CN110521394B - Corn stalk returning device - Google Patents

Corn stalk returning device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110521394B
CN110521394B CN201910959877.6A CN201910959877A CN110521394B CN 110521394 B CN110521394 B CN 110521394B CN 201910959877 A CN201910959877 A CN 201910959877A CN 110521394 B CN110521394 B CN 110521394B
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China
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returning
gear
straw
smashing
fixing frame
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CN201910959877.6A
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CN110521394A (en
Inventor
侯云鹏
孔丽丽
刘志全
尹彩侠
赵胤凯
王蒙
秦裕波
李前
孙博
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Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B49/00Combined machines
    • A01B49/04Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01DHARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D82/00Crop conditioners, i.e. machines for crushing or bruising stalks

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Working Implements (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a corn straw returning device which comprises a front fixing frame, wherein a hydraulic adjusting device is arranged below the front fixing frame, a controller is arranged outside the front fixing frame, an elastic travelling wheel driving device is arranged behind the front fixing frame, and a double-shaft straw crushing and returning device is arranged in the center of the front fixing frame. The elasticity of the compression spring is adjusted through the electric telescopic rod, so that the rolling wheel can stably rotate to provide power for the device, and the crushing shaft rotates at a high speed under the action of the rolling wheel and the gear accelerator, so that the straws in the farmland are crushed and returned to the field, and the problem of troublesome driving when the straw returning machine is arranged in front is effectively solved; through the staggered and crossed distribution of the transmission gears, the two rotating gears and the straw returning blades, the straws are sufficiently crushed, the crushing effect of the straws is effectively improved, and the straws can be rapidly decomposed.

Description

Corn stalk returning device
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of relevant equipment for farmland planting, in particular to a corn straw returning device.
Background
The straw returning is a soil fertility increasing and yield increasing measure generally regarded in the world at present, and has the functions of increasing fertilizer and increasing yield while avoiding atmospheric pollution caused by straw burning. The straw returning can increase soil organic matters, improve soil structure, loosen soil, increase porosity, reduce capacity and promote microbial activity and crop root development.
In patent CN201610362137.0, adopt the level of modern industrial machinery, install breather, the camera, fertilizer injection unit, the device of falling over, the brake block, PLC electrically controlled device, the reducing mechanism, air conditioning equipment, the fertilizer distributor, breather and air conditioning system, make the operational environment of control chamber can not appear overheated or supercooled phenomenon, this humanized design, improve driver's work efficiency, the installation of camera and brake block, make the operation process obtain real time monitoring, the installation of the device of falling over, can now fall over the corn stalk first, reduced the degree of difficulty of crushing work, the crushing blade in the reducing mechanism, make the corn stalk crush length master, the straw is compacted, promote emergence and growth of crop, the installation of the fertilizer distributor, make the process of returning to the field of the invention.
The wheat can be generally planted after the corn is harvested, the existing corn straw returning machine can effectively return the corn straws to the field when in use, but the existing corn straw returning machine is arranged behind a tractor, so that the corn straw returning machine cannot simultaneously work with plowing, and the front-mounted corn straw returning machine is troublesome in driving.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems, and designs a corn straw returning device which has the functions of quick straw returning and less residual residue, solves the problem that the existing straw returning machine is troublesome to drive when being installed in front of a tractor, and can fully crush corn straws by the staggered distribution of straw returning blades on double cutting shafts, and meanwhile, power is provided for the device by the movement of the tractor, so that the problem that the driving mode is difficult due to the fact that the device is installed at the front part of the tractor is effectively avoided.
