CN110521586A - A kind of breeding method by red dew and Richard Delicious made of bud mutation after winner's breeding - Google Patents
A kind of breeding method by red dew and Richard Delicious made of bud mutation after winner's breeding Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of breeding method by red dew and Richard Delicious made of bud mutation after winner's breeding, 1) plant, 2) prepare pulvis, 3) it pollinates, 4) screening, 5) grafting, 6) it manages and determines, the present invention obtains the apple nursery stock with better quality by that can cultivate, and the Richard Delicious tree abloom rate is high, disease resistance is strong, point of the yield without biennial bearing, and yield is high, fruit is larger, and sugariness is high, and crushing juice rate is high, colouring is uniform, pericarp glow.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to apple cultivation technical fields, more particularly to one kind to be formed by bud mutation after red dew and winner's breeding
Richard Delicious breeding method.
Background technique
China is the apple production state and country of consumption of world rankings first, and Apple Culture gross area is big, and apple production is high.But
It is that compared with developed countries, the yield per unit area of China's apple is lower, fruit total quality is poor and there are orchard economy effects
The problems such as benefit is not high.Currently, China major part orchard mostly uses tall anvil planting culture mode to carry out apple cultivation management, but the mould
The problems such as orchard under formula is more closed, fruit tree result time and later fruit maturation time.In addition, the training of China various regions apple
It educates technology more to fall behind, the apple nursery stock variety and quality cultivated is bad, and fruit yielded by tree is smaller, fruit irregular colour, mouth
Feel not good enough, fruit quality is poor, seriously affects the economic well-being of workers and staff of apple garden.
Summary of the invention
Of the invention provides a kind of breeding method by red dew and Richard Delicious made of bud mutation after winner's breeding.
The scheme of the invention is:
A kind of breeding method by red dew and Richard Delicious made of bud mutation after winner's breeding, including the following steps:
1) it plants, the apple tree of the apple tree of red dew kind and winner's kind is staggeredly planted in same apple orchard,
The apple tree of hot dew kind and the apple tree of winner's kind enter big flower bud phase, acquire red dew kind and winner's product respectively
It is collected in the middle disc flower of kind and side Hua Huaduo, the middle disc flower of Cong Honglu kind and side flower flower and obtains red dew pollen, from winner
It is collected in the middle disc flower of kind and side flower flower and obtains winner's pollen；
2) pulvis is prepared, red dew pollen and winner's pollen are prepared into red dew pollination medicament and winner's pollination medicine respectively
Agent；
3) it pollinates, selects the apple tree of growth and development normal 5~6 years red dew kinds, and select its development quality base
This consistent inflorescence removes anther when disc flower and side flower will open wherein, and winner pollination medicament is sufficiently awarded
On the column cap for giving the apple tree of red dew kind, the inflorescence pollinated set upper and lower part is tightened with paper fruit bag after pollination, be listed mark
Note, it is primary in pollination after 24 hours；The apple tree of winner's kind of normal 5~6 years of growth and development is selected, and selects it
The almost the same inflorescence of development quality removes anther when disc flower and side flower will open wherein, by the red dew pollination medicine
Agent is sufficiently authorized on the column cap of the apple tree of winner's kind, and the inflorescence pollinated is covered upper and lower part with paper fruit bag after pollination
It tightens, be listed mark, primary in pollination after 24 hours；
4) screen, the apple tree of the red dew kind after pollination and the apple tree of winner's kind after pollination enter fruit at
The ripe phase, according to the principle of " fruit and environmental change inconsistent " before harvesting, it is good to find out growing way, as a result more, Guo Ti great, and color is dense red
Standard branch, fruit quality measurement is carried out to the fruit of the standard compliant branch；
5) graft, spring in the coming year, the branch that quality determination sugariness is high, crushing juice rate is high, grafting growth and development normal 5~
It is bred on 6 years apple trees, applies nutritional supplementation fertilizer after the completion of grafting at 30~40cm of trunk；
6) it manages and determines, the apple tree after grafting is safeguarded, it is near after the apple tree after grafting enters fruiting period
Apple tree after few 10 plants of graftings is compared with the apple tree of original kind, if the fruit of the fruit tree after grafting is than the fruit of original kind
The fruit sweetness of tree is high, hangs that fruit is more, and growing way is good, Guo Ti great, moisture foot, colouring uniformly, fruit surface glow, then after the grafting
Fruit tree as red hat kind apple tree.
