CN109618914A - A kind of preparation method of Siraitia grosvenorii spraying type pollinating method and pollen - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of Siraitia grosvenorii spraying type pollinating method and pollen Download PDFInfo
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- CN109618914A CN109618914A CN201910040751.9A CN201910040751A CN109618914A CN 109618914 A CN109618914 A CN 109618914A CN 201910040751 A CN201910040751 A CN 201910040751A CN 109618914 A CN109618914 A CN 109618914A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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Abstract
The present invention discloses the preparation method of a kind of Siraitia grosvenorii spraying type pollinating method and pollen, comprising the following steps: Siraitia grosvenorii male and female plant quantity proportionally carries out configuration cultivation, and female plant is that crop field horizontal rack is cultivated or pergola cultivation, staminiferous plant are that facility plastic greenhouse is cultivated.After Siraitia grosvenorii staminiferous plant enters the florescence, male flower is removed in the morning, takes back interior, cuts the anther of male flower, is placed in paper bag or non-woven bag, by equipped with Siraitia grosvenorii anther paper bag or non-woven bag be embedded in desiccant, dry 24 hours to 48 hours at normal temperature.The sieve that anther after drying is crossed to 120 mesh or 160 mesh, sifts out pollen.Pollen and auxiliary material are to mix after the ratio of 1:8 to 1:20 is matched by weight, are shaken up, and room temperature or be placed in refrigerator is stored.Pollination device spray head is dusted against the female chapiter of Siraitia grosvenorii by the pollen prepared loaded in manual pollination device or electric pollinizer in the morning at female plant florescence.Pollinating method of the invention is time saving and energy saving, can effectively improve Siraitia grosvenorii production efficiency and yield.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the preparation methods of a kind of Siraitia grosvenorii spraying type pollinating method and pollen, belong to crop planting neck
Domain.
Background technique
Siraitia grosvenorii Siraitiagrosvenororii (Swingle) C.Jeffrey is Curcurbitaceae Genus Siraitia Merr, is
One of Guangxi famous and expensive special local product, dry fruit is cool in nature, sweet in flavor, return lung, and the function of sound, laxation defaecation is opened with clearing heat and moistening lung, relieving sore-throat
Effect, cures mainly lung-heat type cough, pharyngalgia aphonia, dry constipation of intestines, obesity, cough ant phlegm, cold, acute bronchitis, throat
The illnesss such as inflammation, acute gastritis, tuberculosis hemoptysis, tonsillitis, asthma, at the same have beneficial liver spleen, blood pressure lowering, hypoglycemic, beauty,
The effect lose weight, refresh oneself, promoted the production of body fluid.Medicinal with sweetener plant as distinctive preciousness of China, Siraitia grosvenorii mainly originates in Guangxi forever
The ground such as good fortune, Lingui and dragon victory.Lo Han Guo fruit contain a variety of sweet tea glycosides, sweet tea glycosides V be in the world strongest non-saccharide sweet substance it
One, it is 300 times of sweetness of cane sugar or so, is widely used in food, health care product and drug, is diabetes patient, overweight people and Gao
The ideal sugar substitute of blood pressure patient, as flavouring for cooking and making cake, candy, biscuit and electuary, syrup, fruit
The food such as essence and concentration fruit dew.It is had long enjoyed a good reputation with the brewed herbal tea of Siraitia grosvenorii, and has developed a variety of commodity.
