CN110511694A - 一种防水卷材用pvdf复合pvc抗紫外片材及制备方法 - Google Patents

一种防水卷材用pvdf复合pvc抗紫外片材及制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110511694A
CN110511694A CN201910766240.5A CN201910766240A CN110511694A CN 110511694 A CN110511694 A CN 110511694A CN 201910766240 A CN201910766240 A CN 201910766240A CN 110511694 A CN110511694 A CN 110511694A
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pvdf
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易向阳
朱文勇
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UPASS MATERIAL TECHNOLOGY (SHANGHAI) Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种防水卷材用PVDF复合PVC抗紫外片材及制备方法，片材由依次设置的PVDF膜、胶水层、PVC主体层、粘合胶层和离型层构成，其中：所述PVDF膜的厚度为0.015‑0.025mm，宽度为860mm‑1920mm；所述胶水层的厚度为0.0003‑0.0005mm；所述PVC主体层，用于增加强度及阻燃，其厚度为2‑5mm，宽度为900mm‑1100mm；所述粘合胶层厚度为1‑2mm，宽度为1060mm‑2120mm；所述离型层的厚度为0.03‑0.04mm，宽度为1060mm‑2120mm。将聚氯乙烯(PVC)片材的高强度和聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)的抗晒耐老化有效的结合，能直接用于单层屋面方面和金属屋面外露抗紫外耐晒，克服聚氯乙稀(PVC)片材外露抗晒寿命只有5‑10年年左右，使用寿命延长到25年，满足新的“市政和建筑防水通用规范”要求。

Description

一种防水卷材用PVDF复合PVC抗紫外片材及制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及建筑防水材料领域，特别涉及一种防水卷材用PVDF复合PVC抗紫外片材及制备方法。
背景技术
在防水行业，聚氯乙烯(PVC)防水卷材，以聚氯乙烯树脂为主要原料。加入各类专用助剂和抗老化组份，采用先进设备和先进的工艺生产制成。产品具有拉伸强度大、延伸率高、收缩率小，使用寿命长等特点。产品性能稳定、质量可靠、施工方便。
但聚氯乙烯PVC防水卷材主要缺陷有：耐高温性不好，在较热的环境中工作容易变形。热稳定性不好，低温下***脆化，高温下易软化松驰。对光和热的稳定性差，在100℃以上或经长时间阳光曝晒，就会分解而产生氯化氢，并进一步自动催化分解，引起变色，物理机械性能也迅速下降，在实际应用中必须加入稳定剂以提高对热和光的稳定性。并且一般聚氯乙烯PVC防水卷材配方中含有增塑剂，增塑剂因是小分子，容易析出，使材料***，
紫外光是引起PVC老化的主要因素，其所具有的能量在攻击高分子化学结构导致断键、断链等“光致化学降解”作用上最有威力。据光量子理论，在290～400nm范围的紫外光所具有的能量高于PVC链上各种化学键断裂所需要的能量，且远紫外光(波长200—300nm)的存在还会使材料的光氧老化变得更为明显。所以，PVC虽然有一定的抗紫外能力，抗紫外老化能力有限，即使增加抗紫外助剂，外露耐候一般在5-10年左右，根据新的“市政和建筑防水通用规范”要求：屋面防水年限超过25年，显然作为外露抗晒材料，PVC是不能达到外露超过25年要求的。
发明内容
为了克服上述现有技术的不足，本发明提供了一种防水卷材用PVDF复合PVC抗紫外片材及制备方法。
为达到上述目的，本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：一种防水卷材用PVDF复合PVC抗紫外片材，由依次设置的PVDF膜、胶水层、PVC主体层、粘合胶层和离型层构成，其中：
所述PVDF膜的厚度为0.015-0.025mm，宽度为860mm-1920mm；
所述胶水层的厚度为0.0003-0.0005mm；
所述PVC主体层，用于增加强度及阻燃，其厚度为2-5mm，宽度为900mm-1100mm；
所述粘合胶层厚度为1-2mm，宽度为1060mm-2120mm；