The technical scheme of the invention is that the corn straw returning device comprises a front fixing frame, a hydraulic adjusting device is arranged below the front fixing frame, a controller is arranged outside the front fixing frame, an elastic travelling wheel driving device is arranged behind the front fixing frame, and a double-shaft straw crushing returning device is arranged in the center of the front fixing frame;
the elastic walking wheel driving device comprises spring sleeves installed on two sides below the front fixing frame, reinforcing rods are installed between two sides of each spring sleeve and the front fixing frame, an electric telescopic rod is installed at the upper end inside each spring sleeve, a pressure sensor is installed at the lower end of the electric telescopic rod, a spring baffle is installed below the pressure sensor, a compression spring is installed inside each spring sleeve, the compression spring is in movable contact with the spring baffle, a telescopic column is installed at the lower end of the compression spring, rolling bearings are installed at the lower ends of the telescopic columns, rolling shafts are installed in the two rolling bearings, rolling wheels are installed at two ends of each rolling shaft, an electromagnetic clutch is installed at one end of each rolling shaft, a gear accelerator is installed below the outer surface of each spring sleeve, and the gear accelerator is connected with the output end of the electromagnetic clutch through a gear set, the output end of the gear accelerator is provided with a driving gear, one end of the electromagnetic clutch is provided with the driving gear, one side of the lower part of the front fixed frame is provided with an elastic telescopic rod, a supporting bearing is arranged below the elastic telescopic rod, a supporting rotating shaft is arranged in the supporting bearing, and a supporting gear is arranged on the supporting rotating shaft;
the double-shaft straw smashing and returning device comprises a smashing and returning box arranged at the center below a front fixed frame, smashing shafts are arranged on two sides of the center inside the smashing and returning box, the smashing shafts are connected with the smashing and returning box through smashing bearings, a plurality of straw returning blades are arranged on the smashing shafts and are uniformly distributed on the smashing shafts, a rotating gear is arranged at one end of one smashing shaft, a transmission bearing is arranged above the side surface of one side of the smashing and returning box, a transmission rotating shaft is arranged in the transmission bearing, a transmission gear is arranged on the transmission rotating shaft and is meshed with the rotating gear, a driven gear is arranged at one end of the other smashing shaft, a transmission chain is sleeved on the driven gear and the driving gear, the transmission chain is meshed with a supporting gear, and a straw inlet is arranged below the front end of the smashing and returning box, the straw inlet is provided with a strip-shaped rubber soft board.
The hydraulic adjusting device comprises hydraulic oil cylinders arranged at four corners in front of the lower surface of the front fixing frame, the telescopic ends of the hydraulic oil cylinders are downward, the telescopic ends of the four hydraulic oil cylinders are provided with lifting fixing plates, and the lower surfaces of the lifting fixing plates are fixedly connected with the crushing returning box.
The storage battery device comprises a storage battery box arranged above the front fixing frame, a storage battery pack is arranged inside the storage battery box, a charging interface is arranged on the side surface of the storage battery box, and the charging interface is electrically connected with the storage battery pack.
The smashing and returning box is characterized in that an opening is formed in the lower portion of the smashing and returning box, Contraband-type sealing baffles are installed below the smashing and returning box, and two ends of the Contraband-type sealing baffles are tilted upwards.
The straw returning blade consists of two inclined blades and a straight blade.
An angle-shaped support frame is installed above the front fixing frame, and two ends of the angle-shaped support frame are fixedly connected with two ends of the upper surface of the front fixing frame.
The straw returning blade extends out of the lower surface of the crushing returning box.
The straw returning blades on the two crushing shafts are distributed in a staggered mode, and the rotating radiuses of the straw returning blades on the two crushing shafts are crossed.
The front fixed frame is connected with the front end of the tractor through bolts and nuts.
