanometer bismuth solution, and the particle diameter of nanometer bismuth is 40-50nm, will get involved reinforcing agent and add To containing getting involved in reinforcing agent high-pressure hydraulic pump 13.
2. rock fracturing testing machine is placed on high precision turntable 12, rock sample 1 be placed in cushion block 2 and lower cushion block 3 it Between, spheric seat 4 reduces rock sample 1 effect of end surface when loading, and rock sample 1 is implemented confined pressure and loaded by three axle cylinders 5 and confined pressure booster pump 7, from Dummy piston epicoele 8, self-balancing piston upper chamber 9, self-balancing piston 10 and axial actuator 11 ensure to implement axially to add to rock sample 1 Carrying, rock sample is implemented confined pressure and axial compression by rock fracturing testing machine, and turntable 12 rotates with certain speed.
3. running experiment room X-ray industry CT, the X-ray beam 18 transmission rock sample 1 that x-ray source 14 inspires, detector 15 Accepting, the X-ray after transmission, according to line attenuation coefficient distribution μ, (x y) calculates CT image.
4. will get involved in reinforcing agent press-in rock sample 1, and make rock sample 1 fracturing produce fracturing fracture 6, fracturing fracture 6 is filled with Nanometer gold aqueous solution, utilizes the difference of the mass attentuation coefficient μ/ρ got involved between reinforcing agent raising different material, i.e. improves difference Mass energy absorption coefficient μ between materialenThe difference of/ρ affects the principle of X-ray projection process, and the line changing detector 15 reception declines Subtract coefficient, and then improve the imaging resolution of rock hydraulically created fracture 6.

Claims (1)

1. an Enhanced Imaging method is got involved in the crack that can improve rock fracturing test gap observation precision, is divided into three Part is constituted: Laboratory X-ray industry CT, rock fracturing testing machine, gets involved reinforcing agent and loads fracturing technology；Described experiment Room X-ray industry CT is characterized as: by detector column (16) and detector thereon (15), x-ray source column (17) and on X-ray source (14), the equipment such as high precision turntable (12) is constituted, X-ray beam (18) the transmission rock sample that x-ray source (14) inspires (1), accepted the X-ray after transmission by detector (15), calculate CT image according to line attenuation coefficient distribution；Described rock water Defeat and split testing machine and be characterized as: rock fracturing testing machine is placed on high precision turntable (12), and rock sample (1) is placed in cushion block (2) and between lower cushion block (3), spheric seat (4) reduces rock sample (1) effect of end surface when loading, three axle cylinders (5) and confined pressure booster pump (7) to rock sample (1) implement confined pressure load, self-balancing piston upper chamber (8), self-balancing piston upper chamber (9), self-balancing piston (10) with Axially actuator (11) ensures to implement axially loaded to rock sample (1), and rock fracturing testing machine carries out confined pressure, axial compression and waterpower When pressure break loads, turntable (12) rotates with certain speed；Described intervention reinforcing agent loads fracturing technology: first configuration is certain Reinforcing agent is got involved in the crack of concentration, Bi nanoparticles and the mass fraction that dispersant that mass fraction is 5%, mass fraction are 20% Be 75% Polyethylene Glycol stir 10min through high speed rotor instrument, to obtain scattered nanometer bismuth molten for ultrasonic vibration instrument concussion 30min Liquid, the particle diameter of nanometer bismuth is 40-50nm, secondly by containing getting involved reinforcing agent high-pressure hydraulic pump by intervention reinforcing agent press-in rock sample (1) In, make rock sample (1) fracturing produce fracturing fracture (6), fracturing fracture (6) is filled with nanometer gold aqueous solution, utilize and get involved enhancing Agent improves the difference of the mass energy absorption coefficient between the difference of the mass attentuation coefficient between different material, i.e. raising different material Affect the principle of X-ray projection process, change the line attenuation coefficient that detector (15) receives, and then improve rock hydraulically created fracture (6) imaging resolution.
CN201610663060.0A 2016-08-12 2016-08-12 A kind of rock hydraulic fracturing experiment crack intervention Enhanced Imaging method Expired - Fee Related CN106323999B (en)

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CN201610663060.0A CN106323999B (en) 2016-08-12 2016-08-12 A kind of rock hydraulic fracturing experiment crack intervention Enhanced Imaging method
PCT/CN2017/096812 WO2018028633A1 (en) 2016-08-12 2017-08-10 Crack intervention-based enhanced imaging method for rock hydraulic fracturing experiment
US16/025,088 US10234407B2 (en) 2016-08-12 2018-07-02 Enhanced interventional CT imaging of cracks in rocks during hydraulic testing

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WO2018028633A1 (en) * 2016-08-12 2018-02-15 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 Crack intervention-based enhanced imaging method for rock hydraulic fracturing experiment
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