As a preferred technical solution, in the step 2) it is red dew pollination medicament preparation: by xanthan gum, boric acid, sucrose,
It is red dew pollen, water mass ratio be the feeding of 1.5~2.8:0.5~1.5:400~650:0.5~1.5:4400~5500, will be yellow
Virgin rubber is boiled into paste, is transferred in conventional vessel, sequentially adds boric acid, sucrose after slightly cooling down, and dissolved in water, most
Control mixing liquid temperature is uniformly mixed in 26 DEG C or less addition pollen afterwards, and preparation obtains the red dew pollination medicament.
As a preferred technical solution, in the step 2) winner pollinate medicament preparation: press xanthan gum, boric acid, sugarcane
Sugar, winner's pollen, water mass ratio be the feeding of 1.5~2.8:0.5~1.5:400~650:0.5~1.5:4400~5500,
Xanthan gum is boiled into paste, is transferred in conventional vessel, sequentially adds boric acid, sucrose after slightly cooling down, and dissolved in water
In, mixing liquid temperature is finally controlled in 26 DEG C or less addition pollen, is uniformly mixed, and preparation obtains winner's pollination
Medicament.
As a preferred technical solution, in the step 4) quality determination include crushing juice rate, soluble sugar content with it is solvable
Property solid content.
Soluble sugar content is soluble by being measured with Fehlings reagent in the step 4) as a preferred technical solution,
Sugared content.
Soluble solid content is measured with ATAGO PAL-1 type sugar amount instrument in step 4) as a preferred technical solution,.
Crushing juice rate is measured with weight method in the step 4) as a preferred technical solution,.
Step 5) the nutritional supplementation fertilizer includes organic fertilizer, microelement, oil cake, fermentation as a preferred technical solution,
Dregs of beans, the organic fertilizer, microelement, oil cake and fermented bean dregs feed ratio be 70~80:1~1.5:7~10:15~20.
The apple tree of band is the red apple tree for revealing kind or winner's product in the step 5) as a preferred technical solution,
The apple tree of kind is one such.
By adopting the above-described technical solution, a kind of pass through red dew and Richard Delicious made of bud mutation after winner's breeding
Breeding method, 1) plantation, the apple tree of the apple tree of red dew kind and winner's kind is staggeredly planted in same apple orchard,
The apple tree of hot dew kind and the apple tree of winner's kind enter big flower bud phase, acquire red dew kind and winner's product respectively
It is collected in the middle disc flower of kind and side Hua Huaduo, the middle disc flower of Cong Honglu kind and side flower flower and obtains red dew pollen, from winner
It is collected in the middle disc flower of kind and side flower flower and obtains winner's pollen；2) pulvis is prepared, by red dew pollen and winner's pollen
It is prepared into red dew pollination medicament and winner's pollination medicament respectively；3) it pollinates, selects the red dew of normal 5~6 years of growth and development
The apple tree of kind, and the inflorescence for selecting its development quality almost the same, when disc flower and side flower will open wherein, by anther
Removal sufficiently authorizes winner pollination medicament on the column cap of the red apple tree for revealing kind, will with paper fruit bag after pollination
The inflorescence set upper and lower part pollinated tightens, and be listed mark, primary in pollination after 24 hours；Selection growth and development normal 5~
The apple tree of 6 years winner's kinds, and the inflorescence for selecting its development quality almost the same, disc flower and side flower will be opened wherein
When putting, anther is removed, on the column cap for the apple tree for sufficiently authorizing the red dew pollination medicament to winner's kind, after pollination
The inflorescence pollinated set upper and lower part is tightened with paper fruit bag, be listed mark, primary in pollination after 24 hours；4) it screens, pollination
The apple tree of red dew kind afterwards and the apple tree of winner's kind after pollination enter fructescence, according to " fruit before harvesting
It is real inconsistent with environmental change " principle, it is good to find out growing way, as a result more, Guo Ti great, the branch of the dense red standard of color, to symbol
The fruit of the branch of standardization carries out fruit quality measurement；5) it grafts, spring in the coming year, quality determination sugariness height, crushing juice rate
High branch, grafting bred on normal 5~6 years apple trees of growth and development, after the completion of grafting apart from trunk 30~
Apply nutritional supplementation fertilizer at 40cm；6) it manages and determines, the apple tree after grafting is safeguarded, the apple tree after grafting enters
After fruiting period, the apple tree after at least 10 plants graftings is compared with the apple tree of original kind, if the fruit of the fruit tree after grafting
The fruit sweetness of the fruit tree of fullsized original kind is high, hangs that fruit is more, and growing way is good, Guo Ti great, moisture foot, colouring uniformly, fruit surface
Glow, then the fruit tree after the grafting is as red hat kind apple tree.