The corn straw returning device manufactured by the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the straw returning device, the elasticity of the compression spring is adjusted through the electric telescopic rod, so that sufficient friction force is kept between the rolling wheel and the ground for rolling, the rolling wheel can stably rotate to provide power for the device, the crushing shaft is rotated at a high speed under the action of the rolling wheel and the gear accelerator, and accordingly straws in a farmland are crushed and returned, and the problem that the driving mode is troublesome when the straw returning machine is arranged in front is effectively solved;
according to the straw returning device, the transmission gears are matched with the two rotating gears, so that the two crushing shafts are in the same steering direction, and the straw is crushed fully by the rotation of the two straw returning blades through the staggered and crossed distribution of the straw returning blades, so that the crushing effect of the straw is effectively improved, and the straw can be decomposed quickly;
this straw returning device is through setting up the place ahead at the tractor to can make the straw smash the quick ploughing machine through the installation of tractor rear after returning the field back, will smash the straw after returning the field and turn over and press still field, make the straw buried deeply in soil, reduce staff's work load, reduce the straw residue at farmland on the surface remain, make going on that follow-up planting work can be smooth.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a corn stalk returning apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the resilient traction drive assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the straw returning blade of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a drive gear according to the present invention;
in the figure, 1, a front fixed frame; 2. a controller; 3. a spring sleeve; 4. a reinforcing bar; 5. an electric telescopic rod; 6. a pressure sensor; 7. a spring baffle; 8. a compression spring; 9. a telescopic column; 10. a rolling bearing; 11. a roll axis; 12. rolling the wheel; 13. an electromagnetic clutch; 14. a gear accelerator; 15. an elastic telescopic rod; 16. a support bearing; 17. a support shaft; 18. a support gear; 19. crushing and returning to a field box; 20. a crushing shaft; 21. crushing the bearing; 22. a straw returning blade; 23. a rotating gear; 24. a drive bearing; 25. a transmission rotating shaft; 26. a transmission gear; 27. a driven gear; 28. a drive chain; 29. a straw inlet; 30. a strip-shaped rubber soft board; 31. a hydraulic cylinder; 32. a lifting fixing plate; 33. a battery case; 34. a battery pack; 35. a charging interface; 36. model Contraband sealing baffle; 37. an angle-shaped support frame; 38. a gear set; 39. the gears are driven.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, as shown in FIGS. 1-4, in this embodiment:
in the device, power is supplied to the device through a storage battery pack 34, the storage battery pack 34 is connected with an external charging device through a charging interface 35 for charging, a power output end of the storage battery pack 34 is electrically connected with a controller 2, an electric telescopic rod 5, an electromagnetic clutch 13 and a hydraulic oil cylinder 31 for supplying power, the controller 2 is an FX1S-10MT-001 type PLC (programmable logic controller), a control signal output end of the controller 2 is electrically connected with the electric telescopic rod 5, the electromagnetic clutch 13 and the hydraulic oil cylinder 31 through transistors respectively, and a signal receiving end of the controller 2 is electrically connected with a signal sending end of a pressure sensor 6, so that the operation of the whole device is controlled.
The invention is characterized in that the structure design of the elastic walking wheel driving device is combined with an attached drawing 1 and an attached drawing 2, the elastic walking wheel driving device comprises spring sleeves 3 arranged on two sides below a front fixed frame 1, reinforcing rods 4 are arranged between two sides of each spring sleeve 3 and the front fixed frame 1, an electric telescopic rod 5 is arranged at the upper end inside each spring sleeve 3, a pressure sensor 6 is arranged at the lower end of each electric telescopic rod 5, a spring baffle 7 is arranged below each pressure sensor 6, a compression spring 8 is arranged inside each spring sleeve 3, each compression spring 8 is movably contacted with the corresponding spring baffle 7, a telescopic column 9 is arranged at the lower end of each compression spring 8, rolling bearings 10 are arranged at the lower ends of the telescopic columns 9, rolling shafts 11 are arranged in the two rolling bearings 10, rolling wheels 12 are arranged at two ends of each rolling shaft 11, an electromagnetic clutch 13 is arranged at one end of each rolling shaft 11, and an accelerator gear 14 is arranged below the outer surface of each spring sleeve, the gear accelerator 14 is connected with the output end of the electromagnetic clutch 13 through a gear set 38, the output end of the gear accelerator is provided with a driving gear 39, one side of the lower part of the front fixed frame 1 is provided with an elastic telescopic rod 15, a supporting bearing 16 is arranged below the elastic telescopic rod 15, a supporting rotating shaft 17 is arranged in the supporting bearing 16, and a supporting gear 18 is arranged on the supporting rotating shaft 17; elasticity of the compression spring 8 is adjusted through stretching of the electric telescopic rod 5, so that sufficient friction force is kept between the rolling wheel 12 and the farmland ground, the rolling wheel 12 can rotate stably, the rotating electric driving gear 39 of the rolling wheel 12 can rotate at a high speed through the action of the gear accelerator 14, power is provided for the device, and the problem of power transmission trouble when the device is installed in the front of a tractor is effectively solved.