The flower of Siraitia grosvenorii belongs to female, male different strain unisexual flower, cannot achieve self-pollination.Nature insect pollinator such as honeybee, butterfly
Butterfly and flies seldom patronize Siraitia grosvenorii flower, and Wild Luohanguo natural result is few.Artificial cultivation Siraitia grosvenorii must carry out manually
Pollination, otherwise can not result.The Siraitia grosvenorii florescence is in midsummer, and pollen germination rate is remarkably decreased at high temperature, need to be complete at morning
At pollination work, the fruit-setting rate pollinated in the afternoon is significantly reduced.China's Siraitia grosvenorii is planted mostly in the biggish alpine region of the gradient, people
Work point flower pollination investment labour is more, at high cost, takes a lot of work and time-consuming.By taking the Pollination Modes of artificial point flower as an example, if a peasant household
Labour in terms of 2 people, the daily working time in terms of 8h, can only select and award 3~4 mu of Siraitia grosvenorii, i.e., quantity is 400~600 plants.Sieve
The Chinese fruit full-bloom stage daily single plant that is averaged is bloomed 40, and the amount of blooming is up to 5200 per acre, at present the point flower amount of peasant household for each person every day
At 3000 hereinafter, therefore need to increase largely could manually complete pollination work.Labor cost rises steadily in recent years, and
Rural area youth labour increasingly lacks again, the enthusiasm of serious blow peasant planting Siraitia grosvenorii.
Therefore research Siraitia grosvenorii spraying type pollinating method is to reduce the labor of pollination link to improve Pollination of Luohanguo efficiency
Fatigue resistance, specification Siraitia grosvenorii standardized planting technology realize Siraitia grosvenorii scale, industrialized planting.So far, Siraitia grosvenorii sprays
Powder formula pollinating method and its dried flower powder, preparation method thereof still belong to domestic and international blank.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the preparation methods of a kind of Siraitia grosvenorii spraying type pollinating method and pollen.The present invention changes
Siraitia grosvenorii manually puts colored Pollination Modes, improves production efficiency and yield, and reduces the labor intensity of Pollination of Luohanguo link, solves sieve
The problem of the lack of labor occurred during Chinese fruit large-scale planting, meets the needs of market is to Siraitia grosvenorii.
The scheme that the present invention solves above-mentioned technical problem is as follows；
A kind of Siraitia grosvenorii spraying type pollinating method and pollen preparation method, comprising the following steps:
1. Siraitia grosvenorii male and female plant carries out configuration cultivation according to the ratio of 10:1~16:1, female plant is the cultivation of crop field horizontal rack
Training or pergola cultivation, staminiferous plant are facility plastic greenhouse cultivation.
2. in the morning removing male flower after Siraitia grosvenorii staminiferous plant enters the florescence, interior is taken back, cuts the anther of male flower, is filled
Enter in paper bag or non-woven bag and shakeout, by equipped with Siraitia grosvenorii anther paper bag or non-woven bag be put in plastic sealing bag or
In person's hermetically sealed can, desiccant is poured into hermetic bag or hermetically sealed can, is embedded in paper bag or non-woven bag, dry 24 at normal temperature~
48 hours, during which every replacement primary drying agent in 6~8 hours.
3. the anther after drying to be crossed to the sieve of 120 mesh or 160 mesh, pollen is sifted out.Pollen and auxiliary material are according to weight ratio
The ratio of 1:8~1:16 mixes after being matched, and shakes up, and is sealed under room temperature, for use.The auxiliary material is flour, corn flour
Or Fruit Tree Pollination powder filler lycopod conidia powder.
4., by the pollen prepared loaded in manual pollination device or electric pollinizer, will pollinate in the morning at female plant florescence
Device spray head dusts about 0.5 second against the female chapiter of Siraitia grosvenorii.
The desiccant of the preparation method of above-mentioned Siraitia grosvenorii spraying type pollinating method and pollen can be silica-gel desiccant, mainly
Ingredient is silica, is also possible to activated alumina desiccant, is through ball-type activated alumina made of special process.It can also
To be other desiccant.
The upper pergola cultivation are as follows: arhat orcharding is made into furrow shape, furrow are 1.0~1.2 meters wide, and furrow are high by 0.2~0.3
Rice 0.3~0.5 meter of furrow width between furrow, builds high about 2.0 meters of " ∧ " shape hedge frame fruit canopy on furrow, and every 1.0~1.2 meters along furrow middle line
One plant of Siraitia grosvenorii of plantation.A small bamboo is inserted by Siraitia grosvenorii strain, so as to vines up climbing growth.At 30 centimetres of height of seedling, rice is used
Grass or the rope made of hemp loosely tie up main stem on bamboo, and Siraitia grosvenorii main stem is first led to frame canopy face, are managed by topping, shaping, trimming etc.