Advantages of the present invention:
1, it can be cultivated to obtain the apple nursery stock with better quality by breeding method of the present invention, the Richard Delicious tree is at flower
Rate is high, and disease resistance is strong, and point of the yield without biennial bearing, yield is high, and fruit is larger, and sugariness is high, and crushing juice rate is high, and colouring is equal
It is even, pericarp glow.
2, the mating system of the new varieties apple tree can be realized fast breeding, using red dew apple tree or winner tree
As sapling, it can make fruit tree that there is good drought resisting cold performance；The branch that bud mutation is grafted on the sapling, can be adjusted
Trunk infusion growth, is improved into Hua Zhiliang；Breeding obtained apple tree plant has stronger drought resisting, cold-resistant and disease resistance,
Fruit epidermis glow, bright-colored uniform, crisp sweet, yield is higher, can effectively improve orchard economic benefit.
Specific embodiment
In order to make up the above deficiency, pass through red dew and red hat made of bud mutation after winner's breeding the present invention provides a kind of
The breeding method of apple is to solve the problems in above-mentioned background technique.
A kind of breeding method by red dew and Richard Delicious made of bud mutation after winner's breeding, including the following steps:
1) it plants, the apple tree of the apple tree of red dew kind and winner's kind is staggeredly planted in same apple orchard,
The apple tree of hot dew kind and the apple tree of winner's kind enter big flower bud phase, acquire red dew kind and winner's product respectively
It is collected in the middle disc flower of kind and side Hua Huaduo, the middle disc flower of Cong Honglu kind and side flower flower and obtains red dew pollen, from winner
It is collected in the middle disc flower of kind and side flower flower and obtains winner's pollen；
2) pulvis is prepared, red dew pollen and winner's pollen are prepared into red dew pollination medicament and winner's pollination medicine respectively
Agent；
3) it pollinates, selects the apple tree of growth and development normal 5~6 years red dew kinds, and select its development quality base
This consistent inflorescence removes anther when disc flower and side flower will open wherein, and winner pollination medicament is sufficiently awarded
On the column cap for giving the apple tree of red dew kind, the inflorescence pollinated set upper and lower part is tightened with paper fruit bag after pollination, be listed mark
Note, it is primary in pollination after 24 hours；The apple tree of winner's kind of normal 5~6 years of growth and development is selected, and selects it
The almost the same inflorescence of development quality removes anther when disc flower and side flower will open wherein, by the red dew pollination medicine
Agent is sufficiently authorized on the column cap of the apple tree of winner's kind, and the inflorescence pollinated is covered upper and lower part with paper fruit bag after pollination
It tightens, be listed mark, primary in pollination after 24 hours；
4) screen, the apple tree of the red dew kind after pollination and the apple tree of winner's kind after pollination enter fruit at
The ripe phase, according to the principle of " fruit and environmental change inconsistent " before harvesting, it is good to find out growing way, as a result more, Guo Ti great, and color is dense red
Standard branch, fruit quality measurement is carried out to the fruit of the standard compliant branch；
5) graft, spring in the coming year, the branch that quality determination sugariness is high, crushing juice rate is high, grafting growth and development normal 5~
It is bred on 6 years apple trees, applies nutritional supplementation fertilizer after the completion of grafting at 30~40cm of trunk；
6) it manages and determines, the apple tree after grafting is safeguarded, it is near after the apple tree after grafting enters fruiting period
Apple tree after few 10 plants of graftings is compared with the apple tree of original kind, if the fruit of the fruit tree after grafting is than the fruit of original kind
The fruit sweetness of tree is high, hangs that fruit is more, and growing way is good, Guo Ti great, moisture foot, colouring uniformly, fruit surface glow, then after the grafting
Fruit tree as red hat kind apple tree.