The invention relates to a structural design of a double-shaft straw smashing and returning device, which is characterized in that the structural design is combined with an attached drawing 1, an attached drawing 3 and an attached drawing 4, the double-shaft straw smashing and returning device comprises a smashing and returning box 19 arranged at the center below a front fixed frame 1, smashing shafts 20 are arranged at two sides of the center inside the smashing and returning box 19, the smashing shafts 20 and the smashing and returning box 19 are connected through smashing bearings 21, a plurality of straw returning blades 22 are arranged on the smashing shafts 20, the straw returning blades 22 are uniformly distributed on the smashing shafts 20, the straw returning blades 22 on the two smashing shafts 20 are distributed in a staggered manner, the rotating radiuses of the straw returning blades 22 on the two smashing shafts 20 are crossed, one end of one smashing shaft 20 is provided with a rotating gear 23, a transmission bearing 24 is arranged above the side surface of one side of the smashing and returning box 19, a transmission rotating shaft 25 is arranged in the transmission bearing 24, and a transmission gear 26 is arranged on the transmission rotating shaft 25, a transmission gear 26 is meshed with the rotating gear 23, one end of the other crushing shaft 20 is provided with a driven gear 27, the driven gear 27 and a driving gear 39 are sleeved with a transmission chain 28, the transmission chain 28 is meshed with the supporting gear 18, a straw inlet 29 is arranged below the front end of the crushing returning box 19, and a strip-shaped rubber soft plate 30 is arranged on the straw inlet 29; through the cooperation of drive gear 26 and running gear 23, make two rotation direction that smash axle 20 the same to through the crossing and crisscross distribution of straw returning to the field blade 22, make the straw carry out abundant crushing, thereby make the straw decompose in the farmland fast, promoted the still efficiency in straw field, the promotion that the fertility that makes the farmland can be quick.
In the device, the hydraulic adjusting device drives the lifting fixing plate 32 to lift through the extension and retraction of the hydraulic oil cylinder 31, so as to drive the crushing returning box 19 to lift and control the crushing returning work to go on and stop.
The working principle of the device is as follows: when straw returning work needs to be carried out, firstly, the charging interface 35 is connected with an external charging device for charging, after charging is completed, workers manually install the front fixing frame 1 in front of the tractor, fix the front fixing frame 1 through bolts and nuts, and install the plough machine behind the tractor;
after the installation is finished, at the moment, a worker drives the tractor to drive the tractor to the farmland, the worker drives the tractor to move on the farmland at a constant speed, the tractor moves at the constant speed to push the front fixed frame 1 to move at the constant speed, and the rolling wheels 12 rotate along with the constant speed movement of the front fixed frame 1 through contact with the farmland ground;
at the moment, the pressure of the compression spring 8 is detected through the pressure sensor 6, when the elastic pressure of the compression spring 8 is lower than a set value, the electric telescopic rod 5 is controlled to stretch out, the electric telescopic rod 5 drives the spring baffle 7 to start to descend, the compression spring 8 is compressed, the elasticity of the compression spring 8 is increased, the friction force between the rolling wheel 12 and the farmland ground is increased, the rolling wheel 12 can be ensured to rotate stably, when the pressure value detected by the pressure sensor 6 exceeds the highest set value, the electric telescopic rod 5 is controlled to contract, and the elasticity of the compression spring 8 is kept in a constant range;
simultaneously controlling the electromagnetic clutch 13 to start working, driving the gear accelerator 14 to start working under the action of the gear set 38 after the electromagnetic clutch 13 is switched on, driving the driving gear 39 to start high-speed rotation by the gear accelerator 14, driving the driven gear 27 to start high-speed rotation by the driving gear 39 under the action of the transmission chain 28, driving one crushing shaft 20 to start high-speed rotation by the driven gear 27, and enabling the crushing shaft 20 to drive the other crushing shaft 20 to synchronously rotate through the meshing of the transmission gear 26 and the rotating gear 23, wherein the rotating directions of the two crushing shafts 20 are the same;