Reason, promotes lateral bines at different levels to be evenly distributed on frame canopy face, lateral bine more than general second level can blossom and bear fruit.
The desiccant of the preparation method of a kind of above-mentioned Siraitia grosvenorii spraying type pollinating method and pollen can be silica-gel desiccant,
Main component is silica, is also possible to activated alumina desiccant, is through ball-type activated alumina made of special process.
It is also possible to other desiccant.The citing desiccant is served only for explaining the present invention, is not intended to limit used in the present invention
The range of desiccant.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, the present invention will be further described.Principles and features of the present invention are retouched below
It states, the given examples are served only to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of preparation method of Siraitia grosvenorii spraying type pollinating method and pollen, comprising the following steps:
1. Siraitia grosvenorii male and female plant carries out configuration cultivation according to the ratio of 10:1, female plant is the cultivation of crop field horizontal rack, male
Strain is that facility plastic greenhouse is cultivated.
2. in the morning removing male flower after Siraitia grosvenorii staminiferous plant enters the florescence, interior is taken back, cuts the anther of male flower, it will
Anther is packed into paper bag and is shakeout, and the paper bag equipped with Siraitia grosvenorii anther is put in plastic sealing bag, silica-gel desiccant is fallen
Enter in hermetic bag, embed paper bag, dries 24 hours at normal temperature, during which every replacement primary drying agent in 6 hours.
3. the anther after drying to be crossed to the nylon wire sieve of 120 mesh, pollen is sifted out.Pollen and flour (auxiliary material) are according to weight
It mixes, shakes up after being matched than the ratio for 1:10, be sealed under room temperature, for use.
4., by deployed pollen loaded in hand operated duster pollination device, will pollinate in the morning at Siraitia grosvenorii female plant florescence
Device spray head dusts 0.5 second against the female chapiter of Siraitia grosvenorii.
The present embodiment is that in August, 2018 is pollinated in the Siraitia grosvenorii planting base of Guangxi Plant Inst., Siraitia grosvenorii spray
3-4 days ovarys are significantly expanded after powder pollination, and 15~25 days Siraitia grosvenorii young fruits are quickly expanded, grown after pollination, 35 days consequences of pollinating
Real to complete to expand growth link, fruit maturation after 85 days after pollination is in oblong.The present embodiment is pollinated 31, flower, as a result
29, percentage of fertile fruit is up to 93.55%, and big fruit 8, big fruit accounts for 27.59%；Middle fruit 14, middle fruit accounts for 48.28%.Use efficient liquid phase
It is 0.48% that coefficients data measured by chromatography, which obtains momordica glycoside V content, meets Siraitia grosvenorii plantation standard.
Embodiment 1 is 4.8 minutes using hand operated duster 31 flowers of pollination, used time, and pollination speed is 385 pieces/hour, than
Artificial point flower pollination speed (154 piece/hour of average out to) is 1.5 times fast.
Embodiment 2
A kind of preparation method of Siraitia grosvenorii spraying type pollinating method and pollen, comprising the following steps:
1. Siraitia grosvenorii male and female plant carries out configuration cultivation according to the ratio of 12:1, female plant is crop field pergola cultivation, and staminiferous plant is
Facility plastic greenhouse cultivation.
2. in the morning removing male flower after Siraitia grosvenorii staminiferous plant enters the florescence, interior is taken back, cuts the anther of male flower, it will
Anther is packed into non-woven fabrics sack and is shakeout, and the non-woven fabrics sack equipped with Siraitia grosvenorii anther is put in glass capsulation tank,
Silica-gel desiccant pours into hermetic bag, embeds non-woven fabrics sack, dries 48 hours at normal temperature, during which replaced one every 8 hours
Secondary desiccant.