The preparation of red dew pollination medicament in the step 2): by xanthan gum, boric acid, sucrose, the red mass ratio for revealing pollen, water
For the feeding of 1.5~2.8:0.5~1.5:400~650:0.5~1.5:4400~5500, xanthan gum is boiled into paste, is transferred to
In conventional vessel, boric acid, sucrose are sequentially added after slightly cooling down, and dissolved in water, finally controls mixing liquid temperature
It in 26 DEG C or less addition pollen, is uniformly mixed, preparation obtains the red dew pollination medicament.
The preparation of winner's pollination medicament in the step 2): by the matter of xanthan gum, boric acid, sucrose, winner's pollen, water
Xanthan gum is boiled into paste, turned by amount than being the feeding of 1.5~2.8:0.5~1.5:400~650:0.5~1.5:4400~5500
It moves on in conventional vessel, sequentially adds boric acid, sucrose after slightly cooling down, and dissolved in water, finally control mixing liquid
Temperature is uniformly mixed in 26 DEG C or less addition pollen, and preparation obtains winner's pollination medicament.
Quality determination includes crushing juice rate, soluble sugar content and soluble solid content in the step 4).
Soluble sugar content is by measuring soluble sugar content with Fehlings reagent in the step 4).
Soluble solid content is measured with ATAGO PAL-1 type sugar amount instrument in step 4).
Crushing juice rate is measured with weight method in the step 4).
Step 5) the nutritional supplementation fertilizer includes organic fertilizer, microelement, oil cake, fermented bean dregs, the organic fertilizer, micro
The feed ratio of element, oil cake and fermented bean dregs is 70~80:1~1.5:7~10:15~20.
The apple tree of band is the apple tree of red dew kind or the apple tree therein one of winner's kind in the step 5)
Kind.
In order to be easy to understand the technical means, the creative features, the aims and the efficiencies achieved by the present invention, tie below
Specific embodiment is closed, the present invention is further explained.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of breeding method by red dew and Richard Delicious made of bud mutation after winner's breeding, including the following steps:
1) it plants, the apple tree of the apple tree of red dew kind and winner's kind is staggeredly planted in same apple orchard,
The apple tree of hot dew kind and the apple tree of winner's kind enter big flower bud phase, acquire red dew kind and winner's product respectively
It is collected in the middle disc flower of kind and side Hua Huaduo, the middle disc flower of Cong Honglu kind and side flower flower and obtains red dew pollen, from winner
It is collected in the middle disc flower of kind and side flower flower and obtains winner's pollen；
2) pulvis is prepared, red dew pollen and winner's pollen are prepared into red dew pollination medicament and winner's pollination medicine respectively
Agent；
3) it pollinates, selects the apple tree of growth and development normal 5~6 years red dew kinds, and select its development quality base
This consistent inflorescence removes anther when disc flower and side flower will open wherein, and winner pollination medicament is sufficiently awarded
On the column cap for giving the apple tree of red dew kind, the inflorescence pollinated set upper and lower part is tightened with paper fruit bag after pollination, be listed mark
Note, it is primary in pollination after 24 hours；The apple tree of winner's kind of normal 5~6 years of growth and development is selected, and selects it
The almost the same inflorescence of development quality removes anther when disc flower and side flower will open wherein, by the red dew pollination medicine
Agent is sufficiently authorized on the column cap of the apple tree of winner's kind, and the inflorescence pollinated is covered upper and lower part with paper fruit bag after pollination
It tightens, be listed mark, primary in pollination after 24 hours；
4) screen, the apple tree of the red dew kind after pollination and the apple tree of winner's kind after pollination enter fruit at
The ripe phase, according to the principle of " fruit and environmental change inconsistent " before harvesting, it is good to find out growing way, as a result more, Guo Ti great, and color is dense red
Standard branch, fruit quality measurement is carried out to the fruit of the standard compliant branch；
5) graft, spring in the coming year, the branch that quality determination sugariness is high, crushing juice rate is high, grafting growth and development normal 5~
It is bred on 6 years apple trees, applies nutritional supplementation fertilizer after the completion of grafting at 30~40cm of trunk；
6) it manages and determines, the apple tree after grafting is safeguarded, it is near after the apple tree after grafting enters fruiting period
Apple tree after few 10 plants of graftings is compared with the apple tree of original kind, if the fruit of the fruit tree after grafting is than the fruit of original kind
The fruit sweetness of tree is high, hangs that fruit is more, and growing way is good, Guo Ti great, moisture foot, colouring uniformly, fruit surface glow, then after the grafting
Fruit tree as red hat kind apple tree.