at the moment, the hydraulic oil cylinder 31 is controlled to extend downwards, the hydraulic oil cylinder 31 extends out to drive the lifting fixing plate 32 to fall, so that the crushing returning box 19 falls to be in contact with the ground of a farmland, the straw returning blade 22 on the crushing shaft 20 is in contact with the ground of the farmland, the position of the driven gear 27 changes in the falling process of the crushing returning box 19, the position of the supporting gear 18 is adjusted through the expansion and contraction of the elastic expansion link 15, so that the supporting gear 18 always keeps the transmission chain in a tight state, and the transmission chain can normally rotate;
when the straw returning blade 22 is in contact with the ground, the straw returning blade 22 on one side lifts soil and straws on the ground of a farmland through the rotation of the crushing shafts 20, the lifted soil and straws are positioned between the two crushing shafts 20, and the straw returning blade 22 on the two crushing shafts 20 is matched with the rapid rotation of the straw returning blade 22 on the two crushing shafts 20, so that the straws are crushed rapidly;
in the straw crushing process, because the straw returning blade 22 is in contact with the ground of a farmland, a large amount of raised dust is generated, and the crushing returning box 19 is in full contact with the ground under the action of the Contraband type sealing baffle plate 36, so that the volatilization of the raised dust is effectively avoided, and meanwhile, the straw inlet 29 is shielded by the strip-shaped rubber soft plate 30, so that the raised dust is controlled inside the crushing returning box 19, and the working environment of workers is ensured;
and the straw after smashing still field is ploughed by the plow machine of tractor rear installation along with the removal of tractor to make the straw after smashing turn over the pressure still field that can be quick, thereby bury the underground with the straw after smashing, make the farmland surface cleaner, thereby effectual staff's operation of having saved makes going on smoothly of subsequent planting work.
The technical solutions described above only represent the preferred technical solutions of the present invention, and some possible modifications to some parts of the technical solutions by those skilled in the art all represent the principles of the present invention, and fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A corn straw returning device comprises a front fixing frame (1), wherein a hydraulic adjusting device is installed below the front fixing frame (1), a storage battery device is installed on the front fixing frame (1), and a controller (2) is arranged outside the front fixing frame (1), and is characterized in that an elastic walking wheel driving device is arranged behind the front fixing frame (1), and a double-shaft straw smashing and returning device is arranged in the center in front of the front fixing frame (1);
the elastic walking wheel driving device comprises spring sleeves (3) installed on two sides below a front fixed frame (1), reinforcing rods (4) are installed between two sides of each spring sleeve (3) and the front fixed frame (1), an electric telescopic rod (5) is installed at the upper end inside each spring sleeve (3), a pressure sensor (6) is installed at the lower end of the electric telescopic rod (5), a spring baffle (7) is installed below the pressure sensor (6), a compression spring (8) is installed inside each spring sleeve (3), the compression spring (8) is in movable contact with the spring baffle (7), a telescopic column (9) is installed at the lower end of the compression spring (8), rolling bearings (10) are installed at the lower ends of the telescopic columns (9), rolling shafts (11) are installed in the two rolling bearings (10), and rolling wheels (12) are installed at two ends of the rolling shafts (11), an electromagnetic clutch (13) is installed at one end of the rolling shaft (11), a gear accelerator (14) is installed below the outer side surface of the spring sleeve, the gear accelerator (14) is connected with the output end of the electromagnetic clutch (13) through a gear set (38), a driving gear (39) is installed at the output end of the gear accelerator, an elastic telescopic rod (15) is installed on one side below the front fixed frame (1), a supporting bearing (16) is installed below the elastic telescopic rod (15), a supporting rotating shaft (17) is installed in the supporting bearing (16), and a supporting gear (18) is installed on the supporting rotating shaft (17);