所述离型层的厚度为0.03-0.04mm，宽度为1060mm-2120mm。
作为优选，所述PVDF膜由重量比PVDF：LDPE：EGMA-g-PMMA：色母为100：20～40：5～6：3～5的组分制成。
作为优选，所述胶水层为分子链中含有氨酯基和异氰酸酯基的聚氨酯胶水。
作为优选，所述PVC主体层以聚合型PVC树脂为基础原料，添加助剂包括稳定剂、抗老化剂及润滑剂。
作为优选，所述PVC主体层包括材料的质量份如下：PVC树脂100份，增塑剂DOP(邻苯二甲酸二辛酯)5-10份，增塑剂DBP(邻苯二甲酸二丁酯)5-15份，增塑剂M-50(烷基磺酸苯酯)10-15份，增塑剂氯化石蜡5-10份，稳定剂三盐基性硫酸铅(Pb4O3(SO4)4-6份，稳定剂硬脂酸钡2-3份，润滑剂石蜡0.2份，填充料碳酸钙5-10份，光稳定剂0.3-0.5份。
一种防水卷材用PVDF复合PVC抗紫外片材的制备方法，所述PVC主体层的制备包括以下步骤：
将制备PVC主体层的各组分材料配料；
将配好的料放入逆向锥双螺杆改性造粒；
通过单螺杆挤出；
通过T型模头挤出；
通过双辊装置对其成型冷却。
作为优选，所述PVDF膜原料由将原料PVDF、LDPE、EGMA-g-PMMA和色母放入直径长径比为40：1的平行双螺杆造粒机制备。
作为优选，所述EGMA-g-PMMA的制备步骤如下：
以PMMA为单体、4，4’-偶氮(4-氰基戊酸)为引发剂，巯基乙酸为链转移剂，通过自由基调聚反应合成出了PMMA-COOH低聚物，将所述PMMA-COOH低聚物作为组装单元，使其与线形聚合物EGMA(乙烯-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯共聚物)主链上的环氧基团在PVDF与LDPE界面上发生开环反应，原位生成EGMA-g-PMMA接枝聚合物。
由于上述技术方案的运用，本发明与现有技术相比具有下列有益效果：
1.将聚氯乙烯(PVC)片材的高强度和聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)的抗晒耐老化有效的结合，能直接用于单层屋面方面和金属屋面外露抗紫外耐晒，克服聚氯乙稀(PVC)片材外露抗晒寿命只有5-10年年左右，使用寿命延长到25年，满足新的“市政和建筑防水通用规范”要求；
2.减少维护次数，现在外晒防水卷材或片材，一般使用年限在5-10年左右，不能做到25年以上，每5-10年左右要维护一次，维护成本非常高，聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)复合聚氯乙稀(PVC)片材制成的抗紫外耐晒膜做成片材，使用寿命25年以上，维护成本大大降低；
3.聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)复合聚氯乙稀(PVC)片材制成的抗紫外耐晒膜做成的片材，因其聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)有其反射其太阳光作用，有效的降低室内温度，起到节能环保作用，是绿色环保产品。同时，使PVC卷材温度不致升高太快，引起热老化；
4.聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)复合聚氯乙稀(PVC)片材制成的抗紫外耐晒膜做成的片材表面自洁性好，不粘灰层，外观美观。符合城市干净美观要；
5.有优良的抗紫外线、抗老化性能和阻燃性能；
6.具有高强度，且表面柔软，和建筑屋面贴附性好。
附图说明
图1是本实施例的工艺流程图；
图2是本实施例的T型模头的结构示意图；
图3是本实施例的膜层结构的结构示意图；
图中：1、可调节上盖体；2、上，下盖连接螺孔；3、进料口；4、可调节模唇通道；5、可调节上盖体；10、PVDF膜；20、胶水层；30、PVC主体层；40、粘合胶层；50、离型层。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例，对本发明的内容做进一步的详细说明：
本发明一实施例提供一种聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)膜复合聚氯乙稀(PVC)片材制成的抗紫外耐晒防水片材为五层结构:
第一层为PVDF膜10，厚度为0.015～0.025mm，宽度860mm-1920mm，宽度比PVC短200mm.宽度短是PVDF材料本身无法热熔焊接，两边预留100mm搭接边宽度，用PVC材料相互热熔所以PVDF的宽度要小于PVC宽度200mm，用宽度100mm的外层为PVDF，内层PVC复合膜做搭接边。PVDF厚度在0.015-0.020mm，PVC厚度在2～5mm；