The preparation of red dew pollination medicament in the step 2): by xanthan gum, boric acid, sucrose, the red mass ratio for revealing pollen, water
For 1.5:0.5:400:0.5:4400 feeding, xanthan gum is boiled into paste, is transferred in conventional vessel, after slightly cooling down successively
Boric acid, sucrose is added, and is dissolved in water, finally controls mixing liquid temperature in 26 DEG C or less addition pollen, is stirred
Uniformly, it prepares and obtains the red dew pollination medicament.
The preparation of winner's pollination medicament in the step 2): by the matter of xanthan gum, boric acid, sucrose, winner's pollen, water
Xanthan gum is boiled into paste, is transferred in conventional vessel, after slightly cooling down by amount than being 1.5:0.5:400:0.5:4400 feeding
Boric acid, sucrose are sequentially added, and is dissolved in water, finally controls mixing liquid temperature in 26 DEG C or less addition pollen, stirring
It is uniformly mixed, preparation obtains winner's pollination medicament.
Quality determination includes crushing juice rate, soluble sugar content and soluble solid content in the step 4).
Soluble sugar content is by measuring soluble sugar content with Fehlings reagent in the step 4).
Soluble solid content is measured with ATAGO PAL-1 type sugar amount instrument in step 4).
Crushing juice rate is measured with weight method in the step 4).
Step 5) the nutritional supplementation fertilizer includes organic fertilizer, microelement, oil cake, fermented bean dregs, the organic fertilizer, micro
The feed ratio of element, oil cake and fermented bean dregs is 70:1:7:15.
The apple tree of band is the apple tree of red dew kind in the step 5).
Embodiment 2:
1) it plants, the apple tree of the apple tree of red dew kind and winner's kind is staggeredly planted in same apple orchard,
The apple tree of hot dew kind and the apple tree of winner's kind enter big flower bud phase, acquire red dew kind and winner's product respectively
It is collected in the middle disc flower of kind and side Hua Huaduo, the middle disc flower of Cong Honglu kind and side flower flower and obtains red dew pollen, from winner
It is collected in the middle disc flower of kind and side flower flower and obtains winner's pollen；
2) pulvis is prepared, red dew pollen and winner's pollen are prepared into red dew pollination medicament and winner's pollination medicine respectively
Agent；
3) it pollinates, selects the apple tree of growth and development normal 5~6 years red dew kinds, and select its development quality base
This consistent inflorescence removes anther when disc flower and side flower will open wherein, and winner pollination medicament is sufficiently awarded
On the column cap for giving the apple tree of red dew kind, the inflorescence pollinated set upper and lower part is tightened with paper fruit bag after pollination, be listed mark
Note, it is primary in pollination after 24 hours；The apple tree of winner's kind of normal 5~6 years of growth and development is selected, and selects it
The almost the same inflorescence of development quality removes anther when disc flower and side flower will open wherein, by the red dew pollination medicine
Agent is sufficiently authorized on the column cap of the apple tree of winner's kind, and the inflorescence pollinated is covered upper and lower part with paper fruit bag after pollination
It tightens, be listed mark, primary in pollination after 24 hours；
4) screen, the apple tree of the red dew kind after pollination and the apple tree of winner's kind after pollination enter fruit at
The ripe phase, according to the principle of " fruit and environmental change inconsistent " before harvesting, it is good to find out growing way, as a result more, Guo Ti great, and color is dense red
Standard branch, fruit quality measurement is carried out to the fruit of the standard compliant branch；
5) graft, spring in the coming year, the branch that quality determination sugariness is high, crushing juice rate is high, grafting growth and development normal 5~
It is bred on 6 years apple trees, applies nutritional supplementation fertilizer after the completion of grafting at 30~40cm of trunk；
6) it manages and determines, the apple tree after grafting is safeguarded, it is near after the apple tree after grafting enters fruiting period
Apple tree after few 10 plants of graftings is compared with the apple tree of original kind, if the fruit of the fruit tree after grafting is than the fruit of original kind
The fruit sweetness of tree is high, hangs that fruit is more, and growing way is good, Guo Ti great, moisture foot, colouring uniformly, fruit surface glow, then after the grafting
Fruit tree as red hat kind apple tree.