the double-shaft straw smashing and returning device comprises a smashing and returning box (19) arranged at the center of the lower part of a front fixed frame (1), smashing and returning boxes (19) internally provided with smashing shafts (20) at the centers, the smashing shafts (20) and the smashing and returning boxes (19) are connected through smashing bearings (21), a plurality of straw returning blades (22) are installed on the smashing shafts (20), the straw returning blades (22) are uniformly distributed on the smashing shafts (20), a rotating gear (23) is installed at one end of one smashing shaft (20), a transmission bearing (24) is installed above the side surface of one side of the smashing and returning boxes (19), a transmission rotating shaft (25) is installed in the transmission bearing (24), a transmission gear (26) is installed on the transmission rotating shaft (25), and the transmission gear (26) is meshed with the rotating gear (23), driven gear (27) are installed to the one end of another crushing axle (20), driven gear (27) and drive gear (39) are gone up the cover and are equipped with drive chain (28), drive chain (28) and supporting gear (18) interlock mutually, it has straw import (29) to smash still field case (19) front end below, install strip rubber soft board (30) on straw import (29).
2. The corn straw returning device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hydraulic adjusting device comprises hydraulic oil cylinders (31) mounted at four corners in front of the lower surface of the front fixing frame (1), the telescopic ends of the hydraulic oil cylinders (31) face downwards, the telescopic ends of the four hydraulic oil cylinders (31) are provided with lifting fixing plates (32), and the lower surfaces of the lifting fixing plates (32) are fixedly connected with the crushing returning box (19).
3. The corn straw returning device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the storage battery device comprises a storage battery box (33) mounted above the front fixing frame (1), a storage battery pack (34) is mounted inside the storage battery box (33), a charging interface (35) is mounted on the side surface of the storage battery box (33), and the charging interface (35) is electrically connected with the storage battery pack (34).
4. The corn stalk returning device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the crushing returning box (19) is open at the bottom, an Contraband-type sealing baffle (36) is installed at the bottom of the crushing returning box (19), and both ends of the Contraband-type sealing baffle (36) are tilted upwards.
5. The corn stalk returning apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the stalk returning blade (22) is composed of two inclined blades and a straight blade.
6. The corn stalk returning device as claimed in claim 1, wherein an angle-shaped support frame (37) is installed above the front fixing frame (1), and two ends of the angle-shaped support frame (37) are fixedly connected with two ends of the upper surface of the front fixing frame (1).
7. The corn stalk returning apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the stalk returning blade (22) extends out of the lower surface of the crushing returning box (19).
8. The corn stalk returning device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the stalk returning blades (22) on the two crushing shafts (20) are distributed in a staggered manner, and the rotation radii of the stalk returning blades (22) on the two crushing shafts (20) are crossed.
9. The corn stalk returning device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the front fixing frame (1) is connected with the front end of the tractor through bolts and nuts.
CN201910959877.6A 2019-10-10 2019-10-10 Corn stalk returning device Active CN110521394B (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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CN110521394B true CN110521394B (en) 2021-11-09

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CN111512718B (en) * 2020-04-27 2022-05-27 黑龙江省农业科学院齐齐哈尔分院 Straw smashing, cleaning and shifting-out device
CN113475219A (en) * 2021-07-09 2021-10-08 西藏自治区农牧科学院农业研究所 Harvesting device suitable for shunting and harvesting spike and stem of highland barley simplified cultivation technology
CN115250686A (en) * 2022-07-22 2022-11-01 河南农业大学 Soybean and corn strip-shaped composite planting fertilizing and seeding machine

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