第二层为胶水层20，厚度为0.005～0.010mm，宽度860mm-1920mm，同样因为保留搭接边，宽度比PVC短200mm；
第三层为聚氯乙稀(PVC)片材，厚度为2～5mm，宽度1060mm-2120mm；
第四层为胶层，胶层可以是改性丁基橡胶等具有粘合性能的胶状材料，厚度为1-2mm，宽度1060mm-2120mm；
第五层为离型材料，离型材料可以是PET离型膜或PE离型膜，主要起隔离作用。厚度为0.035-0.04mm，宽度1060mm-2120mm。
本发明第一层聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)膜，用平行双螺杆造粒机改性造粒，以甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)为单体、4，4’-偶氮(4-氰基戊酸)(ACVA)为引发剂，巯基乙酸(TGA)为链转移剂，通过自由基调聚反应合成出了PMMA-COOH低聚物，并通过调节单体、引发剂与链转移剂三者的投料比，制备得到了分子量可控，分子量分布较窄的分子量2000-8000的PMMA-COOH低聚物；
将PMMA-COOH低聚物作为组装单元，使其与线形聚合物EGMA(乙烯-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯共聚物)主链上的环氧基团在PVDF与LDPE界面上发生开环反应，原位生成EGMA-g-PMMA接枝聚合物。EGMA-g-PMMA作为PVDF和LDPE相容剂，能有效改善PVDF与LDPE之间的相容性，减小共混组分之间的界面张力，增强界面之间的粘结性，极大地提高PVDF/LDPE共混物的力学性能。
按重量比聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF):低密度聚乙烯(LDPE):增容剂EGMA-g-PMMA：色母＝100:20-40:5-6：3-5，用直径长径比(L/D)＝40:1的平行双螺杆造粒机，改性造粒。制成能吹膜的PVDF改性料。
用三层上吹膜机吹制成单色或双色PVDF膜10，双色PVDF膜10，如白膜，黑膜，黑白膜，蓝黑膜，绿白膜等，用调整LDPE含量，来调整PVDF含氟量，从而作到不同年限的抗晒膜。
PVDF(聚偏氟乙烯)，分子式-(CH2-CF2)n-，因C-F键能489KJ/mol。结构决定性能。PVDF氟元素由于具有电负性最大、原子半径很小且形成的C-F键长短、键能大、F原子和含氟基团对主链起保护作用等结构特点，紫外光能量很难打断主链，而形成了抗紫外辐照、耐气候，耐辐照，抗化学腐蚀、耐沾污、防水等性能特点。作为热塑性聚氯乙稀类(PVC)防水卷材的保护材料，PVDF(聚偏氟乙烯)外层保护，能使热塑性聚氯乙稀类(PVC)防水卷材外露抗晒使用，能延长屋面防水年限超过25年。
本发明第二层为聚氨酯胶水，因分子链中含有氨酯基和异氰酸酯基的胶水，由于含有强极性的异氰酸酯和氨基甲酸酯基，具有很高的反应性，能够室温固化，聚氨酯的主链柔性很好。
其最大特点是耐受冲击震动和弯曲疲劳，剥离强度很高，特别是耐低温性能极其优异。
本发明第三层聚氯乙稀(PVC)片材总厚度2mm-5mm，以聚合型PVC树脂为基础原料，通过添加稳定剂、抗老化剂，润滑剂和其它助剂等，制备PVC防水卷材专用料。配方为：其中PVC树脂(牌号SG3，SG5)100份，增塑剂DOP(邻苯二甲酸二辛酯)5-10份，增塑剂DBP(邻苯二甲酸二丁酯)5-10-15份，增塑剂M-50(烷基磺酸苯酯)10-15份，增塑剂氯化石蜡5-10份，稳定剂三盐基性硫酸铅(Pb4O3(SO4)4-6份，稳定剂硬脂酸钡2-3份，润滑剂石蜡0.2份，填充料碳酸钙5-10份，光稳定剂0.3-0.5份，以上按重量计。
现有技术相比，本实施例具有以下有益效果：
1.将聚氯乙烯(PVC)片材的高强度和聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)的抗晒耐老化有效的结合，能直接用于单层屋面方面和金属屋面外露抗紫外耐晒，克服聚氯乙稀(PVC)片材外露抗晒寿命只有5-10年年左右，使用寿命延长到25年，满足新的“市政和建筑防水通用规范”要求；
2.减少维护次数，现在外晒防水卷材或片材，一般使用年限在5-10年左右，不能做到25年以上，每5-10年左右要维护一次，维护成本非常高，聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)复合聚氯乙稀(PVC)片材制成的抗紫外耐晒膜做成片材，使用寿命25年以上，维护成本大大降低；