The preparation of red dew pollination medicament in the step 2): by xanthan gum, boric acid, sucrose, the red mass ratio for revealing pollen, water
For 2.8:1.5:650:1.5:5500 feeding, xanthan gum is boiled into paste, is transferred in conventional vessel, after slightly cooling down successively
Boric acid, sucrose is added, and is dissolved in water, finally controls mixing liquid temperature in 26 DEG C or less addition pollen, is stirred
Uniformly, it prepares and obtains the red dew pollination medicament.
The preparation of winner's pollination medicament in the step 2): by the matter of xanthan gum, boric acid, sucrose, winner's pollen, water
Xanthan gum is boiled into paste, is transferred in conventional vessel, after slightly cooling down by amount than being 2.8:1.5:650:1.5:5500 feeding
Boric acid, sucrose are sequentially added, and is dissolved in water, finally controls mixing liquid temperature in 26 DEG C or less addition pollen, stirring
It is uniformly mixed, preparation obtains winner's pollination medicament.
Quality determination includes crushing juice rate, soluble sugar content and soluble solid content in the step 4).
Soluble sugar content is by measuring soluble sugar content with Fehlings reagent in the step 4).
Soluble solid content is measured with ATAGO PAL-1 type sugar amount instrument in step 4).
Crushing juice rate is measured with weight method in the step 4).
Step 5) the nutritional supplementation fertilizer includes organic fertilizer, microelement, oil cake, fermented bean dregs, the organic fertilizer, micro
The feed ratio of element, oil cake and fermented bean dregs is 80:1.5:10:20.
The apple tree of band is the apple tree of winner's kind in the step 5).
Embodiment 3:
1) it plants, the apple tree of the apple tree of red dew kind and winner's kind is staggeredly planted in same apple orchard,
The apple tree of hot dew kind and the apple tree of winner's kind enter big flower bud phase, acquire red dew kind and winner's product respectively
It is collected in the middle disc flower of kind and side Hua Huaduo, the middle disc flower of Cong Honglu kind and side flower flower and obtains red dew pollen, from winner
It is collected in the middle disc flower of kind and side flower flower and obtains winner's pollen；
2) pulvis is prepared, red dew pollen and winner's pollen are prepared into red dew pollination medicament and winner's pollination medicine respectively
Agent；
3) it pollinates, selects the apple tree of growth and development normal 5~6 years red dew kinds, and select its development quality base
This consistent inflorescence removes anther when disc flower and side flower will open wherein, and winner pollination medicament is sufficiently awarded
On the column cap for giving the apple tree of red dew kind, the inflorescence pollinated set upper and lower part is tightened with paper fruit bag after pollination, be listed mark
Note, it is primary in pollination after 24 hours；The apple tree of winner's kind of normal 5~6 years of growth and development is selected, and selects it
The almost the same inflorescence of development quality removes anther when disc flower and side flower will open wherein, by the red dew pollination medicine
Agent is sufficiently authorized on the column cap of the apple tree of winner's kind, and the inflorescence pollinated is covered upper and lower part with paper fruit bag after pollination
It tightens, be listed mark, primary in pollination after 24 hours；
4) screen, the apple tree of the red dew kind after pollination and the apple tree of winner's kind after pollination enter fruit at
The ripe phase, according to the principle of " fruit and environmental change inconsistent " before harvesting, it is good to find out growing way, as a result more, Guo Ti great, and color is dense red
Standard branch, fruit quality measurement is carried out to the fruit of the standard compliant branch；
5) graft, spring in the coming year, the branch that quality determination sugariness is high, crushing juice rate is high, grafting growth and development normal 5~
It is bred on 6 years apple trees, applies nutritional supplementation fertilizer after the completion of grafting at 30~40cm of trunk；
6) it manages and determines, the apple tree after grafting is safeguarded, it is near after the apple tree after grafting enters fruiting period
Apple tree after few 10 plants of graftings is compared with the apple tree of original kind, if the fruit of the fruit tree after grafting is than the fruit of original kind
The fruit sweetness of tree is high, hangs that fruit is more, and growing way is good, Guo Ti great, moisture foot, colouring uniformly, fruit surface glow, then after the grafting
Fruit tree as red hat kind apple tree.