3. the anther after drying to be crossed to the stainless steel mesh screen of 160 mesh, pollen is sifted out.Pollen and corn flour (auxiliary material) are according to weight
Amount shakes up, is sealed under room temperature, for use than being to mix after the ratio of 1:16 is matched.
4., by deployed pollen loaded in electric powder-spraying apparatus pollination device, will pollinate in the morning at Siraitia grosvenorii female plant florescence
Device spray head dusts 0.5 second against the female chapiter of Siraitia grosvenorii.
The present embodiment is to pollinate in the Siraitia grosvenorii planting base of Guangxi Plant Inst. in July, 2018, Siraitia grosvenorii spray
3-4 days ovarys are significantly expanded after powder pollination, and 10~25 days Siraitia grosvenorii young fruits are quickly expanded, grown after pollination, 31 days consequences of pollinating
Real to complete to expand growth link, fruit maturation after 80 days, oval after pollination.The present embodiment is pollinated 46, flower, and as a result 42
A, percentage of fertile fruit is up to 91.30%, big fruit 13, large fruit rate 30.95%；Middle fruit 20, middle fruit accounting are 47.62%.With efficient
It is 0.47% that liquid chromatography, which measures momordica glycoside V content, meets Siraitia grosvenorii plantation standard.
Embodiment 2 using electric powder-spraying apparatus pollinate 46 flowers, the used time be 4.86 minutes, pollination speed be 567.9/it is small
When, it is 2.7 times faster than manually putting flower pollination speed (154 piece/hour of average out to).
Embodiment 3
A kind of preparation method of Siraitia grosvenorii spraying type pollinating method and pollen, comprising the following steps:
1. Siraitia grosvenorii male and female plant carries out configuration cultivation according to the ratio of 16:1, female plant is crop field pergola cultivation, and staminiferous plant is
Facility plastic greenhouse cultivation.
2. in the morning removing male flower after Siraitia grosvenorii staminiferous plant enters the florescence, interior is taken back, cuts the anther of male flower, it will
Anther is packed into non-woven fabrics sack and is shakeout, and the non-woven fabrics sack equipped with Siraitia grosvenorii anther is put in glass capsulation tank,
Silica-gel desiccant pours into hermetic bag, embeds non-woven fabrics sack, dries 36 hours at normal temperature, during which replaced one every 8 hours
Secondary desiccant.
3. the anther after drying to be crossed to the stainless steel mesh screen of 160 mesh, pollen is sifted out.(Qingdao is rich for pollen and lycopod conidia powder
Shi Shan development in agricultural science and technology Co., Ltd production) according to weight ratio be 1:8 ratio matched after mix, shake up, under room temperature
It is sealed, for use.
4., by deployed pollen loaded in electric powder-spraying apparatus pollination device, will pollinate in the morning at Siraitia grosvenorii female plant florescence
Device spray head dusts 0.5 second against the female chapiter of Siraitia grosvenorii.
The present embodiment is that in August, 2018 is pollinated in the Siraitia grosvenorii planting base of Guangxi Plant Inst., Siraitia grosvenorii spray
3-5 days ovarys are significantly expanded after powder pollination, and 10~25 days Siraitia grosvenorii young fruits are quickly expanded, grown after pollination, 35 days consequences of pollinating
Real to complete to expand growth link, fruit maturation after 85 days, oval after pollination.The present embodiment is pollinated 51, flower, and as a result 48
A, percentage of fertile fruit is up to 94.11%, big fruit 15, large fruit rate 31.25%；Middle fruit 23, middle fruit accounting are 47.92%.With efficient
It is 0.46% that liquid chromatography, which measures momordica glycoside V content, meets Siraitia grosvenorii standardized planting standard.
Embodiment 3 is 5 minutes using electric powder-spraying apparatus 51 flowers of pollination, used time, and pollination speed is 612 pieces/hour, compares people
Work point flower pollination speed (154 piece/hour of average out to) is 2.97 times fast.