3.聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)复合聚氯乙稀(PVC)片材制成的抗紫外耐晒膜做成的片材，因其聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)有其反射其太阳光作用，有效的降低室内温度，起到节能环保作用，是绿色环保产品。同时，使PVC卷材温度不致升高太快，引起热老化；
4.聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)复合聚氯乙稀(PVC)片材制成的抗紫外耐晒膜做成的片材表面自洁性好，不粘灰层，外观美观。符合城市干净美观要；
5.有优良的抗紫外线、抗老化性能和阻燃性能；
6.具有高强度，且表面柔软，和建筑屋面贴附性好。
上述实施例只为说明本发明的技术构思及特点，其目的在于让熟悉此项技术的人士能够了解本发明的内容并加以实施，并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围，凡根据本发明精神实质所作的等效变化或修饰，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (8)

1.一种防水卷材用PVDF复合PVC抗紫外片材，其特征在于，由依次设置的PVDF膜、胶水层、PVC主体层、粘合胶层和离型层构成，其中：
所述PVDF膜的厚度为0.015-0.025mm，宽度为860mm-1920mm；
所述胶水层的厚度为0.0003-0.0005mm；
所述PVC主体层，用于增加强度及阻燃，其厚度为2-5mm，宽度为900mm-1100mm；
所述粘合胶层厚度为1-2mm，宽度为1060mm-2120mm；
所述离型层的厚度为0.03-0.04mm，宽度为1060mm-2120mm。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种防水卷材用PVDF复合PVC抗紫外片材，其特征在于：所述PVDF膜由重量比PVDF：LDPE：EGMA-g-PMMA：色母为100：20～40：5～6：3～5的组分制成。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种防水卷材用PVDF复合PVC抗紫外片材，其特征在于：所述胶水层为分子链中含有氨酯基和异氰酸酯基的聚氨酯胶水。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种防水卷材用PVDF复合PVC抗紫外片材，其特征在于：所述PVC主体层以聚合型PVC树脂为基础原料，添加助剂包括稳定剂、抗老化剂及润滑剂。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种防水卷材用PVDF复合PVC抗紫外片材，其特征在于：所述PVC主体层包括材料的质量份如下：PVC树脂100份，增塑剂DOP(邻苯二甲酸二辛酯)5-10份，增塑剂DBP(邻苯二甲酸二丁酯)5-15份，增塑剂M-50(烷基磺酸苯酯)10-15份，增塑剂氯化石蜡5-10份，稳定剂三盐基性硫酸铅(Pb4O3(SO4)4-6份，稳定剂硬脂酸钡2-3份，润滑剂石蜡0.2份，填充料碳酸钙5-10份，光稳定剂0.3-0.5份。
6.一种权利要求1～5任一项所述的防水卷材用PVDF复合PVC抗紫外片材的制备方法，其特征在于：所述PVC主体层的制备包括以下步骤：
将制备PVC主体层的各组分材料配料；
将配好的料放入逆向锥双螺杆改性造粒；
通过单螺杆挤出；
通过T型模头挤出；
通过双辊装置对其成型冷却。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种防水卷材用PVDF复合PVC抗紫外片材的制备方法，其特征在于：所述PVDF膜原料由将原料PVDF、LDPE、EGMA-g-PMMA和色母放入直径长径比为40：1的平行双螺杆造粒机制备。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种防水卷材用PVDF复合PVC抗紫外片材的制备方法，其特征在于：所述EGMA-g-PMMA的制备步骤如下：以PMMA为单体、4，4’-偶氮(4-氰基戊酸)为引发剂，巯基乙酸为链转移剂，通过自由基调聚反应合成出了PMMA-COOH低聚物，将所述PMMA-COOH低聚物作为组装单元，使其与线形聚合物EGMA(乙烯-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯共聚物)主链上的环氧基团在PVDF与LDPE界面上发生开环反应，原位生成EGMA-g-PMMA接枝聚合物。
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