The preparation of red dew pollination medicament in the step 2): by xanthan gum, boric acid, sucrose, the red mass ratio for revealing pollen, water
For 2.4:1:500:1.2:4800 feeding, xanthan gum is boiled into paste, is transferred in conventional vessel, successively added after slightly cooling down
Enter boric acid, sucrose, and dissolved in water, finally controls mixing liquid temperature in 26 DEG C or less addition pollen, be stirred
Even, preparation obtains the red dew pollination medicament.
The preparation of winner's pollination medicament in the step 2): by the matter of xanthan gum, boric acid, sucrose, winner's pollen, water
Xanthan gum is boiled into paste, is transferred in conventional vessel than being 2.4:1:500:1.2:4800 feeding by amount, after slightly cooling according to
Secondary addition boric acid, sucrose, and dissolved in water, mixing liquid temperature is finally controlled in 26 DEG C or less addition pollen, and stirring is mixed
It closes uniformly, preparation obtains winner's pollination medicament.
Quality determination includes crushing juice rate, soluble sugar content and soluble solid content in the step 4).
Soluble sugar content is by measuring soluble sugar content with Fehlings reagent in the step 4).
Soluble solid content is measured with ATAGO PAL-1 type sugar amount instrument in step 4).
Crushing juice rate is measured with weight method in the step 4).
Step 5) the nutritional supplementation fertilizer includes organic fertilizer, microelement, oil cake, fermented bean dregs, the organic fertilizer, micro
The feed ratio of element, oil cake and fermented bean dregs is 78:1.2:8:18.
The apple tree of band is the apple tree of red dew kind or the apple tree therein one of winner's kind in the step 5)
Kind.
The above shows and describes the basic principle, main features and advantages of the invention.The technology of the industry
Personnel are it should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and description only describe this
The principle of invention, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, various changes and improvements may be made to the invention, these changes
Change and improvement all fall within the protetion scope of the claimed invention.The claimed scope of the invention by appended claims and its
Equivalent circle.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of breeding method by red dew and Richard Delicious made of bud mutation after winner's breeding, which is characterized in that including
The following steps:
1) it plants, the apple tree of the apple tree of red dew kind and winner's kind is staggeredly planted in same apple orchard, it is hot
The apple tree of the apple tree and winner's kind that reveal kind enters big flower bud phase, acquires red dew kind and winner's kind respectively
It is collected in middle disc flower and side Hua Huaduo, the middle disc flower of Cong Honglu kind and side flower flower and obtains red dew pollen, from winner's kind
Middle disc flower and side flower flower in collect obtain winner's pollen；
2) pulvis is prepared, red dew pollen and winner's pollen are prepared into red dew pollination medicament and winner's pollination medicament respectively；
3) it pollinates, selects the apple tree of growth and development normal 5~6 years red dew kinds, and select its development quality basic one
The inflorescence of cause removes anther when disc flower and side flower will open wherein, winner pollination medicament is sufficiently authorized red
On the column cap for revealing the apple tree of kind, the inflorescence pollinated set upper and lower part is tightened with paper fruit bag after pollination, be listed mark,
It is primary in pollination after 24 hours；The apple tree of winner's kind of normal 5~6 years of growth and development is selected, and selects its hair
The almost the same inflorescence of quality is educated, when disc flower and side flower will open wherein, anther is removed, by the red dew pollination medicament
On the column cap for sufficiently authorizing the apple tree of winner's kind, the inflorescence pollinated set upper and lower part is pricked with paper fruit bag after pollination
Tightly, be listed mark, primary in pollination after 24 hours；
4) it screens, the apple tree of the red dew kind after pollination and the apple tree of winner's kind after pollination enter fruit maturation