The foregoing is merely preferable embodiments of the invention, are not intended to limit the invention, all in method of the invention
Within made any modification, same replacement, improve etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. the preparation method of a kind of Siraitia grosvenorii spraying type pollinating method and pollen, it is characterized in that the following steps are included:
A. Siraitia grosvenorii male and female plant carries out configuration cultivation according to the ratio of 10:1~16:1, female plant be crop field horizontal rack cultivate or
Person's pergola cultivation, staminiferous plant are facility plastic greenhouse cultivation；
B. after Siraitia grosvenorii staminiferous plant enters the florescence, male flower is removed in the morning, takes back interior, cuts the anther of male flower, by anther
It is packed into paper bag or non-woven bag and is shakeout, the paper bag that Siraitia grosvenorii anther is housed or non-woven bag are put in plastic sealing bag
Or in hermetically sealed can, desiccant is poured into hermetic bag or hermetically sealed can, embeds paper bag or non-woven bag, it is small to dry 24 at normal temperature
When~48 hours, during which every replacement primary drying agent in 6~8 hours；
C., the sieve that anther after drying is crossed to 120 mesh or 160 mesh, sifts out pollen.Pollen and auxiliary material according to weight ratio be 1:8~
The ratio of 1:16 mixes after being matched, and shakes up, and is sealed under room temperature, for use；The auxiliary material is flour, corn flour or fruit tree
Pollination powder filler lycopod conidia powder；
D. in the morning at Siraitia grosvenorii female plant florescence, the pollen prepared is pollinated loaded on hand operated duster pollination device or electric powder spraying
In device, pollination device spray head is dusted about 0.5 second against the female chapiter of Siraitia grosvenorii.
2. the horizontal rack cultivation of the preparation method of a kind of Siraitia grosvenorii spraying type pollinating method and pollen according to claim 1
Are as follows: by 2.2 meters of long timbers, by 3 meters long × wide 2 meters apart from staking out, canopy height because of people Gao Erding, usually 1.5~1.7 meters,
Column top iron wire is connected anyhow, and tension is reinforced, and constitutes planar bracket；The nylon wire for being again 0.15 meter or so by mesh width
It is covered on iron wire bracket, forms plane ceiling face, after cultivating Siraitia grosvenorii seedling, a small bamboo is inserted by strain, so that vines are up climbed
Help growth.At 30 centimetres of height of seedling, main stem is loosely tied up on bamboo with straw or the rope made of hemp, helps canopy in vines, then by beating
The management such as top, shaping, trimming, promotes to form lateral bines at different levels and be evenly distributed on canopy face, lateral bine more than general second level can
To breed bud, blossom and bear fruit；
The pergola cultivation are as follows: arhat orcharding is made into furrow shape, furrow are 1.0~1.2 meters wide, and furrow are 0.2~0.3 meter high, between furrow
0.3~0.5 meter of furrow width, high about 2.0 meters of " ∧ " shape hedge frame fruit canopy is built on furrow, along every 1.0~1.2 meters of plantations arhat of furrow middle line
One plant of fruit.A small bamboo is inserted by Siraitia grosvenorii strain, so as to vines up climbing growth.At 30 centimetres of height of seedling, with straw or the rope made of hemp
Main stem is loosely tied up on bamboo, Siraitia grosvenorii main stem is first led into frame canopy face, is managed by topping, shaping, trimming etc., is promoted each
Grade lateral bine is evenly distributed on frame canopy face, and lateral bine more than general second level can blossom and bear fruit.
3. a kind of desiccant of the preparation method of Siraitia grosvenorii spraying type pollinating method and pollen can be according to claim 1
Silica-gel desiccant, main component are silica, are also possible to activated alumina desiccant, are through ball-type made of special process
Activated alumina.It is also possible to other desiccant.The citing desiccant is served only for explaining the present invention, is not intended to limit
The range of desiccant used in the present invention.
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Cited By (2)
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| CN112136615A (en) * | 2020-09-27 | 2020-12-29 | 湖南雨泉农业发展有限公司 | High-yield fructus momordicae planting method |
| CN114532215A (en) * | 2022-01-10 | 2022-05-27 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Method for increasing proportion of female momordica grosvenori seeds |
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