Phase, according to the principle of " fruit and environmental change inconsistent " before harvesting, it is good to find out growing way, as a result more, Guo Ti great, and color is dense red
The branch of standard carries out fruit quality measurement to the fruit of the standard compliant branch；
5) it grafts, spring in the coming year, the branch that quality determination sugariness is high, crushing juice rate is high is grafted normal 5~6 years in growth and development
Apple tree on bred, after the completion of grafting at 30~40cm of trunk apply nutritional supplementation fertilizer；
6) it management and determines, the apple tree after grafting is safeguarded, it, will at least 10 after the apple tree after grafting enters fruiting period
Apple tree after strain grafting is compared with the apple tree of original kind, if the fruit of the fruit tree after grafting is than the fruit tree of original kind
Fruit sweetness is high, hangs that fruit is more, and growing way is good, Guo Ti great, moisture foot, colouring uniformly, fruit surface glow, then the fruit after the grafting
Tree is used as red hat kind apple tree.
2. a kind of cultivation side by red dew and Richard Delicious made of bud mutation after winner's breeding as described in claim 1
Method, which is characterized in that the preparation of red dew pollination medicament in the step 2): by xanthan gum, boric acid, sucrose, red dew pollen, water
Mass ratio is the feeding of 1.5~2.8:0.5~1.5:400~650:0.5~1.5:4400~5500, and xanthan gum is boiled into paste,
It is transferred in conventional vessel, sequentially adds boric acid, sucrose after slightly cooling down, and dissolved in water, finally control mixed liquor
Temperature is uniformly mixed in 26 DEG C or less addition pollen, and preparation obtains the red dew pollination medicament.
3. a kind of cultivation side by red dew and Richard Delicious made of bud mutation after winner's breeding as described in claim 1
Method, which is characterized in that in the step 2) winner pollinate medicament preparation: by xanthan gum, boric acid, sucrose, winner's pollen,
The mass ratio of water is the feeding of 1.5~2.8:0.5~1.5:400~650:0.5~1.5:4400~5500, and xanthan gum is boiled into paste
Shape is transferred in conventional vessel, sequentially adds boric acid, sucrose after slightly cooling down, and dissolved in water, finally control mixing
Fluid temperature is uniformly mixed in 26 DEG C or less addition pollen, and preparation obtains winner's pollination medicament.
4. a kind of cultivation side by red dew and Richard Delicious made of bud mutation after winner's breeding as described in claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that: quality determination includes crushing juice rate, soluble sugar content and soluble solid content in the step 4).
5. a kind of cultivation side by red dew and Richard Delicious made of bud mutation after winner's breeding as claimed in claim 4
Method, it is characterised in that: soluble sugar content is by measuring soluble sugar content with Fehlings reagent in the step 4).
6. a kind of cultivation side by red dew and Richard Delicious made of bud mutation after winner's breeding as described in claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that: measure soluble solid content with ATAGO PAL-1 type sugar amount instrument in step 4).
7. a kind of cultivation side by red dew and Richard Delicious made of bud mutation after winner's breeding as described in claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that: measure crushing juice rate with weight method in the step 4).
8. a kind of cultivation side by red dew and Richard Delicious made of bud mutation after winner's breeding as described in claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that: step 5) the nutritional supplementation fertilizer includes organic fertilizer, microelement, oil cake, fermented bean dregs, described organic
Fertilizer, microelement, oil cake and fermented bean dregs feed ratio be 70~80:1~1.5:7~10:15~20.
9. a kind of cultivation side by red dew and Richard Delicious made of bud mutation after winner's breeding as described in claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that: in the step 5) apple tree of band be it is red dew kind apple tree or winner's kind apple tree its
One of.
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| CN113412738A (en) * | 2021-02-02 | 2021-09-21 | 威海市五十一号农场股份有限公司 | Breeding method of new high-quality apple variety and fertilizer thereof |
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